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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">殖民主義</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有125種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="استعمارية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استعمارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="استعمار – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استعمار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismu" title="Colonialismu – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Colonialismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ایستعمار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستعمار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoluon%C4%93l%C4%97zmos" title="Kuoluonēlėzmos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuoluonēlėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Каланіялізм – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каланіялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Каляніялізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каляніялізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Колониализъм – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колониализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="উপনিবেশবাদ – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপনিবেশবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevadennouriezh" title="Trevadennouriezh – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trevadennouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colonialisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="کۆلۆنیاڵیزم – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆلۆنیاڵیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefedigaethrwydd" title="Trefedigaethrwydd – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trefedigaethrwydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniyalizm" title="Koloniyalizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koloniyalizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αποικιοκρατία – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποικιοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="正文"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniismo" title="Koloniismo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koloniismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolonialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="استعمار – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استعمار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismi" title="Kolonialismi – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolonialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonialisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil%C3%ADneachas" title="Coilíneachas – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coilíneachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalism" title="Kolonyalism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kolonyalism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%C3%B3nia_%C3%B1embopoguy" title="Kolónia ñembopoguy – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kolónia ñembopoguy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="קולוניאליזם – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולוניאליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="उपनिवेशवाद – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपनिवेशवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upniweswaad" title="Upniweswaad – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Upniweswaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyarmatos%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Gyarmatosítás – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyarmatosítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գաղութացում – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաղութացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniismo" title="Koloniismo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koloniismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDlendustefna" title="Nýlendustefna – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýlendustefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="植民地主義 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植民地主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კოლონიალიზმი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლონიალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Отаршылдық – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Отаршылдық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="식민주의 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식민주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyal%C3%AEzm" title="Kolonyalîzm – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kolonyalîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevesigoleth" title="Trevesigoleth – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Trevesigoleth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismus" title="Colonialismus – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Colonialismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialissem" title="Kolonialissem – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kolonialissem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmas" title="Kolonializmas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolonializmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni%C4%81lisms" title="Koloniālisms – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koloniālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Колонијализам – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колонијализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="കോളനിവാഴ്ച – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോളനിവാഴ്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Колоничлол – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Колоничлол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="वसाहतवाद – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वसाहतवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismus" title="Kolonialismus – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kolonialismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उपनिवेश – 尼泊爾文" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उपनिवेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kolonialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitsamunda" title="Chitsamunda – 尼揚賈文" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chitsamunda" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="尼揚賈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colonialisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਸਤੀਵਾਦ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਸਤੀਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo – 帕皮阿門托文" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kolonialismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿門托文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializm" title="Kolonializm – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonializm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نو آبادیاتی نظام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نو آبادیاتی نظام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ښکېلاک – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښکېلاک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismo" title="Colonialismo – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colonialismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialissem" title="Colonialissem – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Colonialissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колоніалізм – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Колоніалізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 雅庫特文" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="雅庫特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismu" title="Colonialismu – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Colonialismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culunialismu" title="Culunialismu – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Culunialismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%BA%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بيٺڪيت – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بيٺڪيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonijalizam" title="Kolonijalizam – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolonijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="යටත්විජිතවාදය – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යටත්විජිතවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colonialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmus" title="Kolonializmus – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kolonializmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializem" title="Kolonializem – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolonializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumeysi" title="Gumeysi – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gumeysi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonializmi" title="Kolonializmi – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolonializmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Колонијализам – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колонијализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubusa_ngemakholonisi" title="Kubusa ngemakholonisi – 斯瓦特文" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Kubusa ngemakholonisi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonioalismus" title="Kolonioalismus – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kolonioalismus" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolonialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukoloni" title="Ukoloni – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukoloni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குடியேற்றவியம் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியேற்றவியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="ลัทธิอาณานิคม – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิอาณานิคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalismo" title="Kolonyalismo – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolonyalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6m%C3%BCrgecilik" title="Sömürgecilik – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sömürgecilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колониализм – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Колониализм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Колоніалізм – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колоніалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نو آبادیاتی نظام – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نو آبادیاتی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustamlakachilik" title="Mustamlakachilik – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mustamlakachilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_th%E1%BB%B1c_d%C3%A2n" title="Chủ nghĩa thực dân – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa thực dân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colnijhaedje" title="Colnijhaedje – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Colnijhaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonyalismo" title="Kolonyalismo – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kolonyalismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="殖民主义 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="殖民主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კოლონიალიზმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოლონიალიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="קאלאניאליזם – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאלאניאליזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigminzcujyi" title="Cigminzcujyi – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cigminzcujyi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="殖民主义 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殖民主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-b%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bîn-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7167#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg/330px-De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg" decoding="async" width="330" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg/495px-De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg/660px-De_handelsloge_van_de_VOC_in_Hougly_in_Bengalen_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4282.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5972" data-file-height="3808" /></a><figcaption>一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E9%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商館 (無呢版)">商館</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%8F%A3%E6%B8%AF" title="轉口港">轉口港</a>嘅例子，說明殖民主義嘅唔同元素、階級同埋對土地同人嘅影響（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭共和國">荷蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷蘭東印度公司">V.O.C.</a> 喺1665年設於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9-%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%87%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡格利-朱奇拉 (無呢版)">胡格利-朱奇拉</a>（Bengal）嘅商館）</figcaption></figure> <p><b>殖民主義</b>係指外國勢力對當地人同資源嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%9D%E5%89%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剝削 (無呢版)">剝削</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Oster_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>殖民者壟斷政治權力，並視被征服嘅社會及其人民喺法律、行政、社會、文化甚至生物上低於佢哋。<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 雖然殖民主義經常作為一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="帝國主義">帝國主義</a>制度，但亦可以係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殖民定居 (無呢版)">殖民定居</a>嘅形式，殖民者會佔據同永久性咁取代原有社會，有時甚至會導致對<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="原住民">原住民</a>進行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殖民主義與種族滅絕 (無呢版)">種族滅絕</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_p._9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_2009_p.-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>殖民主義作為一種概念，主要係用嚟形容<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="近代">近代</a>所建立嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殖民帝國 (無呢版)">殖民帝國</a>，喺15世紀至20世紀中期之間全球擴張，喺1800年覆蓋地球35%嘅土地，喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>前夕更達到84%。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>歐洲殖民主義利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="重商主義">重商主義</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E8%A8%B1%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特許公司 (無呢版)">特許公司</a>，建立咗一套<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="權力殖民性 (無呢版)">權力殖民性</a>，令被殖民嘅社會喺經濟上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="他者 (無呢版)">異化</a>，而成為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%B1%AC" title="亞屬">亞屬</a>，透過現代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生命政治 (無呢版)">生命政治</a>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性別規範 (無呢版)">性別規範</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B6%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="父權制度 (無呢版)">父權制度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="種族歧視">種族</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%96%BE%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘疾歧視 (無呢版)">殘疾歧視</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="階級政治 (無呢版)">階級政治</a>等方面加以控制，導致<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交叉性 (無呢版)">交叉性</a>嘅暴力同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="歧視">歧視</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Stoler_1995_p._11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoler_1995_p.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abay_Soldatic_d999_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abay_Soldatic_d999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 殖民主義往往被認為係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文明使命 (無呢版)">文明使命</a>嘅一部分，以開發土地同人命為理由，基於優越感而進行，並且經常與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教使命 (無呢版)">基督教使命</a>有關。 </p><p>因為殖民主義影響廣泛，不同類型嘅殖民主義喺全球同歷史上多次出現，當初殖民主義係透過<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="母國 (無呢版)">母國</a>嘅劃分而建立起嚟嘅基本特徵。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%BB%E6%AE%96%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="去殖化 (無呢版)">去殖化</a>於18世紀開始，逐漸令各殖民地獲得獨立，而喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>結束之後，特別係1945至1975年，出現咗一波去殖高潮。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 殖民主義對現代社會嘅影響仍然深遠，不同嘅學者指出殖民制度之間嘅差異可以解釋<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="經濟發展">經濟發展</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政體類型</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone,_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg/220px-The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg/330px-The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg/440px-The_East_offering_its_riches_to_Britannia_-_Roma_Spiridone%2C_1778_-_BL_Foster_245.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%98%85%E7%8D%BB%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不列顛尼亞接受東方嘅獻禮 (無呢版)">不列顛尼亞接受東方嘅獻禮</a>》，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯皮里多尼·羅馬 (無呢版)">斯皮里多尼·羅馬</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國東印度公司">英國東印度公司</a>嘅董事會房間而畫</figcaption></figure> <p>殖民主義一詞最早係講男人移民同埋定居嘅種植地。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 到咗二十世紀初期，呢個詞嘅意思擴大到主要指歐洲帝國主義嘅擴張同埋對亞非民族嘅帝國統治。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯林斯英語字典 (無呢版)">柯林斯英語字典</a>》將殖民主義定義為「強國直接控制弱國並利用佢哋嘅資源嚟增強自己嘅權力同財富嘅做法」。<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>《韋氏百科字典》將殖民主義定義為「一個國家尋求擴張或保持對其他民族或領土嘅管治權嘅制度或政策」。<sup id="cite_ref-Webster_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%8B%E6%B0%8F%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韋氏詞典 (無呢版)">韋氏詞典</a>》提供咗四個定義，包括「殖民地嘅特徵」同埋「一個權力對從屬地區或人民嘅控制」。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯坦福哲學百科全書 (無呢版)">斯坦福哲學百科全書</a>》用呢個詞嚟「描述歐洲對世界其他地方嘅定居同政治控制嘅過程，包括美洲、澳洲同埋非洲同亞洲嘅部分地區」。佢討論咗殖民主義、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="帝國主義">帝國主義</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D" title="征服">征服</a>之間嘅區別，並指出「定義殖民主義嘅困難在於呢個詞經常被用作帝國主義嘅同義詞。殖民主義同帝國主義都係預期可以為歐洲帶嚟經濟同戰略利益嘅征服形式」，並繼續講「由於難以持續區分呢兩個詞，本條目會廣泛使用『殖民主義』嚟指由十六世紀到二十世紀、以六十年代民族解放運動結束嘅歐洲政治支配計劃」。<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%93%88%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤爾根·奧斯特哈梅爾 (無呢版)">尤爾根·奧斯特哈梅爾</a>嘅《殖民主義：理論概述》序言中，Roger Tignor話「對奧斯特哈梅爾嚟講，殖民主義嘅本質係殖民地嘅存在，根據定義，呢啲殖民地嘅管治方式同保護國或非正式影響範圍等其他領土唔同。」<sup id="cite_ref-Oster_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 喺書入面，奧斯特哈梅爾問：「點樣可以將『殖民主義』同『殖民地』分開定義？」<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 佢最後歸納出三句嘅定義： </p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float: none; padding: 0.3em 1em;"><p> 殖民主義係土著（或被強迫輸入）大多數同外來侵略者少數之間嘅關係。影響被殖民者生活嘅根本決定都係由殖民統治者為咗追求經常喺遙遠都市定義嘅利益而制定同實施。殖民者拒絕同被殖民人口進行文化妥協，佢哋確信自己嘅優越性同佢哋受命統治嘅使命。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>根據Julian Go嘅講法，「殖民主義指外國統治國家對一個社會同佢嘅人民嘅直接政治控制⋯⋯統治國壟斷政治權力，令到從屬社會同佢嘅人民處於法律上嘅劣勢。」<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 佢仲寫道，「殖民主義首先同最重要取決於核心國家對另一個領土同佢嘅居民宣布主權同／或領土佔領，而呢啲居民被歸類為低等臣民而唔係平等公民。」<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>根據David Strang嘅講法，去殖民化可以透過獲得國際社會法理承認嘅主權國家地位，或者透過完全併入現有嘅主權國家嚟實現。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏示"><span id=".E7.96.8F.E7.A4.BA"></span>疏示</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 疏示"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTignor2005" class="citation book cs1">Tignor, Roger (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CMfksrnWaUkC&pg=PR10"><i>Preface to Colonialism: a theoretical overview</i></a>. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-55876-340-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-55876-340-1"><bdi>978-1-55876-340-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2010搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preface+to+Colonialism%3A+a+theoretical+overview&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Markus+Weiner+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-340-1&rft.aulast=Tignor&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCMfksrnWaUkC%26pg%3DPR10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language</i>, 1989, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/colonialism">"Colonialism"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collins_English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collins English Dictionary (無呢版)">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=HarperCollins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HarperCollins (無呢版)">HarperCollins</a>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2012搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Colonialism&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcolonialism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_Kohn2017" class="citation web cs1">Margaret Kohn (29 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/">"Colonialism"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (無呢版)">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University (無呢版)">Stanford University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Colonialism&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft.au=Margaret+Kohn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fcolonialism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFRodney2018" class="citation book cs1">Rodney, Walter (2018). <i>How Europe underdeveloped Africa</i>. Verso Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-78873-119-5" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-78873-119-5"><bdi>978-1-78873-119-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1048081465">1048081465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Europe+underdeveloped+Africa&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1048081465&rft.isbn=978-1-78873-119-5&rft.aulast=Rodney&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGo2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Go, Julian (2007). "Colonialism (Neocolonialism)". 出自 Ritzer, George (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781405165518"><i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology</i></a> (英文) (第1版). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosc071">10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosc071</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4051-2433-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4051-2433-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-2433-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colonialism+%28Neocolonialism%29&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosc071&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2433-1&rft.aulast=Go&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1002%2F9781405165518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGo2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Go, Julian (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-science-history/article/reverberations-of-empire-how-the-colonial-past-shapes-the-present/178FA24536F578B3EFE2434DFDB87846">"Reverberations of Empire: How the Colonial Past Shapes the Present"</a>. <i>Social Science History</i> (英文). <b>48</b> (1): 1–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fssh.2023.37">10.1017/ssh.2023.37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0145-5532">0145-5532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&rft.atitle=Reverberations+of+Empire%3A+How+the+Colonial+Past+Shapes+the+Present&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fssh.2023.37&rft.issn=0145-5532&rft.aulast=Go&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fsocial-science-history%2Farticle%2Freverberations-of-empire-how-the-colonial-past-shapes-the-present%2F178FA24536F578B3EFE2434DFDB87846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamee2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">McNamee, Lachlan (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s-x8EAAAQBAJ"><i>Settling for Less: Why States Colonize and Why They Stop</i></a> (英文). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-23781-7" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-691-23781-7"><bdi>978-0-691-23781-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Settling+for+Less%3A+Why+States+Colonize+and+Why+They+Stop&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-691-23781-7&rft.aulast=McNamee&rft.aufirst=Lachlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds-x8EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobs_2009_p.-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_p._9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2009" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Margaret D. (2009-07-01). <i>White Mother to a Dark Race</i>. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press. pp. 24, 81, 421, 430. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8032-1100-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8032-1100-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-1100-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/268789976">268789976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Mother+to+a+Dark+Race&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=24%2C+81%2C+421%2C+430&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F268789976&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1100-1&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Margaret+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_T._Hoffman2015" class="citation book cs1">Philip T. Hoffman (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73zeBgAAQBAJ"><i>Why Did Europe Conquer the World?</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4008-6584-0" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4008-6584-0"><bdi>978-1-4008-6584-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Did+Europe+Conquer+the+World%3F&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6584-0&rft.au=Philip+T.+Hoffman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D73zeBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stoler_1995_p.-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stoler_1995_p._11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFStoler1995" class="citation book cs1">Stoler, Ann Laura (1995-10-04). <i>Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv11319d6">10.2307/j.ctv11319d6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8223-7771-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8223-7771-9"><bdi>978-0-8223-7771-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+the+Education+of+Desire%3A+Foucault%27s+History+of+Sexuality+and+the+Colonial+Order+of+Things&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1995-10-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv11319d6&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-7771-9&rft.aulast=Stoler&rft.aufirst=Ann+Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abay_Soldatic_d999-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Abay_Soldatic_d999_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAbaySoldatic" class="citation web cs1">Abay, Robel Afeworki; Soldatic, Karen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Intersectional-Colonialities-Embodied-Colonial-Violence-and-Practices-of-Resistance-at-the-Axis-of-Disability-Race-Indigeneity-Class-and-Gender/AfeworkiAbay-Soldatic/p/book/9781032247748">"Intersectional Colonialities: Embodied Colonial Violence and Practices of Resistance at the Axis of Disability, Race, Indigeneity, Class, and Gender"</a>. <i>Routledge & CRC Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2024-03-08</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.atitle=Intersectional+Colonialities%3A+Embodied+Colonial+Violence+and+Practices+of+Resistance+at+the+Axis+of+Disability%2C+Race%2C+Indigeneity%2C+Class%2C+and+Gender&rft.aulast=Abay&rft.aufirst=Robel+Afeworki&rft.au=Soldatic%2C+Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FIntersectional-Colonialities-Embodied-Colonial-Violence-and-Practices-of-Resistance-at-the-Axis-of-Disability-Race-Indigeneity-Class-and-Gender%2FAfeworkiAbay-Soldatic%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781032247748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFStrang1991" class="citation journal cs1">Strang, David (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2600949">"Global Patterns of Decolonization, 1500-1987"</a>. <i>International Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>35</b> (4): 429–454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2600949">10.2307/2600949</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-8833">0020-8833</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (無呢版)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2600949">2600949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Global+Patterns+of+Decolonization%2C+1500-1987&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=429-454&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0020-8833&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2600949%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2600949&rft.aulast=Strang&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2600949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFStrang1990" class="citation journal cs1">Strang, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2095750">"From Dependency to Sovereignty: An Event History Analysis of Decolonization 1870-1987"</a>. <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>55</b> (6): 846–860. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2095750">10.2307/2095750</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1224">0003-1224</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (無呢版)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2095750">2095750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=From+Dependency+to+Sovereignty%3A+An+Event+History+Analysis+of+Decolonization+1870-1987&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=846-860&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0003-1224&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095750%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2095750&rft.aulast=Strang&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAcemogluJohnsonRobinson2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.91.5.1369">"The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation"</a>. <i>American Economic Review</i> (英文). <b>91</b> (5): 1369–1401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.91.5.1369">10.1257/aer.91.5.1369</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8282">0002-8282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=The+Colonial+Origins+of+Comparative+Development%3A+An+Empirical+Investigation&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1369-1401&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.91.5.1369&rft.issn=0002-8282&rft.aulast=Acemoglu&rft.aufirst=Daron&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Simon&rft.au=Robinson%2C+James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Farticles%3Fid%3D10.1257%2Faer.91.5.1369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFNunn2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nunn, Nathan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143336">"The Importance of History for Economic Development"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Economics</i> (英文). <b>1</b> (1): 65–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.economics.050708.143336">10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143336</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-1383">1941-1383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Economics&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+History+for+Economic+Development&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-92&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.economics.050708.143336&rft.issn=1941-1383&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreviews.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.economics.050708.143336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFNunn2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nunn, Nathan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz9986">"The historical roots of economic development"</a>. <i>Science</i> (英文). <b>367</b> (6485). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaz9986">10.1126/science.aaz9986</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (無呢版)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32217703">32217703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+historical+roots+of+economic+development&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=6485&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32217703&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaz9986&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aaz9986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFLeePaine2024" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Alexander; Paine, Jack (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/colonial-origins-of-democracy-and-dictatorship/809A38273620DB49903539950F4D0191"><i>Colonial Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781009423526">10.1017/9781009423526</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-009-42353-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-009-42353-3"><bdi>978-1-009-42353-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Origins+of+Democracy+and+Dictatorship&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781009423526&rft.isbn=978-1-009-42353-3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Paine%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcolonial-origins-of-democracy-and-dictatorship%2F809A38273620DB49903539950F4D0191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSultan2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sultan, Nazmul (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/what-is-colonialism-the-dual-claims-of-a-twentiethcentury-political-category/BF7FC695ACEA231351212801F2FB2679">"What Is Colonialism? The Dual Claims of a Twentieth-Century Political Category"</a>. <i>American Political Science Review</i> (英文): 1–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055424000388">10.1017/S0003055424000388</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0554">0003-0554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=What+Is+Colonialism%3F+The+Dual+Claims+of+a+Twentieth-Century+Political+Category&rft.pages=1-14&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003055424000388&rft.issn=0003-0554&rft.aulast=Sultan&rft.aufirst=Nazmul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Famerican-political-science-review%2Farticle%2Fwhat-is-colonialism-the-dual-claims-of-a-twentiethcentury-political-category%2FBF7FC695ACEA231351212801F2FB2679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonialism">"Colonialism"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2010搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Colonialism&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcolonialism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFOsterhammel2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Osterhammel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Osterhammel (無呢版)">Osterhammel, Jürgen</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CMfksrnWaUkC&pg=PA15"><i>Colonialism: a theoretical overview</i></a>. trans. Shelley Frisch. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-55876-340-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-55876-340-1"><bdi>978-1-55876-340-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2010搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism%3A+a+theoretical+overview&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Markus+Weiner+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-340-1&rft.aulast=Osterhammel&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCMfksrnWaUkC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFOsterhammel2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Osterhammel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Osterhammel (無呢版)">Osterhammel, Jürgen</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CMfksrnWaUkC&pg=PA16"><i>Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview</i></a>. trans. Shelley Frisch. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-55876-340-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-55876-340-1"><bdi>978-1-55876-340-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2010搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism%3A+A+Theoretical+Overview&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Markus+Weiner+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-340-1&rft.aulast=Osterhammel&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCMfksrnWaUkC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFStrang1990" class="citation journal cs1">Strang, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2095750">"From Dependency to Sovereignty: An Event History Analysis of Decolonization 1870-1987"</a>. <i>American Sociological Review</i>. <b>55</b> (6): 846–860. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2095750">10.2307/2095750</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1224">0003-1224</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (無呢版)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2095750">2095750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=From+Dependency+to+Sovereignty%3A+An+Event+History+Analysis+of+Decolonization+1870-1987&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=846-860&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0003-1224&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095750%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2095750&rft.aulast=Strang&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2095750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a 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