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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ميكانيكا إنشائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميكانيكا إنشائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Төҙөлөш механикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төҙөлөш механикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Будаўнічая механіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Будаўнічая механіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Çурттăвăм механики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурттăвăм механики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strukturmechanik" title="Strukturmechanik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strukturmechanik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehitusmehaanika" title="Ehitusmehaanika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ehitusmehaanika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="구조역학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구조역학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Շինարարական մեխանիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շինարարական մեխանիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanica_delle_strutture" title="Meccanica delle strutture – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanica delle strutture" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Құрылыс механикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрылыс механикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="構造力学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="構造力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_de_estruturas" title="Mecânica de estruturas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mecânica de estruturas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_structurilor" title="Mecanica structurilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecanica structurilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Строительная механика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Строительная механика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Теорија конструкција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Теорија конструкција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корылма механикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корылма механикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Будівельна механіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Будівельна механіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_h%E1%BB%8Dc_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BA%A5u" title="Cơ học kết cấu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ học kết cấu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="结构力学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="结构力学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="結構力學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="結構力學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="结构力学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="结构力学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1371892#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Structural_mechanics" title="Special:EditPage/Structural mechanics">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Structural+mechanics%22">"Structural mechanics"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Structural+mechanics%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Structural+mechanics%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Structural+mechanics%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Structural+mechanics%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Structural+mechanics%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Higher Studying Field</div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceFrame02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/SpaceFrame02.png/220px-SpaceFrame02.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/SpaceFrame02.png/330px-SpaceFrame02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/SpaceFrame02.png/440px-SpaceFrame02.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Space frame used in a building structure</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg/220px-Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg/330px-Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg/440px-Caterham7spaceframe-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Tubular frame used in a competition car</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural</a> mechanics</b> or <b>mechanics of structures</b> is the computation of <a href="/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)" title="Deformation (engineering)">deformations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deflection_(engineering)" title="Deflection (engineering)">deflections</a>, and internal <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">forces</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stress_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (physics)">stresses</a> (<i>stress equivalents</i>) within structures, either for design or for performance evaluation of existing structures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one subset of <a href="/wiki/Structural_analysis" title="Structural analysis">structural analysis</a>. Structural mechanics analysis needs input data such as <a href="/wiki/Structural_load" title="Structural load">structural loads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_structural_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of structural elements">structure's geometric representation</a> and support conditions, and the materials' properties. Output quantities may include support reactions, <a href="/wiki/Stress_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (physics)">stresses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(vector)" class="mw-redirect" title="Displacement (vector)">displacements</a>. Advanced structural mechanics may include the effects of stability and non-linear behaviors. </p><p>Mechanics of structures is a field of study within applied mechanics that investigates the behavior of structures under mechanical loads, such as bending of a beam, buckling of a column, torsion of a shaft, deflection of a thin shell, and vibration of a bridge. </p><p>There are three approaches to the analysis: the <a href="/wiki/Energy_principles_in_structural_mechanics" title="Energy principles in structural mechanics">energy methods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexibility_method" title="Flexibility method">flexibility method</a> or <a href="/wiki/Direct_stiffness_method" title="Direct stiffness method">direct stiffness method</a> which later developed into <a href="/wiki/Finite_element_method_in_structural_mechanics" title="Finite element method in structural mechanics">finite element method</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bending" title="Plastic bending">plastic analysis</a> approach. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_method">Energy method</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Energy method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_principles_in_structural_mechanics" title="Energy principles in structural mechanics">Energy principles in structural mechanics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flexibility_method">Flexibility method</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flexibility method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexibility_method" title="Flexibility method">Flexibility method</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stiffness_methods">Stiffness methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stiffness methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_stiffness_method" title="Direct stiffness method">Direct stiffness method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_element_method_in_structural_mechanics" title="Finite element method in structural mechanics">Finite element method in structural mechanics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plastic_analysis_approach">Plastic analysis approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plastic analysis approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bending" title="Plastic bending">Plastic analysis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_topics">Major topics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Beam theory">Beam theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckling" title="Buckling">Buckling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finite_element_method_in_structural_mechanics" title="Finite element method in structural mechanics">Finite element method in structural mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_theory" title="Plate theory">Plates and shells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)" title="Torsion (mechanics)">Torsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusses" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusses">Trusses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiffening" title="Stiffening">Stiffening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_dynamics" title="Structural dynamics">Structural dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckling" title="Buckling">Structural instability</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Structural_mechanics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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