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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yuknoom+Ch%CA%BCeen+II%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ajaw</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Yuknoom Che'en II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_(Jade,_Omphacite,_Green_Quartz,_and_diverse_Shell)..._Calakmul,_Late_Classic_(600-800_AD).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg/220px-Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg/330px-Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg/440px-Funerary_Mask_of_Yuknoom_Ch%27een_II_%28Jade%2C_Omphacite%2C_Green_Quartz%2C_and_diverse_Shell%29..._Calakmul%2C_Late_Classic_%28600-800_AD%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2895" data-file-height="3834" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Funerary mask of Yuknoom Ch'een II</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">King</a> of <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 636 - 686</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Head" title="Yuknoom Head">Yuknoom Head</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">11 September 600<br /><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">686<span style="display:none">(686-00-00)</span> (aged 85–86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a><br />Lady <a href="/wiki/Lady_K%27abel" title="Lady K'abel">K'abel, Queen of El Perú</a><br />A daughter, Queen of <a href="/wiki/La_Corona" title="La Corona">La Corona</a><br />U-Hand K'inich</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Snake dynasty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scroll_Serpent" title="Scroll Serpent">Scroll Serpent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maya_civilization" title="Category:Maya civilization">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #50C578;"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Maya civilization</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing of a Mayan stone carving with elaborate decoration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg/260px-MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg/390px-MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg/520px-MA_D293_Maya_stone_carving_from_Copan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Sacrifice in Maya culture">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_astronomy" title="Maya astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_stelae" title="Maya stelae">Stelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_dance" title="Maya dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preclassic_Maya" title="Preclassic Maya">Preclassic Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse" title="Classic Maya collapse">Classic Maya collapse</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish conquest of the Maya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG/12px-M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG/18px-M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG/24px-M%C3%A1scara_de_Xiuhtecuhtli_Cultura_Azteza-Mixteca_Ars_Summum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1296" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mesoamerica" title="Portal:Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maya_civilization" title="Template:Maya civilization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maya_civilization" title="Template talk:Maya civilization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maya_civilization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maya civilization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yuknoom Chʼeen II</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation"><span title="This word should have a pronunciation transcription or recording.">pronunciation?</span></a></i>]</sup> (September 11, 600 – 680s), known as <b>Yuknoom the Great</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> ruler of the Kaan kingdom, which had its capital at <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a> during the Classic Period of <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yuknoom was born on September 11, 600. His parents were possibly King <a href="/wiki/Scroll_Serpent" title="Scroll Serpent">Scroll Serpent</a> and his wife, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lady_Scroll-in-hand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lady Scroll-in-hand (page does not exist)">Lady Scroll-in-hand</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign">Reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As he acceded in AD 636 and his successor followed him upon the throne in 686, Yuknoom the Great is known to have ruled the Kaan kingdom for fifty years during the height of its power and ascendency over <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took the name of the Early Classic king <a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_I" title="Yuknoom Chʼeen I">Yuknoom Chʼeen I</a> upon his accession. </p><p>As Tikal was showing strong signs of recovering from the defeat of its king <a href="/wiki/Wak_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Wak Chan Kʼawiil">Wak Chan Kʼawiil</a> almost one hundred years earlier, Yuknoom exerted himself against Kaan's great rival; he accomplished this in the context of a division in Tikal's dynastic line whereby both <a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCalaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil">Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dos_Pilas" title="Dos Pilas">Dos Pilas</a> and his probable brother (or half-brother) <a href="/wiki/Nuun_Ujol_Chaak" title="Nuun Ujol Chaak">Nuun Ujol Chaak</a> of Tikal came to style themselves holy lords of Mutal. The initial circumstances of the relationship between Dos Pilas and Tikal are murky, but in 650 Bajlaj Chan Kʼawiil was attacked and driven from his city, and he came to acknowledge the Snake ruler as his overlord and ally in the factional dispute with Tikal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 657 Yuknoom Chʼeen turned his attention to Tikal and vanquished it in a "<a href="/wiki/Star_war" title="Star war">star war</a>" encounter, as a consequence of which Nuun Ujol Chaak must have pledged some form of fealty, because both he and Bajlaj Chan Kʼawiil subsequently attended a ritual performed by Calakmul prince <a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a>. But then in 672 the Tikal king asserted his independence by ousting Bajlaj Chan Kʼawiil from Dos Pilas and pursuing him as he sought refuge at other sites. <a href="/wiki/Calakmul" title="Calakmul">Calakmul</a> then intervened in 677 and dealt Nuun Ujol Chaak a second defeat, which was followed in 679 by a decisive vanquishment at the hands of Dos Pilas, almost certainly with Calakmul aid. </p><p>The following year brought turmoil to another region of Kaan's hegemony; <a href="/wiki/Naranjo" title="Naranjo">Naranjo</a>, which had defected from its vassal status after the death of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aj_Wosal_Chan_K%CA%BCinich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aj Wosal Chan Kʼinich (page does not exist)">Aj Wosal Chan Kʼinich</a> and had been punished by the defeat of its thirty-sixth ruler, had recovered sufficiently for the thirty-seventh to attack Kaan's client <a href="/wiki/Caracol" title="Caracol">Caracol</a>. Retribution seems to have followed swiftly, however, as the royal lineage of Naranjo was terminated within two years, ultimately to be replaced by the grandson of Bajlaj Chan Kʼawiil. </p><p>Yuknoom Chʼeen's superordinate status was recognized in inscriptions at a number of sites, while it is probable that a great many other such mentions are lost to us. He sponsored three generations of <a href="/wiki/Cancuen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancuen">Cancuen</a> rulers and oversaw the accessions of two of them in 656 and 677. And far to the west of Calakmul, the accession of a king at Moral-Reforma in 662 took place under the auspices of Kaan, an event apparently coordinated with an attack by <a href="/wiki/Piedras_Negras_(Maya_site)" title="Piedras Negras (Maya site)">Piedras Negras</a> on Moral-Reforma's neighbor Santa Elena that same year — an inscription at Piedras Negras mentions Calakmul six days before this event. An emissary of Yuknoom Chʼeen also supervised a ritual at Piedras Negras in 685. </p><p>Yuknoom the Great was well into his eighties when he died, and it is likely that many of the successes of his later years were actually the achievements of his successor, Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relations with <a href="/wiki/La_Corona" title="La Corona">La Corona</a> were enhanced when a daughter of Yuknoom Chʼeen married a lord of that site in 679. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin and Grube 2008:108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens by Simon Martin and Nikolai Grube (2008:56-57, 74-75, 94-95, 108-9)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maya_civilization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maya" title="Template:Maya"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maya" title="Template talk:Maya"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maya"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maya_civilization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">Maya civilization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preclassic_Maya" title="Preclassic Maya">Preclassic Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse" title="Classic Maya collapse">Classic Maya collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish conquest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/80px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/120px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/160px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramid complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_graffiti" title="Ancient Maya graffiti">Graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_ceramics" title="Maya ceramics">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_dance" title="Maya dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="Economy of the Maya civilization">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maritime trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_language" title="Classic Maya language">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayan_languages" title="List of Mayan languages">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayanist" title="Mayanist">Mayanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_sites" title="List of Maya sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_stelae" title="Maya stelae">Stelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society"><span style="color:white">Society</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_in_Maya_society" title="Childhood in Maya society">Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Maya_society" title="Women in Maya society">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwifery_in_Maya_society" title="Midwifery in Maya society">Midwifery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_priesthood" title="Maya priesthood">Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Sacrifice in Maya culture">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_rituals" title="Maya death rituals">Death rituals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_social_classes" title="Maya social classes">Social classes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_households" title="Maya households">Households</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar"><span style="color:white">Calendar</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baktun" title="Baktun">Baktun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCatun" title="Kʼatun">Kʼatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCin" title="Kʼin">Kʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_(Maya_calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun (Maya calendar)">Tun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winal" title="Winal">Winal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Cakchiquels" title="Annals of the Cakchiquels">Annals of the Cakchiquels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilam_Balam" title="Chilam Balam">Chilam Balam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_codices" title="Maya codices">Codices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Codex" title="Dresden Codex"><i>Dresden</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Codex_of_Mexico" title="Maya Codex of Mexico"><i>Grolier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Codex_(Maya)" title="Madrid Codex (Maya)"><i>Madrid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Codex" title="Paris Codex"><i>Paris</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabinal_Ach%C3%AD" title="Rabinal Achí">Rabinal Achí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Bacabs" title="Ritual of the Bacabs">Ritual of the Bacabs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Dzitbalch%C3%A9" title="Songs of Dzitbalché">Songs of Dzitbalché</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_C%CA%BCoyoi" title="Título Cʼoyoi">Título Cʼoyoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_de_Totonicap%C3%A1n" title="Título de Totonicapán">Título de Totonicapán</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings"><span style="color:white">Deities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bacab" title="Bacab">Bacab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaac" title="Chaac">Chaac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_gods" title="Maya death gods">Death gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goddess_I" title="Goddess I">Goddess I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_Hero_Twins" title="Maya Hero Twins">Hero Twins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey_gods" title="Howler monkey gods">Howler monkey gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_jaguar_gods" title="Maya jaguar gods">Jaguar gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCawiil" title="Kʼawiil">Kʼawiil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kinich_Ahau" title="Kinich Ahau">Kinich Ahau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_maize_god" title="Maya maize god">Maize god</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mam_(Maya_mythology)" title="Mam (Maya mythology)">Mam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">Moon goddess</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yopaat" title="Yopaat">Yopaat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acat_(deity)" title="Acat (deity)">Acat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ah-Muzen-Cab" title="Ah-Muzen-Cab">Ah-Muzen-Cab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Akna_(Maya_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akna (Maya mythology)">Akna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chin_(deity)" title="Chin (deity)">Chin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixtab" title="Ixtab">Ixtab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kukulkan" title="Kukulkan">Kukulkan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yum_Kaax" title="Yum Kaax">Yum Kaax</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><i>Popol Vuh</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Awilix" title="Awilix">Awilix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Camazotz" title="Camazotz">Camazotz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hun_Hunahpu" title="Hun Hunahpu">Hun Hunahpu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huracan" title="Huracan">Huracan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacawitz" title="Jacawitz">Jacawitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCuq%CA%BCumatz" title="Qʼuqʼumatz">Qʼuqʼumatz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tohil" title="Tohil">Tohil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vucub_Caquix" title="Vucub Caquix">Vucub Caquix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc" title="Xmucane and Xpiacoc">Xmucane and Xpiacoc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xquic" title="Xquic">Xquic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zipacna" title="Zipacna">Zipacna</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Kings_and_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya Kings and Queens"><span style="color:white">Kings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCalaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil">Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%CA%BC_K%CA%BCin_Xook" title="Haʼ Kʼin Xook">Haʼ Kʼin Xook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzam_K%CA%BCan_Ahk_II" title="Itzam Kʼan Ahk II">Itzam Kʼan Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCak%CA%BC_Tiliw_Chan_Yopaat" title="Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat">Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yat_Ahk_II" title="Kʼinich Yat Ahk II">Kʼinich Yat Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yax_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC_Mo%CA%BC" title="Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ">Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_I" title="Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I">Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_III" title="Yoʼnal Ahk III">Yoʼnal Ahk III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yuknoom Chʼeen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_rulers_in_Maya_society" title="Women rulers in Maya society"><span style="color:white">Queens</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Eveningstar" title="Lady Eveningstar">Lady Eveningstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Itzan" title="Lady of Itzan">Lady of Itzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Tikal" title="Lady of Tikal">Lady of Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Xoc" title="Lady Xoc">Lady Xoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC" title="Sak Kʼukʼ">Sak Kʼukʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wak_Chanil_Ajaw" title="Wak Chanil Ajaw">Wak Chanil Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohl_Ik%CA%BCnal" title="Yohl Ikʼnal">Yohl Ikʼnal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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