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<span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1261" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1261"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1261</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1261-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Mongol Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Isles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Isles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.4</span> <span>British Isles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Isles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1262" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1262"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1262</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1262-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Mongol Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_Culture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_Culture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Arts and Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_Culture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.2</span> <span>Markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.4</span> <span>Science and Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1263" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1263"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1263</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1263-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_Culture_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_Culture_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Arts and Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_Culture_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Markets_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markets_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.3</span> <span>Markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markets_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1264" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1264"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1264</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1264-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Isles_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Isles_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>British Isles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Isles_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.4</span> <span>Mongol Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1265" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1265"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1265</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1265-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Africa_and_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa_and_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>North Africa and Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Africa_and_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1266" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1266"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1266</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1266-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.5</span> <span>America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1267" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1267"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1267</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1267-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_and_North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Asia and North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1268" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1268"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>1268</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1268-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>War and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1269" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1269"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>1269</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1269-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.2</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1260s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1260" title="عقد 1260 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1260" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1260" title="Anyos 1260 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1260" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1260" title="Década del 1260 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1260" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-an" title="1260-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1260-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১২৬০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৬০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1260 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1260 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D1%8F" title="1260-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1260-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D1%8F" title="1260-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1260-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-e" title="1260-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1260-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1260" title="Bloavezhioù 1260 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1260" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1260" title="Dècada del 1260 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1260" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1260-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1260-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260au" title="1260au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1260au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%27erne" title="1260'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1260'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1260" title="عوام 1260 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1260" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260er" title="1260er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1260er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260._aastad" title="1260. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1260. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1260" title="An 1260 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1260" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1260 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1260 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1260" title="Años 1260 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1260" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-aj_jaroj" title="1260-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1260-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260ko_hamarkada" title="1260ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1260ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B6%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۲۶۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۲۶۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%C3%A1rini" title="1260-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1260-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1260" title="Années 1260 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1260" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260id%C3%AD" title="1260idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1260idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260an" title="1260an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1260an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1260" title="Década de 1260 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1260" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1260年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1260年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1260년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1260년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1260a" title="Yari 1260a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1260a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-an" title="1260-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1260-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1261-1270" title="1261-1270 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1261-1270" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1260" title="Anni 1260 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1260" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-13" title="שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-13 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-13" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-an" title="1260-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1260-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1260-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1260-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1260" title="Miaka ya 1260 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1260" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1260-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1260-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_am%C5%BEiaus_7-as_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XIII amžiaus 7-as dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XIII amžiaus 7-as dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1260" title="Anni 1260 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1260" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-as_%C3%A9vek" title="1260-as évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1260-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1260-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1260-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १२६० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १२६० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1260-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1260-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1260" title="عقد 1260 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1260" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-an" title="1260-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1260-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1260 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1260 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-1269" title="1260-1269 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1260-1269" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1260年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1260年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%C3%A5rene" title="1260-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1260-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1260" title="Annaées 1260 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1260" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1260 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1260 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-lar" title="1260-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1260-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1260" title="Década de 1260 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1260" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1260" title="Anii 1260 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1260" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_watakuna" title="1260 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1260 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1260-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1260-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D1%81" title="1260-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1260-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260s" title="1260s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1260s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1260" title="Vitet 1260 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1260" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260ini" title="1260ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1260ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260s" title="1260s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1260s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/60._roky_13._storo%C4%8Dia" title="60. roky 13. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="60. roky 13. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260." title="1260. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1260." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D0%B5" title="1260-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1260-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-e" title="1260-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1260-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-an" title="1260-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1260-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-luku" title="1260-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1260-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-talet" title="1260-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1260-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1260-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1260-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1260" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1260 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1260" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1260_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1260 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1260 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1260ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1260ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1260-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1260-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1260ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1260ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1260" title="Thập niên 1260 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1260" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1260" title="Anêyes 1260 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1260" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260_nga_dekada" title="1260 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1260 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1260年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1260年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1260年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1260年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1260%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1260年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1260年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81343#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1240s" title="1240s">1240s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1250s" title="1250s">1250s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1260s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1270s" title="1270s">1270s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1280s" title="1280s">1280s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1260" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1260">1260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1261" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1261">1261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1262" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1262">1262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1263" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1263">1263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1264" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1264">1264</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1265" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1265">1265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1266" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1266">1266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1267" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1267">1267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1268" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1268">1268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1269" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1269">1269</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1260s_births" title="Category:1260s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1260s_deaths" title="Category:1260s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1260s_by_country" title="Category:1260s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1260s_establishments" title="Category:1260s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1260s_disestablishments" title="Category:1260s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1260s</b> is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1260">1260</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1260&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Saif ad-Din Qutuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> sultan of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a>, who seizes power for himself.<sup id="cite_ref-:0a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The civil servant and bard longing for lost <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Abbar" title="Ibn al-Abbar">Ibn al-Abbar</a>, is burnt at the stake by the <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-:1a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arba%27a_Rukun_Mosque" title="Arba'a Rukun Mosque">Arba'a Rukun Mosque</a> is completed in Mogadishu. The Arba'a Rukun Mosque (Arabic: أربع ركون), also known as Arba Rucun, is a mosque in the medieval district Shangani, Mogadishu, Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War</a> begins between <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a>, for the title of <a href="/wiki/Great_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Khan">Great Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> becomes a claimant to the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, after the death of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> River is destroyed, by a Chinese army of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a>. Chancellor Jia Sidao imprisons the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight will not be forgotten by Kublai, but he is unable to assault the Song, due to the civil war with his rival brother <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Battle of Ain Jalut</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluks</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. <a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Muhanna" title="Isa ibn Muhanna">Isa ibn Muhanna</a> is appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-%CA%BFarab" title="Amir al-ʿarab">amir al-ʿarab</a></i> under the Mamluks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese era</a> <i>Jingding</i> begins and ends in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> of China.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgen" title="Shōgen">Shōgen</a> era ends, and the <a href="/wiki/Bun%27%C5%8D" title="Bun'ō">Bun'ō</a> era begins.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kressenbrunn" title="Battle of Kressenbrunn">Battle of Kressenbrunn</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Styria</a> from King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Samogitians" title="Samogitians">Samogitians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curonians" title="Curonians">Curonians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> decisively defeat the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Durbe" title="Battle of Durbe">Battle of Durbe</a>. This leads the <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a> Island to once again rebel against the Livonian Order.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montaperti" title="Battle of Montaperti">Battle of Montaperti</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Sienese</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghibellines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibellines">Ghibellines</a>, supported by the forces of King <a href="/wiki/Manfred_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a>, defeat the <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> <a href="/wiki/Guelphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelphs">Guelphs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – Second of the two major <a href="/wiki/Prussian_uprisings" title="Prussian uprisings">Prussian uprisings</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Old Prussian</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a> begins.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a> is divided into <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg">Saxony-Lauenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxony-Wittenberg">Saxony-Wittenberg</a>, marking the end of the first Saxon state.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>War breaks out in the <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> (in modern-day Switzerland), as the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Sion">Bishopry of Sion</a> defends against an invasion by the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in the union with Hungary">Croatia</a> is divided into two sub-regions ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ban_(title)" title="Ban (title)">ban</a>: the Croatian region on the south and Slavonian region on the north, by King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arts_and_culture"> Arts and culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Chartres">Cathedral of Chartres</a> is dedicated in the presence of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> (the cathedral is now a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> compiles his work, the <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></i>, a late <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> best-seller.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> <i>Christ between the Virgin and St Minias</i> is made on the facade of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Miniato_al_Monte" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di San Miniato al Monte">Basilica di San Miniato al Monte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">musical theorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a> publishes <i>Ars Cantus Mensurabilis</i>, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation, in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Construction begins on the <a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_Cathedral" title="Dunkeld Cathedral">Dunkeld Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a>, Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Construction begins on the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Meißen">Meißen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pisano" title="Nicola Pisano">Nicola Pisano</a> sculpts the <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_in_the_Pisa_Baptistery" title="Pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery">pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The newly formed <a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> adopts <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The advent of the Age of the Holy Spirit predicted by <a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a>, according to his interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, chapter 6.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1261">1261</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1261&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nymphaeum_(1261)" title="Treaty of Nymphaeum (1261)">Treaty of Nymphaeum</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> signs a trade and defense agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>, to counterweight the Venetian presence in the region. Genoa agrees to ally with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a>, by providing a fleet of up to 50 galleys during the projected Nicaean siege of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, while 16 galleys are to be immediately sent against the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – Michael sends his general <a href="/wiki/Alexios_Strategopoulos" title="Alexios Strategopoulos">Alexios Strategopoulos</a> with a small advance force of 800 soldiers, most of them Cumans, to keep watch on the Bulgarians and scout the defending positions of the Latin forces in the surroundings of Constantinople. When they reach the village of <a href="/wiki/Silivri" title="Silivri">Selymbria</a>, Strategopoulos is informed by local farmers that the entire Latin garrison and the Venetian fleet, are absent conducting a raid against the Nicaean island of <a href="/wiki/Kefken_Island" title="Kefken Island">Daphnousia</a>. He decides not to lose such a golden opportunity and makes plans (without the consent of Michael) to retake the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_Constantinople" title="Reconquest of Constantinople">Reconquest of Constantinople</a>: Alexios Strategopoulos and his men hide at a monastery near the city gates, before entering through a secret passage. After a short struggle, the guards who are completely taken by surprise are killed and the Venetian quarter is set ablaze. Panic spreads through the capital and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II,_Latin_Emperor" title="Baldwin II, Latin Emperor">Baldwin II</a> rushes out to save his life, evacuating along with many other Latins with the help of the Venetian fleet. Baldwin manages to escape to the still Latin-held parts of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, but Constantinople is lost for good.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – Michael enters Constantinople in triumph and is crowned as emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>. To solidify his claim, the legitimate ruler, <a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a>, is blinded on Michael's orders on <a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a>, his 11th birthday. Michael banishes him to a monastery and marries his two sisters to lesser Latin and Bulgarian nobles in an attempt to wipe out the <a href="/wiki/Laskaris" title="Laskaris">Laskarid</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mongol_Empire"> Mongol Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> releases 75 Chinese merchants who were captured along the border of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. By doing this, Kublai hopes to bolster his popularity and depend on the cooperation of his Chinese subjects to ensure that his army receives more resources.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">Al-Mustansir II</a> becomes the first Abbasid ruler in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> (after his escape during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Baghdad (1258)">Siege of Baghdad</a>). He is sent with an army by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> to recover <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, but is killed in a Mongol ambush near <a href="/wiki/Anbar_(town)" title="Anbar (town)">Anbar</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>), on <a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a>. The Abbasid caliphs continue as religious figureheads for the Mamluks in <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> until the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="British_Isles"> British Isles</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> obtains a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> to absolve himself from his oath to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Provisions_of_Oxford" title="Provisions of Oxford">Provisions of Oxford</a>. He hires an army of 300 French knights as a bodyguard and takes up position in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. He dismisses the baronial officials (led by <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a>) who wish the royal power to be modified by the principle of representation. This sets the stage for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_144_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology_144-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callann" title="Battle of Callann">Battle of Callann</a> in Ireland: Norman forces under <a href="/wiki/John_FitzGerald,_1st_Baron_Desmond" class="mw-redirect" title="John FitzGerald, 1st Baron Desmond">John FitzThomas</a> are defeated by a Gaelic army led by King <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADnghin_Mac_Carthaigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fínghin Mac Carthaigh">Fínghin Mac Carthaigh</a>. John FitzGerald is killed during the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February – The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Bun%27%C5%8D" title="Bun'ō">Bun'ō</a> era ends and the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Kōchō">Kōchō</a> era begins during the reign of the 11-year-old <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Emperor Kameyama</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Education"> Education</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Early – Following disputes, northern academics from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in England set up a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton_(13th_century)" title="University of Northampton (13th century)">University of Northampton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> but it is suppressed by the Crown in 1265.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The earliest extant Chinese illustration of "<a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal's Triangle">Pascal's Triangle</a>" is from <a href="/wiki/Yang_Hui" title="Yang Hui">Yang Hui</a>'s (or Qianguang's) book <i>Xiangjie Jiuzhang Suanfa</i>, published this year.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Pope Alexander IV</a> dies after a <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">pontificate</a> of 6-years at <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Urban IV</a> as the 182nd pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – Urban IV offers the crown of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> to <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>, youngest son of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII of France</a>, hoping to strengthen his position.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurmsbach_Abbey" title="Wurmsbach Abbey">Wurmsbach Abbey</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Bollingen" title="Bollingen">Bollingen</a>) is established by Count <a href="/wiki/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rudolf V of Rapperswil</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1262">1262</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1262" title="1262">1262</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1262&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mongol_Empire_2"> Mongol Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berke%E2%80%93Hulagu_war" title="Berke–Hulagu war">Berke–Hulagu war</a>: Mongol forces under <a href="/wiki/Berke_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Berke Khan">Berke Khan</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>, raid territory in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> belonging to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>. Berke supports the Georgian rebels and allies with the Mamluks. He defeats the Ilkhanate forces on the <a href="/wiki/Terek_(river)" title="Terek (river)">Terek River</a>, together with the Mamluk army led by <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> (or Abu al-Futuh), saving <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> from Ilkhanate occupation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hausbergen" title="Battle of Hausbergen">Battle of Hausbergen</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeois</a> of <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> defeat a German army of knights (some 5,000 men) under Bishop <a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops,_prince-bishops_and_archbishops_of_Strasbourg" title="List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg">Walter of Geroldseck</a>. Strasbourg becomes an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Free City">imperial Free City</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li> <li>May – King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a> ("the Wise") of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>, at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a>, demands military support from <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad I</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a>, and relinquishes the ports of <a href="/wiki/Tarifa" title="Tarifa">Tarifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> to prepare an invasion of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>: Castilian-Leonese forces led by Alfonso X conquer <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. The city has been under Moorish rule since <a href="/wiki/AD_711" title="AD 711">711</a>. The Muslims are ousted, and Alfonso repopulates the region (also called the <a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n" title="Repoblación">Repoblación</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a> enters into the <a href="/wiki/Old_Covenant_(Iceland)" title="Old Covenant (Iceland)">Old Covenant</a> (<i>Gissurarsáttmáli</i>), establishing a union with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a>, and acknowledges King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a> ("the Old") as its ruler.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> perhaps renounces <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, returning to the country's <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> roots, and reverting to Grand Duke.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_2"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_I" title="Al-Hakim I">Al-Hakim I</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid dynasty</a>, travels to <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> and is proclaimed as caliph of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> in succession to his former rival <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">Al-Mustansir II</a>. After his arrival, he is imprisoned at the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Citadel" title="Cairo Citadel">Citadel of Cairo</a> by orders of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> but released in <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a> by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Lajin" title="Lajin">Lajin</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Mangrai" title="Mangrai">Mangrai</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Na" title="Lan Na">Lan Na</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thailand" title="Northern Thailand">Northern Thailand</a>) founds the city of <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Rai" title="Chiang Rai">Chiang Rai</a> as the kingdom's capital.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arts_and_Culture_2"> Arts and Culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Arts and Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">trouvère</a> and musician, writes the first <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a>, <i>Le Jeu de la Feuillee</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Markets"> Markets</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> Senate starts consolidating all of the Republic's outstanding debt into a single fund, later known as the <i>Monte Vecchio</i>. The holders of the newly created <i>prestiti</i> are promised a 5% annual coupon. These claims can be sold, and quickly (before <a href="/wiki/1320" title="1320">1320</a>) give rise to the first recorded secondary market for financial assets, in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Chichester" title="Richard of Chichester">Richard of Chichester</a> in England (d. <a href="/wiki/1253" title="1253">1253</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a> as a saint; he is best known for authoring the prayer adapted into the song "<a href="/wiki/Day_by_Day_(Godspell_song)" title="Day by Day (Godspell song)">Day by Day</a>" in the musical <i><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a></i> (1971).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Science_and_Technology"> Science and Technology</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1262&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Science and Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> ("the Wise") commissions <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_ben_Moshe" title="Yehuda ben Moshe">Yehuda ben Moshe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_ibn_Sid" title="Isaac ibn Sid">Isaac ibn Sid</a> to compile the <a href="/wiki/Alfonsine_Tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonsine Tables">Alfonsine Tables</a>, describing the movement of the planets.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1263">1263</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1263&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Before July – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Settepozzi" title="Battle of Settepozzi">Battle of Settepozzi</a>: A Byzantine-Genoese fleet (some 50 galleys) is routed by the Venetians near <a href="/wiki/Spetses" title="Spetses">Spetses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Argolic_Gulf" title="Argolic Gulf">Argolic Gulf</a>, who capture four ships and inflict considerable casualties. Later, the Genoese that survive the battle managed to capture <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a> on <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>. They receive orders to avoid direct confrontations with the Venetian fleet, but instead are engaged in raiding against the Venetian merchant convoys in the <a href="/wiki/Euripus_Strait" title="Euripus Strait">Euripus Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summer – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Palaiologos_(half-brother_of_Michael_VIII)" title="Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)">Constantine Palaiologos</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. The army is transported to <a href="/wiki/Monemvasia" title="Monemvasia">Monemvasia</a> on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prinitza" title="Battle of Prinitza">Battle of Prinitza</a>: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers <a href="/wiki/Eurotas_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurotas (river)">Eurotas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfeios" title="Alfeios">Alfeios</a> towards the Achaean capital, <a href="/wiki/Andravida" title="Andravida">Andravida</a>. At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Ancient Olympia</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Elis" title="Elis">Elis</a>, the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under <a href="/wiki/John_of_Katavas" title="John of Katavas">John of Katavas</a>, who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of <a href="/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras">Mystras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July – <a href="/wiki/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Scottish–Norwegian War">Scottish–Norwegian War</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a> ("the Old") assembles a fleet (some 120 warships), and sets sail to defend the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>, in an attempt to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Western Isles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>. Haakon stops at the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Arran" title="Isle of Arran">Isle of Arran</a>, where in August negotiations are started with the 21-year-old King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III of Scotland</a>. The talks are prolonged by the Scots until the autumn storms begin.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> (or Mendog), the only Christian king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, is assassinated by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Treniota" title="Treniota">Treniota</a>. The country reverts to <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a> and loses its status as a kingdom. Treniota usurps the throne (until <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Battle of Largs</a>: Scottish forces under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stewart,_4th_High_Steward_of_Scotland" title="Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland">Alexander Stewart</a> rout a Viking invasion force led by Haakon IV at <a href="/wiki/Largs" title="Largs">Largs</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Ayrshire" title="North Ayrshire">North Ayrshire</a>. The battle is inconclusive. On the morning of <a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a>, the Norwegians return to collect their dead and burn their beached ships. By the end of October, the Viking fleet reaches <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, where Haakon becomes ill and dies at the <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall">Bishop's Palace</a>, on <a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI of Norway">Magnus VI</a> ("the Law-mender") succeeds his father Haakon IV as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">King of Norway</a>. The chieftains of the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> become the last to pledge fealty to Magnus, bringing a more complete end to the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Sturlungs" title="Age of the Sturlungs">Age of the Sturlungs</a>.</li> <li>Winter – <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> ("the Wise") conquers <a href="/wiki/Niebla,_Spain" title="Niebla, Spain">Niebla</a> from the Moors, terminating any Muslim presence in the western region of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-picard2000_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-picard2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> – King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> ("the Conqueror") captures <a href="/wiki/Crevillent" title="Crevillent">Crevillent</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> and it becomes a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>April – <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester</a>, newly returned from exile, takes control of southern England.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH1263_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH1263-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early May he summons a meeting of rebel barons at Oxford.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Rebels occupy London.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH1263_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH1263-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Baronial forces led by <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ferrers,_6th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby">Robert de Ferrers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Montfort" title="Henry de Montfort">Henry de Montfort</a> lay siege to <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>. The attackers finally enter the city and are allowed to sack it. They kill most of the Jewish community as part of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England_(1066%E2%80%931290)#Targeting_of_Jews_during_the_conflict_with_the_Barons" title="History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)">targeting of Jews during the conflict with the Barons</a> by allies of de Montfort.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> travels to <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne</a> for an attempt to broker peace with his barons by King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH1263_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH1263-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_3"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – Egyptian forces led by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> (or Abu al-Futuh) attack <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>; there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Sergines" title="Geoffrey of Sergines">Geoffrey of Sergines</a>, is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, the county of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">Tripoli</a> and the principality of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arts_and_Culture_3"> Arts and Culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Arts and Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Palace" title="Savoy Palace">Savoy Palace</a> is constructed in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter II, Count of Savoy">Peter II, Count of Savoy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Education_2"> Education</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Presumed date – <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College</a> is established in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> (England) by <a href="/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol" title="John I de Balliol">John I de Balliol</a> on its modern-day site.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Markets_2"> Markets</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">The Lord Edward</a>, son and heir of Henry III of England, seizes £10,000 which had been deposited to the trust of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> in London by foreign merchants and English magnates.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bonsignori" title="Orlando Bonsignori">Bonsignori</a> firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue from the papal estates to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biografico_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biografico-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1263&action=edit&section=T-10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Nahmanides</a>, Spanish chief <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, defends the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> in an important <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Disputation_of_Barcelona" title="Disputation of Barcelona">Disputation of Barcelona</a>) against <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Christiani" title="Pablo Christiani">Pablo Christiani</a>, before James I of Aragon.</li> <li>Probable date – The doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and theologian, are condemned as <a href="/wiki/Christian_heresy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian heresy">heresy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Arles#Councils_of_1260,_1263,_and_1275" title="Synod of Arles">Synod of Arles</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1264">1264</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1264&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makryplagi" title="Battle of Makryplagi">Battle of Makryplagi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Palaiologos_(half-brother_of_Michael_VIII)" title="Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)">Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)</a> resumes operations against the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a>. He advances up in northern <a href="/wiki/Elis" title="Elis">Elis</a>, and sets up his camp at a location called "St. Nicholas of Mesiskli". Prince <a href="/wiki/William_of_Villehardouin" title="William of Villehardouin">William of Villehardouin</a> with his own troops marches to meet him and arrays his men ready for battle. The Byzantine vanguard under <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kantakouzenos_(died_1264)" title="Michael Kantakouzenos (died 1264)">Michael Kantakouzenos</a>, ride forth from the Byzantine lines, but the force is ambushed and Michael is killed by the Achaeans. Constantine retreats and goes on to lay siege to the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Nikli</a>. There, Turkish mercenaries (some 1,000 horsemen), confront him and demand that he pay them their arrears of 6 months. Constantine refuses, whereupon the Turkish troops desert to William. He decides to raise the siege and departs for <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. He leaves <a href="/wiki/Alexios_Philes" title="Alexios Philes">Alexios Philes</a> with a force and marches towards <a href="/wiki/Messenia" title="Messenia">Messenia</a>, where he occupies the passes, situated near <a href="/wiki/Gardiki_Castle,_Arcadia" title="Gardiki Castle, Arcadia">Gardiki Castle</a>. William, reinforced by the Turkish contingent, marches to Messenia to attack the Byzantines, despite their holding strong positions on the high ground. The first two attacks are beaten off, but during the third attack, the Byzantines flee in panic. Alexios, along with many Greek nobles, is captured.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_revolt_of_1264%E2%80%931266" title="Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266">Mudéjar Revolt</a>: Muslim rebel forces, aided by allies from <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarifa" title="Tarifa">Tarifa</a>, take the town of <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a> after defeating the outnumbered Castilian garrison led by <a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Lara_(died_1275)" title="Nuño González de Lara (died 1275)">Nuño González de Lara</a> ("the Good").<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebels are supported by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad I</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a>, while King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> ("the Wise") is allied with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a>. The rebels manage to capture <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, as well as several smaller towns.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saseno" title="Battle of Saseno">Battle of Saseno</a>: The Genoese fleet (16 galleys) manages to trick and capture an entire Venetian trade convoy near <a href="/wiki/Sazan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sazan Island">Saseno Island</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Albania</a>. The captured merchandise and ships are valued at more than 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Genoese_lira" title="Genoese lira">Genoese pounds</a>, an enormous sum for the period, of which 30,000 goes into the Genoese treasury through the sale of the plunder.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>: Castilian forces under Alfonso X counter-attack and recapture Jerez de la Frontera after a siege. The rebel-held towns of <a href="/wiki/Vejer_de_la_Frontera" title="Vejer de la Frontera">Vejer de la Frontera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rota,_Andalusia" title="Rota, Andalusia">Rota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanl%C3%BAcar_de_Barrameda" title="Sanlúcar de Barrameda">Sanlúcar de Barrameda</a> also fall to Alfonso. Muslims in the retaken towns are expelled and the mosques in Jerez are converted to churches. The region is settled by Christians from elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Civil_War_(1264%E2%80%931265)" title="Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)">Hungarian Civil War</a>, a dynastic conflict, erupts between King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a> and his son, Duke <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen</a>. Hungarian forces under <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_II_K%C3%A1n" title="Ladislaus II Kán">Ladislaus II Kán</a> invades Stephen's realm and push forward unhindered penetrating the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_(river)" title="Mureș (river)">Mureș River</a> in the southern part of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>. Stephen's army halts Ladislaus' advance at the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Deva" title="Fortress of Deva">Fortress of Deva</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter – The <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Thuringian_Succession" title="War of the Thuringian Succession">War of the Thuringian Succession</a> ends after 17 years with the state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> gaining its independence from <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> and becoming the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a>, a principality of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</li> <li>Approximate date – High Duke <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_V_the_Chaste" title="Bolesław V the Chaste">Bolesław V the Chaste</a> promulgates legal protection for Jewish communities in <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a>, including protection from kidnapping and forcible <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> of Jewish children.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="British_Isles_2"> British Isles</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> ("the Saint") issues the <a href="/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens" title="Mise of Amiens">Mise of Amiens</a>, a settlement between King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> and his rebellious barons under <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a>, heavily favouring the former – which leads to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_161_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology_161-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, Henry accuses the barons of destroying his castles and laying waste to royal lands. For this he demands a compensation of some £300,000 and 200,000 marks, which is defended by Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1264)" title="Battle of Northampton (1264)">Battle of Northampton</a>: English forces under <a href="/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Baron_Mortimer_of_Wigmore" title="Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore">Roger Mortimer</a>, advance over the water meadows south of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton</a> to attack its main gate with engines. Meanwhile, another party rides clockwise along the built-up area's western perimeter, looking for an easier entrance. While the townsmen entrust to hold up the initial attack, the outflanking detachment founds a breach in the garden wall of <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Priory,_Northampton" title="St Andrew's Priory, Northampton">St. Andrew's Priory</a>, at the north of the town. <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort_the_Younger" title="Simon de Montfort the Younger">Simon de Montfort the Younger</a> (son of Simon de Montfort) reacts to the break-in – riding upon his horse with his squire, and some followers to contest the breach. But Simon is captured and throws the defenders into disarray. Simon de Montfort mounts a rearguard to relieve his son, but on <a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> the castle falls.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a>–<a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">19</a> – English rebels under Simon de Montfort beset <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Castle" title="Rochester Castle">Rochester</a> from two directions in a pincer movement from north and south. The garrison sortie burns the suburbs to deprive the rebels of cover. Initial assaults on the bridge the next morning are repulsed by <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Leybourne" title="Roger de Leybourne">Roger de Leybourne</a>. In the evening, however, supported by archers shooting across the river, Simon launches an amphibious assault, wind and current carrying his <a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">fireship</a> across to set fire to the bridge defenses. The rebels capture the castle's outer bailey and the garrison retires inside the keep on <a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a>. Meanwhile, rebels under <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_7th_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester">Gilbert de Clare</a> ("the Red Earl") occupy the cathedral. The siege then boggs down, Simon receives reports of a relief force and orders to withdraw on <a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April – Gilbert de Clare leads a massacre of the Jews at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, during the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, another of de Montfort's followers, <a href="/wiki/John_FitzJohn" title="John FitzJohn">John FitzJohn</a>, leads a massacre against the Jews in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jewish communities of Northampton, <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a> are looted. The <i>archæ</i> (official chest of records) is destroyed or deposited at the headquarters of de Montfort's supporters at <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewes" title="Battle of Lewes">Battle of Lewes</a>: English rebels led by Simon de Montfort defeat Henry III and Prince <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward</a> ("the Lord Edward"), at <a href="/wiki/Lewes" title="Lewes">Lewes</a>. Henry leaves the safety of <a href="/wiki/Lewes_Castle" title="Lewes Castle">Lewes Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewes_Priory" title="Lewes Priory">St. Pancras Priory</a>, to engage the rebels. Edward routes part of the rebel army (some 5,000 men) with a cavalry charge, but during the battle de Montfort's forces capture both Henry and Edward, making Simon the "uncrowned king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>" for 15 months.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May – Simon de Montfort marches on London but the drawbridge on <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a> has been raised by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a>. Simon has the support of the Londoners, who manage to lower the bridge allowing him into the city. Henry III is forced to pardon the rebel nobles and reinstates the <a href="/wiki/Provisions_of_Oxford" title="Provisions of Oxford">Provisions of Oxford</a>. With Henry's power diminished, Simon announces that all debts owed to the Jews would be canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – Simon de Montfort summons <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> in London to confirm new constitutional arrangements. Two knights are summoned for each county, and are allowed to comment on general matters of state – the first time this has occurred. In <a href="/wiki/France_during_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="France during the Middle Ages">France</a>, Queen <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a>, wife of Henry III, makes plans for an invasion of England with the support of Louis IX OF France.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – The Lord Edward is held captive at <a href="/wiki/Wallingford_Castle" title="Wallingford Castle">Wallingford Castle</a>, but after an escape attempt he is moved to <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Castle" title="Kenilworth Castle">Kenilworth Castle</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Parliament of Ireland</a> meets at <a href="/wiki/Castledermot" title="Castledermot">Castledermot</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a>, the first definitely known meeting of this <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – The title <a href="/wiki/Baron_de_Ros" title="Baron de Ros">Baron de Ros</a>, the oldest held peerage title, is created by <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer#Writs_of_Summons" title="Hereditary peer">writ of summons</a> during the reign of Henry III.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mongol_Empire_3"> Mongol Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Toluid_Civil_War" title="Toluid Civil War">Toluid Civil War</a> ends: <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> defeats his brother and <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> to the title of "Great Khan", <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a>, who surrenders to Kublai on <a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a>. He is imprisoned and with the Chinese support behind him, Kublai is acknowledged by the rulers of the western khanates and as sole ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. He moves his capital from <a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Shangdu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, to the Chinese city of <a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Dadu</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_4"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February – The Japanese era <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Kōchō">Kōchō</a> ends and the <a href="/wiki/Bun%27ei" title="Bun'ei">Bun'ei</a> era begins during the reign of the 14-year-old Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Kameyama</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1275" title="1275">1275</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Education_3"> Education</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Merton" title="Walter de Merton">Walter de Merton</a> formally completes the foundation of the House of Scholars of Merton (later <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a>), to provide education in <a href="/wiki/Old_Malden" title="Old Malden">Malden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – By the papal bull <i><a href="/wiki/Transiturus" title="Transiturus">Transiturus</a></i>, Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Urban IV</a> declares the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a> (<i>festum corporis</i>) to be celebrated by the entire <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – Urban IV dies after a <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">pontificate</a> of 3-years and is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Clement IV</a>. His <a href="/wiki/1264%E2%80%931265_papal_election" title="1264–1265 papal election">papal election</a> occurs at <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, which will last for four months.</li> <li>Approximate date – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> completes his theological work <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_contra_Gentiles" title="Summa contra Gentiles">Summa contra Gentiles</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1265">1265</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1265&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, the first elected English <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Montfort%27s_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Montfort's Parliament">Montfort's Parliament</a>) conducts its first meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, later to be known as the Houses of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – End of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Civil_War_(1264%E2%80%931265)" title="Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)">Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isaszeg_(1265)" title="Battle of Isaszeg (1265)">Battle of Isaszeg</a>: Younger King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen</a> decisively defeats <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">his father's</a> army.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – Future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> escapes the captivity of <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – A draft <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Venetian_treaty_of_1265" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1265">Byzantine–Venetian treaty</a> is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>, but is not ratified by Doge <a href="/wiki/Reniero_Zeno" title="Reniero Zeno">Reniero Zeno</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a> in England: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Evesham" title="Battle of Evesham">Battle of Evesham</a> is fought in <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a>, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, resulting in the death of Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> comes under Scottish rule.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="North_Africa_and_Asia"> North Africa and Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: North Africa and Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Bahri dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> captures several cities and towns from <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> in the Middle East, including the cities of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a>; these events eventually precipitate the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a> in <a href="/wiki/1267" title="1267">1267</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fire destroys parts of <a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, Delhi: Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Balban comes to the throne and introduces Sijdah.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> armies, led by <a href="/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan">Nogai Khan</a>, raid <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the first major battle in five years (since the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Chinese pushed the forces of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> back across the <a href="/wiki/Yangzi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangzi River">Yangzi River</a>, after <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>'s failed invasion in <a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a>), Kublai Khan engages the Chinese in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> province. Kublai gains a preliminary victory, and war booty of 146 captured Song dynasty naval ships.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Culture"> Culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1265&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Aneirin" title="Book of Aneirin">Book of Aneirin</a></i>, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Budweiser_Budvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Budweiser Budvar">Budweiser Budvar</a> <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>; Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Correspondence from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> contains the first known mention of the <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_the_Fisherman" title="Ring of the Fisherman">ring of the Fisherman</a>, an item of papal <a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">regalia</a> then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope, and later for <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bulls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Pope Urban IV</a>, as the 183rd pope.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1266">1266</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1266&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Murcia_(1265%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Murcia (1265–66)">Siege of Murcia</a>: King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> ("the Conqueror") marches with his army from <a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a> and lays siege at <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Segura_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Segura River">Segura River</a>. Skirmishes break out between the defenders and the Aragonese forces. The Muslim garrison, realizing that they are outnumbered and cut off from reinforcements, asks for terms. James offers to ask King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> ("the Wise") to restore the Murcians' legal rights (see <a href="/wiki/1244" title="1244">1244</a>) from before the rebellion: self-government under Castilian suzerainty, freedom of worship, and preservation of lands and properties. They agree to this offer but request Alfonso's explicit agreement rather than just James' promise to ask him. James refuses to get Alfonso's agreement before the city surrenders. Finally, the Moors yield Murcia to James on <a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a>. Seeing his standard on the walls, James enters the city on <a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a>, accepting its surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benevento" title="Battle of Benevento">Battle of Benevento</a>: Guelph forces (some 12,000 men), led by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Sicily">Charles of Anjou</a>, brother of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>, defeat a combined German and Sicilian army under King <a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a>, during a long-running power struggle in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>. Manfred takes up a strong position near <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>. As the French infantry advances, he unleashes his Saracen archers and light cavalry, which scatters the French. But the Saracens leave themselves exposed to the French heavy cavalry, and are overwhelmed. Manfred orders his heavy cavalry (some 1,200 German mercenary knights) into the attack, but they are defeated by the Guelph forces, and take heavy losses. Manfred is killed, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> invests Charles as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael II Komnenos Doukas">Michael II</a>, despot of <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>, invades <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, and recovers the lands that Manfred has taken from him.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_revolt_of_1264%E2%80%931266" title="Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266">Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266</a> ends. The rebels make their formal submission to Alfonso X. They recognize the error that the Moors of Murcia have committed against their overlord Alfonso. Representatives of the <i><a href="/wiki/Aljama" title="Aljama">aljama</a></i>, or municipal council, renew their allegiance and humbly beg for pardon, mercy and favour. With this, the Mudéjar uprising in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Murcia" title="Kingdom of Murcia">Kingdom of Murcia</a> is formally ended.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trapani" title="Battle of Trapani">Battle of Trapani</a>: The Venetian fleet (24 galleys) led by Admiral <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Dondulo" title="Jacopo Dondulo">Jacopo Dondulo</a> moves to <a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Marsala</a> and attacks the larger Genoese fleet anchored at <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>, capturing all its ships. Some 1,200 Genoese drown and many are killed. Dondulo is acclaimed a hero on his return to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> in July and elected as <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Sea" title="Captain General of the Sea">Captain General of the Sea</a>, Venice's highest naval command position.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III of Scotland</a> agrees to a peace settlement with King <a href="/wiki/Magnus_VI_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnus VI of Norway">Magnus VI of Norway</a> ("the Law-mender") in which the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> are ceded to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> in exchange for 4,000 marks. In return, Alexander confirms Norwegian sovereignty over the islands of <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_2"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chesterfield" title="Battle of Chesterfield">Battle of Chesterfield</a>: English forces led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry of Almain</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard of Cornwall</a>, defeat rebels under <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ferrers,_6th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby">Robert de Ferrers</a> in a minor skirmish at <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a>. Robert is taken as a prisoner to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> disinherits. In July, he is forced to surrender land and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Crouchback" title="Edmund Crouchback">Edmund Crouchback</a>, second son of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dictum_of_Kenilworth" title="Dictum of Kenilworth">Dictum of Kenilworth</a> provides terms of peace in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a> between supporters of the slain rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a> and Henry III.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kenilworth" title="Siege of Kenilworth">Siege of Kenilworth</a>: English forces under Henry III capture <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Castle" title="Kenilworth Castle">Kenilworth Castle</a> from remaining rebels in the Second Barons' War after a 6-month siege.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the siege Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Freney" title="William Freney">William Freney</a> tries to negotiate with the garrison but is refused entry.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Levant_4"> Levant</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1266)" title="Siege of Safed (1266)">Siege of Safed</a>: Mamluk forces capture the castle of <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, defended by a garrison of 1,700 men (including some 500 <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>), after a 6-week siege. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> promises <a href="/wiki/Safe_conduct" title="Safe conduct">safe conduct</a> but when the Christians and Templars are on their way towards <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, they are seized and beheaded.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mari" title="Battle of Mari">Battle of Mari</a>: Mamluk forces (some 30,000 men) led by Baibars defeat the Armenian army in <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, in retaliation for the support of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_the_Levant" title="Mongol invasions of the Levant">Mongol invasion in Syria</a>. He expands his domain, capturing the city of <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>) and the important castle of <a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – A Crusader advance guard is ambushed by the Egyptian garrison of Safed, while local Arabs attack the Crusader camp. The 13-year-old <a href="/wiki/Hugh_II_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh II of Cyprus">Hugh II</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, is advised to retire and withdraw with heavy losses. Meanwhile, Baibars campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and leads a lightning raid to <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_5"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_and_Maffeo_Polo#First_voyage" title="Niccolò and Maffeo Polo">Niccolo and Maffeo Polo</a>, father and uncle of <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>, reach the Mongol capital <a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Khanbaliq</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>), setting the stage for Marco's famous expedition 5 years later. <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> sends the Polos back with a message, requesting that Pope Clement IV dispatch western scholars to teach in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>; however, this request is largely ignored.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="America"> America</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the modern-day <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a period of drought (up until <a href="/wiki/1299" title="1299">1299</a>) begins in the <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> Region, putting an end to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Puebloans</a> Civilization.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Economics"> Economics</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">écu</a> (or crown) and <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> <a href="/wiki/Grosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosh">grosh</a> coins are minted for the first time during the reign of Louis IX.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1266&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ode_de_Pougy" title="Ode de Pougy">Ode de Pougy</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Abbess_of_Notre_Dame_aux_Nonnains" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbess of Notre Dame aux Nonnains">Abbess of Notre Dame aux Nonnains</a>, sends a gang to attempt to destroy the nearby part-completed <a href="/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Urbain_de_Troyes" title="Basilique Saint-Urbain de Troyes">Église Saint-Urbain, Troyes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1267">1267</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1267" title="1267">1267</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1267&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1267&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1267&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_and_North_Africa"> Asia and North Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1267&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Asia and North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The "Grand Capital" is constructed in <a href="/wiki/Khanbaliq" title="Khanbaliq">Khanbaliq</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, having moved the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> there three years prior.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ul_Salih" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik ul Salih">Malik ul Salih</a> establishes Samudra Pasai, the first <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> state in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spain attempts an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, but the Muslim empire <a href="/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid Sultanate">Marinid Sultanate</a> successfully defend against the invasion, and drive out Spanish forces.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1268">1268</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1268&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="War_and_politics"> War and politics</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: War and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wesenberg_(1268)" title="Battle of Wesenberg (1268)">Battle of Rakvere</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> is defeated by <a href="/wiki/Dovmont_of_Pskov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dovmont of Pskov">Dovmont of Pskov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Venetian_treaty_of_1268" title="Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268">five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty</a> is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>. It is ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge of Venice</a> <a href="/wiki/Reniero_Zeno" title="Reniero Zeno">Reniero Zeno</a> on <a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tagliacozzo" title="Battle of Tagliacozzo">Battle of Tagliacozzo</a>: The army of <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Ghibellines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibellines">Ghibellines</a> supporters of <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a> of Hohenstaufen, marking the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> Family from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicilian</a> thrones, and leading to the new chapter of <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> domination in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a>, the last legitimate male heir of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Kings_and_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German Kings and Emperors">Kings of Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperors</a>, is executed, along with his companion <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Baden">Frederick I, Margrave of Baden</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Sicily">Charles I of Sicily</a>, a political rival and ally to the hostile <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V of Hungary</a> launches a war against <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/County_of_Wernigerode" title="County of Wernigerode">County of Wernigerode</a> becomes a vassal state of the <a href="/wiki/Margrave_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrave of Brandenburg">Margrave of Brandenburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice#Choosing_of_the_Doge" title="Doge of Venice">New election procedures</a> for the election of the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">doge</a> are established in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families and possibly to prevent the popular <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Tiepolo" title="Lorenzo Tiepolo">Lorenzo Tiepolo</a> from becoming elected.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> dies; the following <a href="/wiki/Papal_election,_1268%E2%80%9371" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal election, 1268–71">papal election</a> fails to choose a new pope for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Culture_2"> Culture</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pisano" title="Nicola Pisano">Nicola Pisano</a> completes the famous <a href="/wiki/Octagon" title="Octagon">octagonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Siena" class="mw-redirect" title="Duomo di Siena">Duomo di Siena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> is first recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In France, the use of <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a> as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> is made compulsory.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The town of Guta is founded (currently <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%A1rovo" title="Kolárovo">Kolárovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_6"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1268&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1268)" title="Siege of Antioch (1268)">Battle of Antioch</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">crusader state</a>, falls to the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a>; his destruction of the city of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> is so great, as to permanently negate the city's importance.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiangyang" title="Battle of Xiangyang">Battle of Xiangyang</a>, a 6-year battle between the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>, begins in what is today <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> sends an emissary to the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> of Japan, demanding an acknowledgment of suzerainty and payment of <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth, lasting until the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> attempt to invade in <a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/1268_Cilicia_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1268 Cilicia earthquake">earthquake in Cilicia</a> occurs in 1268 northeast of the city of <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>. Over 60,000 people perished in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> in southern Asia Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Drog%C3%B6n_Ch%C3%B6gyal_Phagpa" title="Drogön Chögyal Phagpa">Drogön Chögyal Phagpa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sakya" title="Sakya">Sakya</a> School completes the <a href="/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="'Phags-pa script">'Phags-pa script</a>, which was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> as a new writing system in <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">his empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1269">1269</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1269" title="1269">1269</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1269&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colle_Val_d%27Elsa" title="Battle of Colle Val d'Elsa">Battle of Colle Val d'Elsa</a>: Guelph forces (2,200 men) led by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a> defeat the Ghibellines at <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. After the battle, the Guelphs drive out their adversaries at <a href="/wiki/Colle_di_Val_d%27Elsa" title="Colle di Val d'Elsa">Colle di Val d'Elsa</a>, destroying their houses, and confiscating their possessions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> ("the Saint") orders all Jews found in public without an identifying <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow badge</a> to be fined ten <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a> of silver. He also confiscates goods from the Jewish population to fund the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a>.</li> <li>September – An Aragonese contingent under King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I</a> ("the Conqueror") sails from <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> but is caught in a storm and badly damaged. One squadron reaches <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, but later returns to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a> inherits <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">Carniola</a>, making him the most powerful German prince within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>; the empire lacking an emperor during the ongoing “<a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Interregnum (Holy Roman Empire)">Great Interregnum</a>”.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward</a> (the Lord Edward) of England obtains the right to levy a twentieth of the value of the Church's wealth to finance the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">Ninth Crusade</a>. That sum turns out to be insufficient, and Edward has to borrow to reach his target.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Comyn,_Lord_of_Badenoch" class="mw-redirect" title="John I Comyn, Lord of Badenoch">John I Comyn, Lord of Badenoch</a>, begins the construction of <a href="/wiki/Blair_Castle" title="Blair Castle">Blair Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_2"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Berber forces of the <a href="/wiki/Marinid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid Sultanate">Marinid Sultanate</a> under <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Yaqub_ibn_Abd_al-Haqq" title="Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq">Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq</a> complete the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and capture <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a> after a long siege, effectively ending the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a>. The last Almohad ruler, <a href="/wiki/Idris_al-Wathiq" title="Idris al-Wathiq">Idris al-Wathiq</a> (or Abu Dabbus), is assassinated by a slave. The Marinids become the new masters of the western <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> and Abu Yusuf Yaqub takes up the title of "Prince of the Muslims".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_9"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>March – <a href="/wiki/Ode_de_Pougy" title="Ode de Pougy">Ode de Pougy</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Abbess_of_Notre_Dame_aux_Nonnains" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbess of Notre Dame aux Nonnains">Abbess of Notre Dame aux Nonnains</a>, and several associates who assist her, are <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a>.</li> <li>Approximate date – <a href="/wiki/Opizzo_Fieschi" title="Opizzo Fieschi">Opizzo Fieschi</a>, Latin patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Latin Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a>, is exiled, being displaced because of the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a> of <a href="/wiki/1054" title="1054">1054</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Science"> Science</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1269&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Peregrinus_de_Maricourt" title="Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt">Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt</a>, French mathematician and writer, performs a series of experiments with <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetic poles</a> and proposes that a machine can be run forever in <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">perpetual motion</a> using the properties of magnets.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berke_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Berke Khan">Berke Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Qutuz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a>, <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a>, <a href="/wiki/1262" title="1262">1262</a>, <a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a>, <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>, <a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a>, <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a>, <a href="/wiki/1267" title="1267">1267</a>, <a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1269" title="1269">1269</a></div> <p><b>1260</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> or <a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Valencia_de_Campos" title="John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos">John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1319" title="1319">1319</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kyawswa_of_Pagan" title="Kyawswa of Pagan">Kyawswa of Pagan</a>, last ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1299" title="1299">1299</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>approximate date</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_de_Marigny" title="Enguerrand de Marigny">Enguerrand de Marigny</a>, minister to King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_bint_al-Ahmar" title="Fatima bint al-Ahmar">Fatima bint al-Ahmar</a>, Nasrid princess in the Emirate of Granada (d. <a href="/wiki/1349" title="1349">1349</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Cobham,_1st_Baron_Cobham" title="Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham">Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1339" title="1339">1339</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_III_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew III Csák">Matthew III Csák</a>, Hungarian oligarch<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a>, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (d. 1328)<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Nogaret" title="Guillaume de Nogaret">Guillaume de Nogaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Keeper of the seal">keeper of the seal</a> to King Philip IV of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1313" title="1313">1313</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_Planudes" title="Maximus Planudes">Maximus Planudes</a>, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; d. <a href="/wiki/1330" title="1330">1330</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khutulun" title="Khutulun">Khutulun</a>, Mongol princess and warrior (d. <a href="/wiki/1306" title="1306">1306</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1261</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Stapledon" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Stapledon">Walter de Stapledon</a>, English bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Exeter" title="Diocese of Exeter">Exeter</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1326" title="1326">1326</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto III, Duke of Bavaria">Otto III, Duke of Bavaria</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1312" title="1312">1312</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret of Scotland</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1283" title="1283">1283</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Despenser_the_Elder" title="Hugh Despenser the Elder">Hugh Despenser the Elder</a>, English chief adviser (d. 1326)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_II,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Arthur II, Duke of Brittany">Arthur II</a>, Breton <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Dreux" title="House of Dreux">House of Dreux</a>) (d. 1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Denis I</a> ("the Poet King"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1325" title="1325">1325</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_ibn_al-Hakim" title="Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim">Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim</a>, Andalusian <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1309" title="1309">1309</a>)</li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Dawla_Simnani" title="'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani">'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> mystic and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1336" title="1336">1336</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertino_Mussato" title="Albertino Mussato">Albertino Mussato</a>, Paduan statesman, poet and chronicler (d. <a href="/wiki/1329" title="1329">1329</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Palaiologos_(son_of_Michael_VIII)" title="Constantine Palaiologos (son of Michael VIII)">Constantine Palaiologos</a>, Byzantine prince and general, son of Michael VIII (d. <a href="/wiki/1306" title="1306">1306</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Moscow" title="Daniel of Moscow">Daniel of Moscow</a> (Aleksandrovich), Russian prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1303" title="1303">1303</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangpo_Pal" title="Zangpo Pal">Zangpo Pal</a>, Tibetan religious leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1323" title="1323">1323</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary">Elizabeth of Sicily</a>, queen consort of Hungary (<a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">House of Anjou</a>) (d. 1303)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konoe_Iemoto" title="Konoe Iemoto">Konoe Iemoto</a>, Japanese nobleman (<i><a href="/wiki/Kugy%C5%8D" title="Kugyō">kugyō</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Saccone_Tarlati_di_Pietramala" title="Pier Saccone Tarlati di Pietramala">Pier Saccone Tarlati di Pietramala</a>, Italian nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiero</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1356" title="1356">1356</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_%C5%81okietek" title="Władysław I Łokietek">Władysław I Łokietek</a> ("Elbow-High"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1300%E2%80%931320)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1300–1320)">Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1333" title="1333">1333</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1262</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">John Hastings</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1313" title="1313">1313</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_IV_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus IV of Hungary">Ladisslaus IV</a> ("the Cuman"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">Hungary</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Neville,_1st_Baron_Neville" title="Ranulph Neville, 1st Baron Neville">Ranulph Neville</a> (or Ralph), English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1331" title="1331">1331</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9renger_de_Landore" title="Bérenger de Landore">Bérenger de Landore</a>, French preacher and archbishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1330" title="1330">1330</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Carinthia,_Queen_of_Germany" title="Elisabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany">Elisabeth of Carinthia</a> (or Tyrol), queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1312" title="1312">1312</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Daogao" title="Guan Daogao">Guan Daogao</a>, Chinese calligrapher, poet and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1319" title="1319">1319</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Daosheng" title="Guan Daosheng">Guan Daosheng</a>, Chinese painter, poet and writer (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Trebizond" title="John II of Trebizond">John II</a> (<i>Megas Komnenos</i>), emperor of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1297" title="1297">1297</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Castile,_Lord_of_Valencia_de_Campos" title="John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos">John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos</a>, Spanish prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">infante</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatsukasa_Kanetada" title="Takatsukasa Kanetada">Takatsukasa Kanetada</a>, Japanese nobleman (<i><a href="/wiki/Kugy%C5%8D" title="Kugyō">kugyō</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1301" title="1301">1301</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_T%27ak" title="U T'ak">U T'ak</a> (or Woo Tak), Korean scholar and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1342" title="1342">1342</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Cantilupe,_1st_Baron_Cantilupe" title="William de Cantilupe, 1st Baron Cantilupe">William de Cantilupe</a>, Anglo-Norman nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1308" title="1308">1308</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1263</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a>, Syrian philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1328" title="1328">1328</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_of_Portugal,_Lord_of_Portalegre" title="Afonso of Portugal, Lord of Portalegre">Afonso of Portugal, Lord of Portalegre</a>, Portuguese prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1312" title="1312">1312</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande of Dreux</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1330" title="1330">1330</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Count_of_Gorizia" title="Henry III, Count of Gorizia">Henry III</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Gorizia" title="House of Gorizia">House of Gorizia</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1323" title="1323">1323</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Sweden_(1263%E2%80%931292)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingeborg of Sweden (1263–1292)">Ingeborg of Sweden</a>, countess of <a href="/wiki/Holstein-Pl%C3%B6n" title="Holstein-Plön">Holstein-Plön</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1292" title="1292">1292</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_FitzGerald,_Lady_of_Thomond" title="Juliana FitzGerald, Lady of Thomond">Juliana FitzGerald, Lady of Thomond</a>, Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1300" title="1300">1300</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Orsini_(cardinal)" title="Napoleone Orsini (cardinal)">Napoleone Orsini</a>, Italian cardinal and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1342" title="1342">1342</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Chieti" title="Philip of Chieti">Philip of Chieti</a>, Flemish nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1308" title="1308">1308</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseline_de_Villeneuve" title="Roseline de Villeneuve">Roseline de Villeneuve</a>, French nun and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1329" title="1329">1329</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine">Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine</a> (or Thiebaut), German nobleman (d. 1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolberto_III_da_Camino" title="Tolberto III da Camino">Tolberto III da Camino</a>, Italian nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiero</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1317" title="1317">1317</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongfeng_Mingben" title="Zhongfeng Mingben">Zhongfeng Mingben</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Buddhist</a> master (d. 1323)</li></ul> <p><b>1264</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_of_Scotland" title="Alexander, Prince of Scotland">Alexander</a>, Scottish <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sancha_of_Portugal_(born_1264)" title="Sancha of Portugal (born 1264)">Sancha of Portugal</a>, Portuguese princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1279" title="1279">1279</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Koreyasu" title="Prince Koreyasu">Koreyasu</a>, Japanese prince and <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shogun</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1326" title="1326">1326</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Darmabala" title="Darmabala">Darmabala</a> ("Protector of the Law"), Mongol prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1292" title="1292">1292</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Ghubrini" title="Ahmed al-Ghubrini">Ahmed al-Ghubrini</a>, Hafsid scholar and chronicler (d. <a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_France_(1264%E2%80%931276)" title="Louis of France (1264–1276)">Louis of France</a>, French prince and heir apparent (d. <a href="/wiki/1276" title="1276">1276</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiin" title="Nichiin">Nichiin</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> monk and disciple (d. <a href="/wiki/1329" title="1329">1329</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qinghui" title="Wang Qinghui">Wang Qinghui</a>, Chinese concubine and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1288" title="1288">1288</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1265</b> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Fushimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Fushimi.jpg/120px-Emperor_Fushimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Fushimi.jpg/250px-Emperor_Fushimi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Emperor Fushimi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg/120px-Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg/250px-Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Emperor Go-Uda</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Emperor Fushimi</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1317" title="1317">1317</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Emperor Go-Uda</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1324" title="1324">1324</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III of Aragon</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>approximate date</i> – <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>, Italian poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1321" title="1321">1321</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>approximate date</i> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria de Molina">Maria de Molina</a>, regent of Castile (d. <a href="/wiki/1321" title="1321">1321</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>approximate date</i> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Portinari" title="Beatrice Portinari">Beatrice Portinari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>'s beloved and guide through Heaven in <a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy">The Divine Comedy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1266</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a>, Scottish priest and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1308" title="1308">1308</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Cha-o" title="Ki Cha-o">Ki Cha-o</a>, Korean <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1328" title="1328">1328</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Segrave" title="Gilbert Segrave">Gilbert Segrave</a>, English nobleman and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1316" title="1316">1316</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_VII,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden" title="Herman VII, Margrave of Baden-Baden">Herman VII, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a> ("the Rouser"), German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1291" title="1291">1291</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hethum_II" title="Hethum II">Hethum II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician Armenia</a> (assassinated <a href="/wiki/1307" title="1307">1307</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadwiga_of_Kalisz" title="Jadwiga of Kalisz">Jadwiga of Kalisz</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Poland">Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1339" title="1339">1339</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Brittany,_Earl_of_Richmond" title="John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond">John of Brittany</a>, English courtier, nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1334" title="1334">1334</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Villehardouin" title="Margaret of Villehardouin">Margaret of Villehardouin</a>, princess of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Achaea</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1315" title="1315">1315</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Delhi">Sultan of Delhi</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1316" title="1316">1316</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravivarman_Kula%C5%9B%C4%93khara" title="Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara">Ravivarman Kulaśēkhara</a>, Indian ruler of <a href="/wiki/Venad_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad (historical region)">Venad</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1317" title="1317">1317</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigdzin_Kumaradza" title="Rigdzin Kumaradza">Rigdzin Kumaradza</a>, Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a> master (d. <a href="/wiki/1343" title="1343">1343</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1267</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> (or February 3, 1266) – <a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzAlan,_8th_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel">Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1302" title="1302">1302</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James II of Aragon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1327" title="1327">1327</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto di Bondone</a>, Italian artist who marked the shift from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a> to <a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a> art. (d. <a href="/wiki/1337" title="1337">1337</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Flor" title="Roger de Flor">Roger de Flor</a>, Sicilian military adventurer, leader of the mercenary group <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Company" title="Catalan Company">Catalan Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1268</b> </p> <ul><li>April/June – <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1314" title="1314">1314</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Saint <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Montefalco" title="Clare of Montefalco">Clare of Montefalco</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1308" title="1308">1308</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duanzong" title="Emperor Duanzong">Emperor Duanzong</a> of China (d. <a href="/wiki/1278" title="1278">1278</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaut,_Countess_of_Artois" title="Mahaut, Countess of Artois">Mahaut, Countess of Artois</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1327" title="1327">1327</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a>, Indian Hindu poet and philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1269</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis III, Duke of Bavaria">Louis III, Duke of Bavaria</a>, German nobleman, knight and regent (d. <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Countess_of_Bar" title="Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar">Eleanor of England</a>, English princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1298" title="1298">1298</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duanzong" title="Emperor Duanzong">Emperor Duanzong</a> (or Zhao Shi) of China (d. <a href="/wiki/1278" title="1278">1278</a>)</li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Artois" title="Philip of Artois">Philip of Artois</a>, French nobleman and knight (d. 1298)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_San_Elpidio" title="Alexander of San Elpidio">Alexander of San Elpidio</a>, Italian friar and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1326" title="1326">1326</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Tuta" title="Frederick Tuta">Frederick Tuta</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1291" title="1291">1291</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Gongwang" title="Huang Gongwang">Huang Gongwang</a> (or Lu Jian), Chinese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1354" title="1354">1354</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiz%C5%8D" title="Nichizō">Nichizō</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> monk and disciple (d. <a href="/wiki/1342" title="1342">1342</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a>, <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a>, <a href="/wiki/1262" title="1262">1262</a>, <a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a>, <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>, <a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a>, <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a>, <a href="/wiki/1267" title="1267">1267</a>, <a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1269" title="1269">1269</a></div> <p><b>1260</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luchesius_Modestini" title="Luchesius Modestini">Luchesius Modestini</a>, founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_St._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order of St. Francis">Third Order of St. Francis</a><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Brabant,_Holy_Roman_Empress" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress">Marie of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (alternative date is <a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Kirkham" title="Walter of Kirkham">Walter of Kirkham</a>, Bishop of Durham<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Saif ad-Din Qutuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> sultan of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0a_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aymer_de_Valence_(bishop)" title="Aymer de Valence (bishop)">Aymer de Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1222" title="1222">1222</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitbuqa" title="Kitbuqa">Kitbuqa</a>, Mongol military leader (executed)<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicko_Sjaerdema" title="Sicko Sjaerdema">Sicko Sjaerdema</a>, ruler of Friesland<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Abbar" title="Ibn al-Abbar">Ibn al-Abbar</a>, Andalusian diplomat and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1a_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/wiki/Accursius" title="Accursius">Franciscus Accursius</a>, Italian jurist<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1261</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Henry III, Duke of Brabant">Henry III</a> ("the Good"), duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ahi_Evran" title="Ahi Evran">Ahi Evran</a>, Bektashi Sufi preacher and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Alexander IV</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_IV_of_Holstein" title="Adolf IV of Holstein">Adolf IV of Holstein</a>, German nobleman (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Schaumburg" title="House of Schaumburg">House of Schaumburg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicephorus II of Constantinople">Nicephorus II of Constantinople</a>, Byzantine patriarch</li> <li>August – <a href="/wiki/John_FitzThomas,_1st_Baron_Desmond" title="John FitzThomas, 1st Baron Desmond">John FitzThomas, 1st Baron Desmond</a>, Norman Irish nobleman, killed in battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ela_of_Salisbury,_3rd_Countess_of_Salisbury" title="Ela of Salisbury, 3rd Countess of Salisbury">Ela of Salisbury</a>, English noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_Hochstaden" title="Konrad von Hochstaden">Konrad von Hochstaden</a>, German archbishop</li> <li>September 22/27 – <a href="/wiki/Plaisance_of_Antioch" title="Plaisance of Antioch">Plaisance of Antioch</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sancho_of_Castile_(bishop)" title="Sancho of Castile (bishop)">Sancho of Castile</a>, Spanish archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1233" title="1233">1233</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bettisia_Gozzadini" title="Bettisia Gozzadini">Bettisia Gozzadini</a>, Bolognese noblewoman and academic lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sanchia_of_Provence" title="Sanchia of Provence">Sanchia of Provence</a>, Queen of the Romans, German queen consort (b. <a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Shigetoki_(born_1198)" title="Hōjō Shigetoki (born 1198)">Hōjō Shigetoki</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Athanasius_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Athanasius III of Alexandria">Athanasius III of Alexandria</a>, Egyptian pope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">Al-Mustansir II</a>, Abbasid ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ibn_Sayyid_al-N%C4%81s" title="Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās">Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās</a>, Andalusian theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Dawud" title="An-Nasir Dawud">An-Nasir Dawud</a>, Kurdish ruler, Ayyubid ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1206" title="1206">1206</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_II,_Archbishop_of_Esztergom" title="Benedict II, Archbishop of Esztergom">Benedict II</a>, Hungarian chancellor, governor and archbishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Burgrave_of_Nuremberg" title="Conrad I, Burgrave of Nuremberg">Conrad I, Burgrave of Nuremberg</a> ("the Pious"), German nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiushao" title="Qin Jiushao">Qin Jiushao</a>, Chinese mathematician and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1202" title="1202">1202</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_Bakharzi" title="Sayf al-Din Bakharzi">Sayf al-Din Bakharzi</a>, Persian poet and <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikh</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Bourbon" title="Stephen of Bourbon">Stephen of Bourbon</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> preacher (b. <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1262</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Assisi" title="Giles of Assisi">Giles of Assisi</a>, companion of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Climping" title="John Climping">John Climping</a>, English cleric, chancellor and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siemowit_I_of_Masovia" title="Siemowit I of Masovia">Siemowit I of Masovia</a>, Polish nobleman and knight (<a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">House of Piast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wingham" title="Henry Wingham">Henry Wingham</a>, English <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_6th_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester">Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester</a>, English nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1222" title="1222">1222</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Mariscis" title="Robert de Mariscis">Robert de Mariscis</a>, English priest and archdeacon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Giuliana_of_Collalto" title="Blessed Giuliana of Collalto">Giuliana of Collalto</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictine</a> abbess and Blessed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_de_Redvers,_7th_Earl_of_Devon" title="Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon">Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon</a>, English nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Teruko" title="Princess Teruko">Teruko</a>, Japanese princess and empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Bridport" title="Giles of Bridport">Giles of Bridport</a>, English archdeacon and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bahauddin_Zakariya" title="Bahauddin Zakariya">Bahauddin Zakariya</a>, Ghurid scholar and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adim" title="Ibn al-Adim">Ibn al-Adim</a>, Syrian diplomat, biographer and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a>, Syrian jurist and theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_II,_Countess_of_Nevers" title="Matilda II, Countess of Nevers">Matilda II, Countess of Nevers</a> (or Maud of Dampierre), French noblewoman and regent (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mem_Soares_de_Melo,_1st_Lord_de_Melo" title="Mem Soares de Melo, 1st Lord de Melo">Mem Soares de Melo, 1st Lord de Melo</a>, Portuguese nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Rivaux" title="Peter de Rivaux">Peter de Rivaux</a>, Poitevin-born English High Sheriff and <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a></li></ul> <p><b>1263</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Merania_(1215-1263)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes of Merania (1215-1263)">Agnes of Merania</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo Shinshū">Jōdo Shinshū</a> (Shin Buddhism) (b. <a href="/wiki/1173" title="1173">1173</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher" title="Hugh of Saint-Cher">Hugh of Saint-Cher</a>, French friar and bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_I,_Count_of_Holstein-Kiel" title="John I, Count of Holstein-Kiel">John I, Count of Holstein-Kiel</a>, German nobleman (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Schaumburg" title="House of Schaumburg">House of Schauenburg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boniface,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Boniface, Count of Savoy">Boniface</a>, Savoyan nobleman (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1245" title="1245">1245</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> (or Mendog), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania" title="Kingdom of Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, assassinated (b. <a href="/wiki/1203" title="1203">1203</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky" title="Alexander Nevsky">Alexander Nevsky</a>, Grand Prince of <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a>(?) – <a href="/wiki/Martino_della_Torre" title="Martino della Torre">Martino della Torre</a>, Italian nobleman and condottiero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV of Norway">Haakon IV of Norway</a> ("the Old"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Norway</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1204" title="1204">1204</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Tokiyori" title="Hōjō Tokiyori">Hōjō Tokiyori</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Homs" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs">Al-Ashraf Musa</a>, Ayyubid prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a></i>) and ruler of Homs (b. <a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Alagno" title="Caesarius of Alagno">Caesarius of Alagno</a>, Italian priest, bishop and counsellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_I_de_la_Hay" title="Gilbert I de la Hay">Gilbert I de la Hay</a>, Scottish nobleman, knight and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_I_de_la_Roche" title="Guy I de la Roche">Guy I de la Roche</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIII_bar_Ma%27dani" title="John XIII bar Ma'dani">John XIII bar Ma'dani</a>, Syrian patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Trebizond" title="Manuel I of Trebizond">Manuel I</a> (<i>Megas Komnenos</i>), emperor of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senana_ferch_Caradog" title="Senana ferch Caradog">Senana ferch Caradog</a>, Welsh noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1264</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Azzo_VII_d%27Este" title="Azzo VII d'Este">Azzo VII d'Este</a>, marquis of <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Quincy,_2nd_Earl_of_Winchester" title="Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester">Roger de Quincy</a>, Scotto-Norman <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wartislaw_III,_Duke_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania">Wartislaw III</a>, Polish nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1210" title="1210">1210</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Gloucester_and_Hertford" title="Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford">Isabella de Clare</a>, English noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1226" title="1226">1226</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_I,_Lord_of_Mecklenburg" title="John I, Lord of Mecklenburg">John I</a> ("the Theologian"), German nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Nagatoki" title="Hōjō Nagatoki">Hōjō Nagatoki</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Urban IV</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (b. 1195)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Farinata_degli_Uberti" title="Farinata degli Uberti">Farinata degli Uberti</a>, Italian nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Lizong" title="Emperor Lizong">Lizong</a> (or Zhao Yun), Chinese emperor (b. 1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_II_of_Vladimir" title="Andrey II of Vladimir">Andrey II Yaroslavich</a>, Grand Prince of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1222" title="1222">1222</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Galicia" title="Daniel of Galicia">Danylo Romanovych</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Galicia–Volhynia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1201" title="1201">1201</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domentijan" title="Domentijan">Domentijan</a>, Serbian monk and philosopher (b. 1210)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Ieyoshi" title="Fujiwara no Ieyoshi">Fujiwara no Ieyoshi</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)"><i>waka</i></a> poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_l%27Aleman_(died_1264)" title="Hugh l'Aleman (died 1264)">Hugh l'Aleman</a>, Outremer knight and heir apparent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Cyprus" title="Isabella of Cyprus">Isabella of Cyprus</a>, Cypriotic princess and regent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="John II of Beirut">John II of Beirut</a>, Outremer nobleman and knight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_de_Soules" title="Nicholas I de Soules">Nicholas I de Soules</a>, Scottish nobleman and knight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceval_Doria" title="Perceval Doria">Perceval Doria</a>, Genoese military leader and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Vieuxpont_(died_1264)" title="Robert de Vieuxpont (died 1264)">Robert de Vieuxpont</a>, English nobleman and knight</li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasvamin" title="Dharmasvamin">Dharmasvamin</a>, Tibetan monk and explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1197" title="1197">1197</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_Beauvais" title="Vincent of Beauvais">Vincent of Beauvais</a>, French friar and encyclopedist</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1265</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">John Maunsell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor of England</a><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a> of the Mongol Empire (b. <a href="/wiki/1217" title="1217">1217</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stock" title="Simon Stock">Simon Stock</a>, English prior, canonized (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia,_Duchess_of_Silesia" title="Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia">Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1203" title="1203">1203</a> or 1204)<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> (Killed in the Battle Of Evesham) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_le_Despencer,_1st_Baron_le_Despencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer">Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Montfort" title="Henry de Montfort">Henry de Montfort</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1238" title="1238">1238</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Montfort" title="Peter de Montfort">Peter de Montfort</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1208" title="1208">1208</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%BAs_%C3%93l%C3%A1fsson" title="Magnús Óláfsson">Magnús Óláfsson</a>, King of Mann and the Isles<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odofredus" title="Odofredus">Odofredus</a>, Italian jurist<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ath%C4%ABr_al-D%C4%ABn_al-Abhar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī">Al-Abharī</a>, Persian philosopher and mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1266</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Walton_(bishop)" title="Simon Walton (bishop)">Simon de Walton</a>, English cleric and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Swietopelk_II,_Duke_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania">Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania</a> ("the Great"), Polish nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Cantilupe" title="Walter de Cantilupe">Walter de Cantilupe</a>, English bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred, King of Sicily</a>, illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1232" title="1232">1232</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Lauria" title="Richard of Lauria">Richard of Lauria</a>, Italian nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiere</a></li></ul></li> <li>March – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_de_Quincy,_Countess_of_Lincoln" title="Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln">Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln</a>, English noblewoman and heiress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Torre_Maggiore" title="Roger of Torre Maggiore">Roger of Torre Maggiore</a>, Italian archbishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Fariduddin Ganjshakar</a>, Ghurid preacher (b. <a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">1179</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, queen consort of the Romans, Countess of Holland and Countess of Zeeland (b. <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Aschersleben" title="Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben">Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Mutzschen" title="Albrecht von Mutzschen">Albrecht II of Meissen</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canon</a> and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odo,_Count_of_Nevers" title="Odo, Count of Nevers">Odo, Count of Nevers</a> (Odo or Eudes of Burgundy), French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sayyed_Ibn_Tawus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyed Ibn Tawus">Sayyed Ibn Tawus</a>, Abbasid theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Prandota" title="Jan Prandota">Jan Prandota</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków">Kraków</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Birger_Jarl" title="Birger Jarl">Birger Jarl</a>, Swedish nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1210" title="1210">1210</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arsenije_Sremac" title="Arsenije Sremac">Arsenije Sremac</a>, Serbian disciple and archbishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia">Margaret of Austria</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> and later of Bohemia (b. <a href="/wiki/1204" title="1204">1204</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nasiruddin_Mahmud_Shah,_Sultan_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Delhi">Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah</a>, Mamluk ruler of <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_the_White" title="Henry III the White">Henry III the White</a>), duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Silesia" title="Duchy of Silesia">Silesia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/John_of_Ibelin_(jurist)" title="John of Ibelin (jurist)">John of Ibelin</a> ("John of Jaffa"), Outremer nobleman, crusader knight and legal writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldonza_Alfonso_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Aldonza Alfonso de León">Aldonza Alfonso de León</a>, illegitimate daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_of_Trebizond" title="Andronikos II of Trebizond">Andronikos II</a> (<i>Megas Komnenos</i>), emperor of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a> (or Bukha), Mongol ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke Khan</a>, Mongol ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1208" title="1208">1208</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Rong_(painter)" title="Chen Rong (painter)">Chen Rong</a>, Chinese painter, poet and politician (b. 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bigod_(Justiciar)" title="Hugh Bigod (Justiciar)">Hugh Bigod</a>, English nobleman and chief justiciar (b. <a href="/wiki/1211" title="1211">1211</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Hugh, Count of Burgundy">Hugh, Count of Burgundy</a> (Hugh III of Châlon), French nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Savelli" title="Luca Savelli">Luca Savelli</a>, Italian senator and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coluim_II,_Earl_of_Fife" title="Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife">Máel Coluim II, Mormaer of Fife</a> (Malcolm II, Earl of Fife), Scottish nobleman<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27ayyad_al-Din_al-Urdi" title="Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi">Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi</a>, Syrian scholar and astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Chinard" title="Philippe Chinard">Philippe Chinard</a>, French nobleman and admiral, murdered (b. <a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richer_of_Senones" title="Richer of Senones">Richer of Senones</a>, French monk and chronicler (b. 1190)</li></ul> <p><b>1267</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Ibelin,_Seneschal_of_Cyprus" title="Baldwin of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus">Baldwin of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus</a><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> or <a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lars_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lars (bishop)">Lars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Uppsala" title="Archbishop of Uppsala">Archbishop of Uppsala</a><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Montreuil" title="Pierre de Montreuil">Peter of Montereau</a>, French architect (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Provence" title="Beatrice of Provence">Beatrice of Provence</a>, countess regnant of Provence (b. <a href="/wiki/1234" title="1234">1234</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Gallego" title="Pedro Gallego">Pedro Gallego</a>, Franciscan scholar and translator<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Gozzolini" title="Sylvester Gozzolini">Sylvester Gozzolini</a>, Italian founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sylvestrines" title="Sylvestrines">Sylvestrines</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1177" title="1177">1177</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November/December – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_II_of_Cyprus" title="Hugh II of Cyprus">Hugh II of Cyprus</a>, king of Cyprus and regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. (b. <a href="/wiki/1253" title="1253">1253</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>date unknown</i> – <a href="/wiki/John_FitzAlan,_6th_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel">John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel</a>, Breton-English nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Marcher_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcher Lord">Marcher Lord</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1268</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Peter II, Count of Savoy">Peter II, Count of Savoy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1203" title="1203">1203</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reniero_Zeno" title="Reniero Zeno">Reniero Zeno</a>, Doge of Venice<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Faucigny" title="Agnes of Faucigny">Agnes of Faucigny</a>, Dame ruler of Faucigny, countess consort of Savoy<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a>, Duke of Swabia (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1252" title="1252">1252</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Baden" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Baden">Frederick I, Margrave of Baden</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%A1vilkas" title="Vaišvilkas">Vaišvilkas</a>, Prince of Black Ruthenia<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barral_of_Baux" title="Barral of Baux">Barral of Baux</a>, Grand Justiciar of Sicily<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Bracton" title="Henry de Bracton">Henry de Bracton</a>, English jurist<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>1269</b> </p> <ul><li>April – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Sergines" title="Geoffrey of Sergines">Geoffrey of Sergines</a>, French nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saionji_Saneuji" title="Saionji Saneuji">Saionji Saneuji</a>, Japanese poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Pironti" title="Giordano Pironti">Giordano Pironti</a>, Italian aristocrat and cardinal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_III,_Duke_of_Carinthia" title="Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia">Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia</a>, German nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Shushtari" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari">Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari</a>, Moorish poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albin_of_Brechin" title="Albin of Brechin">Albin of Brechin</a> (or Albinus), Scottish <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> and bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Aragon,_Lady_of_Villena" title="Constance of Aragon, Lady of Villena">Constance of Aragon, Lady of Villena</a>, Spanish princess (<a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante"><i>infanta</i></a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1239" title="1239">1239</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebulo_de_Montibus" title="Ebulo de Montibus">Ebulo de Montibus</a>, Savoyan nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_di_Montelongo" title="Gregorio di Montelongo">Gregorio di Montelongo</a>, Italian bishop of <a href="/wiki/Latin_Diocese_of_Tripoli" title="Latin Diocese of Tripoli">Tripoli</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigues_VII_of_Viennois" title="Guigues VII of Viennois">Guigues VII</a>, French ruler (<a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France"><i>dauphin</i></a>) of <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Viennois</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_al-Wathiq" title="Idris al-Wathiq">Idris al-Wathiq</a> (or Abu Dabbus), Almohad ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lestrange" title="John Lestrange">John Lestrange</a>, English landowner, knight and border lord (b. 1194)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Kezhuang" title="Liu Kezhuang">Liu Kezhuang</a>, Chinese poet and literary critic (b. <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberto_Pallavicino" title="Oberto Pallavicino">Oberto Pallavicino</a>, Italian nobleman (<a href="/wiki/Signoria" title="Signoria"><i>signore</i></a>) and field captain (b. <a href="/wiki/1197" title="1197">1197</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylko_Romanovych" title="Vasylko Romanovych">Vasylko Romanovych</a>, Grand Prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Kiev</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1203" title="1203">1203</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_(III)_de_Beauchamp" title="William (III) de Beauchamp">William (III) de Beauchamp</a>, English nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1260s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0a_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0a_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCobb2014" class="citation book cs1">Cobb, Paul M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gn8yDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA224"><i>The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-061446-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-061446-1"><bdi>978-0-19-061446-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Race+for+Paradise%3A+An+Islamic+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-061446-1&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgn8yDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2Bqutuz%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLower2018" class="citation book cs1">Lower, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHlUDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA19"><i>The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874432-0"><bdi>978-0-19-874432-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tunis+Crusade+of+1270%3A+A+Mediterranean+History&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-874432-0&rft.aulast=Lower&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBHlUDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2Bqutuz%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1a_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1a_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeisamiStarkey1998" class="citation book cs1">Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sx1bqgibKhQC&q=1260+Ibn+al-Abbar&pg=PA301"><i>Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature</i></a>. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18571-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18571-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18571-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arabic+Literature&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18571-4&rft.aulast=Meisami&rft.aufirst=Julie+Scott&rft.au=Starkey%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsx1bqgibKhQC%26q%3D1260%2BIbn%2Bal-Abbar%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Anita. <i>Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">204–</span>205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Benadiri+People+of+Somalia+with+Particular+Reference+to+the+Reer+Hamar+of+Mogadishu&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E204-%3C%2Fspan%3E205&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Anita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllsen2004" class="citation book cs1">Allsen, Thomas T. (2004) [2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&q=toluid+1260"><i>Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia</i></a>. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60270-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60270-9"><bdi>978-0-521-60270-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Conquest+in+Mongol+Eurasia&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+New+York%2C+Melbourne%2C+Madrid%2C+Cape+Town&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-60270-9&rft.aulast=Allsen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0StLNcKQNUoC%26q%3Dtoluid%2B1260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. 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Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-672-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-672-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA%2C+Denver%2C+CO+and+Oxford&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-672-5&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5_tSnygvbIC%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BAin%2BJalut%26pg%3DPA283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmitai-Preiss2004" class="citation book cs1">Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (2004) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DFO-eV9cQ0sC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut"><i>Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281</i></a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52290-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52290-8"><bdi>978-0-521-52290-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongols+and+Mamluks%3A+The+Mamluk-Ilkhanid+War%2C+1260%E2%80%931281&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52290-8&rft.aulast=Amitai-Preiss&rft.aufirst=Reuven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDFO-eV9cQ0sC%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BAin%2BJalut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhuZhangLiuCai2016" class="citation book cs1">Zhu, Ruixi; Zhang, Bangwei; Liu, Fusheng; Cai, Chongbang; Wang, Zengyu (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=40elDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jingding+southern+song&pg=PA757"><i>A Social History of Medieval China</i></a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 757. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16786-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-16786-5"><bdi>978-1-107-16786-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+Medieval+China&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=757&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-16786-5&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Ruixi&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Bangwei&rft.au=Liu%2C+Fusheng&rft.au=Cai%2C+Chongbang&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zengyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D40elDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BJingding%2Bsouthern%2Bsong%26pg%3DPA757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMass1989" class="citation book cs1">Mass, Jeffrey P. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-sAAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Sh%C5%8Dgen&pg=PA216"><i>Lordship and Inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Soryo System</i></a>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">215–</span>216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1540-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-1540-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-1540-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lordship+and+Inheritance+in+Early+Medieval+Japan%3A+A+Study+of+the+Kamakura+Soryo+System&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E216&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1540-9&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDy-sAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D1260%2BSh%25C5%258Dgen%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConlan2011" class="citation book cs1">Conlan, Thomas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m34p1f93HogC&q=1260+Bun%27%C5%8D&pg=PA81"><i>From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth Century Japan</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977810-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977810-2"><bdi>978-0-19-977810-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sovereign+to+Symbol%3A+An+Age+of+Ritual+Determinism+in+Fourteenth+Century+Japan&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-977810-2&rft.aulast=Conlan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm34p1f93HogC%26q%3D1260%2BBun%2527%25C5%258D%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrant2011" class="citation book cs1">Grant, R. G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Kressenbrunn&pg=PA175"><i>1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History</i></a>. New York: Book Sales. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-3553-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-3553-0"><bdi>978-0-7858-3553-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Battles+That+Changed+the+Course+of+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Book+Sales&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ZNADwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BKressenbrunn%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaques2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Jaques, Tony (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&q=1260+Battle+of+Durbe&pg=PA320"><i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges</i></a>. Vol. I: A-E. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33537-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33537-2"><bdi>978-0-313-33537-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT+and+London&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33537-2&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3amnMPTPP5MC%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BDurbe%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrollope1865" class="citation book cs1">Trollope, Thomas Adolphus (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1QAOAQAAIAAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PA161"><i>A History of the Commonwealth of Florence: From the Earliest Independence of the Commune to the Fall of the Republic in 1531</i></a>. Vol. I. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. <span class="nowrap">154–</span>160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Florence%3A+From+the+Earliest+Independence+of+the+Commune+to+the+Fall+of+the+Republic+in+1531&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E154-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Trollope&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Adolphus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1QAOAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BMontaperti%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLincoln2014" class="citation book cs1">Lincoln, Bruce (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-frZAwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PT36"><i>Discourse and the Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual, and Classification</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937238-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937238-6"><bdi>978-0-19-937238-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourse+and+the+Construction+of+Society%3A+Comparative+Studies+of+Myth%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Classification&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-937238-6&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-frZAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BBattle%2Bof%2BMontaperti%26pg%3DPT36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGyllenbok2018" class="citation book cs1">Gyllenbok, Jan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0VYDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Saxony&pg=PA1266"><i>Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures</i></a>. Science Networks Historical Studies 57. Vol. 2. Cham, Switzerland: Birkhäuser. p. 1266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-66691-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-66691-4"><bdi>978-3-319-66691-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Historical+Metrology%2C+Weights%2C+and+Measures&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.series=Science+Networks+Historical+Studies+57&rft.pages=1266&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-66691-4&rft.aulast=Gyllenbok&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0VYDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BSaxony%26pg%3DPA1266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFritz_Rudolf_Künker_GmbH_&_Co._KG2008" class="citation book cs1">Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWd0mimd-dMC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA261"><i>Künker Auktion 137 – The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins, 1000 Years of European Coinage, Part III: England, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkan, the Middle East, Crusader States, Jetons und Weights</i></a>. Osnabrück, Germany: Numismatischer Verlag Künker. p. 261.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%BCnker+Auktion+137+%E2%80%93+The+De+Wit+Collection+of+Medieval+Coins%2C+1000+Years+of+European+Coinage%2C+Part+III%3A+England%2C+Ireland%2C+Scotland%2C+Spain%2C+Portugal%2C+Italy%2C+Balkan%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+Crusader+States%2C+Jetons+und+Weights&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pages=261&rft.pub=Numismatischer+Verlag+K%C3%BCnker&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Fritz+Rudolf+K%C3%BCnker+GmbH+%26+Co.+KG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWd0mimd-dMC%26q%3D1260%2BCroatia%2Bban%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1">Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA22"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5"><bdi>978-0-472-08260-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-472-08260-5&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC%26q%3D1260%2BCroatia%2Bban%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorganstern2011" class="citation book cs1">Morganstern, Anne McGee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcNViPYPgLQC&q=1260+Chartres+Cathedral&pg=PA54-IA2">"Chapter Five: The North Transept Porch of Chartres Cathedral"</a>. <i>High Gothic Sculpture at Chartres Cathedral, the Tomb of the Count of Joigny, and the Master of the Warrior Saints</i>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04865-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04865-9"><bdi>978-0-271-04865-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Five%3A+The+North+Transept+Porch+of+Chartres+Cathedral&rft.btitle=High+Gothic+Sculpture+at+Chartres+Cathedral%2C+the+Tomb+of+the+Count+of+Joigny%2C+and+the+Master+of+the+Warrior+Saints&rft.place=University+Park%2C+PA&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-271-04865-9&rft.aulast=Morganstern&rft.aufirst=Anne+McGee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQcNViPYPgLQC%26q%3D1260%2BChartres%2BCathedral%26pg%3DPA54-IA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRyan1995" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, William Granger (1995) [1993]. Vorágine, Jacobo de (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rQnm3sNf4MUC&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PP17"><i>The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00153-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00153-1"><bdi>978-0-691-00153-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Legend%3A+Readings+on+the+Saints&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00153-1&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=William+Granger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrQnm3sNf4MUC%26q%3D1260%2BJacobus%2Bda%2BVaragine%26pg%3DPP17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelaure2018" class="citation book cs1">Delaure, Dominic E. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qmdjDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PA121">"Chapter 4: Concepts of Solitude in Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea"</a>. In Enenkel, Karl A. E.; Göttler, Christine (eds.). <i>Solitudo: Spaces and Places of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures</i>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004367432" title="Special:BookSources/9789004367432"><bdi>9789004367432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Concepts+of+Solitude+in+Jacobus+de+Voragine%27s+Legenda+aurea&rft.btitle=Solitudo%3A+Spaces+and+Places+of+Solitude+in+Late+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Cultures&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789004367432&rft.aulast=Delaure&rft.aufirst=Dominic+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqmdjDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BJacobus%2Bda%2BVaragine%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuckleyJepson2009" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jonathan; Jepson, Tim (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oXi0BgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Christ+between+the+Virgin+and+St+Minias&pg=PA164"><i>The Rough Guide to Florence & the best of Tuscany</i></a>. New York, London, Delhi: Rough Guides UK. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84836-197-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84836-197-3"><bdi>978-1-84836-197-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Florence+%26+the+best+of+Tuscany&rft.place=New+York%2C+London%2C+Delhi&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Rough+Guides+UK&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84836-197-3&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Jepson%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoXi0BgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BChrist%2Bbetween%2Bthe%2BVirgin%2Band%2BSt%2BMinias%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLord2008" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Suzanne (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJFxDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA59"><i>Music in the Middle Ages: A Reference Guide: A Reference Guide</i></a>. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08368-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08368-6"><bdi>978-0-313-08368-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+A+Reference+Guide%3A+A+Reference+Guide&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT+and+London&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-08368-6&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJFxDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BArs%2BCantus%2BMensurabilis%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeraino2011" class="citation book cs1">Peraino, Judith A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySQ49B5JyIgC&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA89"><i>Giving Voice to Love: Song and Self-Expression from the Troubadours to Guillaume de Machaut</i></a>. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975724-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975724-4"><bdi>978-0-19-975724-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giving+Voice+to+Love%3A+Song+and+Self-Expression+from+the+Troubadours+to+Guillaume+de+Machaut&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975724-4&rft.aulast=Peraino&rft.aufirst=Judith+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySQ49B5JyIgC%26q%3D1260%2BArs%2BCantus%2BMensurabilis%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMunroGittings2006" class="citation book cs1">Munro, David M.; Gittings, Bruce (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-i8ZAQAAMAAJ&q=1260+Dunkeld+Cathedral"><i>Scotland: An Encyclopedia of Places & Landscapes</i></a>. London and New York: Harper Collins. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-472466-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-472466-9"><bdi>978-0-00-472466-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Places+%26+Landscapes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-00-472466-9&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Gittings%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-i8ZAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D1260%2BDunkeld%2BCathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwenson2013" class="citation book cs1">Swenson, Astrid (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R4DBAgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Meissen+Cathedral&pg=PA265"><i>The Rise of Heritage: Preserving the Past in France, Germany and England, 1789–1914</i></a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-46911-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-46911-2"><bdi>978-1-107-46911-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Heritage%3A+Preserving+the+Past+in+France%2C+Germany+and+England%2C+1789%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-46911-2&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=Astrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR4DBAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BMeissen%2BCathedral%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagillAves1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&q=1260+Pisa+pulpit+Pisano&pg=PA747"><i>Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages</i></a>. Vol. II: The Middle Ages. London and New York: Routledge. p. 747. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-041-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-041-4"><bdi>978-1-57958-041-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+World+Biography%3A+The+Middle+Ages&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=747&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-041-4&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank+Northen&rft.au=Aves%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCurSh3Sh_KMC%26q%3D1260%2BPisa%2Bpulpit%2BPisano%26pg%3DPA747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeown2003" class="citation book cs1">Keown, Damien (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=985a1M7L1NcC&q=1260+theravada+sukhothai&pg=PA299"><i>A Dictionary of Buddhism</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-157917-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-157917-2"><bdi>978-0-19-157917-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Buddhism&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-157917-2&rft.aulast=Keown&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D985a1M7L1NcC%26q%3D1260%2Btheravada%2Bsukhothai%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2017" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, Frances (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VDE9DwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Joachim+of+Fiore&pg=PA243">"The Influence of Joachim in the 13th Century"</a>. In Riedl, Matthias (ed.). <i>A Companion to Joachim of Fiore</i>. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. pp. <span class="nowrap">241–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004339668" title="Special:BookSources/9789004339668"><bdi>9789004339668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Joachim+in+the+13th+Century&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Joachim+of+Fiore&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.series=Brill%27s+Companions+to+the+Christian+Tradition&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004339668&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVDE9DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BJoachim%2Bof%2BFiore%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 240. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). <i>The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453</i>, pp. 40–41. University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2">0-8122-1620-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicol, Donald M. (1993). <i>The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453</i>, p. 35 (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43991-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43991-6">978-0-521-43991-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hackel, Sergei (2001). <i>The Byzantine Saint</i>, p. 71 (2001 ed.). St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-202-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-202-3">0-88141-202-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossabi, Morris (1988). <i>Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times</i>, p. 51. Los Angeles: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06740-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06740-0">978-0-520-06740-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLock2013" class="citation book cs1">Lock, Peter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkCKZ9Hs4-QC"><i>The Routledge Companion to the Crusades</i></a>. Routledge. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135131371" title="Special:BookSources/9781135131371"><bdi>9781135131371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+the+Crusades&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135131371&rft.aulast=Lock&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkCKZ9Hs4-QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology_144-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_144_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/144">144–146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=144-146&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BBC History</i>, July 2011, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1984" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.). <i>The History of the University of Oxford</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+University+in+State+and+Church&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+University+of+Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). <i>The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait</i>, p. 32. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4302-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4302-4">978-0-8122-4302-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSužiedėlis,_Simas1970–1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Mindaugas". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Lituanica" title="Encyclopedia Lituanica">Encyclopedia Lituanica</a></i>. Vol. III. Boston, Mass.: Juozas Kapočius. pp. <span class="nowrap">538–</span>543. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-114275">74-114275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mindaugas&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Lituanica&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E538-%3C%2Fspan%3E543&rft.pub=Juozas+Kapo%C4%8Dius&rft.date=1970%2F1978&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74-114275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMunro2003" class="citation journal cs1">Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>15</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">506–</span>562.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=The+Medieval+Origins+of+the+Financial+Revolution&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E506-%3C%2Fspan%3E562&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Hywel (2005). <i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i>, p. 145. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8">0-304-35730-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). <i>Venice, A Maritime Republic</i>, p. 77. 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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2">0-8122-1620-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Longnon, Jean (1969). <i>The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311</i>, pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311</i>, pp. 234–275. 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Aschehoug. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8203220312" title="Special:BookSources/8203220312">8203220312</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDonald, Russell Andrew (1997). <i>The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 100–c. 1336</i>, p. 115. Scottish Historical Monographs, Tuckwell Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898410-85-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-898410-85-2">1-898410-85-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-picard2000-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-picard2000_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPicard2000" class="citation book cs1">Picard, Christophe (2000). <i>Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique</i>. 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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2">0-8122-1620-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doubleday, Simon R. (2015). <i>The Wise King: A Christian Prince, Muslim Spain, and the Birth of the Renaissance</i>, p. 110. 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Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4302-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4302-4">978-0-8122-4302-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Charles D. (2015). <i>Medieval Maritime Warfare</i>, p. 164. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5643-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5643-1">978-1-4738-5643-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doubleday, Simon R. (2015). <i>The Wise King: A Christian Prince, Muslim Spain, and the Birth of the Renaissance</i>, p. 121. Basic Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-07391-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-07391-7">978-0-465-07391-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, L. P. (1992). <i>Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500</i>, p. 54. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31962-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31962-9">978-0-226-31962-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szũcs, Jenõ (2002). <i>Az utolsó Árpádok</i>, p. 172. [The Last Árpáds] (in Hungarian). Osiris Kiadó. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-389-271-6" title="Special:BookSources/963-389-271-6">963-389-271-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZsoldos2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zsoldos, Attila (2007). <i>Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években </i>[A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-15-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-15-4"><bdi>978-963-9627-15-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Csal%C3%A1di+%C3%BCgy%3A+IV.+B%C3%A9la+%C3%A9s+Istv%C3%A1n+ifjabb+kir%C3%A1ly+visz%C3%A1lya+az+1260-as+%C3%A9vekben+%5BA+family+affair%3A+The+Conflict+between+B%C3%A9la+IV+and+Junior+King+Stephen+in+the+1260s%5D&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.pub=Hist%C3%B3ria%2C+MTA+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nettudom%C3%A1nyi+Int%C3%A9zete&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-963-9627-15-4&rft.aulast=Zsoldos&rft.aufirst=Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology_161-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_161_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/161">161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treharne, R. F.; Sanders, I. J. (1973). <i>Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion, 1258–1267</i>, pp. 253–57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822222-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822222-X">0-19-822222-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Brooks (2015). Osprey: <i>Lewes and Evesham 1264–65</i>, p. 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1150-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1150-9">978-1-4728-1150-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Brooks (2015). Osprey: <i>Lewes and Evesham 1264–65</i>, pp. 32–33. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1150-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1150-9">978-1-4728-1150-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuscroft2006" class="citation book cs1">Huscroft, Richard (2006). <i>Expulsion: England's Jewish Solution</i>. Stroud: Tempus. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752437293" title="Special:BookSources/9780752437293"><bdi>9780752437293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expulsion%3A+England%27s+Jewish+Solution&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780752437293&rft.aulast=Huscroft&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFogle2019" class="citation book cs1">Fogle, Lauren (2019). <i>The King's Converts</i>. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498589215" title="Special:BookSources/9781498589215"><bdi>9781498589215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King%27s+Converts&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781498589215&rft.aulast=Fogle&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobs, Joseph (1903). "England". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). <i>The Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 161–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Keen (1999). <i>Medieval Warfare: A History</i>, p. 309. OUP Oxford. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164738-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164738-3">978-0-19-164738-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jobson, Adrian (2012). <i>The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War</i>, p. 132. London, UK: Bloomsbury. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84725-226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84725-226-5">978-1-84725-226-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jobson, Adrian (2012). <i>The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War</i>, pp. 136–137. London, UK: Bloomsbury. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84725-226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84725-226-5">978-1-84725-226-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLehmberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Lehmberg, Stanford (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FXlTAQAAQBAJ&q=1265+Montfort%27s+Parliament&pg=PA77"><i>A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From Prehistoric Times to 1688</i></a>. New York and London: Routledge. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134415281" title="Special:BookSources/9781134415281"><bdi>9781134415281</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Peoples+of+the+British+Isles%3A+From+Prehistoric+Times+to+1688&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781134415281&rft.aulast=Lehmberg&rft.aufirst=Stanford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFXlTAQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BMontfort%2527s%2BParliament%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZsoldos2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zsoldos, Attila (2007). <i>Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években </i>[A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s]<i><span></span></i> (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-15-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-9627-15-4"><bdi>978-963-9627-15-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Csal%C3%A1di+%C3%BCgy%3A+IV.+B%C3%A9la+%C3%A9s+Istv%C3%A1n+ifjabb+kir%C3%A1ly+visz%C3%A1lya+az+1260-as+%C3%A9vekben+%5BA+family+affair%3A+The+Conflict+between+B%C3%A9la+IV+and+Junior+King+Stephen+in+the+1260s%5D&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Hist%C3%B3ria%2C+MTA+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nettudom%C3%A1nyi+Int%C3%A9zete&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-963-9627-15-4&rft.aulast=Zsoldos&rft.aufirst=Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2007" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, Mark (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QSJoaugn2h8C&q=1265+Edward+Montfort&pg=PA97"><i>World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Facts on File Library of World History. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">97–</span>98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816074778" title="Special:BookSources/9780816074778"><bdi>9780816074778</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Military+Leaders%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Facts+on+File+Library+of+World+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780816074778&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQSJoaugn2h8C%26q%3D1265%2BEdward%2BMontfort%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSetton1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC&q=1265+Byzantine%E2%80%93Venetian+treaty&pg=PA100"><i>The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries</i></a>. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 114. Vol. I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871691149" title="Special:BookSources/9780871691149"><bdi>9780871691149</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204%E2%80%931571%3A+The+thirteenth+and+fourteenth+centuries&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.series=Memoirs+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society+114&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780871691149&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Meyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Gm79HuBY0cC%26q%3D1265%2BByzantine%25E2%2580%2593Venetian%2Btreaty%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0b-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0b_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMackintoshWallace1836" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mackintosh, James; Wallace, William (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hcAUAAAAQAAJ&q=1265+Battle+of+Evesham&pg=PA237"><i>The history of England, by sir J. Mackintosh (continued by W. Wallace, R. Bell)</i></a>. Vol. I: England. London: Longman and John Taylor. pp. <span class="nowrap">237–</span>238.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+England%2C+by+sir+J.+Mackintosh+%28continued+by+W.+Wallace%2C+R.+Bell%29.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.pub=Longman+and+John+Taylor&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Mackintosh&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Wallace%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhcAUAAAAQAAJ%26q%3D1265%2BBattle%2Bof%2BEvesham%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBullock1816" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, H. A. (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyislemanw02bullgoog"><i>History of the Isle of Man: With a Comparative View of the Past and Present State of Society and Manners, Containing Also Biographical Anecdotes of Eminent Persons Connected with that Island</i></a>. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyislemanw02bullgoog/page/n69">23</a>. <q>1265 isle of man.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Isle+of+Man%3A+With+a+Comparative+View+of+the+Past+and+Present+State+of+Society+and+Manners%2C+Containing+Also+Biographical+Anecdotes+of+Eminent+Persons+Connected+with+that+Island&rft.place=London&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Hurst%2C+Rees%2C+Orme+and+Brown&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryislemanw02bullgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanton2015" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Charles D. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aTmgBwAAQBAJ&q=1265+eighth+crusade&pg=PA104"><i>Medieval Maritime Warfare</i></a>. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473856431" title="Special:BookSources/9781473856431"><bdi>9781473856431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Maritime+Warfare&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781473856431&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Charles+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaTmgBwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2Beighth%2Bcrusade%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSlack2013" class="citation book cs1">Slack, Corliss K. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uX8e2zU_TG0C&q=1265+eighth+crusade&pg=PR32"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Crusades</i></a>. Lanham, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. pp. xxxii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810878310" title="Special:BookSources/9780810878310"><bdi>9780810878310</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Toronto%2C+Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pages=xxxii&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780810878310&rft.aulast=Slack&rft.aufirst=Corliss+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuX8e2zU_TG0C%26q%3D1265%2Beighth%2Bcrusade%26pg%3DPR32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOkazaki1986" class="citation book cs1">Okazaki, Hisahiko (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLpxAAAAMAAJ&q=1265+Kublai+Khan+Japan"><i>A grand strategy for Japanese defense</i></a>. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819153258" title="Special:BookSources/9780819153258"><bdi>9780819153258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grand+strategy+for+Japanese+defense&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780819153258&rft.aulast=Okazaki&rft.aufirst=Hisahiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLpxAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D1265%2BKublai%2BKhan%2BJapan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoitein1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Goitein, S. D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g13-owKVXY4C&q=1265+old+cairo+fire&pg=PA18"><i>A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza</i></a>. Vol. I: Economic Foundations. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles, CA and London: University of California Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520221581" title="Special:BookSources/9780520221581"><bdi>9780520221581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mediterranean+Society%3A+The+Jewish+Communities+of+the+Arab+World+as+Portrayed+in+the+Documents+of+the+Cairo+Geniza&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+and+London&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780520221581&rft.aulast=Goitein&rft.aufirst=S.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg13-owKVXY4C%26q%3D1265%2Bold%2Bcairo%2Bfire%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDwivedi2010" class="citation book cs1">Dwivedi, Rakesh (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tjmC1nnWVC8C&q=1265+Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Balban&pg=SA1-PA49"><i>Gs In 60 Days</i></a>. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 1.49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070670785" title="Special:BookSources/9780070670785"><bdi>9780070670785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gs+In+60+Days&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=1.49&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780070670785&rft.aulast=Dwivedi&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtjmC1nnWVC8C%26q%3D1265%2BGhiyas-Ud-Din-Balban%26pg%3DSA1-PA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoworth2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Howorth, Henry Hoyle (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFc4mwsHZ7IC&q=1265+nogai+khan&pg=PA123"><i>History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century</i></a>. Vol. Part 2: The So-Called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781605201344" title="Special:BookSources/9781605201344"><bdi>9781605201344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Mongols+from+the+9th+to+the+19th+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781605201344&rft.aulast=Howorth&rft.aufirst=Henry+Hoyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFc4mwsHZ7IC%26q%3D1265%2Bnogai%2Bkhan%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowell2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Powell, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dRcZAQAAIAAJ&q=1265+Kublai+Khan+Sichuan"><i>Magill's Guide to Military History</i></a>. Vol. 3: Jap-Pel. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. p. 854. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780893560171" title="Special:BookSources/9780893560171"><bdi>9780893560171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magill%27s+Guide+to+Military+History&rft.place=Pasadena%2C+CA&rft.pages=854&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780893560171&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdRcZAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D1265%2BKublai%2BKhan%2BSichuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrabone2018" class="citation book cs1">Strabone, Jeff (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TSt1DwAAQBAJ&q=1265+Book+of+Aneirin&pg=PA127"><i>Poetry and British Nationalisms in the Bardic Eighteenth Century: Imagined Antiquities</i></a>. Palgrave Studies in the Enlightenment, Romanticism and Cultures of Print. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">126–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319952550" title="Special:BookSources/9783319952550"><bdi>9783319952550</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetry+and+British+Nationalisms+in+the+Bardic+Eighteenth+Century%3A+Imagined+Antiquities&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.series=Palgrave+Studies+in+the+Enlightenment%2C+Romanticism+and+Cultures+of+Print&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E126-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9783319952550&rft.aulast=Strabone&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTSt1DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BBook%2Bof%2BAneirin%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCorte-Real2005" class="citation book cs1">Corte-Real, Antonio (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6c3bBAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Budweiser+Budvar&pg=PA155">"The Conflict Between Trade Marks and Geographical Indications - The Case of Budweiser in Portugal"</a>. In Heath, Christopher; Sanders, Anselm Kamperman (eds.). <i>New Frontiers of Intellectual Property Law: IP and Cultural Heritage – Geographical Indications – Enforcement – Overprotection</i>. Oxford and Portland, OR: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847312563" title="Special:BookSources/9781847312563"><bdi>9781847312563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Conflict+Between+Trade+Marks+and+Geographical+Indications+-+The+Case+of+Budweiser+in+Portugal&rft.btitle=New+Frontiers+of+Intellectual+Property+Law%3A+IP+and+Cultural+Heritage+%E2%80%93+Geographical+Indications+%E2%80%93+Enforcement+%E2%80%93+Overprotection&rft.place=Oxford+and+Portland%2C+OR&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781847312563&rft.aulast=Corte-Real&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6c3bBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BBudweiser%2BBudvar%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAavitsland2012" class="citation book cs1">Aavitsland, Kristin B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V54bxRUipYQC&q=1265+Ring+of+the+Fisherman&pg=PA174"><i>Imagining the Human Condition in Medieval Rome: The Cistercian Fresco Cycle at Abbazia Delle Tre Fontane</i></a>. Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409438182" title="Special:BookSources/9781409438182"><bdi>9781409438182</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+the+Human+Condition+in+Medieval+Rome%3A+The+Cistercian+Fresco+Cycle+at+Abbazia+Delle+Tre+Fontane&rft.place=Surrey+and+Burlington%2C+VT&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781409438182&rft.aulast=Aavitsland&rft.aufirst=Kristin+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV54bxRUipYQC%26q%3D1265%2BRing%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFisherman%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKunz1973" class="citation book cs1">Kunz, George Frederick (1973) [1917]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Zo6WY94Q_sC&q=1265+Ring+of+the+Fisherman&pg=PA263"><i>Rings for the Finger: From the Earliest Known Times to the Present, with Full Descriptions of the Origin, Early Making, Materials, the Archaeology, History, for Affection, for Love, for Engagement, for Wedding, Commemorative, Mourning, etc</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486144245" title="Special:BookSources/9780486144245"><bdi>9780486144245</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rings+for+the+Finger%3A+From+the+Earliest+Known+Times+to+the+Present%2C+with+Full+Descriptions+of+the+Origin%2C+Early+Making%2C+Materials%2C+the+Archaeology%2C+History%2C+for+Affection%2C+for+Love%2C+for+Engagement%2C+for+Wedding%2C+Commemorative%2C+Mourning%2C+etc&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780486144245&rft.aulast=Kunz&rft.aufirst=George+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Zo6WY94Q_sC%26q%3D1265%2BRing%2Bof%2Bthe%2BFisherman%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIzbicki2016" class="citation book cs1">Izbicki, Thomas M. (2016) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEQrDwAAQBAJ&q=1265+pope+Clement+IV&pg=PA230">"Clement IV"</a>. In Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A. (eds.). <i>Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia</i>. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351665667" title="Special:BookSources/9781351665667"><bdi>9781351665667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clement+IV&rft.btitle=Routledge+Revivals%3A+Medieval+France+%281995%29%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781351665667&rft.aulast=Izbicki&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEQrDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2Bpope%2BClement%2BIV%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). <i>The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait</i>, p. 46. University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6">978-0-8122-0463-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esposito, Gabriele (2019). <i>Armies of the Medieval Italian Wars 1125–1325</i>, p. 39. Bloomsbury Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472833426" title="Special:BookSources/9781472833426">9781472833426</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). <i>The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle of the Strait</i>, p. 47. University of Pennsylvania Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0463-6">978-0-8122-0463-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Charles D. (2015). <i>Medieval Maritime Warfare</i>, p. 165. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5643-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-5643-1">978-1-4738-5643-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/when-hebrideans-were-offered-a-new-start-in-norway-1-4372635">"When Hebrideans were offered a new start in Norway"</a>. <i>Scotsman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotsman&rft.atitle=When+Hebrideans+were+offered+a+new+start+in+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fwhen-hebrideans-were-offered-a-new-start-in-norway-1-4372635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/144">144–146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=144-146&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBH-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBH_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmerVeronica1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Roberts (2011). <i>Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)</i>, pp. 194–196. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85738-589-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85738-589-5">978-0-85738-589-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 268. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSymons2013" class="citation book cs1">Symons, Van Jay (2013). Friedman, John Block; Figg, Kristen Mossler (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&q=1267+Khanbaliq&pg=PA319"><i>Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. New York and London: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">319–</span>320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135590949" title="Special:BookSources/9781135590949"><bdi>9781135590949</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Travel%2C+and+Exploration+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E320&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135590949&rft.aulast=Symons&rft.aufirst=Van+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-OmCfNI_SxAC%26q%3D1267%2BKhanbaliq%26pg%3DPA319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIqbal2007" class="citation book cs1">Iqbal, Muzaffar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3KVAmUrZ_bcC&q=1267+first+muslim+state+Indonesia&pg=PR31"><i>Science and Islam</i></a>. Westport, CN and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. xxxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313335761" title="Special:BookSources/9780313335761"><bdi>9780313335761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Islam&rft.place=Westport%2C+CN+and+London&rft.pages=xxxi&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780313335761&rft.aulast=Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Muzaffar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KVAmUrZ_bcC%26q%3D1267%2Bfirst%2Bmuslim%2Bstate%2BIndonesia%26pg%3DPR31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelton2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Melton, J. Gordon (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&q=1267+morocco&pg=PA855"><i>Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History</i></a>. Vol. II: 500 - 1399 CE. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610690263" title="Special:BookSources/9781610690263"><bdi>9781610690263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faiths+Across+Time%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+Religious+History&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA%2C+Denver%2C+CO+and+Oxford&rft.pages=855&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781610690263&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbI9_AwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2Bmorocco%26pg%3DPA855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParppei2017" class="citation book cs1">Parppei, Kati M. J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tRX0DQAAQBAJ&q=1268+battle+of+rakvere&pg=PA129"><i>The Battle of Kulikovo Refought: "The First National Feat"</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004337947" title="Special:BookSources/9789004337947"><bdi>9789004337947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Kulikovo+Refought%3A+%22The+First+National+Feat%22&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004337947&rft.aulast=Parppei&rft.aufirst=Kati+M.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtRX0DQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2Bbattle%2Bof%2Brakvere%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinlay1854" class="citation book cs1">Finlay, George (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPPELPzrQwYC&q=1268+venetia+byzantine+peace+treaty&pg=PA441"><i>History of the Byzantine Empire, from DCCXVI to MLVII</i></a>. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood and Sons. p. 441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+Empire%2C+from+DCCXVI+to+MLVII&rft.place=Edinburgh+and+London&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=W.+Blackwood+and+Sons&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPPELPzrQwYC%26q%3D1268%2Bvenetia%2Bbyzantine%2Bpeace%2Btreaty%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmall2004" class="citation book cs1">Small, Carola M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1268+battle+of+tagliacozzo&pg=PT1098">"Battle of Tagliacozzo"</a>. In Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). <i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i>. New York and London: Routledge. p. 1068. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135948801" title="Special:BookSources/9781135948801"><bdi>9781135948801</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Tagliacozzo&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=1068&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781135948801&rft.aulast=Small&rft.aufirst=Carola+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2Bbattle%2Bof%2Btagliacozzo%26pg%3DPT1098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1268+conradin&pg=PA286"><i>A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East</i></a>. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851096725" title="Special:BookSources/9781851096725"><bdi>9781851096725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East+%5B6+volumes%5D%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA%2C+Denver%2C+CO+and+Oxford&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781851096725&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5_tSnygvbIC%26q%3D1268%2Bconradin%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFineFine1994" class="citation book cs1">Fine, John V. A.; Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=1268+stephen+V+hungary+bulgaria&pg=PA180"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472082605" title="Special:BookSources/9780472082605"><bdi>9780472082605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780472082605&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.&rft.au=Fine%2C+John+Van+Antwerp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC%26q%3D1268%2Bstephen%2BV%2Bhungary%2Bbulgaria%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMadgearu2016" class="citation book cs1">Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S9nzDQAAQBAJ&q=1268+stephen+V+hungary+bulgaria&pg=PA255"><i>The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1280)</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004333192" title="Special:BookSources/9789004333192"><bdi>9789004333192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Asanids%3A+The+Political+and+Military+History+of+the+Second+Bulgarian+Empire+%281185-1280%29&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9789004333192&rft.aulast=Madgearu&rft.aufirst=Alexandru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS9nzDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2Bstephen%2BV%2Bhungary%2Bbulgaria%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMöller1822" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Möller, Arnold Wilhelm (1822). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmdYAAAAcAAJ&q=1268+Wernigerode+Brandenburg&pg=PA13"><i>Versuch einer Territorialgeschichte des preußischen Staates, oder kurze Darstellung des Wachsthums der Besitzungen des Hauses Brandenburg seit dem zwölften Jahrhundert. Mit einer illumin. Karte</i></a> (in German). Hamm und Münster: Schulz u. Wundermann. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Versuch+einer+Territorialgeschichte+des+preu%C3%9Fischen+Staates%2C+oder+kurze+Darstellung+des+Wachsthums+der+Besitzungen+des+Hauses+Brandenburg+seit+dem+zw%C3%B6lften+Jahrhundert.+Mit+einer+illumin.+Karte&rft.place=Hamm+und+M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.pub=Schulz+u.+Wundermann&rft.date=1822&rft.aulast=M%C3%B6ller&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmdYAAAAcAAJ%26q%3D1268%2BWernigerode%2BBrandenburg%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDean2000" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Trevor (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=skmMs7TGPZIC&q=1268+electing+doge+venice&pg=PA219"><i>The Towns of Italy in the Later Middle Ages</i></a>. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719052040" title="Special:BookSources/9780719052040"><bdi>9780719052040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Towns+of+Italy+in+the+Later+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Manchester+and+New+York&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780719052040&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DskmMs7TGPZIC%26q%3D1268%2Belecting%2Bdoge%2Bvenice%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSetton1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC&q=1268+Pope+clement+IV+died&pg=PA106"><i>The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries</i></a>. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871691149" title="Special:BookSources/9780871691149"><bdi>9780871691149</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204-1571%3A+The+thirteenth+and+fourteenth+centuries&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.series=Memoirs+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780871691149&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Meyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Gm79HuBY0cC%26q%3D1268%2BPope%2Bclement%2BIV%2Bdied%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZirpolo2009" class="citation book cs1">Zirpolo, Lilian H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fvf5ybzFBmIC&q=1268+nicola+pisano+Siena&pg=PA342"><i>The A to Z of Renaissance Art</i></a>. Lanham, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">342–</span>343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810870437" title="Special:BookSources/9780810870437"><bdi>9780810870437</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+Renaissance+Art&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Toronto%2C+Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E342-%3C%2Fspan%3E343&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810870437&rft.aulast=Zirpolo&rft.aufirst=Lilian+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFvf5ybzFBmIC%26q%3D1268%2Bnicola%2Bpisano%2BSiena%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill2009" class="citation book cs1">McNeill, William H. (2009) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2w2k8sMDCoC&q=1268+carnival+in+venice&pg=PA269"><i>Venice: The Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797</i></a>. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226561547" title="Special:BookSources/9780226561547"><bdi>9780226561547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%3A+The+Hinge+of+Europe%2C+1081-1797&rft.place=Chicago+and+London&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780226561547&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2w2k8sMDCoC%26q%3D1268%2Bcarnival%2Bin%2Bvenice%26pg%3DPA269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOliver2012" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Garrett (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&q=1268+france+hops+in+beer&pg=PA464"><i>The Oxford Companion to Beer</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195367133" title="Special:BookSources/9780195367133"><bdi>9780195367133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Beer&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780195367133&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGa4MYyZq-RMC%26q%3D1268%2Bfrance%2Bhops%2Bin%2Bbeer%26pg%3DPA464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fotw.info/flags/sk-kolar.html">"Kolárovo city, Slovakia"</a>. <i>fotw.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fotw.info&rft.atitle=Kol%C3%A1rovo+city%2C+Slovakia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Fsk-kolar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2004" class="citation book cs1">Bradbury, Jim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Battle+of+Antioch&pg=PA185"><i>The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134598472" title="Special:BookSources/9781134598472"><bdi>9781134598472</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Medieval+Warfare&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781134598472&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3FRsBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BBattle%2Bof%2BAntioch%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtis_Wright2013" class="citation book cs1">Curtis Wright, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC&q=1268+Battle+of+Xiangyang&pg=PA141">"Debates in the Field During Bayan's Campaigns Against Southern Song China, 1274 - 1276"</a>. In Lorge, Peter A. (ed.). <i>Debating War in Chinese History</i>. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004244795" title="Special:BookSources/9789004244795"><bdi>9789004244795</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Debates+in+the+Field+During+Bayan%27s+Campaigns+Against+Southern+Song+China%2C+1274+-+1276&rft.btitle=Debating+War+in+Chinese+History&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004244795&rft.aulast=Curtis+Wright&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeWD4xmLYyXIC%26q%3D1268%2BBattle%2Bof%2BXiangyang%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaryGluckTiedemannVarley2002" class="citation book cs1">Bary, Wm. Theodore de; Gluck, Carol; Tiedemann, Arthur; Varley, Paul (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aWxN1Fq_ueoC&q=1268+Kublai+Khan+Japan&pg=PA280">"The Mongol Invasion of Japan"</a>. <i>Sources of Japanese Tradition</i> (Second: From Earliest Times to 1600 ed.). New York and Chichester, UK: Columbia University Press. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231518055" title="Special:BookSources/9780231518055"><bdi>9780231518055</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mongol+Invasion+of+Japan&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Japanese+Tradition&rft.place=New+York+and+Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pages=280&rft.edition=Second%3A+From+Earliest+Times+to+1600&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780231518055&rft.aulast=Bary&rft.aufirst=Wm.+Theodore+de&rft.au=Gluck%2C+Carol&rft.au=Tiedemann%2C+Arthur&rft.au=Varley%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaWxN1Fq_ueoC%26q%3D1268%2BKublai%2BKhan%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walford, Cornelius (1879) <i>The famines of the world: past and present</i> London, page 55, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38724391">38724391</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lomnitz, Cinna (1974) <i>Global Tectonics and Earthquake Risk</i> Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., Amsterdam, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-41076-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-41076-7">0-444-41076-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGatesRitchie2007" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Alexander E.; Ritchie, David (2007) [1994]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b1sXfJCiCHQC&q=1268+Cilicia+earthquake&pg=PA292"><i>Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes</i></a> (Third ed.). New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816072705" title="Special:BookSources/9780816072705"><bdi>9780816072705</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Earthquakes+and+Volcanoes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=292&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780816072705&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Alexander+E.&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db1sXfJCiCHQC%26q%3D1268%2BCilicia%2Bearthquake%26pg%3DPA292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShakabpa2010" class="citation book cs1">Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lGyrymfDdI0C&q=1268+mongol+script&pg=PA224"><i>One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004177321" title="Special:BookSources/9789004177321"><bdi>9789004177321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+Thousand+Moons%3A+An+Advanced+Political+History+of+Tibet&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004177321&rft.aulast=Shakabpa&rft.aufirst=Tsepon+Wangchuk+Deden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlGyrymfDdI0C%26q%3D1268%2Bmongol%2Bscript%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerris1902" class="citation journal cs1">Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". <i>American Historical Review</i>. <b>8</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Financial+Relations+of+the+Knights+Templars+to+the+English+Crown&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Ferris&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abun-Nasir, Jamil (1987). <i>A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period</i>, pp. 103–118. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521337674" title="Special:BookSources/0521337674">0521337674</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2014" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Joseph J. F. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBQEDAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Kyawswa&pg=PA18"><i>Maitreya Buddha in I-Kuan Tao</i></a>. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4969-4659-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4969-4659-1"><bdi>978-1-4969-4659-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maitreya+Buddha+in+I-Kuan+Tao&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4969-4659-1&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Joseph+J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEBQEDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BKyawswa%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMariana2011" class="citation book cs1">Mariana, Juan de (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Pc2n2n7HVUC&q=1260+Enguerrand+de+Marigny&pg=PA77"><i>A Treatise on the Alteration of Money: Sources in Early Modern Economics, Ethics, and Law</i></a>. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/wiki/Christian%27s_Library_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian's Library Press">Christian's Library Press</a>. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880595-88-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880595-88-6"><bdi>978-1-880595-88-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+the+Alteration+of+Money%3A+Sources+in+Early+Modern+Economics%2C+Ethics%2C+and+Law&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Christian%27s+Library+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-880595-88-6&rft.aulast=Mariana&rft.aufirst=Juan+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Pc2n2n7HVUC%26q%3D1260%2BEnguerrand%2Bde%2BMarigny%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen1887" class="citation book cs1">Stephen, Sir Leslie (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9opAAAAYAAJ&q=1260+Henry+de+Cobham"><i>Dictionary of National Biography</i></a>. London: Smith, Elder, & Company. p. 155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder%2C+%26+Company&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Sir+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9opAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D1260%2BHenry%2Bde%2BCobham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntonín2017" class="citation book cs1">Antonín, Robert (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bq9DgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Matthew+III+Cs%C3%A1k&pg=PA397"><i>The Ideal Ruler in Medieval Bohemia</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004341128" title="Special:BookSources/9789004341128"><bdi>9789004341128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ideal+Ruler+in+Medieval+Bohemia&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004341128&rft.aulast=Anton%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Bq9DgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BMatthew%2BIII%2BCs%25C3%25A1k%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEckhart1981" class="citation book cs1">Eckhart, Meister (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAYxzu8zqK8C&q=1260+Meister+Eckhart"><i>Meister Eckhart: The Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense</i></a>. The Classics of Western Spirituality. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2370-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2370-4"><bdi>978-0-8091-2370-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meister+Eckhart%3A+The+Essential+Sermons%2C+Commentaries%2C+Treatises%2C+and+Defense&rft.place=Mahwah%2C+NJ&rft.series=The+Classics+of+Western+Spirituality&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-2370-4&rft.aulast=Eckhart&rft.aufirst=Meister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYAYxzu8zqK8C%26q%3D1260%2BMeister%2BEckhart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAertsen1998" class="citation book cs1">Aertsen, Jan A. (1998). Craig, Edward (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8FWa85vgoTQC&q=1260+Meister+Eckhart&pg=PA287"><i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i></a>. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">286–</span>288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18715-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18715-2"><bdi>978-0-415-18715-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E286-%3C%2Fspan%3E288&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18715-2&rft.aulast=Aertsen&rft.aufirst=Jan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8FWa85vgoTQC%26q%3D1260%2BMeister%2BEckhart%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAguilera-Barchet2014" class="citation book cs1">Aguilera-Barchet, Bruno (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zUsIBgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Guillaume+de+Nogaret&pg=PA217"><i>A History of Western Public Law: Between Nation and State</i></a>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-11803-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-11803-1"><bdi>978-3-319-11803-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Public+Law%3A+Between+Nation+and+State&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-11803-1&rft.aulast=Aguilera-Barchet&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUsIBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BGuillaume%2Bde%2BNogaret%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgarwalSen2014" class="citation book cs1">Agarwal, Ravi P.; Sen, Syamal K. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bENTBQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Maximus+Planudes&pg=PA124"><i>Creators of Mathematical and Computational Sciences</i></a>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-10870-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-10870-4"><bdi>978-3-319-10870-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creators+of+Mathematical+and+Computational+Sciences&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-10870-4&rft.aulast=Agarwal&rft.aufirst=Ravi+P.&rft.au=Sen%2C+Syamal+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbENTBQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BMaximus%2BPlanudes%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobins2011" class="citation book cs1">Robins, Robert H. (2011) [1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pZzix9xg7o8C&q=1260+Maximus+Planudes&pg=PA201"><i>The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History</i></a>. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 70. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-085722-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-085722-1"><bdi>978-3-11-085722-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Grammarians%3A+Their+Place+in+History&rft.place=Berlin%2C+New+York&rft.series=Trends+in+Linguistics.+Studies+and+Monographs+70&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-11-085722-1&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpZzix9xg7o8C%26q%3D1260%2BMaximus%2BPlanudes%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayor2014" class="citation book cs1">Mayor, Adrienne (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rboWBAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Khutulun&pg=PA402"><i>The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6513-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6513-0"><bdi>978-1-4008-6513-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amazons%3A+Lives+and+Legends+of+Warrior+Women+across+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6513-0&rft.aulast=Mayor&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrboWBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BKhutulun%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMostow2014" class="citation book cs1">Mostow, Joshua S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WgqJBAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Emperor+Fushimi&pg=PA99"><i>Courtly Visions: The Ise Stories and the Politics of Cultural Appropriation</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004249431" title="Special:BookSources/9789004249431"><bdi>9789004249431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Courtly+Visions%3A+The+Ise+Stories+and+the+Politics+of+Cultural+Appropriation&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789004249431&rft.aulast=Mostow&rft.aufirst=Joshua+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWgqJBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BEmperor%2BFushimi%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTonʼa2003" class="citation book cs1">Tonʼa (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AsczCgAAQBAJ&q=1265+Emperor+Fushimi&pg=PA232"><i>Just Living: Poems and Prose by the Japanese Monk Tonna</i></a>. Translated by Steven D. Carter. New York and Chichester, UK: Columbia University Press. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231125536" title="Special:BookSources/9780231125536"><bdi>9780231125536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+Living%3A+Poems+and+Prose+by+the+Japanese+Monk+Tonna&rft.place=New+York+and+Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780231125536&rft.au=Ton%CA%BCa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAsczCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BEmperor%2BFushimi%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTonʼa2003" class="citation book cs1">Tonʼa (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AsczCgAAQBAJ&q=1267+Emperor+Go-Uda&pg=PA232"><i>Just Living: Poems and Prose by the Japanese Monk Tonna</i></a>. New York and Chichester, UK: Columbia University Press. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231125536" title="Special:BookSources/9780231125536"><bdi>9780231125536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+Living%3A+Poems+and+Prose+by+the+Japanese+Monk+Tonna&rft.place=New+York+and+Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780231125536&rft.au=Ton%CA%BCa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAsczCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2BEmperor%2BGo-Uda%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMass1997" class="citation book cs1">Mass, Jeffrey P. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0-dGA8JtXcC&q=1267+Emperor+Go-Uda&pg=PA274"><i>The Origins of Japan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century</i></a>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804743792" title="Special:BookSources/9780804743792"><bdi>9780804743792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Japan%27s+Medieval+World%3A+Courtiers%2C+Clerics%2C+Warriors%2C+and+Peasants+in+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780804743792&rft.aulast=Mass&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-0-dGA8JtXcC%26q%3D1267%2BEmperor%2BGo-Uda%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Thomas, Joseph (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U688e78e9wkC&q=1265+Alfonso+III+Aragon&pg=PA91"><i>The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology</i></a>. Vol. I: A - CLU. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616400699" title="Special:BookSources/9781616400699"><bdi>9781616400699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Universal+Dictionary+of+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781616400699&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU688e78e9wkC%26q%3D1265%2BAlfonso%2BIII%2BAragon%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToynbee2005" class="citation book cs1">Toynbee, Paget (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J1UbfjYqBDYC&q=1265+Dante+Alighieri&pg=PA36">"Part II: Dante in Florence"</a>. <i>Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works</i>. Mineola, NY: Courier Corporation. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486146423" title="Special:BookSources/9780486146423"><bdi>9780486146423</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+II%3A+Dante+in+Florence&rft.btitle=Dante+Alighieri%3A+His+Life+and+Works&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780486146423&rft.aulast=Toynbee&rft.aufirst=Paget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ1UbfjYqBDYC%26q%3D1265%2BDante%2BAlighieri%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Therese (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpYz-JIpjR8C&q=1265+Maria+de+Molina&pg=PA1083"><i>Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture</i></a>. Visualising the Middle Ages. Vol. Two. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 1083. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004185555" title="Special:BookSources/9789004185555"><bdi>9789004185555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reassessing+the+Roles+of+Women+as+%27Makers%27+of+Medieval+Art+and+Architecture&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.series=Visualising+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=1083&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789004185555&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpYz-JIpjR8C%26q%3D1265%2BMaria%2Bde%2BMolina%26pg%3DPA1083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberson2003" class="citation book cs1">Roberson, Gloria G. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldoftonimorri0000robe"><i>The World of Toni Morrison: A Guide to Characters and Places in Her Novels</i></a></span>. Wesport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldoftonimorri0000robe/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313323805" title="Special:BookSources/9780313323805"><bdi>9780313323805</bdi></a>. <q>1265 Beatrice Portinari.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Toni+Morrison%3A+A+Guide+to+Characters+and+Places+in+Her+Novels&rft.place=Wesport%2C+CT+and+London&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780313323805&rft.aulast=Roberson&rft.aufirst=Gloria+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldoftonimorri0000robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDyer2016" class="citation book cs1">Dyer, Ray (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUwEDAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Beatrice+Portinari&pg=PR50"><i>Lady Muriel: The Victorian Romance by Lewis Carroll</i></a>. Kibworth Beauchamp, UK: Troubador Publishing Ltd. pp. l. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781785890314" title="Special:BookSources/9781785890314"><bdi>9781785890314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Muriel%3A+The+Victorian+Romance+by+Lewis+Carroll&rft.place=Kibworth+Beauchamp%2C+UK&rft.pages=l&rft.pub=Troubador+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781785890314&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUwEDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BBeatrice%2BPortinari%26pg%3DPR50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGemmill2013" class="citation book cs1">Gemmill, Elizabeth (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vLuZ0FBF7GEC&q=1267+richard+fitzalan&pg=PA8"><i>The Nobility and Ecclesiastical Patronage in Thirteenth-Century England</i></a>. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843838128" title="Special:BookSources/9781843838128"><bdi>9781843838128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nobility+and+Ecclesiastical+Patronage+in+Thirteenth-Century+England&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781843838128&rft.aulast=Gemmill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvLuZ0FBF7GEC%26q%3D1267%2Brichard%2Bfitzalan%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaspert2019" class="citation book cs1">Jaspert, Nikolas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxqNDwAAQBAJ&q=1267+James+II+Aragon&pg=PA20"><i>Queens, Princesses and Mendicants: Close Relations in a European Perspective</i></a>. Vita Regularis - Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter. Zürich, Switzerland: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783643910929" title="Special:BookSources/9783643910929"><bdi>9783643910929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queens%2C+Princesses+and+Mendicants%3A+Close+Relations+in+a+European+Perspective&rft.place=Z%C3%BCrich%2C+Switzerland&rft.series=Vita+Regularis+-+Ordnungen+und+Deutungen+religiosen+Lebens+im+Mittelalter.&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9783643910929&rft.aulast=Jaspert&rft.aufirst=Nikolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTxqNDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2BJames%2BII%2BAragon%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson1996" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Bard (1996). "10. Painters and Sculptors of the Quattrocento - Giotto and his Times". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanistsreforme0000thom"><i>Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation</i></a></span>. Grand Rapids, MI and Cambridge, UK: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanistsreforme0000thom/page/229">229</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802863485" title="Special:BookSources/9780802863485"><bdi>9780802863485</bdi></a>. <q>1267 Giotto.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10.+Painters+and+Sculptors+of+the+Quattrocento+-+Giotto+and+his+Times&rft.btitle=Humanists+and+Reformers%3A+A+History+of+the+Renaissance+and+Reformation&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI+and+Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780802863485&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Bard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanistsreforme0000thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuise2011" class="citation book cs1">Guise, Richard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=siz0CQAAQBAJ&q=1267+Roger+de+Flor&pg=PA310"><i>Two Wheels Over Catalonia: Cycling the Back Roads of North-Eastern Spain</i></a>. Chichester, UK: Summersdale Publishers Limited. p. 310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857652850" title="Special:BookSources/9780857652850"><bdi>9780857652850</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Wheels+Over+Catalonia%3A+Cycling+the+Back+Roads+of+North-Eastern+Spain&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Summersdale+Publishers+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780857652850&rft.aulast=Guise&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsiz0CQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2BRoger%2Bde%2BFlor%26pg%3DPA310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarcos_Hierro2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Marcos Hierro, Ernest (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&q=1267+Roger+de+Flor&pg=RA1-PA52"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology</i></a>. Vol. I: Aachen, Siege of - Dyrrachium, Siege and Battle of (1081). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195334036" title="Special:BookSources/9780195334036"><bdi>9780195334036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Medieval+Warfare+and+Military+Technology&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780195334036&rft.aulast=Marcos+Hierro&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmzwpq6bLHhMC%26q%3D1267%2BRoger%2Bde%2BFlor%26pg%3DRA1-PA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelph2007" class="citation book cs1">Delph, Ronald K. (2007). Ackermann, Marsha E.; Schroeder, Michael J.; Terry, Janice J.; Upshur, Jiu-Hwa Lo; Whitters, Mark F. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FXllDwAAQBAJ&q=1268+philip+IV+france&pg=RA1-PA326"><i>Encyclopedia of World History</i></a>. Facts on File Library of World History. Infobase Publishing. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6386-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6386-4"><bdi>978-0-8160-6386-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+History&rft.series=Facts+on+File+Library+of+World+History&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6386-4&rft.aulast=Delph&rft.aufirst=Ronald+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFXllDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2Bphilip%2BIV%2Bfrance%26pg%3DRA1-PA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRenna2006" class="citation book cs1">Renna, Thomas (2006). Schaus, Margaret C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hL22AgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Clare+of+montefalco&pg=PA146"><i>Women and Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. New York and London: Routledge. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135459604" title="Special:BookSources/9781135459604"><bdi>9781135459604</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Gender+in+Medieval+Europe%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781135459604&rft.aulast=Renna&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhL22AgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BClare%2Bof%2Bmontefalco%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHu2017" class="citation book cs1">Hu, Wen (2017). Dillon, Michael (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2UAlDwAAQBAJ&q=1268+Duanzong&pg=PA634"><i>Encyclopedia of Chinese History</i></a>. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">634–</span>635. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317817161" title="Special:BookSources/9781317817161"><bdi>9781317817161</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chinese+History&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E634-%3C%2Fspan%3E635&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781317817161&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Wen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2UAlDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BDuanzong%26pg%3DPA634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuhász2014" class="citation book cs1">Juhász, Gergely M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wAKjBQAAQBAJ&q=1268+Mahaut+artois&pg=PA155"><i>Translating Resurrection: The Debate between William Tyndale and George Joye in Its Historical and Theological Context</i></a>. Studies in the History of Christian Traditions. Vol. 165. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004259522" title="Special:BookSources/9789004259522"><bdi>9789004259522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translating+Resurrection%3A+The+Debate+between+William+Tyndale+and+George+Joye+in+Its+Historical+and+Theological+Context&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.series=Studies+in+the+History+of+Christian+Traditions&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789004259522&rft.aulast=Juh%C3%A1sz&rft.aufirst=Gergely+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwAKjBQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BMahaut%2Bartois%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeville2001" class="citation book cs1">Neville, Robert C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edMjFemj7y8C&q=1268+Vedanta+Desika&pg=PA162"><i>Ultimate Realities: A Volume in the Comparative Religious Ideas Project</i></a>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791447758" title="Special:BookSources/9780791447758"><bdi>9780791447758</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ultimate+Realities%3A+A+Volume+in+the+Comparative+Religious+Ideas+Project&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780791447758&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DedMjFemj7y8C%26q%3D1268%2BVedanta%2BDesika%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllsberg2016" class="citation book cs1">Ellsberg, Robert (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osC5DAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Luchesio&pg=PA242"><i>Blessed Among Us: Day by Day with Saintly Witnesses</i></a>. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-4745-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-4745-5"><bdi>978-0-8146-4745-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blessed+Among+Us%3A+Day+by+Day+with+Saintly+Witnesses&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-4745-5&rft.aulast=Ellsberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DosC5DAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BLuchesio%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacksonJackson-Laufer1999" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917"><i>Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/267">267</a> – 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-091-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-091-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-091-8</bdi></a>. <q>1260 Maria of Brabant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Rulers+Throughout+the+Ages%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA%2C+Denver%2C+CO+and+Oxford&rft.pages=267+-+268&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-091-8&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Guida+M.&rft.au=Jackson-Laufer%2C+Guida+Myrl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9791576070917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoule1830" class="citation book cs1">Moule, Thomas (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.91919"><i>Great Britain Illustrated: A Series of Original Views</i></a>. London: C. Tilt. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.91919/page/n41">11</a>. <q>1260 Walter of Kirkham.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Britain+Illustrated%3A+A+Series+of+Original+Views&rft.place=London&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=C.+Tilt&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Moule&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.91919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAston1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Aston, Trevor Henry (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkJO3TAxMtwC&q=1260+Walter+of+Kirkham&pg=PA292"><i>The History of the University of Oxford</i></a>. Vol. I: The Early Oxford Schools. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-951011-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-951011-5"><bdi>978-0-19-951011-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+University+of+Oxford&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-19-951011-5&rft.aulast=Aston&rft.aufirst=Trevor+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkJO3TAxMtwC%26q%3D1260%2BWalter%2Bof%2BKirkham%26pg%3DPA292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJobson2016" class="citation book cs1">Jobson, Adrian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0I_gDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+aymer+de+lusignan&pg=PA92"><i>Baronial Reform and Revolution in England, 1258–1267</i></a>. Woodbridge and Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-467-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-467-0"><bdi>978-1-84383-467-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baronial+Reform+and+Revolution+in+England%2C+1258%E2%80%931267&rft.place=Woodbridge+and+Rochester%2C+NY&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-467-0&rft.aulast=Jobson&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0I_gDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2Baymer%2Bde%2Blusignan%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Runciman, Steven (1999) [1951]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Kitbuqa&pg=PA308"><i>A History of the Crusades</i></a>. Vol. III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid: Cambridge University Press Archive. pp. <span class="nowrap">305–</span>314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34772-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34772-3"><bdi>978-0-521-34772-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+New+York%2C+Melbourne%2C+Madrid&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E314&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+Archive&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34772-3&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmrw8AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D1260%2BKitbuqa%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleinhenz2004" class="citation book cs1">Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Accursius&pg=PT33"><i>Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. New York and London: Routledge. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94880-1"><bdi>978-1-135-94880-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94880-1&rft.aulast=Kleinhenz&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2CTAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1260%2BAccursius%26pg%3DPT33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Chetham_Society1890" class="citation book cs1">The Chetham Society (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/remainshistoric175socigoog"><i>Remains, Historical and Literary, Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester</i></a>. Manchester, UK: Chetham Society. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/remainshistoric175socigoog/page/n51">721</a>. <q>1265 John maunsell.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remains%2C+Historical+and+Literary%2C+Connected+with+the+Palatine+Counties+of+Lancaster+and+Chester&rft.place=Manchester%2C+UK&rft.pages=721&rft.pub=Chetham+Society&rft.date=1890&rft.au=The+Chetham+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fremainshistoric175socigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrowne2013" class="citation book cs1">Browne, Edward G. (2013) [1920]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1WmyAAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Hulagu+Khan&pg=PA17"><i>A History of Persian Literature under Tartar Dominion (AD 1265–1502)</i></a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107682412" title="Special:BookSources/9781107682412"><bdi>9781107682412</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Persian+Literature+under+Tartar+Dominion+%28AD+1265%E2%80%931502%29&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107682412&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1WmyAAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BHulagu%2BKhan%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuiley2001" class="citation book cs1">Guiley, Rosemary (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ABkgU0GOBbcC&q=1265+Simon+Stock&pg=PA305"><i>The Encyclopedia of Saints</i></a>. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">305–</span>306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438130262" title="Special:BookSources/9781438130262"><bdi>9781438130262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saints&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E305-%3C%2Fspan%3E306&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781438130262&rft.aulast=Guiley&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DABkgU0GOBbcC%26q%3D1265%2BSimon%2BStock%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartlett2013" class="citation book cs1">Bartlett, Robert (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXxdAAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Anne+of+Bohemia&pg=PA738"><i>Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things?: Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation</i></a>. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400848782" title="Special:BookSources/9781400848782"><bdi>9781400848782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Can+the+Dead+Do+Such+Great+Things%3F%3A+Saints+and+Worshippers+from+the+Martyrs+to+the+Reformation&rft.place=Princeton+and+Oxford&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781400848782&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXxdAAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BAnne%2Bof%2BBohemia%26pg%3DPA738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrabb1825" class="citation book cs1">Crabb, George (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79VAAQAAMAAJ&q=1265+hugh+le+despencer&pg=PP257"><i>Universal Historical Dictionary: Or, Explanation of the Names of Persons and Places in the Departments of Biblical, Political, and Ecclesiastical History, Mythology, Heraldry, Biography, Bibliography, Geography, and Numismatics. Illustrated by Portraits and Medallic Cuts</i></a>. Vol. II. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Historical+Dictionary%3A+Or%2C+Explanation+of+the+Names+of+Persons+and+Places+in+the+Departments+of+Biblical%2C+Political%2C+and+Ecclesiastical+History%2C+Mythology%2C+Heraldry%2C+Biography%2C+Bibliography%2C+Geography%2C+and+Numismatics.+Illustrated+by+Portraits+and+Medallic+Cuts&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Baldwin%2C+Cradock%2C+and+Joy&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Crabb&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79VAAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D1265%2Bhugh%2Ble%2Bdespencer%26pg%3DPP257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Louise J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZvcKk_QgHMC&q=1265+Henry+de+montfort&pg=PR7"><i>Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England</i></a>. London and New York: A&C Black. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441182197" title="Special:BookSources/9781441182197"><bdi>9781441182197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eleanor+de+Montfort%3A+A+Rebel+Countess+in+Medieval+England&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781441182197&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Louise+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZvcKk_QgHMC%26q%3D1265%2BHenry%2Bde%2Bmontfort%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFImsen2010" class="citation book cs1">Imsen, Steinar (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIr7s7SLit0C&q=1265+Magnus+Olafsson&pg=PA104"><i>The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400</i></a>. "Norgesveldet", Occasional Papers No. 1. Trondheim, Norway: Tapir Academic Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788251925631" title="Special:BookSources/9788251925631"><bdi>9788251925631</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norwegian+Domination+and+the+Norse+World%2C+C.1100-c.1400&rft.place=Trondheim%2C+Norway&rft.series=%22Norgesveldet%22%2C+Occasional+Papers+No.+1&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Tapir+Academic+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788251925631&rft.aulast=Imsen&rft.aufirst=Steinar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEIr7s7SLit0C%26q%3D1265%2BMagnus%2BOlafsson%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDongen2014" class="citation book cs1">Dongen, Emanuel van (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mhOJBAAAQBAJ&q=1265+Odofredus&pg=PA120"><i>Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study</i></a>. Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004278721" title="Special:BookSources/9789004278721"><bdi>9789004278721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contributory+Negligence%3A+A+Historical+and+Comparative+Study&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789004278721&rft.aulast=Dongen&rft.aufirst=Emanuel+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmhOJBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BOdofredus%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKadens2019" class="citation book cs1">Kadens, Emily (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AQyEDwAAQBAJ&q=1265+Odofredus&pg=PA178">"Convergence and the colonization of customs in pre-modern Europe"</a>. In Moréteau, Olivier; Masferrer, Aniceto; Modéer, Kjell A. (eds.). <i>Comparative Legal History</i>. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781955222" title="Special:BookSources/9781781955222"><bdi>9781781955222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Convergence+and+the+colonization+of+customs+in+pre-modern+Europe&rft.btitle=Comparative+Legal+History&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK+and+Northampton%2C+MA&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781781955222&rft.aulast=Kadens&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAQyEDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1265%2BOdofredus%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEichner2011" class="citation book cs1">Eichner, Heidrun (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RKtIeQXm_ucC&q=1265+al-Abhari&pg=PA125">"Essence and Existence. Thirteenth-Century Perspectives in Arabic-Islamic Philosophy and Theology"</a>. In Hasse, Dag Nikolaus; Bertolacci, Amos (eds.). <i>The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna's Metaphysics</i>. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110215762" title="Special:BookSources/9783110215762"><bdi>9783110215762</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Essence+and+Existence.+Thirteenth-Century+Perspectives+in+Arabic-Islamic+Philosophy+and+Theology&rft.btitle=The+Arabic%2C+Hebrew+and+Latin+Reception+of+Avicenna%27s+Metaphysics&rft.place=Berlin+and+Boston&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783110215762&rft.aulast=Eichner&rft.aufirst=Heidrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRKtIeQXm_ucC%26q%3D1265%2Bal-Abhari%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manfred-king-of-Sicily">"Manfred - king of Sicily"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=db.poms.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Malcolm+%28II%29%2C+earl+of+Fife+%28d.1266%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.poms.ac.uk%2Frecord%2Fperson%2F2129%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShirley2016" class="citation book cs1">Shirley, Janet (2016) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M8KoDQAAQBAJ&q=1267+Baldwin+of+Ibelin+cyprus&pg=PT133"><i>Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with Part of the Eracles or Acre Text</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351947114" title="Special:BookSources/9781351947114"><bdi>9781351947114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crusader+Syria+in+the+Thirteenth+Century%3A+The+Rothelin+Continuation+of+the+History+of+William+of+Tyre+with+Part+of+the+Eracles+or+Acre+Text&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781351947114&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM8KoDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2BBaldwin%2Bof%2BIbelin%2Bcyprus%26pg%3DPT133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomson1975" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, Williell R. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3w2RYJwvkwC&q=1267+Lars+Uppsala"><i>Friars in the Cathedral: The First Franciscan Bishops 1226-1261</i></a>. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888440334" title="Special:BookSources/9780888440334"><bdi>9780888440334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friars+in+the+Cathedral%3A+The+First+Franciscan+Bishops+1226-1261&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Pontifical+Institute+of+Mediaeval+Studies&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780888440334&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Williell+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3w2RYJwvkwC%26q%3D1267%2BLars%2BUppsala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWispelwey2011" class="citation book cs1">Wispelwey, Berend (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=486s3eMkLfgC&q=1267+Peter+Montereau&pg=PA877"><i>Biographical Index of the Middle Ages</i></a>. Munich, Germany: K. G. Saur Verlag. p. 877. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110914160" title="Special:BookSources/9783110914160"><bdi>9783110914160</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Munich%2C+Germany&rft.pages=877&rft.pub=K.+G.+Saur+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783110914160&rft.aulast=Wispelwey&rft.aufirst=Berend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D486s3eMkLfgC%26q%3D1267%2BPeter%2BMontereau%26pg%3DPA877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacksonJackson-Laufer1999" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Guida M.; Jackson-Laufer, Guida Myrl (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917"><i>Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver CO and Oxford, UK: ABC-CLIO. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576070918" title="Special:BookSources/9781576070918"><bdi>9781576070918</bdi></a>. <q>1267 Beatrice of provence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Rulers+Throughout+the+Ages%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA%2C+Denver+CO+and+Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781576070918&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Guida+M.&rft.au=Jackson-Laufer%2C+Guida+Myrl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9791576070917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">José García Oro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/33864/pedro-gonzalez-perez">"Pedro González Pérez"</a>, <i>Diccionario Biográfico electrónico</i> (Real Academia de la Historia, 2018), retrieved 9 October 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2015" class="citation book cs1">Watkins, Basil (2015) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yzqOCgAAQBAJ&q=1267+Sylvester+Gozzolini&pg=PT1126"><i>The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567664150" title="Special:BookSources/9780567664150"><bdi>9780567664150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Saints%3A+A+Comprehensive+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780567664150&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyzqOCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1267%2BSylvester%2BGozzolini%26pg%3DPT1126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHone1830" class="citation book cs1">Hone, William (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXhQAAAAcAAJ&q=1267+Sylvester+Gozzolini&pg=PA1509"><i>The Every-day Book and Table Book: Or, Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs, and Events, Incident to Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days, in Past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Months, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac ... for Daily Use and Diversio</i></a>. London: J. Haddon. p. 1509.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Every-day+Book+and+Table+Book%3A+Or%2C+Everlasting+Calendar+of+Popular+Amusements%2C+Sports%2C+Pastimes%2C+Ceremonies%2C+Manners%2C+Customs%2C+and+Events%2C+Incident+to+Each+of+the+Three+Hundred+and+Sixty-five+Days%2C+in+Past+and+Present+Times%3B+Forming+a+Complete+History+of+the+Year%2C+Months%2C+and+Seasons%2C+and+a+Perpetual+Key+to+the+Almanac+...+for+Daily+Use+and+Diversio&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1509&rft.pub=J.+Haddon&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXhQAAAAcAAJ%26q%3D1267%2BSylvester%2BGozzolini%26pg%3DPA1509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdbury1994" class="citation book cs1">Edbury, Peter W. (1994) [1991]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DmYeAuWUPK8C&q=1267+Hugh+II+Cyprus&pg=PA35"><i>The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374</i></a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521458375" title="Special:BookSources/9780521458375"><bdi>9780521458375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Cyprus+and+the+Crusades%2C+1191-1374&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780521458375&rft.aulast=Edbury&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDmYeAuWUPK8C%26q%3D1267%2BHugh%2BII%2BCyprus%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorsfield1835" class="citation book cs1">Horsfield, Thomas Walker (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kuREAQAAMAAJ&q=1267+John+FitzAlan&pg=PA3"><i>The History, Antiquities, and Topography of the County of Sussex</i></a>. Sussex and London: Sussex Press, Baxter. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History%2C+Antiquities%2C+and+Topography+of+the+County+of+Sussex&rft.place=Sussex+and+London&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Sussex+Press%2C+Baxter&rft.date=1835&rft.aulast=Horsfield&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkuREAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D1267%2BJohn%2BFitzAlan%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_the_Diffusion_of_Useful_Knowledge1841" class="citation book cs1">Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HNFPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</i></a>. London: Charles Knight. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HNFPAAAAMAAJ/page/n443">439</a>. <q>1268 peter savoy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penny+Cyclopaedia+of+the+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.place=London&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Charles+Knight&rft.date=1841&rft.au=Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_HNFPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHazlitt1860" class="citation book cs1">Hazlitt, William Carew (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s903AAAAcAAJ&q=1268+reniero+zeno&pg=PP8"><i>History of the Venetian Republic: Her Rise, Her Greatness, and Her Civilization</i></a>. Vol. II. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Venetian+Republic%3A+Her+Rise%2C+Her+Greatness%2C+and+Her+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Hazlitt&rft.aufirst=William+Carew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds903AAAAcAAJ%26q%3D1268%2Breniero%2Bzeno%26pg%3DPP8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCox2015" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Eugene L. (2015) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qF19BgAAQBAJ&q=1268+Agnes+of+Faucigny&pg=PA374"><i>The Eagles of Savoy: The House of Savoy in Thirteenth-Century Europe</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400867912" title="Special:BookSources/9781400867912"><bdi>9781400867912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eagles+of+Savoy%3A+The+House+of+Savoy+in+Thirteenth-Century+Europe&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781400867912&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Eugene+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqF19BgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BAgnes%2Bof%2BFaucigny%26pg%3DPA374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuatriglio2005" class="citation book cs1">Quatriglio, Giuseppe (2005) [1985]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwPLkQVZ1tsC&q=1268+conradin&pg=PA43"><i>A Thousand Years in Sicily: From the Arabs to the Bourbons</i></a> (Third ed.). Mineola, NY and Ottawa: Legas / Gaetano Cipolla. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780921252177" title="Special:BookSources/9780921252177"><bdi>9780921252177</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thousand+Years+in+Sicily%3A+From+the+Arabs+to+the+Bourbons&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY+and+Ottawa&rft.pages=43&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Legas+%2F+Gaetano+Cipolla&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780921252177&rft.aulast=Quatriglio&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPwPLkQVZ1tsC%26q%3D1268%2Bconradin%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBassiouniSchabas2016" class="citation book cs1">Bassiouni, M. Cherif; Schabas, William A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fvk6DQAAQBAJ&q=1268+frederick+baden&pg=PA17"><i>The Legislative History of the International Criminal Court</i></a>. Vol. I (Second Revised and Expanded ed.). Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004322097" title="Special:BookSources/9789004322097"><bdi>9789004322097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legislative+History+of+the+International+Criminal+Court&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=Second+Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9789004322097&rft.aulast=Bassiouni&rft.aufirst=M.+Cherif&rft.au=Schabas%2C+William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFvk6DQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2Bfrederick%2Bbaden%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJanonienėRačiūnaitėIršėnasButrimas2015" class="citation book cs1">Janonienė, Rūta; Račiūnaitė, Tojana; Iršėnas, Marius; Butrimas, Adomas (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L9X3CwAAQBAJ&q=1268+Vai%C5%A1elga&pg=PA58"><i>The Lithuanian Millennium: History, Art and Culture</i></a>. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Academy of Arts Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786094470974" title="Special:BookSources/9786094470974"><bdi>9786094470974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lithuanian+Millennium%3A+History%2C+Art+and+Culture&rft.place=Vilnius%2C+Lithuania&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Vilnius+Academy+of+Arts+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9786094470974&rft.aulast=Janonien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=R%C5%ABta&rft.au=Ra%C4%8Di%C5%ABnait%C4%97%2C+Tojana&rft.au=Ir%C5%A1%C4%97nas%2C+Marius&rft.au=Butrimas%2C+Adomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL9X3CwAAQBAJ%26q%3D1268%2BVai%25C5%25A1elga%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinskill1964" class="citation book cs1">Linskill, Richard, ed. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nfcmAAAAMAAJ&q=1268+Barral+of+Baux"><i>The Poems of the Troubadour, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</i></a>. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poems+of+the+Troubadour%2C+Raimbaut+de+Vaqueiras&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnfcmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D1268%2BBarral%2Bof%2BBaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBracton2010" class="citation book cs1">Bracton, Henry de (2010). Maitland, William Frederick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CTw0WNs9x4MC&q=1268+henry+de+bracton"><i>Bracton's Note Book: A Collection of Cases Decided in the King's Courts During the Reign of Henry the Third</i></a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108010290" title="Special:BookSources/9781108010290"><bdi>9781108010290</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bracton%27s+Note+Book%3A+A+Collection+of+Cases+Decided+in+the+King%27s+Courts+During+the+Reign+of+Henry+the+Third&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781108010290&rft.aulast=Bracton&rft.aufirst=Henry+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCTw0WNs9x4MC%26q%3D1268%2Bhenry%2Bde%2Bbracton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1260s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox416" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Artists <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81343#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/3c99513c-f055-4a04-a5c4-f1d1072e8f37">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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