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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Federal_League_and_the_chaos_of_the_1820s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Federal_League_and_the_chaos_of_the_1820s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Federal League and the chaos of the 1820s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Federal_League_and_the_chaos_of_the_1820s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_congress_of_the_United_Provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_congress_of_the_United_Provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Federal congress of the United Provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_congress_of_the_United_Provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liga_del_Interior_and_Pacto_Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liga_del_Interior_and_Pacto_Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Liga del Interior and Pacto Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liga_del_Interior_and_Pacto_Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secession_of_Buenos_Aires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession_of_Buenos_Aires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Secession of Buenos Aires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession_of_Buenos_Aires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_unification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_unification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>National unification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_unification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Main conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Argentine Civil Wars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحروب الأهلية الأرجنتينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحروب الأهلية الأرجنتينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerres_civils_argentines" title="Guerres civils argentines – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerres civils argentines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Εμφύλιοι πόλεμοι της Αργεντινής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμφύλιοι πόλεμοι της Αργεντινής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerras_civiles_argentinas" title="Guerras civiles argentinas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerras civiles argentinas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinaj_enlandaj_militoj" title="Argentinaj enlandaj militoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Argentinaj enlandaj militoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerres_civiles_argentines" title="Guerres civiles argentines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerres civiles argentines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%A8%ED%8B%B0%EB%82%98_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="아르헨티나 내전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르헨티나 내전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_civili_argentine" title="Guerre civili argentine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerre civili argentine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מלחמות האזרחים בארגנטינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמות האזרחים בארגנטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="არგენტინის სამოქალაქო ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არგენტინის სამოქალაქო ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerras_Civis_Argentinas" title="Guerras Civis Argentinas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerras Civis Argentinas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гражданские войны в Аргентине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданские войны в Аргентине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argent%C3%ADnske_ob%C4%8Dianske_vojny" title="Argentínske občianske vojny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Argentínske občianske vojny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="شەڕی نێوخۆییی ئەرژەنتین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی نێوخۆییی ئەرژەنتین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinska_inb%C3%B6rdeskrigen" title="Argentinska inbördeskrigen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Argentinska inbördeskrigen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Громадянська війна в Аргентині – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Громадянська війна в Аргентині" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="阿根廷內戰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿根廷內戰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Argentine Civil Wars</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Rise of the Argentine Republic">rise of the Argentine Republic</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guerra_Civil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Guerra_Civil.jpg/250px-Guerra_Civil.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Guerra_Civil.jpg/375px-Guerra_Civil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Guerra_Civil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="599" /></a></span><br />From top left: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_Grande" title="Battle of Arroyo Grande">Battle of Arroyo Grande</a>, execution of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dorrego" title="Manuel Dorrego">Manuel Dorrego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Pavón">Battle of Pavón</a>, death of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a>, murder of <a href="/wiki/Facundo_Quiroga" title="Facundo Quiroga">Facundo Quiroga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">Battle of Caseros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famaill%C3%A1" title="Battle of Famaillá">Battle of Famaillá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuelta_de_Obligado" title="Battle of Vuelta de Obligado">Battle of Vuelta de Obligado</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1814–1880</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Sanction of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1853" title="Argentine Constitution of 1853">Constitution</a> in 1853<br /><a href="/wiki/Federalization_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Federalization of Buenos Aires">Federalization of Buenos Aires</a> in 1880</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Free_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="League of the Free Peoples">League of the Free Peoples</a> (1815–1820)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federales_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federales (Argentina)">Federales</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Argentine_Confederation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="591" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a> (1831–1861)</li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Uruguay)" title="National Party (Uruguay)">Blancos</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Oribe%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gobierno_del_Cerrito" title="Gobierno del Cerrito">Gobierno del Cerrito</a></li></ul> <b>Supported by:</b><br /><span data-sort-value="Paraguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1852–1870)</span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Director_of_the_United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">Supreme Directorship</a> (1814–1820)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Party" title="Unitarian Party">Unitarians</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="League of the Interior">League of the Interior</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Buenos_Aires.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">State of Buenos Aires</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Party_(Uruguay)" title="Colorado Party (Uruguay)">Colorados</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay_%28Rivera%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gobierno_de_la_Defensa" title="Gobierno de la Defensa">Gobierno de la Defensa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">France</a><br /><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="439" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></span> </p> <span data-sort-value="Paraguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1844–1852)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">José Gervasio Artigas</a> (1814–1820)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_(governor)" title="Francisco Ramírez (governor)">Francisco Ramírez</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1814–1821)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estanislao_L%C3%B3pez" title="Estanislao López">Estanislao López</a> (1814–1838)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Alvear" title="Carlos María de Alvear">Carlos María de Alvear</a> (1815–1852)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="555" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera" title="José Miguel Carrera">José Miguel Carrera</a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> (1818–1821)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Facundo_Quiroga" title="Facundo Quiroga">Facundo Quiroga</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1820–1835)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_National_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Oribe" title="Manuel Oribe">Manuel Oribe</a> (1825–1851)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dorrego" title="Manuel Dorrego">Manuel Dorrego</a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> (1826–1828)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a> (1828–1852)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1835–1870)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chacho_Pe%C3%B1aloza" class="mw-redirect" title="Chacho Peñaloza">Chacho Peñaloza</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1836–1863)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Artigas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Artigas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Jord%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo López Jordán">Ricardo López Jordán</a> (1870–1876)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rondeau" title="José Rondeau">José Rondeau</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1814–1844)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (1814–1841)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia" title="Bernardino Rivadavia">Bernardino Rivadavia</a> (1821–1834)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz" title="José María Paz">José María Paz</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) (1829–1854)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Domingo Faustino Sarmiento</a> (1831–1874)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_%28Navy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre" title="Bartolomé Mitre">Bartolomé Mitre</a> (1839–1880)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fructuoso_Rivera" title="Fructuoso Rivera">Fructuoso Rivera</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venancio_Flores" title="Venancio Flores">Venancio Flores</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Argentine Civil Wars</b> were a series of <a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil conflict">civil conflicts</a> of varying intensity that took place through the territories of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> from 1814 to 1853. Beginning concurrently with the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">Argentine War of Independence</a> (1810–1818), the conflict prevented the formation of a stable governing body until the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1853" title="Argentine Constitution of 1853">Argentine Constitution of 1853</a>, followed by low-frequency skirmishes that ended with the <a href="/wiki/Federalization_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Federalization of Buenos Aires">Federalization of Buenos Aires</a>. The period saw heavy intervention from the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Empire">Brazilian Empire</a> that fought against state and provinces in multiple wars. Breakaway nations, former territories of the viceroyalty, such as the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Upper Peru</a> were involved to varying degrees. Foreign powers such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French</a> empires put heavy pressure on the fledgling nations at times of international war. </p><p>Initially, conflict arose from tensions over the organization and powers of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of South America</a>. The May 1810 revolution sparked the breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty's</a> <i>intendencies</i> (regional administrations) into local <i><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">cabildos</a></i>. These rejected the notion that the central government should be able to instate and remove governors of the new provinces; a general opposition to <a href="/wiki/Centralized_government" title="Centralized government">centralism</a>. Escalation resulted in the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Director_of_the_United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">directorship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="Congress of Tucumán">congress</a> leaving the Argentine provinces under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Personalismo" title="Personalismo">personalist</a> strongmen called <i><a href="/wiki/Caudillos" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudillos">caudillos</a></i>, leading to sporadic skirmishes until the reestablishment of relative peace after the war between the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_League" title="Unitarian League">League of the Interior</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Pact" title="Federal Pact">Federal Pact</a>. However, conflicting interests did not permit the creation of a governing body until the pact's defeat during the <a href="/wiki/Platine_War" title="Platine War">Platine War</a>. Later conflicts centered around commercial control of the riverways in the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_River" title="Uruguay River">Uruguay rivers</a> and the country's only <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Port of Buenos Aires">port</a>, which saw the secession of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a>, its unification and subsequent de-escalation of hostilities as the battleground moved from mutinies to debates within the political system of the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Republic">Argentine Republic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Federal_League_and_the_chaos_of_the_1820s">The Federal League and the chaos of the 1820s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Federal League and the chaos of the 1820s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg/155px-Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg/233px-Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg/310px-Juan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="3212" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a>, under the liberator <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">José Gervasio Artigas</a>, defended the <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal</a> system until all the provinces had equal conditions.</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a> had long marked the relationship among the numerous provinces of what today is Argentina, and the wars of independence did not result in national unity. José Artigas' establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_League_(1815%E2%80%931820)" title="Federal League (1815–1820)">Federal League</a> with <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a> Province, <a href="/wiki/Entre_R%C3%ADos_Province" title="Entre Ríos Province">Entre Ríos Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Province" title="Misiones Province">Misiones Province</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba Province (Argentina)">Córdoba Province</a>, in June 1814, marked the first formal rupture in the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of South America">United Provinces of South America</a> that had been created by the 1810 <a href="/wiki/May_Revolution" title="May Revolution">May Revolution</a>. </p><p>The Banda Oriental was <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_the_Banda_Oriental" title="Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental">invaded</a> in June 1816 by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>, a conflict that tied Artigas' army to the defense of the region. Nonetheless, he ordered an armed response against the directorship of the United Provinces' declaration of the centralising <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1819" title="Argentine Constitution of 1819">Argentine Constitution of 1819</a>. The Federal League victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1820)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1820)">Battle of Cepeda (1820)</a> effectively dissolved the government, leaving <i>caudillos</i> as the highest regional authorities for the remainder of the decade. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pilar" title="Treaty of Pilar">Treaty of Pilar</a> between Buenos Aires, Sante Fe and Entre Ríos, and the subsequent refusal of fellow federal members to aid the occupied Banda Oriental marked the dissolution of the Federal League. </p><p>Armed conflict between Littoral governors soared in the beginning of the 1820s, immediately following the downfall of the Federal League. Artigas rejected the Pilar Treaty and signed the Avalos Treaty with the governments of Corrientes and Misiones. In May 1820 he marched his army towards <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_del_Uruguay" title="Concepción del Uruguay">Concepción del Uruguay</a> in Entre Ríos, but was ultimately defeated at Misiones by September, and exiled to <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>. The governor of Entre Ríos, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_(governor)" title="Francisco Ramírez (governor)">Francisco Ramírez</a>, effectively occupied the provinces of Corrientes and Misiones. The signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Benegas" title="Treaty of Benegas">Treaty of Benegas</a> in November 1820 between Buenos Aires and Santa Fe led to the breakdown of relations between Ramírez and Santa Fe's governor, <a href="/wiki/Estanislao_L%C3%B3pez" title="Estanislao López">Estanislao López</a>. By 1821 a war between the Buenos Aires-Santa Fe alliance and Corrientes ended in the death of Ramírez and the signing of the defensive <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Treaty" title="Quadrilateral Treaty">Quadrilateral Treaty</a> between Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Corrientes against the Brazilian-Portuguese. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_congress_of_the_United_Provinces">Federal congress of the United Provinces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal congress of the United Provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fear of further Brazilian aggression led the provinces to agree for a federal congress in 1824. In a number of sessions, the congress drafted a "fundamental law" temporarily appointing the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Governor of Buenos Aires Province">Governor of Buenos Aires Province</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> until the formal establishment of such an office. Subsequent sessions saw reinvigorated support of the Banda Oriental's resistance against Brazil, culminating in the formal reintegration of the province after Uruguay's declaration of independence at the congress of Florida on 25 August 1825. In response, <a href="/wiki/Cisplatine_War" title="Cisplatine War">Brazil declared war on the United Provinces</a> on 10 December 1825, prompting the enactment of the presidency and the election of <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia" title="Bernardino Rivadavia">Bernardino Rivadavia</a> as its first president, in order to coordinate the new Argentine army, despite objections from the representatives of Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe over port rights. Rivadavia and his followers heavily pushed for reforms intended to set up the basis of a federal-level government and successfully passed the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1826" title="Argentine Constitution of 1826">Argentine Constitution of 1826</a>, denounced by congress representatives as centralist in nature. </p><p>Although initially successful, the war stagnated, and poorly-led negotiations in 1827 discredited the central government. Facing opposition on all fronts, Rivadavia resigned and Vice-president <a href="/wiki/Vicente_L%C3%B3pez_y_Planes" title="Vicente López y Planes">Vicente López y Planes</a> soon followed his example. Elections were held in Buenos Aires where the opposition leader, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dorrego" title="Manuel Dorrego">Manuel Dorrego</a>, was elected Governor of Buenos Aires as the only candidate contesting. His peace negotiations with Brazil faced heavy pressure from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> who saw continued war as a threat to its trade networks. Mediated through Britain, the August 1828 <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_Peace_Convention_(1828)" title="Preliminary Peace Convention (1828)">Preliminary Peace Convention</a> affirmed the independence of the Banda Oriental, a result not expected by the local population. The ensuing outrage prompted returning officer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a> to stage <a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolution_(Argentina)" title="Decembrist revolution (Argentina)">a coup</a> on behalf of the Unitarians in December 1828, executing Dorrego and dissolving the second republic of the United Provinces. Federalist rancher <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a> rose in revolt and defeated the coup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liga_del_Interior_and_Pacto_Federal">Liga del Interior and Pacto Federal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liga del Interior and Pacto Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosas_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rosas_2.jpg/155px-Rosas_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rosas_2.jpg/233px-Rosas_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rosas_2.jpg/310px-Rosas_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>Buenos Aires Governor <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a> secured the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Confederation</a> under Federalist rule.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg/155px-Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg/233px-Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="184" /></a><figcaption>A Rosas-era banner calling for "death to the brutal Unitarians" typified the ongoing conflict</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning from 1829, two cliques that came to be named by contemporaries as "<a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party_(Argentina)" title="Federalist Party (Argentina)">Federalists</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Party" title="Unitarian Party">Unitarians</a>" took shape. In that year, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a> assumed governorship of Buenos Aires after forcing Lavalle's surrender. In Cordoba, the pro-Lavalle minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz" title="José María Paz">José María Paz</a> began a campaign of subjugation against the interior provinces. In his writings he denounced provincial governors, especially those of the littoral, calling them "<i><a href="/wiki/Caudillos" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudillos">caudillos</a></i>", and accused the anti-centralising interior provinces of a colonial mindset, holding them responsible for the country's disorganized state and ultimately the stagnation of the independence war efforts and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_North" title="Army of the North">Army of the North</a>. His campaign against settlements in western Argentina found little opposition with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendoza (province)">Mendoza</a>'s <i>caudillo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Facundo_Quiroga" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Facundo Quiroga">Juan Facundo Quiroga</a>, who he defeated in a series of skirmishes. Paz set his sights on removing <i>caudillo</i> influence from the cities, ordering a series of purges and expropriations of deposed governors such as the Quiroga family. </p><p>On July 5, 1830, the Unitarian <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_League" title="Unitarian League">Liga del Interior</a> was formally entreated as a military alliance, albeit with all local governors supplanted with Paz's followers. In response, on 4 January 1831, the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Corrientes and Entre Ríos established the <a href="/wiki/Pacto_Federal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacto Federal">Federal Pact</a>, in reference to Artigas' original proposal for a federal system to replace the viceroyalty system. Hostilities between the two alliances began in May that year, ending with the defeat of the Unitarian League at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Ciudadela" title="Battle of La Ciudadela">Battle of La Ciudadela</a>. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a> continued the conflict through a series of rebellions with different alliances against Rosas and the Federal Pact until Lavalle's defeat and assassination in 1841. </p><p>The Federal Pact made no attempt at creating a centralized government. Provinces such as Corrientes considered the pact dissolved by 1834, having attained its goals. Representation on foreign affairs was assumed by the far larger Buenos Aires province with provincial governors formally delegating to Rosas' government. In addition, Rosas was symbolically granted the "<a href="/wiki/Sum_of_public_power" title="Sum of public power">sum of public power</a>", suspending the separation of powers. These powers also enabled Rosas to participate in the protracted <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Civil_War" title="Uruguayan Civil War">Uruguayan Civil War</a> in favor of Blancos leader <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Oribe" title="Manuel Oribe">Manuel Oribe</a>, though unsuccessfully; Oribe, in turn, led numerous military campaigns on behalf of Rosas, and became an invaluable ally in the struggle against Lavalle and other Unitarians. Beginning with Rosas' 1835 governorship mandate, this arrangement began to be called the "<a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a>", albeit amid ongoing conflicts, interventionism and rising local and international tensions. The <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation" title="Peru–Bolivian Confederation">Peru–Bolivian Confederation</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a> against Chile and Argentina. <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>, governor of Entre Ríos, led the other provinces to demand the drafting of a constitution and sharing of customs authority and export income. The <a href="/wiki/Platine_War" title="Platine War">Platine War</a> saw a Brazilian-led alliance of <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Party_(Uruguay)" title="Colorado Party (Uruguay)">Colorado</a> Uruguayan, dissident Federalist and Paraguayan elements defeating the Argentine-Uruguayan army in 1852 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">Battle of Caseros</a>, when Rosas was deposed and exiled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession_of_Buenos_Aires">Secession of Buenos Aires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Secession of Buenos Aires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central figure in the <a href="/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Grande" title="Ejército Grande">overthrow of Rosas</a>, Entre Ríos Governor <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>, failed to secure Buenos Aires' ratification of the 1852 <a href="/wiki/San_Nicol%C3%A1s_Agreement" title="San Nicolás Agreement">San Nicolás Agreement</a> for a new constitution. Following this, Buenos Aires Unitarians launched the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_11_September_1852" title="Revolution of 11 September 1852">Revolution of 11 September 1852</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">State of Buenos Aires</a> was declared. The secessionist state rejected the 1853 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina" title="Constitution of Argentina">Constitution of Argentina</a>, and promulgated its own the following year. The most contentious issue remained the <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Customs" title="Buenos Aires Customs">Buenos Aires Customs</a>, which remained under the control of the city government and was the chief source of public revenue. Nations with which the Confederation maintained <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Argentina" title="Foreign relations of Argentina">foreign relations</a>, moreover, kept all embassies in Buenos Aires (rather than in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1,_Entre_R%C3%ADos" title="Paraná, Entre Ríos">Paraná</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justo_jos%C3%A9_de_urquiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Justo_jos%C3%A9_de_urquiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>'s 1852 overthrow of Rosas fanned Buenos Aires secessionists</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg/145px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg/218px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre" title="Bartolomé Mitre">Bartolomé Mitre</a> wrested concessions toward Buenos Aires and became a staunch defender of national unity.</figcaption></figure> <p>The State of Buenos Aires was also bolstered by its numerous alliances in the hinterland, including that of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" title="Santiago del Estero Province">Santiago del Estero Province</a> (led by Manuel Taboada), as well as among powerful Unitarian Party governors in <a href="/wiki/Salta_Province" title="Salta Province">Salta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tucum%C3%A1n_Province" title="Tucumán Province">Tucumán</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan Province (Argentina)">San Juan</a>. The 1858 assassination of San Juan's <a href="/wiki/Federales_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federales (Argentina)">Federalist</a> governor, <a href="/wiki/Nazario_Benav%C3%ADdez" title="Nazario Benavídez">Nazario Benavídez</a>, by Unitarians inflamed tensions between the Confederation and the State of Buenos Aires, as did a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> between the chief Confederate port (the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rosario" title="Port of Rosario">Port of Rosario</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Montevideo" title="Port of Montevideo">Port of Montevideo</a>, which undermined Buenos Aires trade. The election of the intransigent <a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Alsina" title="Valentín Alsina">Valentín Alsina</a> further exacerbated disputes, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1859)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1859)">Battle of Cepeda (1859)</a>. </p><p>Buenos Aires forces, led by General <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mitre" title="Bartolomé Mitre">Bartolomé Mitre</a>, were defeated by those led by the President of Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>. Ordered to subjugate Buenos Aires separatists by force, Urquiza instead invited the defeated to a round of negotiations, and secured the <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Flores" title="Pact of San José de Flores">Pact of San José de Flores</a>, which provided for a number of constitutional amendments and led to other concessions, including an extension on the province's customs house concession and measures benefiting the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Province_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires">Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires</a>, whose currency was authorized for use as legal tender at the customs house (thereby controlling much of the nation's foreign trade). </p><p>Mitre ultimately abrogated the Pact of San José, leading to renewed civil war. These hostilities culminated in the 1861 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Pavón">Battle of Pavón</a>, and to victory on the part of Mitre and Buenos Aires over Urquiza's national forces. President <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Derqui" title="Santiago Derqui">Santiago Derqui</a>, who had been backed by Urquiza, resigned on 4 November 1861. Mitre's forces captured more than half of the interior provinces, and replaced their Federalist governments with Unitarians. Mitre, who despite victory reaffirmed his commitment to the 1860 constitutional amendments, was elected the republic's first president in 1862. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_unification">National unification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National unification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President Mitre instituted a <a href="/wiki/Limited_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited suffrage">limited suffrage</a> electoral system known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Argentine_presidential_elections,_1862%E2%80%931910" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine presidential elections, 1862–1910">voto cantado</a></i> ("intoned vote"), which depended on a pliant <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> and would be conditioned to prevent the election of secessionists to high office through <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>, if necessary. The 1874 election victory of the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomist_Party" title="National Autonomist Party">National Autonomist Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Catamarca_Province" title="Catamarca Province">Catamarca Province</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda" title="Nicolás Avellaneda">Nicolás Avellaneda</a>, who had been endorsed by an erstwhile Buenos Aires separatist, <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Alsina" title="Adolfo Alsina">Adolfo Alsina</a>, led to renewed fighting when Mitre mutinied a <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a> to prevent the inaugural. He was defeated, however, and only President Avellaneda's commutation spared his life. </p><p>Vestigial opposition to the new order continued from Federalists, notably <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_Province_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja Province (Argentina)">La Rioja</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Chacho_Pe%C3%B1aloza" class="mw-redirect" title="Chacho Peñaloza">Chacho Peñaloza</a>, who was killed in 1863 following a long campaign of <a href="/wiki/Internecine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Internecine war">internecine warfare</a>, and Entre Ríos leader <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Jord%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo López Jordán">Ricardo López Jordán</a>, whose Jordanist rebellion of 1870 to 1876, starting with the assassination of former Federalist president <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a> (whom he blamed for the Federalist defeat), marked the <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Jord%C3%A1n#The_Jordanist_Rebellion" title="Ricardo López Jordán">last Federalist revolt</a>. The 1880 election of the National Autonomist leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Conquest of the Desert</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Julio_Roca" class="mw-redirect" title="Julio Roca">Julio Roca</a>, led to a final armed insurrection by Buenos Aires Governor <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Tejedor_(politician)" title="Carlos Tejedor (politician)">Carlos Tejedor</a>, a die-hard opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Federalization_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Federalization of Buenos Aires">federalization of Buenos Aires</a> and the resulting loss of privileges. Its quick defeat and a truce brokered by Mitre quieted the last source of open resistance to national unity (Buenos Aires <a href="/wiki/Autonomist_Party" title="Autonomist Party">Autonomists</a>), and resulted in the Federalization of Buenos Aires, as well as the hegemony of Roca's <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomist_Party" title="National Autonomist Party">PAN</a> and pro-modernization <a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2780" title="Generation of '80">Generation of '80</a> policy makers over national politics until 1916.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_conflicts">Main conflicts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Main conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Argentine_Civil_Wars" title="Timeline of the Argentine Civil Wars">Timeline of the Argentine Civil Wars</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Carlos_Morel_-_Combate_de_caballer%C3%ADa_en_la_%C3%A9poca_de_Rosas_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>Cavalry fight in the age of Rosas, c. 1840</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caseros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Caseros.jpg/220px-Caseros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Caseros.jpg/330px-Caseros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Caseros.jpg/440px-Caseros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">Battle of Caseros</a>, 1852</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>War between the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Director_of_the_United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Artigas" class="mw-redirect" title="José Artigas">José Artigas</a>' <a href="/wiki/Liga_Federal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Federal">League of the Free Peoples</a> (1814–1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1820)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1820)">Battle of Cepeda (1820)</a></li> <li>Conflicts with La Rioja leader <a href="/wiki/Facundo_Quiroga" title="Facundo Quiroga">Facundo Quiroga</a> (1826–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolution_(Argentina)" title="Decembrist revolution (Argentina)">Decembrist revolution</a> (1828–1831)</li> <li>Federalist war against the Unitarian League (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_the_Restorers" title="Revolution of the Restorers">Revolution of the Restorers</a> against Buenos Aires Governor <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Balcarce" title="Juan Ramón Balcarce">Juan Ramón Balcarce</a> (1833)</li> <li>Conflicts with La Rioja leader <a href="/wiki/Chacho_Pe%C3%B1aloza" class="mw-redirect" title="Chacho Peñaloza">Chacho Peñaloza</a> (1835–1845; 1860–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_blockade_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="French blockade of the Río de la Plata">French blockade of the Río de la Plata</a> (1838)</li> <li>Free Men of the South revolt, quelled at <a href="/wiki/Chascom%C3%BAs" title="Chascomús">Chascomús</a> in 1839</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ferr%C3%A9" title="Pedro Ferré">Pedro Ferré</a>'s Corrientes revolt (1839–1842)</li> <li>Involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Civil_War" title="Uruguayan Civil War">Uruguayan Civil War</a> by Rosas on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Oribe" title="Manuel Oribe">Manuel Oribe</a> (1839–1851)</li> <li>War with the Northern Coalition (1840–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a>'s revolt against Rosas (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caaguaz%C3%BA" title="Battle of Caaguazú">Battle of Caaguazú</a> and defeat of Unitarian forces in Corrientes (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Madariaga" title="Joaquín Madariaga">Joaquín Madariaga</a>'s Corrientes revolt (1843–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuelta_de_Obligado" title="Battle of Vuelta de Obligado">Battle of Vuelta de Obligado</a> (1845) and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_blockade_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata">Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata</a> (1845–1850)</li> <li>Entre Ríos leader <a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Grande" title="Ejército Grande">break with Rosas</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">Battle of Caseros</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_11_September_1852" title="Revolution of 11 September 1852">Revolution of 11 September 1852</a>, creating the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">State of Buenos Aires</a></li> <li>Siege of Buenos Aires (1852–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1859)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1859)">Battle of Cepeda (1859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Pavón">Battle of Pavón</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Varela" title="Felipe Varela">Felipe Varela</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Colorados_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorados Revolution">Revolución de los Colorados</a></i> in Catamarca and other western provinces (1867)</li> <li>Entre Ríos leader Jordán's rebellion (1870–1876)</li> <li>Mitre's insurrection against the <a href="/wiki/National_Autonomist_Party" title="National Autonomist Party">Autonomist Party</a> and President-elect <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda" title="Nicolás Avellaneda">Nicolás Avellaneda</a> (1874)</li> <li>Buenos Aires Governor <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Tejedor_(politician)" title="Carlos Tejedor (politician)">Carlos Tejedor</a>'s rebellion against President-elect Roca (1880)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Republic_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise of the Republic of Argentina">Rise of the Republic of Argentina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Civil_Wars&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Argentine_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Argentine Civil War">Argentine Civil War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Levene, Ricardo. <i>A History of Argentina</i>. University of North Carolina Press, 1937.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Luna" title="Félix Luna">Luna, Félix</a>. <i>Los caudillos</i>. Buenos Aires: Editorial Peña Lillo, 1971.</li> <li><i>Historical Dictionary of Argentina</i>. 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Argentine_Civil_War" title="Template:Argentine Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Argentine_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Argentine Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Argentine_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Argentine Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Argentine_Civil_Wars_(1814–76)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties<br /> involved<br /> (leaders)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federales_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federales (Argentina)">Federalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">José Gervasio Artigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Vera" title="Mariano Vera">Mariano Vera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_L%C3%B3pez" title="Estanislao López">Estanislao López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_(governor)" title="Francisco Ramírez (governor)">Francisco Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Bustos" title="Juan Bautista Bustos">Juan Bautista Bustos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Dorrego" title="Manuel Dorrego">Manuel Dorrego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facundo_Quiroga" title="Facundo Quiroga">Facundo Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Heredia" title="Alejandro Heredia">Alejandro Heredia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Echag%C3%BCe" title="Pascual Echagüe">Pascual Echagüe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquiza" title="Justo José de Urquiza">Justo José de Urquiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_L%C3%B3pez_Jord%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo López Jordán">Ricardo López Jordán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Varela" title="Felipe Varela">Felipe Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Vicente_Pe%C3%B1aloza" title="Ángel Vicente Peñaloza">Chacho Peñaloza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Party" title="Unitarian Party">Unitarians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Alvear" title="Carlos María de Alvear">Carlos María de Alvear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Pueyrred%C3%B3n" title="Juan Martín de Pueyrredón">Juan Martín de Pueyrredón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rondeau" title="José Rondeau">José Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Rivadavia" title="Bernardino Rivadavia">Bernardino Rivadavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lavalle" title="Juan Lavalle">Juan Lavalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz" title="José María Paz">José María Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Esteban_Pedernera" title="Juan Esteban Pedernera">Juan Esteban Pedernera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Ar%C3%A1oz_de_Lamadrid" title="Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid">Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ferr%C3%A9" title="Pedro Ferré">Pedro Ferré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Domingo Faustino Sarmiento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1820)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1820)">Cepeda (1820)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Navarro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Navarro (page does not exist)">Navarro (1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Roque" title="Battle of San Roque">San Roque (1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A1rquez_Bridge" title="Battle of Márquez Bridge">Márquez Bridge (1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_La_Tablada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of La Tablada (page does not exist)">La Tablada (1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Oncativo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Oncativo (page does not exist)">Oncativo (1830)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Sauce_Grande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Sauce Grande (page does not exist)">Sauce Grande (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famaill%C3%A1" title="Battle of Famaillá">Famaillá (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caaguaz%C3%BA" title="Battle of Caaguazú">Caaguazú (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laguna_Limpia" title="Battle of Laguna Limpia">Laguna Limpia (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caseros" title="Battle of Caseros">Caseros (1852)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cepeda_(1859)" title="Battle of Cepeda (1859)">Cepeda (1859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pav%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Pavón">Pavón (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pozo_de_Vargas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pozo de Vargas (page does not exist)">Pozo de Vargas (1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Don_Gonzalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Don Gonzalo (page does not exist)">Don Gonzalo (1873)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pilar" title="Treaty of Pilar">Pilar (1820)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Benegas" title="Treaty of Benegas">Benegas (1820)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Treaty" title="Quadrilateral Treaty">Quadrilateral (1822)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1uelas_Pact" title="Cañuelas Pact">Cañuelas Pact (1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Pact" title="Federal Pact">Federal Pact (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protocol_of_Palermo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protocol of Palermo (page does not exist)">Protocol of Palermo (1852)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicol%C3%A1s_Agreement" title="San Nicolás Agreement">San Nicolás (1852)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Flores" title="Pact of San José de Flores">Pact of San José de Flores (1859)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Federal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Federal">League of the Free Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arequito_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arequito Revolt">Arequito Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_the_Restorers" title="Revolution of the Restorers">Revolution of the Restorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_League" title="Unitarian League">Unitarian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Confederation" title="Argentine Confederation">Argentine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Civil_War" title="Uruguayan Civil War">Uruguayan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemen_of_the_South" title="Freemen of the South">Freemen of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_11_September_1852" title="Revolution of 11 September 1852">Revolution of 11 September 1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Buenos_Aires" title="State of Buenos Aires">State of Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Constitution_of_1853" title="Argentine Constitution of 1853">Argentine Constitution of 1853</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Argentina_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Argentina_topics" title="Template:Argentina topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Argentina_topics" title="Template talk:Argentina topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Argentina_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Argentina topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Argentina_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Argentina-related_articles" title="Index of Argentina-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentina" title="History of Argentina">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">First inhabitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Argentina" title="Colonial Argentina">Colonial Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2780" title="Generation of '80">Generation of '80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine%E2%80%93Chilean_naval_arms_race" title="Argentine–Chilean naval arms race">Arms race with Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_dreadnought_race" title="South American dreadnought race">Dreadnought race with Brazil, Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decade" title="Infamous Decade">Infamous Decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_during_World_War_II" title="Argentina during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">National Reorganization Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Juntas" title="Trial of the Juntas">Trial of the Juntas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2001_riots_in_Argentina" title="December 2001 riots in Argentina">December 2001 riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Argentina" title="Geography of Argentina">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Argentina" title="List of cities in Argentina">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Argentina" title="Climate of Argentina">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Argentina" title="List of earthquakes in Argentina">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Argentina" title="Environment of Argentina">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Argentina" title="List of extreme points of Argentina">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Argentina" title="Category:Fauna of Argentina">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Argentina" title="Category:Flora of Argentina">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Argentina" title="List of islands of Argentina">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Argentina" title="List of mountains in Argentina">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Argentina" title="List of national parks of Argentina">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of Argentina">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Argentina" title="List of rivers of Argentina">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Argentina" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Argentina">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" 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