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The city attorney is the [[Attorney at law (United States)|attorney]] representing the municipality.&lt;ref name="Merriam-Webster - city attorney">{{cite web |title=City attorney |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/city%20attorney |website=[[Merriam-Webster#Services|Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=14 April 2021}}&lt;/ref> Unlike a [[district attorney]] or [[public defender]], who usually handles criminal cases, a city attorney generally handles civil cases, advising the city on legal matters and representing it in court.&lt;ref name=Palla>Ferdinand P. Palla, [https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2648&amp;context=lawreview The Role of a City Attorney], 2 ''Santa Clara Lawyer'' 171 (1962).&lt;/ref> City attorneys may advise city officials on a wide range of city business, ranging from [[nuisance]]s to [[tax law]] to [[municipal annexation]]s.&lt;ref name=Palla/> A city attorney also advises the city's legislative body (such as a [[city council]]) on the legality of proposed actions and assists in the drafting of [[city ordinance]]s and [[Resolution (law)|resolutions]].&lt;ref name=Palla/> In some jurisdictions, city attorneys also function as [[prosecutor]]s, pursuing low-level criminal cases against persons charged with violating city ordinances, such as those relating to [[public drunkenness]], [[traffic violation]]s, [[zoning]] and [[building code]]s, and municipal health regulations.&lt;ref name=Palla/> In California, city attorneys have the power to seek [[gang injunction]]s in a civil proceeding in [[California state courts]].&lt;ref>Greg Ridgeway, Jeffrey Grogger, Ruth A. Moyer &amp; John M. MacDonald, [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10940-018-9396-7 Effect of Gang Injunctions on Crime: A Study of Los Angeles from 1988–2014], ''Journal of Quantitative Criminology'', vol. 35, pp. 517–541 (2019).&lt;/ref>&lt;ref>Karen M. Hennigan &amp; David Sloane, [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12000 Improving Civil Gang Injunctions: How Implementation Can Affect Gang Dynamics, Crime, and Violence], ''Criminology &amp; Public Policy'', vol. 12, issue 1 (February 2013), pp. 7-41.&lt;/ref>&lt;ref>Scott E. Atkinson, [https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol59/iss5/4/ Note, The Outer Limits of Gang Injunctions], 59 Vand. L. Rev. 1693 (2006).&lt;/ref> The client of the city attorney is the city, and the city attorney is typically responsible to both the [[mayor]] and the [[city council]]. When the mayor and the city council disagree, or when city council members disagree among themselves, this can cause complexities,&lt;ref>Brigham Smith, [https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tmcjpcl11 Who's the Boss? Deciding Who the Client is When You're a City Attorney], 11 T.M. Cooley J. Prac. &amp; Clinical L. 1 (2009).&lt;/ref> such as the application and waiver of the [[attorney–client privilege]].&lt;ref>Jeffrey L. Goodman &amp; Jason Zabokrtsky, [https://drakelawreview.org/volume-48-no-4-2000-2/ The Attorney-Client Privilege and the Municipal Lawyer], 48 Drake L. Rev. 655 (2000).&lt;/ref>&lt;ref>Patricia E. Salkin, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27895432?seq=1 Beware: What You Say to Your (Government) Lawyer May Be Held Against You - The Erosion of Government Attorney-Client Confidentiality], 35 Urb. Law. 283 (2003).&lt;/ref> In some areas, the position of city attorney is a part-time position based on a retainer agreement, and city attorneys engage in the outside [[private practice of law]].&lt;ref>Doyle W. Buckwalter &amp; J. Ivan Legler, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/976064 City Managers and City Attorneys: Associates or Adversaries?], ''Public Administration Review'', Vol. 47, No. 5 (Sep.-Oct. 1987), pp. 393-403.&lt;/ref> In some cities, the city attorney is elected, while in other cities, the city attorney is appointed. For example, in California, most large cities (including [[San Francisco]], [[Los Angeles]], and [[San Diego]]) have elected city attorneys, while most of smaller cities appoint their city attorneys.&lt;ref>David Garrick, [https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/communities/san-diego/story/2020-03-13/san-diego-considering-if-city-attorney-job-should-be-appointed-instead-of-elected San Diego may make city attorney job appointed instead of elected], ''San Diego Union-Tribune'' (March 13, 2020).&lt;/ref> In some cities, the city attorney position is very powerful. For example, the elected position of [[San Francisco City Attorney]] is important due to the large array of duties associated with the office. Unlike all other [[California counties]], San Francisco is a [[consolidated city-county]], meaning that the San Francisco City Attorney handles legal duties in areas that would in other counties be the responsibility of the county counsel (such as county health and social services functions) as well as the duties of all California city attorneys (police and fire). The San Francisco city attorney is also unusually powerful because of the broad scope of properties and activities operated by the city and county government (including land ownership in [[San Mateo County]]); for example, the city owns the [[San Francisco International Airport]], [[Crystal Springs Reservoir]], [[Sharp Park Golf Course]], San Francisco Employees' Retirement System, and [[Port of San Francisco]].&lt;ref>Louise Renne, [https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol47/iss2/6/ The Office of the City Attorney of San Francisco], 47 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 125 (2017).&lt;/ref> == See also == * [[Local government in the United States]] * [[Corporation counsel]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City Attorney}} [[Category:City and town attorneys in the United States|*]] [[Category:Government occupations]] [[Category:Prosecution]] [[Category:Lawyers by type]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&amp;action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&amp;action=edit" 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