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<!doctype html> <html lang="ru"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/place-article.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.css" integrity="sha512-xodZBNTC5n17Xt2atTPuE1HxjVMSvLVW9ocqUKLsCC5CXdbqCmblAshOMAS6/keqq/sMZMZ19scR4PsZChSR7A==" crossorigin=""/> <script src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.js" integrity="sha512-XQoYMqMTK8LvdxXYG3nZ448hOEQiglfqkJs1NOQV44cWnUrBc8PkAOcXy20w0vlaXaVUearIOBhiXZ5V3ynxwA==" crossorigin=""></script> </head> <body> <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header--content-box"> <div class="flag1"> <div class="flag2"> <div class="flag3"> <div class="site-header--content"> <div class="site-header__titletext"> <div class="site-header__title">袧邪褉芯写薪邪褟褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟谐芯褉芯写芯胁懈褉械谐懈芯薪芯胁袪芯褋褋懈懈</div> <div class="site-header__subtitle"><a href="../../index.html">芦袦芯泄袚芯褉芯写禄</a></div> </div> <nav class="site-nav"> <ul class="site-nav__items"> <li class="site-nav__item"><a href="../../regs/index.html">袪械谐懈芯薪褘</a></li> <li class="site-nav__item"><a href="../../cities/index.html">袚芯褉芯写邪</a></li> <li class="site-nav__item"><a href="../../pgts/index.html">袩袚孝</a></li> <li class="site-nav__item"><a href="../../stat/index.html">小褌邪褌懈褋褌懈泻邪</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main> <article> <header><h1 class="area-title"><img src="../../image/gerbflag/grb11401f.png" title="袚械褉斜袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪" height="140" class="visible-box">袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻<br> <br>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪褟芯斜谢邪褋褌褜<img src="../../image/gerbflag/no_flg.png" title="袧械褌褎谢邪谐邪" width="160" class="visible-box"></h1></header> <nav class="info-nav"> <div class="shortest-items-list div-bottom div-up"> <p>袨斜褖邪褟懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褟</p> <p><a href="links.html">袠薪褌械褉薪械褌-褋褋褘谢泻懈</a></p> <p><a href="firms.html">协泻芯薪芯屑懈泻邪</a></p> <p><a href="vuz.html">袙褘褋褕懈械褍褔械斜薪褘械蟹邪胁械写械薪懈褟</a></p> <p><a href="citystat.html">小褌邪褌懈褋褌懈泻邪</a></p> </div> </nav>  <div id="yandex_rtb_R-A-50183-1"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(w, d, n, s, t) { w[n] = w[n] || []; w[n].push(function() { Ya.Context.AdvManager.render({ blockId: "R-A-50183-1", renderTo: "yandex_rtb_R-A-50183-1", async: true }); }); t = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s = d.createElement("script"); s.type = "text/javascript"; s.src = "//an.yandex.ru/system/context.js"; s.async = true; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); })(this, this.document, "yandexContextAsyncCallbacks"); </script> <aside> <table> <tbody> <tr><td>袨褋薪芯胁邪薪懈械 (锌械褉胁芯械褍锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈械)</td><td>1584</td></tr> <tr><td>小褌邪褌褍褋谐芯褉芯写邪</td><td>1584</td></tr> <tr><td>效懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌褜薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟, 褔械谢.</td><td>296665 (2024)</td></tr> <tr><td>袚械芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻邪褟褕懈褉芯褌邪</td><td>64°32′</td></tr> <tr><td>袚械芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻邪褟写芯谢谐芯褌邪</td><td>40°31′</td></tr> <tr><td>袙褘褋芯褌邪薪邪写褍褉芯胁薪械屑屑芯褉褟, 屑</td><td>5</td></tr> <tr><td>效邪褋芯胁芯泄锌芯褟褋</td><td>MSK</td></tr> <tr><td>孝械谢械褎芯薪薪褘泄泻芯写</td><td>818, 8182</td></tr> <tr><td>袩芯褔褌芯胁褘泄懈薪写械泻褋</td><td>163000…163999</td></tr> <tr><td>袣芯写袨袣袗孝袨</td><td>11401</td></tr> <tr><td>袣芯写袨袣孝袦袨</td><td>11701000001</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </aside> <h2>袨谐芯褉芯写械</h2> <p>袚芯褉芯写袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟褑械薪褌褉芯屑 <a href="../index.html">袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯泄芯斜谢邪褋褌懈</a>.</p> <p>袪邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈械写芯褑械薪褌褉邪谐芯褉芯写邪袦芯褋泻胁褘锌芯泻邪褉褌械 - 990 泻屑 (薪邪褞谐). 袪邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈械锌芯泻邪褔械褋褌胁械薪薪褘屑邪胁褌芯屑芯斜懈谢褜薪褘屑写芯褉芯谐邪屑 - 1228 泻屑.</p> <p>袞.写. 胁芯泻蟹邪谢袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻-袚芯褉芯写懈褋褌邪薪褑懈褟袠褋邪泻芯谐芯褉泻邪 (14 泻屑芯褌褑械薪褌褉邪谐芯褉芯写邪). 袞.写. 谢懈薪懈懈袦芯褋泻胁邪 – 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 小邪薪泻褌-袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐 – 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻 – 小屑芯谢械薪褋泻.</p> <p>袪邪褋锌芯谢芯卸械薪薪邪斜械褉械谐邪褏小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘懈芯褋褌褉芯胁邪褏械褢写械谢褜褌褘, 芯斜褉邪蟹褍褞褖械泄袛胁懈薪褋泻褍褞谐褍斜褍袘械谢芯谐芯屑芯褉褟. 袦芯褉褋泻芯泄懈褉械褔薪芯泄锌芯褉褌.</p> <p>袙 1970 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻斜褘谢胁泻谢褞褔褢薪胁褋锌懈褋芯泻懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褏谐芯褉芯写芯胁袪芯褋褋懈懈. 袚褉邪写芯褋褌褉芯懈褌械谢褜薪邪褟褑械薪薪芯褋褌褜械谐芯薪邪褋谢械写懈褟芯褑械薪懈胁邪械褌褋褟泻邪泻褉械谐懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯谐芯褍褉芯胁薪褟. 袙 2010 谐. 斜褘谢懈褋泻谢褞褔褢薪懈蟹褔懈褋谢邪懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褏谐芯褉芯写芯胁.</p> <p>袣谢懈屑邪褌褋褍斜邪褉泻褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄, 屑芯褉褋泻芯泄. 小褉械写薪懈械褌械屑锌械褉邪褌褍褉褘褟薪胁邪褉褟 -13, 懈褞谢褟 +17. 袨褋邪写泻芯胁芯泻芯谢芯 500 屑屑胁谐芯写.</p> <p><a href="/cgi-bin/moonsun.cgi?OKATO=11401">袙褉械屑褟胁芯褋褏芯写邪懈蟹邪褏芯写邪小芯谢薪褑邪懈袥褍薪褘胁谐芯褉芯写械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻.</a></p> <div id="inf_hmn_pl"></div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="windows-1251" src="//informer.hmn.ru:8101/types/info.js?value=22550&type=14_4&ws=1"></script> <h2>袗写屑懈薪懈褋褌褉邪褌懈胁薪芯-褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈邪谢褜薪芯械褍褋褌褉芯泄褋褌胁芯</h2> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻 - 褑械薪褌褉 <a href="../../arhangel_obl/rmaps.html">袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯泄芯斜谢邪褋褌懈</a>.</p> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟褑械薪褌褉芯屑屑褍薪懈褑懈锌邪谢褜薪芯谐芯芯泻褉褍谐邪 - “<a href="../district/raj11552.html">袩褉懈屑芯褉褋泻懈泄屑褍薪懈褑懈锌邪谢褜薪褘泄芯泻褉褍谐</a>”.</p> <p>孝邪泻卸械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟褑械薪褌褉芯屑谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯谐芯芯泻褉褍谐邪 - “<a href="../district/raj11701.html">谐芯褉芯写袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻</a>”.</p> <p>袙褋芯褋褌邪胁谐芯褉芯写邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻胁褏芯写褟褌褋谢械写褍褞褖懈械谐芯褉芯写褋泻懈械芯泻褉褍谐邪:</p> <table> <thead> <tr><th>N</th><th>袧邪蟹胁邪薪懈械</th><th>效懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌褜<br>薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟<br>褌褘褋褟褔卸懈褌械谢械泄</th><th>袚芯写</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td class="td__center">1</td><td>袙邪褉邪胁懈薪芯-肖邪泻褌芯褉懈褟</td><td class="td__center">31.0</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2</td><td>袠褋邪泻芯谐芯褉褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">18.8</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">3</td><td>袥芯屑芯薪芯褋芯胁褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">62.6</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">4</td><td>袦邪泄屑邪泻褋邪薪褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">17.9</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">5</td><td>袦邪泄褋泻邪褟袚芯褉泻邪</td><td class="td__center">41.9</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">6</td><td>袨泻褌褟斜褉褜褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">72.6</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">7</td><td>小械胁械褉薪褘泄</td><td class="td__center">16.5</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">8</td><td>小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢褜褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">31.9</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">9</td><td>笑懈谐谢芯屑械薪褋泻懈泄</td><td class="td__center">7.9</td><td class="td__center">2022</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>袣邪褉褌邪谐芯褉芯写邪</h2> <div id="mapid"></div> <script> var mymap = L.map('mapid').setView([64.5416666, 40.5316667], 14); L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', { maxZoom: 19, attribution: '© <a href="https://openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap contributors</a>' }).addTo(mymap); L.control.scale().addTo(mymap); </script> <h2>袪邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈械写芯斜谢懈卸邪泄褕懈褏谐芯褉芯写芯胁懈泻褉褍锌薪褘褏薪邪褋械谢褢薪薪褘褏锌褍薪泻褌芯胁</h2> <p>袧懈卸械锌褉懈胁械写械薪邪懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褟芯褉邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈懈芯褌谐芯褉芯写邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻写芯斜谢懈卸邪泄褕懈褏谐芯褉芯写芯胁懈泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈褏薪邪褋械谢褢薪薪褘褏锌褍薪泻褌芯胁. 袩褉懈胁械写械薪褘褉邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈褟胁泻懈谢芯屑械褌褉邪褏锌芯泻邪褉褌械, 胁褋泻芯斜泻邪褏 - 褉邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈械锌芯邪胁褌芯写芯褉芯谐邪屑. 袧邪褋械谢褢薪薪褘械锌褍薪泻褌褘锌芯屑械褖械薪褘胁褋械泻褌芯褉邪 (褋械胁械褉, 褞谐芯-蟹邪锌邪写, 胁芯褋褌芯泻懈褌.锌.) 锌芯薪邪锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈褞写胁懈卸械薪懈褟芯褌褑械薪褌褉邪谐芯褉芯写邪.</p> <div class="distance-board"> <div></div> <div></div> <div class="distance-board__to-city-outer distance-board__north distance-board__east"><div class="distance-board__to-city"><div class="distance-board__to-city--arrow-right visible-box"><svg width="50" height="50" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[ .arrow {stroke:white; fill:white;} ]]> </style> <g id="arrow"> <path class="arrow" d="M31 43 l0 -18 6 0 -12 -18 -12 18 6 0 -0 18 z"/> </g> </defs> <title>Arrow for directions</title> <desc>Base arrow that can be used for directions (with appropriate rotation applied)</desc> <use xlink:href="#arrow" transform="rotate(45, 25, 25)"/></svg></div><div class="distance-board__distance-cell"><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/mezenj/index.html">袦械蟹械薪褜</a></p><p>225</p><p> [395]</p></div></div></div> <div class="distance-board__to-city-outer distance-board__west"><div class="distance-board__to-city"><div class=" visible-box"><svg width="50" height="50" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[ .arrow {stroke:white; fill:white;} ]]> </style> <g id="arrow"> <path class="arrow" d="M31 43 l0 -18 6 0 -12 -18 -12 18 6 0 -0 18 z"/> </g> </defs> <title>Arrow for directions</title> <desc>Base arrow that can be used for directions (with appropriate rotation applied)</desc> <use xlink:href="#arrow" transform="rotate(270, 25, 25)"/></svg></div><div class="distance-board__distance-cell"><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/severdvinsk/index.html">小械胁械褉芯写胁懈薪褋泻</a></p><p>34</p><p> [46]</p><p><a href="../../r_karelija/belomorsk/index.html">袘械谢芯屑芯褉褋泻<br>(袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪袣邪褉械谢懈褟)</a></p><p>275</p><p> [1040]</p><p><a href="../../r_karelija/kemj/index.html">袣械屑褜<br>(袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪袣邪褉械谢懈褟)</a></p><p>286</p><p> [1078]</p></div></div></div> <div class="distance-board__from-city-outer"><div class="distance-board__from-city">袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻</div></div> <div></div> <div class="distance-board__to-city-outer distance-board__south distance-board__west"><div class="distance-board__to-city"><div class=" visible-box"><svg width="50" height="50" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[ .arrow {stroke:white; fill:white;} ]]> </style> <g id="arrow"> <path class="arrow" d="M31 43 l0 -18 6 0 -12 -18 -12 18 6 0 -0 18 z"/> </g> </defs> <title>Arrow for directions</title> <desc>Base arrow that can be used for directions (with appropriate rotation applied)</desc> <use xlink:href="#arrow" transform="rotate(225, 25, 25)"/></svg></div><div class="distance-board__distance-cell"><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/onega/index.html">袨薪械谐邪</a></p><p>137</p><p> [209]</p></div></div></div> <div class="distance-board__to-city-outer distance-board__south"><div class="distance-board__to-city"><div class="distance-board__to-city--arrow-right visible-box"><svg width="50" height="50" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[ .arrow {stroke:white; fill:white;} ]]> </style> <g id="arrow"> <path class="arrow" d="M31 43 l0 -18 6 0 -12 -18 -12 18 6 0 -0 18 z"/> </g> </defs> <title>Arrow for directions</title> <desc>Base arrow that can be used for directions (with appropriate rotation applied)</desc> <use xlink:href="#arrow" transform="rotate(180, 25, 25)"/></svg></div><div class="distance-board__distance-cell"><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/mirnyja/index.html">袦懈褉薪褘泄</a></p><p>197</p><p> [298]</p><p>袩谢械褋械褑泻</p><p>203</p><p> [308]</p><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/shenkursk/index.html">楔械薪泻褍褉褋泻</a></p><p>295</p><p> [384]</p><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/njandoma/index.html">袧褟薪写芯屑邪</a></p><p>320</p><p> [552]</p><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/kargopol/index.html">袣邪褉谐芯锌芯谢褜</a></p><p>346</p><p> [472]</p><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/veljsk/index.html">袙械谢褜褋泻</a></p><p>394</p><p> [510]</p></div></div></div> <div class="distance-board__to-city-outer distance-board__south distance-board__east"><div class="distance-board__to-city"><div class="distance-board__to-city--arrow-right visible-box"><svg width="50" height="50" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 50 50" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[ .arrow {stroke:white; fill:white;} ]]> </style> <g id="arrow"> <path class="arrow" d="M31 43 l0 -18 6 0 -12 -18 -12 18 6 0 -0 18 z"/> </g> </defs> <title>Arrow for directions</title> <desc>Base arrow that can be used for directions (with appropriate rotation applied)</desc> <use xlink:href="#arrow" transform="rotate(135, 25, 25)"/></svg></div><div class="distance-board__distance-cell"><p><a href="../../arhangel_obl/novodvinsk/index.html">袧芯胁芯写胁懈薪褋泻</a></p><p>18</p><p> [31]</p></div></div></div> </div> <h2>袠褋褌芯褉懈褟</h2> <p>袧邪锌褍褋褌褘薪薪芯屑屑械褋褌械薪邪斜械褉械谐褍袘械谢芯谐芯屑芯褉褟胁薪邪褔邪谢械 15 胁. 胁芯蟹薪懈泻屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褜胁芯懈屑褟袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢邪袦懈褏邪懈谢邪, 薪芯胁 1419 谐. 胁褋械懈薪芯泻懈屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褟斜褘谢懈褍斜懈褌褘邪褋邪屑屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褜褋芯卸卸褢薪薪芯褉胁械卸褑邪屑懈. 袙锌芯褋谢械写褋褌胁懈懈屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褜写芯谢谐芯懈褋褌褉褍写芯屑芯褌褋褌褉邪懈胁邪谢褋褟. 袨泻芯谢芯 1440 谐. 褋芯谢芯胁械褑泻懈械屑芯薪邪褏懈薪邪褔邪谢懈胁芯泻褉械褋褌薪芯褋褌褟褏袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪褋褌褉芯懈褌褜褋胁芯懈褋褍写邪写谢褟锌谢邪胁邪薪懈褟锌芯袘械谢芯屑褍屑芯褉褞懈小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪械. 袙 1548 谐. 芯薪懈懈屑械谢懈蟹写械褋褜褋胁芯懈胁械褉褎懈. 袙懈写懈屑芯, 褍卸械胁褌芯胁褉械屑褟胁芯泻褉褍谐屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褟褋褍褖械褋褌胁芯胁邪谢芯锌芯褋械谢械薪懈械.</p> <p>袩芯褋谢械锌芯褌械褉懈袧邪褉胁褘胁褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌械锌芯褉邪卸械薪懈褟胁袥懈胁芯薪褋泻芯泄胁芯泄薪械 1558-1583 谐谐. 斜褘谢芯褉械褕械薪芯褋写械谢邪褌褜褑械薪褌褉芯屑屑芯褉褋泻懈褏褌芯褉谐芯胁褘褏褋薪芯褕械薪懈泄褋写褉褍谐懈屑懈谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪屑懈褍褋褌褜械小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘.</p> <p>袟邪谢芯卸械薪胁 1583 谐. 锌芯褍泻邪蟹褍袠胁邪薪邪袚褉芯蟹薪芯谐芯 (谐褉邪屑芯褌邪芯褌 4 屑邪褉褌邪 1583 谐.) 薪邪锌褉邪胁芯屑斜械褉械谐褍小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘, 薪邪屑褘褋褍袩褍褉-袧邪胁芯谢芯泻泻邪泻写械褉械胁褟薪薪邪褟泻褉械锌芯褋褌褜斜谢懈蟹袦懈褏邪泄谢芯-袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褟 (芯褋薪芯胁邪薪薪芯胁谐芯褉芯写褑邪屑懈胁泻芯薪褑械 14 胁.). 袨褎懈褑懈邪谢褜薪芯泄写邪褌芯泄芯褋薪芯胁邪薪懈褟褋褔懈褌邪械褌褋褟 1584 谐., 泻芯谐写邪谐芯褉芯写斜褘谢 "芯写薪懈屑谐芯写芯屑锌芯褋褌邪胁谢械薪" (锌芯 "芯褌褔褢褌褍" 胁芯械胁芯写).</p> <p>袙锌械褉胁褘械写械褋褟褌懈谢械褌懈褟褋褍褖械褋褌胁芯胁邪薪懈褟谐芯褉芯写邪械谐芯薪邪蟹褘胁邪谢懈袧芯胁褘泄谐芯褉芯写, 袧芯胁褘械啸芯谢屑芯谐芯褉褘, 袧芯胁褘泄啸芯谢屑芯谐芯褉褋泻懈泄谐芯褉芯写. 袧邪蟹胁邪薪懈褟斜褘谢懈褋胁褟蟹邪薪褘褋褌械屑, 褔褌芯泻褝褌芯屑褍谐芯褉芯写褍锌械褉械褕谢邪芯褌褋械谢邪啸芯谢屑芯谐芯褉褘褉芯谢褜谐谢邪胁薪芯谐芯锌芯褉褌邪薪邪小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪械. 袨写薪邪泻芯卸懈褌械谢懈薪邪蟹褘胁邪谢懈械谐芯锌芯屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褞袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄谐芯褉芯写. 小 1613 谐. 芯褎懈褑懈邪谢褜薪芯薪邪蟹褘胁邪谢褋褟袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄谐芯褉芯写. 小芯胁褉械屑械薪械屑薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械蟹邪泻褉械锌谢褟械褌褋褟胁褎芯褉屑械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻.</p> <p>袩械褉胁褘泄泻褉褍锌薪褘泄屑芯褉褋泻芯泄锌芯褉褌袪褍褋褋泻芯谐芯谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪懈锌芯褍泻邪蟹褍 1585 谐. 斜褘谢械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪薪褘屑谐芯褉芯写芯屑, 谐写械懈薪芯蟹械屑褑邪屑褉邪蟹褉械褕邪谢芯褋褜蟹邪泻褍锌邪褌褜褌芯胁邪褉褘懈蟹胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪懈褏褉邪泄芯薪芯胁袪芯褋褋懈懈. 袙 17 胁. 械谐芯褉邪褋褑胁械褌斜褘谢芯斜褍褋谢芯胁谢械薪褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈械屑斜械谢芯屑芯褉褋泻芯泄褌芯褉谐芯胁谢懈褋袗薪谐谢懈械泄懈写褉褍谐懈屑懈蟹邪锌邪写薪芯-械胁褉芯锌械泄褋泻懈屑懈褋褌褉邪薪邪屑懈. 小 1620-褏谐谐. 褋褍褖械褋褌胁芯胁邪谢邪懈薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪邪褟泻芯谢芯薪懈褟.</p> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褋懈谢褜薪芯锌芯褋褌褉邪写邪谢芯褌锌芯卸邪褉邪胁 1667 谐. 懈斜褘谢芯褌褋褌褉芯械薪蟹邪薪芯胁芯, 胁芯褋薪芯胁薪芯屑写械褉械胁褟薪薪褘屑懈蟹写邪薪懈褟屑懈: 写芯屑胁芯械胁芯写褘懈泻芯屑械薪写邪薪褌邪, 锌褉懈泻邪蟹薪褘械锌邪谢邪褌褘, 卸懈谢褘械褍褋邪写褜斜褘, 泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋袦懈褏邪泄谢芯-袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褟. 袨写薪芯懈蟹锌械褉胁褘褏泻邪屑械薪薪褘褏褋褌褉芯械薪懈泄 - 袚芯褋褌懈薪褘泄写胁芯褉, 芯写薪芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯泻褉械锌芯褋褌薪芯械懈褌芯褉谐芯胁芯械褋芯芯褉褍卸械薪懈械 (1668-84, 邪褉褏. 袛. 小褌邪褉褑械胁).</p> <p>袧邪褉褍斜械卸械 17-18 胁械泻芯胁褋褘谐褉邪谢胁邪卸薪褍褞褉芯谢褜胁懈褋褌芯褉懈懈褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟褉褍褋褋泻芯谐芯胁芯械薪薪芯-屑芯褉褋泻芯谐芯懈褌芯褉谐芯胁芯谐芯褎谢芯褌邪. 袩褢褌褉 I 褌褉懈卸写褘锌褉懈械蟹卸邪谢懈锌芯写芯谢谐褍卸懈谢胁袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻械.</p> <p>袙 1693 谐. 袩械褌褉 I 蟹邪谢芯卸懈谢薪邪斜谢懈蟹谢械卸邪褖械屑芯褋褌褉芯胁械小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢邪胁械褉褎褜懈芯褋薪芯胁邪谢袗写屑懈褉邪谢褌械泄褋褌胁芯. 袙褋胁褟蟹懈褋胁芯械薪薪褘屑懈写械泄褋褌胁懈褟屑懈褕胁械写褋泻芯谐芯褎谢芯褌邪胁 1701-05 谐谐. 斜谢懈蟹袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪袩械褌褉芯屑 I 斜褘谢邪锌芯褋褌褉芯械薪邪锌械褉胁邪褟褉褍褋褋泻邪褟褉械谐褍谢褟褉薪邪褟袧芯胁芯写胁懈薪褋泻邪褟泻褉械锌芯褋褌褜胁袣芯褉邪斜械谢褜薪芯屑褍褋褌褜械 (薪褘薪械胁褔械褉褌械谐芯褉芯写邪). 袣褉械锌芯褋褌褜泻胁邪写褉邪褌薪邪褟胁锌谢邪薪械, 褋 4 褍谐谢芯胁褘屑懈斜邪褋褌懈芯薪邪屑懈. 小芯褏褉邪薪懈谢懈褋褜褋褌械薪褘懈斜械谢芯泻邪屑械薪薪褘械胁芯褉芯褌邪褋写械泻芯褉芯屑胁褋褌懈谢械斜邪褉芯泻泻芯. 袧邪懈胁褘褋褕懈泄褉邪褋褑胁械褌谐芯褉芯写锌械褉械卸懈谢胁 1700-22 谐谐. 笑械薪褌褉袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢芯谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯泄谐褍斜械褉薪懈懈褋 1708 谐., 褋 1719 谐. 褑械薪褌褉锌褉芯胁懈薪褑懈懈. 小 1784 谐. 褑械薪褌褉袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯薪邪屑械褋褌薪懈褔械褋褌胁邪 (褋 1796 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪褟谐褍斜械褉薪懈褟).</p> <p>校泻邪蟹 1722 谐. 芯锌械褉械薪械褋械薪懈懈胁褋械泄胁薪械褕薪械泄褌芯褉谐芯胁谢懈褋小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘薪邪袧械胁褍胁褉械屑械薪薪芯褋薪懈蟹懈谢褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻褍褞邪泻褌懈胁薪芯褋褌褜袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪. 袧芯谐芯褉芯写懈胁写邪谢褜薪械泄褕械屑芯褋褌邪谢褋褟谐谢邪胁薪褘屑褌芯褉谐芯胁褘屑褑械薪褌褉芯屑袪褍褋褋泻芯谐芯小械胁械褉邪.</p> <p>袙 1784 谐. 泻褉械锌芯褋褌褜袧芯胁芯写胁懈薪褋泻邪褟褔懈褋谢懈谢邪褋褜斜械蟹褍械蟹写薪褘屑谐芯褉芯写芯屑袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯谐芯薪邪屑械褋褌薪懈褔械褋褌胁邪.</p> <p>袙 1762 谐. 斜褘谢褍褉邪胁薪械薪胁褌芯褉谐芯胁褘褏锌褉邪胁邪褏褋小邪薪泻褌-袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐芯屑. 袙褋械褉械写懈薪械 18 - 薪邪褔邪谢械 19 胁胁. 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械谐芯褉芯写邪褋薪芯胁邪胁芯蟹褉芯褋谢芯, 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯胁锌械褉懈芯写 1807-1813 谐谐., 泻芯谐写邪胁褋胁褟蟹懈褋薪邪锌芯谢械芯薪芯胁褋泻懈屑懈胁芯泄薪邪屑懈懈褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄, 泻芯薪褌懈薪械薪褌邪谢褜薪芯泄斜谢芯泻邪写芯泄袙械谢懈泻芯斜褉懈褌邪薪懈懈袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褋褌邪谢械写懈薪褋褌胁械薪薪褘屑胁袪芯褋褋懈懈锌芯褉褌芯屑, 泻褍写邪锌芯褋褌褍锌邪谢懈懈薪芯褋褌褉邪薪薪褘械褌芯胁邪褉褘.</p> <p>袙 1856 谐. 胁谐褍斜械褉薪褋泻芯屑谐芯褉芯写械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯泄谐褍斜械褉薪懈懈薪邪褋褔懈褌褘胁邪谢芯褋褜 17 褑械褉泻胁械泄, 1950 写芯屑芯胁, 440 谢邪胁芯泻.</p> <p>袙泻芯薪褑械 19 - 薪邪褔邪谢械 20 胁胁. 泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈泄谢械褋芯锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪褘泄懈谢械褋芯褝泻褋锌芯褉褌薪褘泄褑械薪褌褉袪芯褋褋懈懈.</p> <p>袙 1918-19 谐谐. 斜褘谢芯泻泻褍锌懈褉芯胁邪薪邪薪谐谢懈泄褋泻懈屑懈, 邪屑械褉懈泻邪薪褋泻懈屑懈懈褎褉邪薪褑褍蟹褋泻懈屑懈胁芯泄褋泻邪屑懈. 袨褋胁芯斜芯卸写械薪胁 1920 谐. 褔邪褋褌褟屑懈袣褉邪褋薪芯泄袗褉屑懈懈.</p> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈谐褉邪谢斜芯谢褜褕褍褞褉芯谢褜胁芯褋胁芯械薪懈懈袗褉泻褌懈泻懈懈小械胁械褉薪芯谐芯屑芯褉褋泻芯谐芯锌褍褌懈. 袨褌褋褞写邪芯褌锌褉邪胁谢褟谢懈褋褜褝泻褋锌械写懈褑懈懈袙.携. 效懈褔邪谐芯胁邪, 袗.袦. 小懈斜懈褉褟泻芯胁邪, 肖.袩. 袥懈褌泻械, 袙.袗. 袪褍褋邪薪芯胁邪, 袚.携. 小械写芯胁邪. 袧邪谢械写芯泻芯谢褜薪芯屑锌邪褉芯褏芯写械 "袗. 小懈斜懈褉褟泻" 斜褘谢芯褋芯胁械褉褕械薪芯锌械褉胁芯械锌谢邪胁邪薪懈械锌芯小械胁械褉薪芯屑褍屑芯褉褋泻芯屑褍锌褍褌懈蟹邪芯写薪褍薪邪胁懈谐邪褑懈褞 (1932).</p> <p>小 1929 谐. - 褑械薪褌褉小械胁械褉薪芯谐芯泻褉邪褟, 褋 1936 谐. - 小械胁械褉薪芯泄芯斜谢邪褋褌懈, 褋 1937 谐. - 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯泄芯斜谢邪褋褌懈.</p> <p>袙 1932 谐. 胁褔械褉褌褍袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪斜褘谢芯胁泻谢褞褔械薪芯褋械谢芯小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢邪 (9.0 褌褘褋. 卸懈褌., 1897) 懈芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢褜褋泻懈泄谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯泄褉邪泄芯薪.</p> <p>袙褋芯褋褌邪胁袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪胁芯褕谢懈袩袚孝袟械薪泻芯胁懈褔懈薪邪袘邪泻邪褉懈褑械 (袩袚孝褋 27.12.1927, 7.0 褌褘褋. 卸懈褌., 1931), 袠褋邪泻芯谐芯褉泻邪 (袩袚孝褋 27.12.1927, 5.4 褌褘褋. 卸懈褌., 1931), 笑懈谐谢芯屑械薪褜 (袩袚孝褋 27.12.1927, 7.0 褌褘褋. 卸懈褌., 1931).</p> <h2>协泻芯薪芯屑懈泻邪</h2> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻 - 泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈泄褑械薪褌褉谢械褋芯锌械褉械褉邪斜芯褌泻懈, 谢械褋芯褏懈屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈 (小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢褜褋泻懈泄笑袘袣, 斜芯谢械械 30 谢械褋芯锌懈谢褜薪褘褏锌褉械写锌褉懈褟褌懈泄, 谐懈写褉芯谢懈蟹薪褘泄蟹邪胁芯写懈写褉.) 懈谢械褋芯褝泻褋锌芯褉褌邪袪芯褋褋懈懈.</p> <p>袪邪蟹胁懈褌褘屑邪褕懈薪芯褋褌褉芯械薪懈械, 胁褌.褔. 锌褉芯懈蟹胁芯写褋褌胁芯芯斜芯褉褍写芯胁邪薪懈褟写谢褟谢械褋薪芯泄懈谢械褋芯芯斜褉邪斜邪褌褘胁邪褞褖械泄锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈, 褋褍写芯褋褌褉芯械薪懈械懈褋褍写芯褉械屑芯薪褌 (褋褍写芯褉械屑芯薪褌薪褘泄蟹邪胁芯写 "袣褉邪褋薪邪褟袣褍蟹薪懈褑邪"), 锌褉芯懈蟹胁芯写褋褌胁芯褋褌褉芯泄屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁. 袙袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻械: 袗袨 "小械胁械褉薪芯械屑芯褉褋泻芯械锌邪褉芯褏芯写褋褌胁芯" 懈袗袨 "孝褉邪谢芯胁褘泄褎谢芯褌". 袩械褉械褉邪斜芯褌泻邪屑芯褉褋泻懈褏胁芯写芯褉芯褋谢械泄.</p> <p><a href="firms.html">小锌懈褋芯泻泻褉褍锌薪械泄褕懈褏锌褉械写锌褉懈褟褌懈泄</a> 谐芯褉芯写邪锌褉懈胁械写褢薪薪邪芯褌写械谢褜薪芯泄褋褌褉邪薪懈褑械.</p> <h3>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻胁褑懈褎褉邪褏</h3> <p>袙袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄肖械写械褉邪褑懈懈褉邪蟹褉邪斜芯褌邪薪懈写械泄褋褌胁褍械褌褍薪懈褎懈褑懈褉芯胁邪薪薪邪褟褋懈褋褌械屑邪锌芯泻邪蟹邪褌械谢械泄, 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉懈蟹褍褞褖懈褏褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯-褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯械锌芯谢芯卸械薪懈械屑褍薪懈褑懈锌邪谢褜薪芯谐芯芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟. 袧邪 <a href="citystat.html">褝褌芯泄褋褌褉邪薪懈褑械</a> 锌褉懈胁械写械薪褘薪械泻芯褌芯褉褘械斜邪蟹芯胁褘械锌芯泻邪蟹邪褌械谢懈谐芯褉芯写邪.</p> <h2>袣褍谢褜褌褍褉邪, 薪邪褍泻邪, 芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈械</h2> <p>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄褌械褏薪懈褔械褋泻懈泄褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌, 袩芯屑芯褉褋泻懈泄谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌懈屑械薪懈袦.袙. 袥芯屑芯薪芯褋芯胁邪, 小械胁械褉薪褘泄谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄屑械写懈褑懈薪褋泻懈泄褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌. 肖懈谢懈邪谢袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄屑芯褉褋泻芯泄邪泻邪写械屑懈懈懈写褉.</p> <p>孝械邪褌褉褘: 写褉邪屑邪褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄懈屑. 袦.袙. 袥芯屑芯薪芯褋芯胁邪, 屑芯谢芯写械卸薪褘泄, 泻褍泻芯谢. 笑懈褉泻 (胁褉械屑芯薪褌械). 肖懈谢邪褉屑芯薪懈褟.</p> <p>袦褍蟹械懈: 泻褉邪械胁械写褔械褋泻懈泄 (芯褋薪芯胁邪薪胁 1859 谐.), 懈蟹芯斜褉邪蟹懈褌械谢褜薪褘褏懈褋泻褍褋褋褌胁, 袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄褋械胁械褉薪褘泄屑芯褉褋泻芯泄屑褍蟹械泄.</p> <h3>袙校袟褘谐芯褉芯写邪</h3> <p><a href="vuz.html">小锌懈褋芯泻胁褘褋褕懈褏褍褔械斜薪褘褏蟹邪胁械写械薪懈泄</a> 写械泄褋褌胁褍褞褖懈褏胁谐芯褉芯写械锌褉懈胁械写褢薪薪邪芯褌写械谢褜薪芯泄褋褌褉邪薪懈褑械.</p> <h3>袦褍蟹械懈, 谐邪谢械褉械懈, 胁褘褋褌邪胁芯褔薪褘械蟹邪谢褘</h3> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄屑褍蟹械泄-蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪懈泻写械褉械胁褟薪薪芯谐芯蟹芯写褔械褋褌胁邪懈薪邪褉芯写薪芯谐芯懈褋泻褍褋褋褌胁邪 "袦邪谢褘械袣芯褉械谢褘"</h5> <p>163502, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 褍谢. 袠芯邪薪薪邪袣褉芯薪褕褌邪写褌褋泻芯谐芯, 写. 15</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌褘: http://www.museum.ru/M1841, http://korely.ru/</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄泻褉邪械胁械写褔械褋泻懈泄屑褍蟹械泄</h5> <p>163061, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 锌谢. 袥械薪懈薪邪, 写. 2</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌褘: http://www.museum.ru/M933, http://kraeved29.ru/</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袘懈斜谢懈芯褌械泻邪 - 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪褘泄屑褍蟹械泄</h5> <p>163061, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 褍谢. 袙芯谢芯写邪褉褋泻芯谐芯, 写. 10</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌褘: http://www.museum.ru/M2162, http://litmuz.arhlib.ru/</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯械屑褍蟹械泄薪芯械芯斜褗械写懈薪械薪懈械 "啸褍写芯卸械褋褌胁械薪薪邪褟泻褍谢褜褌褍褉邪袪褍褋褋泻芯谐芯小械胁械褉邪"</h5> <p>163000, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 锌谢. 袥械薪懈薪邪, 写. 2</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌褘: http://www.museum.ru/M1444, http://www.arhmuseum.ru/</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袦褍蟹械泄邪胁懈邪褑懈懈小械胁械褉邪</h5> <p>163053, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 袗褝褉芯锌芯褉褌</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌: http://www.museum.ru/M2195</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>袦褍蟹械泄褋褍写芯褉械屑芯薪褌薪芯泄胁械褉褎懈 "袣褉邪褋薪邪褟泻褍蟹薪懈褑邪"</h5> <p>163020, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 锌褉. 袧懈泻芯谢褜褋泻懈泄, 写. 15</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌: http://www.museum.ru/M2028</p> </div> <div class="div-bottom"> <h5>小械胁械褉薪褘泄屑芯褉褋泻芯泄屑褍蟹械泄</h5> <p>163061, 谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 薪邪斜. 小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘, 写. 80</p> <p>袙械斜-褋邪泄褌褘: http://www.museum.ru/M2030, http://northernmaritime.ru/</p> </div> <h2>袗褉褏懈褌械泻褌褍褉邪, 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈, 写芯褋褌芯锌褉懈屑械褔邪褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌懈</h2> <p>袚芯褉芯写胁褘褌褟薪褍褌胁写芯谢褜薪邪斜械褉械卸薪芯泄小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘. 小 1794 谐芯褉芯写薪邪褔邪谢蟹邪褋褌褉邪懈胁邪褌褜褋褟锌芯褉械谐褍谢褟褉薪芯屑褍锌谢邪薪褍, 胁泻谢褞褔懈胁褕械屑褍褉邪薪械械锌芯褋褌褉芯械薪薪褘械泻邪屑械薪薪褘械蟹写邪薪懈褟胁褋懈褋褌械屑褍薪芯胁芯谐芯谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯谐芯锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁邪褋褕懈褉芯泻懈屑懈褍谢懈褑邪屑懈, 锌邪褉邪谢谢械谢褜薪褘屑懈薪邪斜械褉械卸薪芯泄. 小芯胁褉械屑械薪薪褘泄袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻蟹邪薪芯胁芯芯褌褋褌褉芯械薪薪褘泄锌芯锌褉芯械泻褌褍 1950 谐芯褉芯写-锌芯褉褌, 褋芯褏褉邪薪懈胁褕懈泄芯褋薪芯胁褍褞褋械褌褜褍谢懈褑, 薪芯褋褍胁械谢懈褔械薪懈械屑写芯 40 泻屑锌褉芯褌褟卸褢薪薪芯褋褌懈胁写芯谢褜小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘.</p> <p>小芯褏褉邪薪懈谢懈褋褜袚芯褋褌懈薪褘泄写胁芯褉, 孝邪屑芯卸械薪薪褘泄蟹邪屑芯泻, 斜邪褕薪褟懈蟹写邪薪懈械斜懈褉卸懈 (泻芯薪械褑 18 胁.). 袙褋械胁械褉薪芯泄褔邪褋褌懈谐芯褉芯写邪, 斜褘胁褕械泄谐邪褉薪懈蟹芯薪薪芯泄褋谢芯斜芯写械 - 斜邪褉芯褔薪邪褟褑械褉泻芯胁褜孝褉芯懈褑褘 (1745). 袪褟写褋芯褏褉邪薪懈胁褕懈褏褋褟写械褉械胁褟薪薪褘褏写芯屑芯胁泻芯薪褑邪 19 - 薪邪褔邪谢邪 20 胁胁. 薪褘薪械锌械褉械屑械褖械薪懈胁薪芯胁褜褋芯斜褉邪薪薪邪芯写薪芯泄懈蟹褋褌邪褉褘褏褍谢懈褑, 泻芯褌芯褉邪褟褋褌邪谢邪锌械褕械褏芯写薪芯泄蟹邪锌芯胁械写薪芯泄蟹芯薪芯泄. 袙褑械薪褌褉械谐芯褉芯写邪 - 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈袦.袙. 袥芯屑芯薪芯褋芯胁褍 (褍褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪胁 1832, 褋泻褍谢褜锌褌芯褉袠.袩. 袦邪褉褌芯褋, 1826-29) 懈袩械褌褉褍 I (褍褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪胁 1914, 褋泻褍谢褜锌褌芯褉袦.袦. 袗薪褌芯泻芯谢褜褋泻懈泄, 1872).</p> <p>袙谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯泄褔械褉褌械袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪薪邪褏芯写懈褌褋褟芯褋褌褉芯胁小芯谢芯屑斜邪谢邪 - 斜褘胁褕懈泄胁芯械薪薪芯-屑芯褉褋泻芯泄褑械薪褌褉袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪, 薪褘薪械芯写懈薪懈蟹锌褉芯屑褘褕谢械薪薪褘褏褉邪泄芯薪芯胁, 胁泻芯褌芯褉芯屑褋芯褏褉邪薪懈谢邪褋褜褋褌邪褉邪褟写械褉械胁褟薪薪邪褟蟹邪褋褌褉芯泄泻邪 (薪邪褔. 18 胁.) 懈蟹写邪薪懈械袗写屑懈褉邪谢褌械泄褋褌胁邪 (1820). 效邪褋褌懈褔薪芯褋芯褏褉邪薪懈谢邪褋褜泻邪屑械薪薪褘械蟹写邪薪懈褟 18-19 胁胁.</p> <p>袙邪卸薪褍褞褉芯谢褜懈谐褉邪褞褌卸械谢械蟹芯斜械褌芯薪薪褘泄锌芯写胁械褋薪芯泄屑芯褋褌褔械褉械蟹褉. 袣褍蟹薪械褔懈褏邪 (1956), 卸.写. 屑芯褋褌 (1964), 褋芯械写懈薪懈胁褕懈械褑械薪褌褉袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪褋薪芯胁褘屑懈褉邪泄芯薪邪屑懈谢械胁芯斜械褉械卸褜褟, 邪胁褌芯屑芯斜懈谢褜薪褘泄屑芯褋褌 (1990).</p> <p>袙写械谢褜褌械小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘, 胁芯泻褉械褋褌薪芯褋褌褟褏袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪 - 褋褌邪褉芯械锌芯屑芯褉褋泻芯械锌芯褋械谢械薪懈械袣芯薪械褑写胁芯褉褜械: 写械褉械胁褟薪薪褘械卸懈谢褘械写芯屑邪, 褕邪褌褉芯胁邪褟褑械褉泻芯胁褜袦懈褏邪懈谢邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢邪褋泻芯谢芯泻芯谢褜薪械泄 (1769).</p> <p>袙 25 泻屑泻褞谐褍芯褌袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪, 胁胁械褉褏锌芯褌械褔械薪懈褞小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘, 褍褋械谢袘芯谢褜褕懈械懈袦邪谢褘械袣邪褉械谢褘 - 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻懈泄屑褍蟹械泄写械褉械胁褟薪薪芯谐芯蟹芯写褔械褋褌胁邪 ( 褋芯斜褉邪薪褘屑薪芯谐芯褔懈褋谢械薪薪褘械锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈 16 - 薪邪褔. 20 胁胁. 懈蟹褉邪蟹薪褘褏褉邪泄芯薪芯胁袪褍褋褋泻芯谐芯小械胁械褉邪).</p> <p>袙 75 泻屑芯褌袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪 - 褋械谢芯啸芯谢屑芯谐芯褉褘 (懈蟹胁械褋褌薪芯褋 14 胁.). 小 1707 袣芯谢屑芯谐芯褉褘 - 锌芯褋邪写, 锌褉懈锌懈褋邪薪薪褘泄泻袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褍, 褋 1770 - 褍械蟹写薪褘泄谐芯褉芯写袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻芯泄谐褍斜械褉薪懈懈. 袧邪械谐芯褞卸薪芯泄芯泻褉邪懈薪械 - 写褉械胁薪械泄褕械械懈蟹褋芯褏褉邪薪懈胁褕懈褏褋褟泻邪屑械薪薪褘褏褋芯芯褉褍卸械薪懈泄袧懈卸薪械谐芯袩芯写胁懈薪褜褟 - 屑芯薪褍屑械薪褌邪谢褜薪褘泄锌褟褌懈谐谢邪胁褘泄小锌邪褋芯-袩褉械芯斜褉邪卸械薪褋泻懈泄褋芯斜芯褉褋薪械胁褘褋芯泻芯泄褕邪褌褉芯胁芯泄泻芯谢芯泻芯谢褜薪械泄 (1683-91) 懈写胁褍褏褝褌邪卸薪褘屑懈袗褉褏懈械褉械泄褋泻懈屑懈锌邪谢邪褌邪屑懈 (1688-89).</p> <h3>袩邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈邪褉褏懈褌械泻褌褍褉褘</h3> <h5>袚芯褋褌懈薪褘泄写胁芯褉 (褉褍褋褋泻懈泄) (1668-1684)</h5> <p>懈薪卸. 袦邪褌懈褋袗薪褑懈薪 (1668-71); 袛屑懈褌褉懈泄袦懈褏邪泄谢芯胁懈褔小褌邪褉褑械胁 (1671-84)</p> <p>谐. 袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻, 薪邪斜. 小械胁械褉薪芯泄袛胁懈薪褘, 写写. 85, 86, 86邪; 袙芯褋泻褉械褋械薪褋泻邪褟褍谢., 写. 3-邪 <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@?api=1&map_action=map&center=64.5388333,40.5096667&zoom=18&basemap=satellite" target="_blank">袣邪褉褌褘 Google</a> <a href="https://yandex.ru/maps/?ll=40.5096667,64.5388333&z=18&l=skl" target="_blank">携薪写械泻褋.袣邪褉褌褘</a></p> <p>袚芯褋褌懈薪褘泄写胁芯褉锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟谢褋芯斜芯泄褌芯褉谐芯胁芯械懈芯斜芯褉芯薪懈褌械谢褜薪芯械褋芯芯褉褍卸械薪懈械懈斜褘谢锌芯褋褌褉芯械薪胁薪邪屑褘褋械袩褍褉-袧邪胁芯谢芯泻胁 1668-84 谐谐. 袙薪邪褋褌芯褟褖懈泄屑芯屑械薪褌褋芯褏褉邪薪懈谢褋褟褎褉邪谐屑械薪褌蟹邪锌邪写薪芯泄褋褌械薪褘懈褋械胁械褉薪邪褟斜邪褕薪褟; 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟褋褌邪褉械泄褕懈屑褋芯褏褉邪薪懈胁褕懈屑褋褟蟹写邪薪懈械屑袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪. 袙 1668 谐. 斜褘谢懈蟹邪谢芯卸械薪褘袪褍褋褋泻懈泄懈袧械屑械褑泻懈泄袚芯褋褌懈薪褘械写胁芯褉褘. 袙 1670 谐. 胁褘谐芯褉械谢邪写械褉械胁褟薪薪邪褟泻褉械锌芯褋褌褜袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻邪懈泻芯屑锌谢械泻褋写胁芯褉芯胁斜褘谢写芯锌芯谢薪械薪褎芯褉褌懈褎懈泻邪褑懈芯薪薪褘屑懈褍泻褉械锌谢械薪懈褟屑懈. 袙 1770-褏谐谐. 袧械屑械褑泻懈泄谐芯褋褌懈薪褘泄写胁芯褉斜褘谢褉邪蟹芯斜褉邪薪胁胁懈写褍胁械褌褏芯褋褌懈. 袪械褋褌邪胁褉邪褑懈芯薪薪褘械褉邪斜芯褌褘胁械谢懈褋褜褋锌械褉械褉褘胁邪屑懈褋 1992 谐.</p> <p>袛芯锌芯谢薪懈褌械谢褜薪邪褟懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褟薪邪 <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/袚芯褋褌懈薪褘泄_写胁芯褉_(袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻)" target="_blank">袙懈泻懈锌械写懈懈</a></p> <h2>袩芯懈褋泻写芯锌芯谢薪懈褌械谢褜薪芯泄懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈懈</h2> <p>袝褋谢懈袙褘薪械薪邪褕谢懈褌褉械斜褍械屑褍褞懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褞薪邪写邪薪薪芯泄褋褌褉邪薪懈褑械, 锌芯卸邪谢褍泄褋褌邪胁芯褋锌芯谢褜蟹褍泄褌械褋褜锌芯懈褋泻芯胁芯泄褎芯褉屑芯泄薪懈卸械:</p> <div class="yandex-search-bar"> <div class="ya-site-form ya-site-form_inited_no" data-bem="{"action":"https://yandex.ru/search/site/","arrow":false,"bg":"transparent","fontsize":12,"fg":"#000000","language":"ru","logo":"rb","publicname":"袩芯懈褋泻锌芯褋邪泄褌褍褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈懈袦芯泄袚芯褉芯写","suggest":true,"target":"_self","tld":"ru","type":2,"usebigdictionary":true,"searchid":2429475,"input_fg":"#000000","input_bg":"#ffffff","input_fontStyle":"normal","input_fontWeight":"normal","input_placeholder":null,"input_placeholderColor":"#000000","input_borderColor":"#7f9db9"}"><form action="https://yandex.ru/search/site/" method="get" target="_self" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="searchid" value="2429475"/><input type="hidden" name="l10n" value="ru"/><input type="hidden" name="reqenc" value=""/><input type="search" name="text" value=""/><input type="submit" value="袧邪泄褌懈"/></form></div><style type="text/css">.ya-page_js_yes .ya-site-form_inited_no { display: none; }</style><script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,c){var s=d.createElement('script'),h=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],e=d.documentElement;if((' '+e.className+' ').indexOf(' ya-page_js_yes ')===-1){e.className+=' ya-page_js_yes';}s.type='text/javascript';s.async=true;s.charset='utf-8';s.src=(d.location.protocol==='https:'?'https:':'http:')+'//site.yandex.net/v2.0/js/all.js';h.parentNode.insertBefore(s,h);(w[c]||(w[c]=[])).push(function(){Ya.Site.Form.init()})})(window,document,'yandex_site_callbacks');</script> </div> <h2>袛懈薪邪屑懈泻邪褔懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟</h2> <img src="../../image/poppr/poppr11401.png" title="袛芯谢褟褔懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟谐芯褉芯写邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻锌芯褋褉邪胁薪械薪懈褞褋薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械屑褉械谐懈芯薪邪"><img src="../../image/poppc/poppc11401.png" title="袛芯谢褟褔懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟谐芯褉芯写邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻锌芯褋褉邪胁薪械薪懈褞褋谐芯褉芯写褋泻懈屑薪邪褋械谢械薪懈械屑褉械谐懈芯薪邪"> <div class="table_graph"> <div> <table> <caption>效懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌褜薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟谐芯褉芯写邪袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻胁褉邪蟹薪褘械谐芯写褘 (褌褘褋褟褔卸懈褌械谢械泄)</caption> <thead> <tr><th>袚芯写</th><th>效懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌褜<br>薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td class="td__center">1811</td><td class="td__center">11.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1840</td><td class="td__center">9.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1856</td><td class="td__center">15.2</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1863</td><td class="td__center">20.2</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1897</td><td class="td__center">20.9</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1913</td><td class="td__center">35.4</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1914</td><td class="td__center">36.9</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1923</td><td class="td__center">53.3</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1926</td><td class="td__center">75.5</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1931</td><td class="td__center">128.9</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1934</td><td class="td__center">199.0</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1939</td><td class="td__center">284.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1956</td><td class="td__center">238.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1959</td><td class="td__center">256.3</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1962</td><td class="td__center">276.0</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1967</td><td class="td__center">310.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1970</td><td class="td__center">342.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1973</td><td class="td__center">362.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1976</td><td class="td__center">371.0</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1979</td><td class="td__center">385.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1982</td><td class="td__center">395.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1986</td><td class="td__center">412.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1989</td><td class="td__center">415.9</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1992</td><td class="td__center">413.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1995</td><td class="td__center">381.9</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1996</td><td class="td__center">372.1</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">1997</td><td class="td__center">378.2</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">1998</td><td class="td__center">367.9</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2000</td><td class="td__center">361.8</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2003</td><td class="td__center">356.1</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2005</td><td class="td__center">351.6</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">2007</td><td class="td__center">348.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2008</td><td class="td__center">348.7</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2011</td><td class="td__center">348.8</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2013</td><td class="td__center">351.0</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">2015</td><td class="td__center">351.0</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2017</td><td class="td__center">351.5</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2019</td><td class="td__center">348.3</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2020</td><td class="td__center">347.0</td></tr> <tr class="tr__fourth"><td class="td__center">2022</td><td class="td__center">301.2</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2023</td><td class="td__center">298.6</td></tr> <tr><td class="td__center">2024</td><td class="td__center">296.7</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div><div><img src="../../image/popf/popf11401.png" title="袠蟹屑械薪械薪懈械褔懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褋 1959 谐芯写邪"></div><div><img src="../../image/pops/pops11401.png" title="袠蟹屑械薪械薪懈械褔懈褋谢械薪薪芯褋褌懈薪邪褋械谢械薪懈褟袗褉褏邪薪谐械谢褜褋泻褋 2000 谐芯写邪"></div></div> </div> <h2>袥懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪</h2> <ul> <li>袚谢. 褉械写. 袥邪锌锌芯袚.袦. 袚芯褉芯写邪袪芯褋褋懈懈: 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟. - 袦.: 袘芯谢褜褕邪褟袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻邪褟褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟, 1994.</li> <li>袚谢. 褉械写. 袚芯褉泻懈薪袗.袩. 袚械芯谐褉邪褎懈褟袪芯褋褋懈懈: 褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褔械褋泻懈泄褋谢芯胁邪褉褜. - 袦.: 袘芯谢褜褕邪褟袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻邪褟褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟, 1998.</li> <li>袩芯褋锌械谢芯胁袝.袦. 袚械芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻懈械薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈褟屑懈褉邪: 孝芯锌芯薪懈屑懈褔械褋泻懈泄褋谢芯胁邪褉褜: 袨泻芯谢芯 5000 械写懈薪懈褑. - 袦.: 袪褍褋褋泻懈械褋谢芯胁邪褉懈, 袨袨袨 "袠蟹写-胁芯袗褋褌褉械谢褜", 袨袨袨 "袠蟹写-胁芯袗小孝", 2001.</li> <li>袘芯谐褍褋谢邪胁褋泻懈泄袙.袙. 小谢邪胁褟薪褋泻邪褟褝薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟. 袣懈械胁褋泻邪褟袪褍褋褜 - 袦芯褋泻芯胁懈褟: 胁 2 褌. 孝. 1. - 袦.: 袨谢屑邪-袩褉械褋褋, 2005.</li> <li>袣褉芯谐懈褍褋袙.袪. 袠褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈械谐芯褉芯写邪袪芯褋褋懈懈泻邪泻褎械薪芯屑械薪械褢泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯谐芯薪邪褋谢械写懈褟. - 袦.: 袩褉芯谐褉械褋褋-孝褉邪写懈褑懈褟, 2009.</li> </ul> </article> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-authors"> <p>© <a href="mailto:mojgorod@mail.ru">小械褉谐械泄小芯谢写邪褌芯胁</a>, 懈写械褟, 褌械泻褋褌褘, 写懈蟹邪泄薪, 2000-2024</p> <p>© <a href="mailto:mojgorod_forum@mail.ru">袧邪褌邪谢褜褟小芯谢写邪褌芯胁邪</a>, 褏褍写芯卸械褋褌胁械薪薪芯械芯褎芯褉屑谢械薪懈械, 胁械写械薪懈械锌褉芯械泻褌邪, 2008-2024</p> <p>© <a href="mailto:sova@nm.ru">袙邪谢械褉懈泄小芯谢写邪褌芯胁</a>, 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械, 2000-2024</p> </div> <div class="site-footer__end"><script 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