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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_da_Procida" title="Giovanni da Procida – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Giovanni da Procida" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιωάννης Προκίδας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης Προκίδας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Procida" title="Juan de Procida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan de Procida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_da_Procida" title="Giovanni da Procida – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Giovanni da Procida" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_Procida" title="Jean de Procida – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean de Procida" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_da_Procida" title="Giovanni da Procida – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni da Procida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_de_Procida" title="Iohannes de Procida – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes de Procida" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جون بروسيدا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون بروسيدا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Pr%C3%B3cida" title="João de Prócida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João de Prócida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Джованни да Прочида – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джованни да Прочида" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuvanni_da_Procida" title="Giuvanni da Procida – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giuvanni da Procida" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg/220px-Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg/330px-Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg/440px-Giovanni_da_Procida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Reproduction of the profile present in the <a href="/wiki/Salerno_Cathedral" title="Salerno Cathedral"><i>Duomo</i> of Salerno</a> (Michele Parascandolo. <i>Storia di Procida</i>, <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>, 1893).</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the play by John Sheridan Knowles, see <a href="/wiki/John_of_Procida_(play)" title="John of Procida (play)">John of Procida (play)</a>.</div> <p><b>John of Procida</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Giovanni da Procida</i>) (1210–1298) was an Italian medieval physician and diplomat. </p><p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, educated in the <a href="/wiki/Schola_Medica_Salernitana" title="Schola Medica Salernitana">Schola Medica</a> as a physician. He was a noted physician for his age and received a professorial chair at this university. He came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, who was patron of the university, and he eventually became Frederick's personal physician and attended him to his death.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also personal physician to Cardinal John Orsini, the future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a>. Being noticed for his intelligence and pragmatism, he rose through the diplomatic ranks in the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>. He was actually John III, son of John II of Procida and Clemenza Logoteta, of the family of the lords of the island of <a href="/wiki/Procida" title="Procida">Procida</a>. </p><p>He was originally a counsellor of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> and was entrusted with the education of Frederick's son <a href="/wiki/Manfred_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred of Sicily">Manfred</a>. He was at Manfred's side until his defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benevento" title="Battle of Benevento">Battle of Benevento</a> in 1266. In that year he went to <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, Italy and arranged the marriage of his daughter to the Neapolitan <a href="/wiki/Guelphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelphs">Guelph</a>, Bartholomew Caracciolo, and then served with the Hohenstaufen army. After the defeat of the Hohenstaufens at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tagliacozzo" title="Battle of Tagliacozzo">Tagliacozzo</a> he escaped to Venice. His estates were confiscated by Charles; and his wife and daughter were mistreated or raped by the French knight sent to evict them and one of his sons murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1269 or 1270 he was in Germany trying to drum up support for the return of the Hohenstaufen to the throne of Sicily. While existing Sicilian legends overplay John of Procida's role in the dramatic politics of this time, Runciman concurs that he was at the centre of a "vast political conspiracy" in support of the House of Hohenstaufen (backed by the Byzantines and their Genoese allies) and against Charles of Anjou and his ally the Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1279 and 1280 John (or, as Runciman argues, one of his sons at his behest<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of King Peter of Aragon and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII Palaeologus">Michael VIII Palaeologus</a>. Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval and so diplomatic efforts turned to Rome, where he gained the consent of Pope Nicholas III, who feared the ascent of <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mezzogiorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzogiorno">Mezzogiorno</a>. John of Procida then returned to Barcelona. The result of these travels was to link Byzantine gold and Genoese assistance behind Aragonese ambitions in Sicily. Through John's secret diplomatic actions the conditions were set for the 1282 uprising of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a> which destroyed Charles' crusading invasion fleet (aimed first at recapturing Constantinople) at anchor in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, providing the conditions for the security of Constantinople and the ability of <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III</a> to recover the island. </p><p>On 2 February 1283, Peter, who had invaded Sicily in the wake of the Vespers uprising, nominated John as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Grand Chancellor</a>. He was put in charge of the island when Peter went to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to take up a challenge by Charles later that year. All this did not stop the aged diplomat from continuing his frenetic activity at the varied courts of Europe's monarchs. It was on one of these trips that he died, at Rome, at the age of eighty-eight years, in 1298. </p><p>The legacy of John of Procida is controversial. <i><a href="/wiki/Lu_rebellamentu_di_Sichilia" title="Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia">Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sicilian-language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian-language">Sicilian-language</a> tract from 1290, lauds him highly and it may well be his own memoir as dictated to a scribe.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is more typically portrayed, particularly by <a href="/wiki/Guelphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelphs">Guelph</a> partisans, as <i>cospiratore contro l'autorità costituita</i>, a "conspirator against the constitutional authority", as in the <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscan language">Tuscan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Jani_de_Procida_et_Palialoco" title="Liber Jani de Procida et Palialoco">Liber Jani de Procida et Palialoco</a></i>, which presents him in negotiations with Michael VIII, and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Leggenda_di_Messer_Gianni_di_Procida" title="Leggenda di Messer Gianni di Procida">Leggenda di Messer Gianni di Procida</a></i>, written by a <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modenese</a> Guelph. His reputation has experienced a bit of a rehabilitation, and he has been called one of the first politicians and diplomats in the modern senses of the terms. Clearly, his diplomatic role was important: the Sicilian uprising began the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a>, the "world war" of the 13th century, a key event in the subsequent history of Europe. </p><p>According to legend, he was in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> <i>incognito</i> on 29 October 1268, when they executed <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a>. He supposedly recovered the <i>guanto di sfida</i> (gauntlet) Conradin threw into the crowd before his execution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Procida&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chaytor, H. J. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/achistory.htm"><i>A History of Aragon and Catalonia</i>.</a> London: Methuen.</li> <li>Mendola, Louis. <i>Sicily's Rebellion against King Charles</i>. New York, 2015. Translation of <a href="/wiki/Lu_rebellamentu_di_Sichilia" title="Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia">Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a>. <i>The Sicilian Vespers</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1958.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Procida&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, p. 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendola, p. xxii</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/100942962">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012151932">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Giovanni : da Procida"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CUBV092890">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk20191046858&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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