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id="toc-Genitals_(male)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genitals_(male)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Genitals (male)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genitals_(male)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breasts_(female)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breasts_(female)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Breasts (female)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breasts_(female)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pubic_hair_(both_male_and_female)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pubic_hair_(both_male_and_female)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pubic hair (both male and female)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pubic_hair_(both_male_and_female)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Height" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Height"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Height</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Height-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanner scale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannerskaal" title="Tannerskaal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tannerskaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1" title="مرحلة تانر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرحلة تانر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannerova_stupnice" title="Tannerova stupnice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tannerova stupnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanner-Stadien" title="Tanner-Stadien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tanner-Stadien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_de_Tanner" title="Escala de Tanner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escala de Tanner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1" title="مقیاس تانر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقیاس تانر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_de_Tanner" title="Classification de Tanner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification de Tanner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EB%84%88_%EC%B2%99%EB%8F%84" title="태너 척도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태너 척도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_di_Tanner" title="Scala di Tanner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scala di Tanner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="שלבי טאנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלבי טאנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannerstadia" title="Tannerstadia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tannerstadia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E6%AE%B5%E9%9A%8E" title="タナー段階 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タナー段階" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Tannera" title="Skala Tannera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala Tannera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_de_Tanner" title="Escala de Tanner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escala de Tanner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шкала Таннера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шкала Таннера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannerskalan" title="Tannerskalan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tannerskalan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanner_%C3%B6l%C3%A7e%C4%9Fi" title="Tanner ölçeği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tanner ölçeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шкала Теннера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкала Теннера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang_%C4%91o_Tanner" title="Thang đo Tanner – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thang đo Tanner" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%AD%E7%BA%B3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="谭纳标准 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="谭纳标准" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1340426#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Physical development scale of children, adolescents, and adults</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical diagnostic method </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Tanner scale</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tanner stages</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Defines physical measurements of development</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tanner scale</b> (also known as the <b>Tanner stages</b> or <b>sexual maturity rating</b> (<b>SMR</b>)) is a scale of <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">physical development</a> as <a href="/wiki/Pre-pubescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-pubescent">pre-pubescent</a> <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a> transition into <a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">adolescence</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Adult" title="Adult">adulthood</a>. The scale defines <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">physical measurements</a> of development based on external <a href="/wiki/Primary_sex_characteristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sex characteristic">primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristic" title="Secondary sex characteristic">secondary sex characteristics</a>, such as the size of the <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breasts</a>, length of the <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>, volume of the <a href="/wiki/Testes" class="mw-redirect" title="Testes">testes</a>, and growth of <a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">pubic hair</a>. This scale was first quantified in 1969 by <a href="/wiki/James_Mourilyan_Tanner" title="James Mourilyan Tanner">James Tanner</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Pediatrician" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediatrician">pediatrician</a>, after a two-decade-long study following the physical changes in girls undergoing <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid5440182_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5440182-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid5785179_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5785179-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:493px;max-width:493px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Tanner scale</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg/200px-Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg/300px-Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg/400px-Tanner_scale_male_intact.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Illustration for males</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:287px;max-width:287px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanner_scale-female.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tanner_scale-female.svg/285px-Tanner_scale-female.svg.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tanner_scale-female.svg/428px-Tanner_scale-female.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tanner_scale-female.svg/570px-Tanner_scale-female.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Illustration for females</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Due to <a href="/wiki/Human_variability" title="Human variability">natural variation</a>, individuals pass through the Tanner stages at different rates, depending in particular on the timing of <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>. Among researchers who study puberty, the Tanner scale is commonly considered the "gold standard" for assessing pubertal status when it is conducted by a trained medical examiner.<sup id="cite_ref-Puberty_and_Its_Measurement_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puberty_and_Its_Measurement-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> treatment, the Tanner scale is used to determine which regimen to follow for pediatric or adolescent patients on <a href="/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Management of HIV/AIDS">antiretroviral therapy</a> (adult, adolescent, or pediatric guidelines).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tanner scale has also been used in forensics to determine aging, but its usage has decreased due to lack of reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stages">Stages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adapted from <i>Adolescent Health Care: A Practical Guide</i> by Lawrence Neinstein.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genitals_(male)"><span id="Genitals_.28male.29"></span>Genitals (male)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genitals (male)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png/350px-Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png/525px-Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png/700px-Male_genitalia_five_Tanner_stages.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Photos of the Tanner scale for males.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Tanner I</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicular</a> volume less than 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Liter" class="mw-redirect" title="Liter">ml</a>; small <a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">penis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">prepubertal</a>)</dd> <dt>Tanner II</dt> <dd>testicular volume between 1.6 and 6 ml; skin on scrotum thins, reddens and enlarges; penis length unchanged</dd> <dt>Tanner III</dt> <dd>testicular volume between 6 and 12 ml; scrotum enlarges further; penis begins to lengthen</dd> <dt>Tanner IV</dt> <dd>testicular volume between 12 and 20 ml; scrotum enlarges further and darkens; penis further increases in length and starts to increase in breadth</dd> <dt>Tanner V</dt> <dd>testicular volume greater than or equal to 20 ml; adult scrotum and penis</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breasts_(female)"><span id="Breasts_.28female.29"></span>Breasts (female)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Breasts (female)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg/240px-Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg/360px-Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg/480px-Female_breasts_five_Tanner_stages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Photos of the Tanner scale for females</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Tanner I</dt> <dd>no glandular tissue: <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areola</a> follows the skin contours of the chest (<a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">prepubertal</a>)</dd> <dt>Tanner II</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thelarche" title="Thelarche">breast bud</a> forms, with small area of surrounding glandular tissue; areola begins to widen</dd> <dt>Tanner III</dt> <dd>breast begins to become more elevated, and extends beyond the borders of the areola, which continues to widen but remains in contour with surrounding breast</dd> <dt>Tanner IV</dt> <dd>increased breast sizing and elevation; areola and <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">papilla</a> form a secondary mound projecting from the contour of the surrounding breast</dd> <dt>Tanner V</dt> <dd>breast reaches final adult size; areola returns to contour of the surrounding breast, with a projecting central papilla</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pubic_hair_(both_male_and_female)"><span id="Pubic_hair_.28both_male_and_female.29"></span>Pubic hair (both male and female)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pubic hair (both male and female)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Tanner I</dt> <dd>no pubic hair at all (<a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">prepubertal</a>)</dd> <dt>Tanner II</dt> <dd>small amount of long, downy hair with slight pigmentation at the base of the <a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">penis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a> (males) or on the <a href="/wiki/Labia_majora" title="Labia majora">labia majora</a> (females)</dd> <dt>Tanner III</dt> <dd>hair becomes more coarse and curly, and begins to extend laterally</dd> <dt>Tanner IV</dt> <dd>adult-like hair quality, extending across <a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">pubis</a> but sparing medial thighs</dd> <dt>Tanner V</dt> <dd>hair extends to medial surface of the thighs</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Height">Height</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Height"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Tanner V, females stop growing and reach their adult height. Usually, this happens in their mid teens at 14 or 15 years for females. </p><p>Males also stop growing and reach their adult height during Tanner V; usually this happens in their late teens at 16 to 17 years, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but can be a lot later, even into the early 20s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_data">Historical data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970, boys reached the last Tanner stage, the postpubertal stage, on average at the age of 14.9 years and girls around the age of 14 depending on social class and the particular study.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nearly fifty years since those studies, the ages at which children are beginning puberty has only declined: (as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) "The age of puberty, especially female puberty, has been decreasing in western cultures for decades now [...] for example, at the turn of the 20th century, the average age for an American girl to get her period was 16 or 17. Today, that number has decreased to 12 or 13 years."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scale has been criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a> industry for its potential to lead to false <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> convictions, such as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic actress">pornographic actress</a> <a href="/wiki/Lupe_Fuentes" title="Lupe Fuentes">Lupe Fuentes</a> where in 2009 United States federal authorities used it to assert that she was not an adult despite her age. Fuentes personally appeared at the trial and provided documentation that showed that the DVDs in question were legally produced.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanner, the author of the classification system, has argued that age classification using the stages of the scale misrepresents the intended use. Tanner stages do not match with chronological age, but rather maturity stages and thus are not diagnostic for age estimation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9882230_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9882230-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_puberty" title="Delayed puberty">Delayed puberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precocious_puberty" title="Precocious puberty">Precocious puberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">Vellus hair</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanner_scale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/3082.html">Tanner's stages</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Whonamedit%3F" title="Whonamedit?">Whonamedit?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid5440182-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid5440182_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="302" data-mwtitle="En-tanner-scale.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-tanner-scale.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-tanner-scale.ogg/En-tanner-scale.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" 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href="https://fpnotebook.com/Endo/Exam/MlTnrStg.htm">The Male Tanner stages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fpnotebook.com/Endo/Exam/FmlTnrStg.htm">The Female Tanner stages</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afraidtoask.com/vulva/">"Line drawing of female Tanner stages (genitals)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Line+drawing+of+female+Tanner+stages+%28genitals%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afraidtoask.com%2Fvulva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATanner+scale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afraidtoask.com/penis/">"Line drawing of male Tanner 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">Development of the<br /> reproductive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation_in_humans" title="Sexual differentiation in humans">Sexual differentiation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">Feminization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virilization" title="Virilization">Virilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadarche" title="Gonadarche">Gonadarche</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanner scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubarche" title="Pubarche">Pubarche</a></li> <li><a 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endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology<br />and infertility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93prolactin_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis">Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelarche" title="Thelarche">Thelarche</a></li> 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