CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1948 Republican Party presidential primaries - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6029d9b1-17a5-48c2-8276-71759f40e048","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries","wgTitle":"1948 Republican Party presidential primaries","wgCurRevisionId":1260629171,"wgRevisionId":1260629171,"wgArticleId":15634792,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from September 2011","All articles needing additional references","Articles that may contain original research from May 2017","All articles that may contain original research","Articles with multiple maintenance issues", "1948 United States Republican presidential primaries","Thomas E. Dewey","Douglas MacArthur","Dwight D. Eisenhower","Harry S. Truman"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries","wgRelevantArticleId":15634792,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_1948","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000, "wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7314674","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/1200px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1497"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/800px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="998"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/640px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries rootpage-1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Candidates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Major candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Competing_in_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competing_in_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Competing in primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competing_in_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bypassing_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bypassing_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Bypassing primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bypassing_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Favorite_sons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Favorite_sons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Favorite sons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Favorite_sons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Polling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Polling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Polling subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>National polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Primary campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Primary_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Primary campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Primary_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Hampshire:_March_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Hampshire:_March_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>New Hampshire: March 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Hampshire:_March_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wisconsin:_April_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wisconsin:_April_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wisconsin: April 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wisconsin:_April_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nebraska:_April_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nebraska:_April_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Nebraska: April 13</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nebraska:_April_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohio:_May_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohio:_May_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ohio: May 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohio:_May_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oregon:_May_21" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon:_May_21"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Oregon: May 21</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon:_May_21-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Radio debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statewide_contests_by_winner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statewide_contests_by_winner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Statewide contests by winner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statewide_contests_by_winner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Republican Party presidential primaries</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_primarie_del_Partito_Repubblicano_del_1948_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Elezioni primarie del Partito Repubblicano del 1948 (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni primarie del Partito Repubblicano del 1948 (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7314674#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&oldid=1260629171" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&id=1260629171&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_1948" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7314674" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_1948&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1948">Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1948</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Selection of Republican US presidential candidate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Special:EditPage/1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Talk:1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Special:EditPage/1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22">"1948 Republican Party presidential primaries"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1948 Republican Party presidential primaries</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Republican Party presidential primaries">1944</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>March 9 to June 1, 1948</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />1,092 delegates to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a><br />547 (majority) votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FF8080"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Dewey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/128px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/192px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Thomas_Dewey.jpg/256px-Thomas_Dewey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="3550" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #37C871"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Stassen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Harold_Stassen.jpg/121px-Harold_Stassen.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Harold_Stassen.jpg/182px-Harold_Stassen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Harold_Stassen.jpg/243px-Harold_Stassen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1761" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #8080FF"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertATaft83rdCongress.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RobertATaft83rdCongress.png/132px-RobertATaft83rdCongress.png" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RobertATaft83rdCongress.png/198px-RobertATaft83rdCongress.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/RobertATaft83rdCongress.png/264px-RobertATaft83rdCongress.png 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="2867" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Candidate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Delegate count </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">434 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">157 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">224 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Contests won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>4</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">330,799 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>627,321</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">464,741 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11.6% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>22.0%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16.3% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="switcher-container"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg/350px-1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg/525px-1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg/700px-1948_Republican_presidential_primary_results.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">First place by first-instance vote</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg/350px-First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg/525px-First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg/700px-First_ballot_of_the_1948_Republican_National_Convention.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">First place by convention roll call</span></div></div><div><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FF8080; color:#FF8080;">    </span> Dewey</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#8080FF; color:#8080FF;">    </span> Taft</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#37C871; color:#37C871;">    </span> Stassen</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#916f6f; color:#916f6f;">    </span> Various<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Previous Republican nominee</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a><br /> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Republican nominee</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From March 9 to June 1, 1948, voters of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> elected delegates to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 Republican National Convention</a>, in part to choose the party nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 Republican National Convention</a> was held from June 21 to June 25, 1948, in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> was nominated for president and California Governor <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> was nominated for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewey and Warren went on to lose the general election to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s ticket of incumbent President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and Kentucky senator <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> courted <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, the most popular United States general of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Eisenhower's political views were unknown in 1948. He was, later events would prove, a moderate Republican, but in 1948 he flatly refused the nomination of any political party. </p><p>With Eisenhower refusing to run, the contest for the Republican nomination was between New York Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a>, former Minnesota Governor <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, Ohio Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> and California Governor <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>. Governor Dewey, who had been the Republican nominee in 1944, was regarded as the frontrunner when the primaries began. Dewey was the acknowledged leader of the GOP's powerful eastern establishment; in 1946 he had been re-elected Governor of New York by the largest margin in state history. Dewey's handicap was that many Republicans disliked him; he often struck observers as cold, stiff and condescending. Senator Taft was the leader of the GOP's conservative wing. He opened his campaign in 1947 by attacking the Democratic Party's domestic policy and foreign policy. In foreign policy, Taft was a <a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a> who opposed many of the alliances the U.S. government had made with other nations to fight the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>; he believed that the nation should concentrate on its own problems and avoid "imperial entanglements". On domestic issues, Taft and his fellow conservatives wanted to abolish many of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> social welfare programs that had been created in the 1930s; they regarded these programs as too expensive and harmful to business interests. Taft had two major weaknesses: he was seen as a plodding, dull campaigner, and he was viewed by most party leaders as being too conservative and controversial to win a presidential election. Taft's support was limited to his native <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>. </p><p>The "surprise" candidate of 1948 was Stassen, the former "boy wonder" of Minnesota politics. Stassen had been elected governor of Minnesota at the age of 31; he resigned as governor in 1943 and served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> in World War II. In 1945 he had served on the committee which created the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Stassen was widely regarded as the most "liberal" of the Republican candidates, yet as the primaries continued he was criticized for being vague on many issues. </p><p>The following political leaders were candidates for the 1948 Republican presidential nomination: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_candidates">Major candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Competing_in_primaries">Competing in primaries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Competing in primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Candidate </th> <th class="unsortable">Most recent position </th> <th>Home state </th> <th data-sort-type="date">Campaign </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-sort-value="Dewey"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg/81px-Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg/121px-Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg/162px-Thomas_E._Dewey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#FF8080;"> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a></b><br />(1943–54) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo,_1948_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg/114px-Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg/171px-Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg/228px-Thomas_E._Dewey_presidential_campaign_logo%2C_1948_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5376" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey#1948" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Campaign</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg/81px-DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg/122px-DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg/162px-DouglasMacArthur1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3663" data-file-height="4751" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a></b><br />(1944–64) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York_%281909%E2%80%932020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LeverettSaltonstall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LeverettSaltonstall.jpg/82px-LeverettSaltonstall.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LeverettSaltonstall.jpg/123px-LeverettSaltonstall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LeverettSaltonstall.jpg/163px-LeverettSaltonstall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#800080;"> </td> <td><b>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></b><br />(1945–67) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg/82px-HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg/124px-HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg/165px-HaroldStassenOfficialOil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#37C871;"> </td> <td><b>Governor<br />of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></b><br />(1939–43) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg/28px-Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Minnesota_%281893%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="429" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td><small>(<a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen#Presidential_politics_(1944–1964)" title="Harold Stassen">Campaign</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_a_taft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Robert_a_taft.jpg/83px-Robert_a_taft.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Robert_a_taft.jpg/124px-Robert_a_taft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Robert_a_taft.jpg/165px-Robert_a_taft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="745" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#8080FF;"> </td> <td><b>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></b><br />(1939–53) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/38px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/50px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td><b>Announced campaign:</b> October 24, 1947<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972382_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972382-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(Campaign)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg/84px-Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg/125px-Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg/167px-Arthur_H._Vandenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></b><br />(1928–51) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_Warren_Portrait,_half_figure,_seated,_facing_front,_as_Governor_(cropped_3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/83px-Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/125px-Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/167px-Earl_Warren_Portrait%2C_half_figure%2C_seated%2C_facing_front%2C_as_Governor_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#A05A37;"> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a></b><br />(1943–53) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png/23px-Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png/35px-Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png/45px-Flag_of_California_%281924%E2%80%931953%29.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bypassing_primaries">Bypassing primaries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bypassing primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following candidates did not actively campaign for any state's presidential primary, but may have had their name placed on the ballot by supporters or may have sought to influence to selection of un-elected delegates or sought the support of uncommitted delegates. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Most recent position </th> <th>Home state </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Baldwin" title="Raymond E. Baldwin">Raymond Baldwin</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg/82px-Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg/123px-Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg/164px-Raymond_Earl_Baldwin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></b><br />(1946–49) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dwight_H._Green" title="Dwight H. Green">Dwight H. Green</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_(a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg/82px-Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg/123px-Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg/163px-Dwight_H._Green_cph.3b30070_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="1382" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>Governor<br />of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></b><br />(1941–49) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Illinois_%281915%E2%80%931969%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EdwardMartinPA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/EdwardMartinPA.jpg/94px-EdwardMartinPA.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/EdwardMartinPA.jpg/141px-EdwardMartinPA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/EdwardMartinPA.jpg/188px-EdwardMartinPA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2197" data-file-height="2760" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></b><br />(1947–59) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Joseph Martin Jr.</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg/84px-SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg/126px-SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg/168px-SPEAKER_JWMartin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="269" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives"><b>Speaker of the House</b></a><br />(1947–49) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts_%281908%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/B._Carroll_Reece" title="B. Carroll Reece">B. Carroll Reece</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B._Carroll_Reece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/B._Carroll_Reece.jpg/88px-B._Carroll_Reece.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/B._Carroll_Reece.jpg/133px-B._Carroll_Reece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/B._Carroll_Reece.jpg/177px-B._Carroll_Reece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>Chairman of the RNC</b><br />(1946–48) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Favorite_sons">Favorite sons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Favorite sons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media. </p> <ul><li>Businessman <b><a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></b> of Illinois</li> <li>Newspaper publisher <b>R.W. Hitchcock</b> of South Dakota</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polling">Polling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_polling">National polling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graph of opinion polls conducted</div></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:80px;">Source </th> <th style="width:90px;">Publication </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>Thomas Dewey</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Douglas MacArthur</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Leverett Saltonstall</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Harold Stassen</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Robert Taft</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Arthur Vandenberg</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Earl Warren</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Apr. 1945 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59%</b> </td> <td>7% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>2% </td> <td>4% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Jan. 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>38%</b> </td> <td>6% </td> <td>2% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>4% </td> <td>4% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Mar. 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>37%</b> </td> <td>3% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>33% </td> <td>3% </td> <td>6% </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Apr. 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>35%</b> </td> <td>5% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>34% </td> <td>3% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>July 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>38%</b> </td> <td>6% </td> <td>– </td> <td>28% </td> <td>4% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>July 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>37%</b> </td> <td>4% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>25% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>8% </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Oct. 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>40%</b> </td> <td>5% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>22% </td> <td>6% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Nov. 1946 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>52%</b> </td> <td>2% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>17% </td> <td>2% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Feb. 1947 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>45%</b> </td> <td>3% </td> <td>– </td> <td>18% </td> <td>8% </td> <td>8% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Apr. 1947 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>51%</b> </td> <td>2% </td> <td>– </td> <td>15% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>10% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>June 1947 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>50%</b> </td> <td>3% </td> <td>– </td> <td>15% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Jan. 1948 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>33%</b> </td> <td>10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Mar. 1948 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>37%</b> </td> <td>12% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Mar. 1948 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>34%</b> </td> <td>19% </td> <td>1% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Apr. 1948 </td> <td>29% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>– </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>31%</b> </td> <td>9% </td> <td>10% </td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>Apr. 1948 </td> <td>24% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>– </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>37%</b> </td> <td>8% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gallup </td> <td>June 1948 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>33%</b> </td> <td>11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>26% </td> <td>10% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primary_campaign">Primary campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Primary campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Hampshire:_March_9">New Hampshire: March 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Hampshire: March 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dewey declined to enter the campaign actively while the New York legislature remained in session. In New Hampshire, that meant Dewey relied on the state's Governor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Dale" title="Charles M. Dale">Charles M. Dale</a>, and other supporters to deliver the eight-person delegation to his column. His campaign spent only $9,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result was inconclusive. Dewey took six of the state's eight delegates, and the most popular Dewey delegate outpolled the most popular Stassen delegate by 28,000 votes to 21,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wisconsin:_April_6">Wisconsin: April 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wisconsin: April 6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wisconsin had proven decisive in 1944 by eliminating <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> from the campaign after a poor showing; in 1948, it evolved into a contest between native son <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> and neighbor <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> of Minnesota. Dewey, maintaining his front-runner approach, remained in Albany and nearly declined to enter the primary, submitting his name only halfheartedly at the last minute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Stassen campaign benefited from the large Scandinavian population and the support of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, while MacArthur, still in Tokyo, was supported by the <a href="/wiki/La_Follette_family" title="La Follette family">La Follette family</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee Sentinel">Milwaukee Sentinel</a>, and many of Dewey's 1944 campaigners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCarthy, a Catholic, criticized MacArthur for his remarriage and divorce; the attack was aimed at the state's large Catholic population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stassen also succeeded by appealing to both young and liberal voters (through internationalist foreign policy) and conservative and ethnic voters (by calling for a national ban on the Communist Party). In an indirect attack on Dewey, he noted that forty percent of the nation's communists resided in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though he did not initially campaign in the state, Dewey was weakened by Wisconsin; the leading candidates and other enemies, like former Congressman <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_III" title="Hamilton Fish III">Hamilton Fish III</a>, had the opportunity to attack him while he remained in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewey briefly entered the fray in the final days, delivering speeches at Kenosha and Appleton College, and issuing a statewide radio broadcast on April 1 to criticize Stassen's proposed ban on communists, famously arguing, "You can't shoot an idea with a gun."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stassen won a triumph over MacArthur, taking nineteen delegates to the General's eight. Dewey was shut out, though he captured ten delegates in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nebraska:_April_13">Nebraska: April 13</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nebraska: April 13"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg/259px-The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg/388px-The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg/517px-The_Nebraska_Primary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>A political cartoon depicts Dewey, Taft, and Stassen fighting in the Nebraska primary; other contenders look on as a matronly elephant, symbolizing the Party, urges unity.</figcaption></figure> <p>One week after Wisconsin, Stassen again bested Dewey in Nebraska. Dewey had made a much stronger effort there, having left Wisconsin early to deliver a foreign policy speech in Lincoln. The two were joined on the campaign trail in Nebraska by Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a>, entering his first primary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given a break in the Senate schedule for Lincoln's birthday, Taft campaigned in Nebraska, as well as Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, and Colorado in the span of one week.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972387_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972387-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taft was unpopular in the state over his opposition to farm subsidies<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unable to campaign until Senate business concluded; he likely preferred to bypass the state altogether. His hand was forced, however, by an independent committee which placed the names of all candidates on the ballot and Senator <a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Butler" title="Hugh A. Butler">Hugh A. Butler</a>, who offered Taft the support of his political organization and personally planned a three-day campaign trip for him; he reluctantly agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was disaster for Taft, who finished a distant third (with only twice the vote of the non-candidate Vandenberg) and a boost for Stassen, who won a clean victory over Dewey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Now with clear momentum, Stassen appeared to be the favorite for the nomination; he led in the Gallup poll for the first time and was the betting favorite to win the crucial Oregon primary, his next showdown with Dewey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faced with the definite prospect of a third failed presidential campaign, the press began to write Dewey off. "Although he is not a tragic figure," wrote the liberal magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>, "there is an element of tragedy in his collapse as a leading contender. ... [H]e has pursued such a cautious course and been so clearly motivated by ambition that he stands for nothing and has no real friends."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dewey thus decided to stake his political career on Oregon and left for the state on April 20, to establish a campaign and barnstorm for votes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982489_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982489-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ohio:_May_4">Ohio: May 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ohio: May 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January, Stassen made a serious violation of political etiquette by challenging a candidate in his home state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Taft personally appealed to Stassen to desist for both candidacies' sakes, the Minnesotan pressed forward with a January 25 announcement that he would controversially file in Ohio, angering Taft and his conservative supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stassen reasoned that he must campaign in the state, since he relied entirely on popular support without establishment backing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After losing Nebraska, Taft hurried home, where he would campaign from April 17 until primary day, speaking eight to ten times per day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stassen focused his strength by running a slate of only twenty-three delegates out of a possible fifty-three. Only one, a respected former Ohio Supreme Court justice, ran at-large; the other twenty-two ran in carefully selected districts in the urban centers of Akron, Cleveland, Dayton, and Youngstown. Stassen presumed that voters in these districts would oppose Taft for his sponsorship of the anti-union <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley Act">Taft-Hartley Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taft ridiculed Stassen for vagueness on the issues and took a firm stance in response against universal military training. He proudly spoke in favor of <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley Act">Taft-Hartley</a> and also noted his public housing and education aid bills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taft's public relations advisor L. Richard Guylay utilized a radio campaign based on the principles of <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Gustave Le Bon</a>, targeting veterans, young voters, and even union members with a direct <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_emotion" title="Appeal to emotion">appeal to emotion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972397_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972397-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary was a resounding victory for Taft. Out of the twenty-two district races, Stassen won only nine. His sole delegate at-large finished last. Taft was particularly gratified by the support in industrial regions and told <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> that he had received a "new lease on life." Stassen had been dealt his first major blow and permanently alienated the conservative wing of the party in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Privately, however, Taft acknowledged Ohio as a <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_victory" title="Pyrrhic victory">Pyrrhic victory</a>; the effort strained his health and budget and gave Dewey a major leg up on both exhausted candidates,.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oregon:_May_21">Oregon: May 21</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oregon: May 21"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning after his loss in Nebraska, Dewey prepared for a final stand in Oregon; he proclaimed to advisors that his political career was at stake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oregon was the only remaining state in which he would compete directly with Stassen for delegates elected by the voters.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had established a campaign strategy in the crucial state in July 1947 with <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brownell" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Brownell">Herbert Brownell</a> and local campaign veteran Ralph Moores, but by March, Moores warned Dewey that the campaign was adrift, and that it would be "desperately hard" to regain the advantage over Stassen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dewey enlisted support from various lobbyists and groups, including <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Aldrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Winthrop Aldrich">Winthrop Aldrich</a>, the Brooklyn Real Estate Board, the New York American Federation of Labor, Detroit Edison, the Michigan Alumni Association, Detroit Edison, and the <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Railroad_Trainmen" title="Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen">Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen</a>; he was even backed by lobbyists from the Minnesota Rose Society in Stassen's home state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign established several interest group-specific campaigns, including those for sportsmen, teachers, dentists, lawyers, osteopaths, and farmers. Among those constituencies targeted were the state's 12,000 black voters, who received mailings paying tribute to Dewey's efforts for a landmark anti-discrimination law and practice of race-blind hiring in state employment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dewey arrived in the state personally on May 1, campaigning throughout the state; within the first week, he met 35,000 voters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 12, Dewey forces had spent $71,000 in the state, most raised by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Talbott" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Talbott">Harold Talbott</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler Corporation">Chrysler Corporation</a>. The campaign would ultimately spend around $150,000, triple the state record, on billboards, radio spots, newspaper advertisements, and half-hour broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day before the primary, the Dewey campaign ran a telegram to every physician in the state, written by a former Stassen supporter who had soured on the candidate over socialized medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stassen, exhausted from his campaign in Ohio, found himself on the defensive for the first time and returned to Oregon earlier than he had planned. His opponents now criticized him for being vague on the issues, including <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley">Taft-Hartley</a>, universal military training, and reciprocal tariffs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio_debate">Radio debate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Radio debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dewey%E2%80%93Stassen_debate" title="Dewey–Stassen debate">Dewey–Stassen debate</a></div> <p>In the final week of the campaign, Stassen returned to anti-communism, the issue which had boosted his campaign to the forefront.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stassen attacked Dewey for a "soft, coddling policy" on communism in the United States and challenged him to a direct debate on the issue—the first ever head-to-head radio debate between two presidential candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewey accepted, and as the challenged party, chose the format, topic, and rules; the debate would be broadcast nationally on 900 stations from a quiet studio at <a href="/wiki/KEX_(AM)" title="KEX (AM)">KEX Portland</a>. The single topic: "<a href="/wiki/Mundt-Nixon_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundt-Nixon Bill">Shall the Communist Party be outlawed in the United States?</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debate was heard by an estimated 40–80 million listeners throughout the country, one of the largest audiences in history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the debate, Stassen read credited his wartime service and world travels for his belief than an international Communist network demanded immediate, punitive response. Dewey responded with an extemporaneous criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Mundt-Nixon_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundt-Nixon Bill">Mundt-Nixon Bill</a> as a "grievous error," and pointed to the fact that Canada had <a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Canada_Regulations" title="Defence of Canada Regulations">banned communism</a> but still hosted an international espionage ring in the Russian embassy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his concluding remarks, Dewey delivered the most famous lines of the night:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"I am unalterably, wholeheartedly, and unswervingly against any scheme to write laws outlawing people because of their religion, political, social, or economic ideas. I am against it because it is a violation of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights, and clearly so. I am against it because it is immoral and nothing but totalitarianism itself. I am against it because I know from a great many years experience in the enforcement of the law that the proposal wouldn't work, and instead would rapidly advance the cause of Communism in the United States and all over the world. ... Stripped to its naked essentials, this is nothing but the method of Hitler and Stalin. It is thought control, borrowed from the Japanese war leadership. It is an attempt to beat down ideas with a club. It is a surrender of everything we believe in."</p></blockquote> <p>Dewey won the primary by just under 10,000 votes;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982494_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982494-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stassen no longer had a direct path to the nomination and had failed at establishing himself as the clear popular favorite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Stassen had entered the primaries as the presumable heir to Wendell Willkie as the leader of liberal Republicans, the debate over communism had flipped his and Dewey's positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982494_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982494-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He now entered negotiations with Taft to block Dewey's nomination at the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statewide_contests_by_winner">Statewide contests by winner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Statewide contests by winner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="margin-left:10px; text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Pledged delegates </th> <th>Contest </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur H. Vandenberg</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Joseph_William_Martin_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph William Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin</a> </th> <th>Unpledged/Other </th></tr> <tr> <td>March 9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>2<br />21,000<sup id="cite_ref-topdel_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topdel-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>6<br />28,000</b><sup id="cite_ref-topdel_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topdel-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 6 </td> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><i><b>19<br />39.37%</b></i> </td> <td>- </td> <td><i><br />25.16%</i> </td> <td><i>8<br />33.98%</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">April 13 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois#Republican" title="1948 United States presidential election in Illinois">Results</a>)</span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><i>0.47%</i> </td> <td><i>0.21%</i> </td> <td><i>0.29%</i> </td> <td><i>2.00%</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>96.90%</b><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td><br />0.95% </td> <td><b>?<br />43.54%</b> </td> <td><br />11.62% </td> <td>2<br />34.54% </td> <td><br />3.71% </td> <td><br />5.16% </td> <td><br />0.49% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 20 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td><br />0.16% </td> <td><br />34.79% </td> <td><br />5.52% </td> <td><b><br />41.38%</b> </td> <td><br />8.00% </td> <td><br />5.75% </td> <td><br />0.71% </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">April 27 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>100%</b><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><i><b>31.47%</b></i> </td> <td><i>5.88%</i> </td> <td><i>29.82%</i> </td> <td><i>7.07%</i> </td> <td>3.42% </td> <td>- </td> <td>17.46%<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 4 </td> <td>53 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>9<br />43.21% </td> <td><b>44<br />56.79%</b> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 11 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>83.17%</b> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 21 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>47.56% </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>51.79%</b> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">June 1 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><b>100%</b><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>Italics - Write-In Vote</li></ul> <p>Primaries total popular vote results:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> - 771,295 (26.99%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> - 627,321 (21.96%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> - 464,741 (16.27%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> - 330,799 (11.58%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a> - 324,029 (11.34%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> - 87,839 (3.07%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a> - 72,191 (2.53%)</li> <li>R. W. Hitchcock - 45,463 (1.59%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a> - 45,072 (1.58%)</li> <li>Unpledged delegates - 28,854 (1.01%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur H. Vandenberg</a> - 18,924 (0.66%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> - 5,014 (0.18%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> - 4,907 (0.17%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> - 1,452 (0.05%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_William_Martin_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph William Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin</a> - 974 (0.03%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convention">Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 Republican National Convention</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>. It was the first presidential convention to be shown on <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>. As the convention opened, Dewey was seen as having a large lead in the delegate count. His major opponents – Taft, Stassen, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur H. Vandenberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> – met in Taft's hotel suite to plan a "stop-Dewey" movement. However, a key obstacle soon developed when the three men refused to unite behind a single candidate to oppose Dewey. Instead, all three men simply agreed to try to hold their own delegates in the hopes of preventing Dewey from obtaining a majority. This proved to be futile, as Dewey's efficient campaign team gathered up the delegates they needed to win the nomination. After the second round of balloting, Dewey was only 33 votes short of victory. Taft then called Stassen and urged him to withdraw from the race and endorse him as Dewey's main opponent. When Stassen refused, Taft wrote a concession speech and had it read at the start of the third ballot; Dewey was then nominated by <a href="/wiki/Acclamation" title="Acclamation">acclamation</a>. Dewey then chose popular Governor <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> as his running mate. Following the convention, most political experts in the <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">news media</a> rated the GOP ticket as an almost-certain winner over the Democrats. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <caption>The tally: </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ballot</th> <th>1</th> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <th>NY Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></th> <th>434</th> <th>515 </th></tr> <tr> <th>OH Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a></th> <th>224</th> <th>274 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Frm. MN Governor <a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></th> <th>157</th> <th>149 </th></tr> <tr> <th>MI Senator and President pro tem <a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a></th> <th>62</th> <th>62 </th></tr> <tr> <th>CA Governor <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></th> <th>59</th> <th>57 </th></tr> <tr> <th>House Speaker <a href="/wiki/Joseph_William_Martin_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph William Martin Jr.">Joseph Martin</a></th> <th>18</th> <th>10 </th></tr> <tr> <th>General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></th> <th>11</th> <th>7 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKalb2016" class="citation book cs1">Kalb, Deborah (2016-02-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA397"><i>Guide to U.S. Elections - Google Books</i></a>. CQ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483380353" title="Special:BookSources/9781483380353"><bdi>9781483380353</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+U.S.+Elections+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.isbn=9781483380353&rft.aulast=Kalb&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9CZECwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972382-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972382_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1972">Patterson 1972</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55187&ShowAllMUPoll=Y">"US President - R Primaries (Polling)"</a>. <i>OurCampaigns</i>. 19 Aug 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 Mar</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OurCampaigns&rft.atitle=US+President+-+R+Primaries+%28Polling%29&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D55187%26ShowAllMUPoll%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, p. 486.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982486–487_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, pp. 486–487.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, p. 488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972387-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972387_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1972">Patterson 1972</a>, p. 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1972">Patterson 1972</a>, pp. 404–05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982489-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982489_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, p. 489.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972405–407_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1972">Patterson 1972</a>, pp. 405–407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972397-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972397_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatterson1972">Patterson 1972</a>, p. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982488–491_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, pp. 488–491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, pp. 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982492–93_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, pp. 492–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1982494-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982494_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1982494_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1982">Smith 1982</a>, p. 494.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idaillinois.org/cdm/ref/collection/bb/id/8271"><i>Illinois Blue Book 1947-1948</i></a>. Illinois Secretary of State. p. 747<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois+Blue+Book+1947-1948&rft.pages=747&rft.pub=Illinois+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idaillinois.org%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fbb%2Fid%2F8271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55187">Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1948</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">Favorite sons</a> received the support of Connecticut (<a href="/wiki/Raymond_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Baldwin">Raymond Baldwin</a>), New Jersey (<a href="/wiki/Alfred_Driscoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Driscoll">Alfred Driscoll</a>), Michigan (<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a>), California (<a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>), Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Dwight_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Green">Dwight Green</a>), and Tennessee (<a href="/wiki/Carroll_Reece" class="mw-redirect" title="Carroll Reece">Carroll Reece</a>). Speaker of the House Joseph W. Martin from Massachusetts won the Rhode Island delegation. In the popular vote, Warren won California, <a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a> won Massachusetts, and political unknowns <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a> and R. W. Hitchcock won Illinois and South Dakota, respectively. New Hampshire elected an unpledged slate of delegates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He blundered by repeating that position in Omaha during his February swing through the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatterson1972404–05-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, both Dewey and Stassen were on the ballot, but the vote was merely advisory; the delegates were elected separate from the popular vote.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topdel-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topdel_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topdel_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The listed total vote was that recorded for the top delegate on that candidate's ticket.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">96.9% of the vote went to businessman <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a>, the only candidate on the ballot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">100% of the vote was for <a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">17.46% of the vote was for Governor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">100% of the vote was for R.W. Hitchcock.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2011" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, Michael (2011). <i>The Roots of Modern Conservatism: Dewey, Taft, and the Battle for the Soul of the Republican Party</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+Modern+Conservatism%3A+Dewey%2C+Taft%2C+and+the+Battle+for+the+Soul+of+the+Republican+Party&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirbyDalinRothmann2013" class="citation book cs1">Kirby, Alec; <a href="/wiki/David_G._Dalin" title="David G. Dalin">Dalin, David G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Rothmann" title="John Rothmann">Rothmann, John F.</a> (2013). <i>Harold E. Stassen: The Life and Perennial Candidacy of the Progressive Republican</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+E.+Stassen%3A+The+Life+and+Perennial+Candidacy+of+the+Progressive+Republican&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft.au=Dalin%2C+David+G.&rft.au=Rothmann%2C+John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_T._Patterson_(historian)" title="James T. Patterson (historian)">Patterson, James T.</a> (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrrepublicanbiog00patt_0"><i>Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert A. Taft</i></a></span>. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780395139387" title="Special:BookSources/9780395139387"><bdi>9780395139387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Republican%3A+A+Biography+of+Robert+A.+Taft&rft.pub=Boston%2C+Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780395139387&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmrrepublicanbiog00patt_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietrusza2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pietrusza" title="David Pietrusza">Pietrusza, David</a> (2011). <i>1948: Harry Truman's Improbable Victory and the Year that Changed America</i>. Union Square Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+Harry+Truman%27s+Improbable+Victory+and+the+Year+that+Changed+America&rft.pub=Union+Square+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Pietrusza&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhard1983" class="citation book cs1">Reinhard, David W. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=91954887"><i>The Republican Right Since 1945</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republican+Right+Since+1945&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Reinhard&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D91954887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Norton_Smith" title="Richard Norton Smith">Smith, Richard Norton</a> (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasedeweyhist00smit"><i>Thomas Dewey and His Times</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671417413" title="Special:BookSources/9780671417413"><bdi>9780671417413</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Dewey+and+His+Times&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780671417413&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Richard+Norton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomasedeweyhist00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerle2015" class="citation book cs1">Werle, Steve (2015). <i>Stassen Again</i>. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stassen+Again&rft.place=St.+Paul&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Werle&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Republican+Party+presidential+primaries" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">← 1944</a>) <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">→ 1952</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_1948_presidential_campaign" title="Harry S. Truman 1948 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harley_M._Kilgore" title="Harley M. Kilgore">Harley M. Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Hitchcock" title="Herbert E. Hitchcock">Herbert E. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF9955;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States' Rights Democratic Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat#1948_presidential_election" title="Dixiecrat">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Fielding_L._Wright" title="Fielding L. Wright">Fielding L. Wright</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Watson" title="Claude A. Watson">Claude A. Watson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dale_H._Learn" title="Dale H. Learn">Dale H. Learn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Glen_H._Taylor" title="Glen H. Taylor">Glen H. Taylor</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tucker_P._Smith" title="Tucker P. Smith">Tucker P. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Grace_Carlson" title="Grace Carlson">Grace Carlson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1948 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1947←)_1948_United_States_elections_(→1949)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_United_States_elections" title="Template:1948 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1948_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:1948 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1948_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1948 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1947←)_1948_United_States_elections_(→1949)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_United_States_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 United States elections (page does not exist)">1947←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_elections" title="1948 United States elections">1948 United States elections</a>   (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_United_States_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 United States elections (page does not exist)">→1949</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republican primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">Democratic convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">Republican convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">U.S.<br />Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1948 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Colorado" title="1948 United States Senate election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1948 United States Senate election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="1948 United States Senate election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Iowa" title="1948 United States Senate election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="1948 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" title="1948 United States Senate election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1948 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate special election in Louisiana">Louisiana (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1948 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1948 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan" title="1948 United States Senate election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1948 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="1948 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="1948 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1948 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1948 United States Senate election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate special election in North Carolina">North Carolina (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1948 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1948 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1948 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1948 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="1948 United States Senate election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1948 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="1948 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska Territory">Alaska Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Hawaii_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Hawaii Territory">Hawaii Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Kentucky%27s_2nd_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Kentucky's 2nd congressional district special election">2nd sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Kentucky%27s_9th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Kentucky's 9th congressional district special election">9th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri%27s_10th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Missouri's 10th congressional district special election">10th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Texas%27s_15th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Texas's 15th congressional district special election">15th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Virginia%27s_4th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Virginia's 4th congressional district special election">4th sp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Virginia%27s_6th_congressional_district_special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Virginia's 6th congressional district special election">6th sp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1948 United States gubernatorial elections">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Georgia_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1948 Georgia gubernatorial special election">Georgia (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Minnesota_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Montana_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Montana gubernatorial election">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Nebraska_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_North_Carolina_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Oregon_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1948 Oregon gubernatorial special election">Oregon (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 South Dakota gubernatorial election">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1948 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_state_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1948 state legislature elections in the United States">State<br />legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Iowa_Senate_election" title="1948 Iowa Senate election">Iowa Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Template:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Template talk:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._presidential_primaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. presidential primaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_primaries_and_caucuses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">United States presidential primaries and caucuses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2028 United States presidential election">2028</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National opinion polling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd> <dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#National_polling" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State opinion polling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Statewide_polling" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debates and forums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Democratic Party</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dd>2020 <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">forums</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">2024</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="Republican Party presidential debates">Republican Party</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">2024</a></dd> <dt>Libertarian Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd> <dt>Green Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">2016</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Straw_poll" title="Straw poll">Straw polls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference#Straw_poll" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fair_Straw_Poll" title="Iowa State Fair Straw Poll">Iowa State Fair</a></li> <li>(<i>defunct:</i> <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Straw_Poll_(1979%E2%80%932011)" title="Iowa Straw Poll (1979–2011)">Ames, Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Straw_Poll" title="Texas Straw Poll">Texas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada caucuses">Nevada caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina primary">South Carolina primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">Caucuses</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 Democratic Party presidential primaries"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Republican Party presidential primaries">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Republican Party presidential primaries">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Republican Party presidential primaries">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Republican Party presidential primaries">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Republican Party presidential primaries">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Republican Party presidential primaries">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Republican Party presidential primaries">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Republican Party presidential primaries">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Republican Party presidential primaries">1944</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2028 Republican Party presidential primaries"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Green Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Green Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Green Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Reform Party presidential primaries">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Reform Party presidential primaries">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Reform Party presidential primaries">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Reform Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Reform Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reform_National_Convention" title="2024 Reform National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitution Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Results breakdown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_primary_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of primary votes received">List of candidates by number of primary votes received</a></dd> <dt>Democratic Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd> <dt>Republican Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">2024</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National <br /> conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Republican_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1864 Republican National Convention">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" title="1876 Republican National Convention">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention" title="1880 Republican National Convention">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention" title="1884 Republican National Convention">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Republican_National_Convention" title="1888 Republican National Convention">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention" title="1892 Republican National Convention">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Republican_National_Convention" title="1896 Republican National Convention">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention" title="1932 Republican National Convention">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_National_Convention" title="1936 Republican National Convention">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention" title="1940 Republican National Convention">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_National_Convention" title="1944 Republican National Convention">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention" title="1964 Republican National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Republican_National_Convention" title="2028 Republican National Convention">2028</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention" title="Libertarian National Convention">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1983 Libertarian National Convention">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1987 Libertarian National Convention">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2004 Libertarian National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2010 Libertarian National Convention">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2014 Libertarian National Convention">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_National_Convention" title="Green National Convention">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Green_National_Convention" title="2004 Green National Convention">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_National_Convention" title="2012 Green National Convention">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_National_Convention" title="2024 Green National Convention">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Whig_National_Conventions" title="List of Whig National Conventions">Whig Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1839_Whig_National_Convention" title="1839 Whig National Convention">1839</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party#Conventions" title="Greenback Party">Greenback Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1876_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1876 Greenback National Convention">1876</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1880_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1880 Greenback National Convention">1880</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1884_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1884 Greenback National Convention">1884</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_Greenback_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 Greenback National Convention (page does not exist)">1888</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">Populist Party</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#1892_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1892</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#Presidential_election_of_1896" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1896</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States)#Collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist Party (United States)">1900 • 1904 • 1908</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Progressive Party</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1912_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1912 Progressive National Convention">1912</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1916_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1916 Progressive National Convention">1916</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Progressive_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Progressive National Convention (page does not exist)">1920</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1924_Progressive_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1924 Progressive National Convention">1924</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1948_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1948 Progressive National Convention">1948</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_Progressive_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 Progressive National Convention (page does not exist)">1952</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party_v._Jones" title="California Democratic Party v. Jones">California Democratic Party v. Jones</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduated_Random_Presidential_Primary_System" title="Graduated Random Presidential Primary System">Graduated Random Presidential Primary System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Plan" title="Delaware Plan">Delaware Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_Regional_Primary_System" title="Rotating Regional Primary System">Rotating Regional Primary System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregional_Primary_Plan" title="Interregional Primary Plan">Interregional Primary Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Primary" class="mw-redirect" title="National Primary">National Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_primary" title="White primary">White primary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a> (1945–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force#Commander_and_senior_staff" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (1943–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military<br />career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European Theater of Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1957 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="February 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1954 State of the Union Address">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1955 State of the Union Address">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1956 State of the Union Address">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1957 State of the Union Address">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1958 State of the Union Address">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1959 State of the Union Address">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1960 State of the Union Address">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 12, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell address</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Executive_Orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1953; <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chance_for_Peace_speech" title="Chance for Peace speech">"Chance for Peace" speech</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%931962)" title="Cold War (1953–1962)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War#Crisis_and_escalation_(1953–62)" title="Cold War">Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">1955 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Data" title="Restricted Data">Restricted Data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURATOM_Cooperation_Act_of_1958" title="EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958">EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10479" title="Executive Order 10479">Executive Order 10479</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Continental_Shelf" title="Outer Continental Shelf">Outer Continental Shelf Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Relief_Act" title="Refugee Relief Act">Refugee Relief Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Milk_Program" title="Special Milk Program">Special Milk Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Tax_Reduction_Act_of_1954" title="Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954">Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Watershed_Program" title="Small Watershed Program">Small Watershed Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act of 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Act" title="Soil Bank Act">Soil Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Program" title="Soil Bank Program">Soil Bank Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Voting_Assistance_Program" title="Federal Voting Assistance Program">Federal Voting Assistance Program</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holding_Company_Act" title="Bank Holding Company Act">Bank Holding Company Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_to_People_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="People to People Student Ambassador Program">People to People Student Ambassador Program</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Fitness,_Sports_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition">President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights" title="United States Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine intervention</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%E2%80%93Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" title="Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Act" title="Humane Slaughter Act">Humane Slaughter Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii Admission Act</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-Use_Sustained-Yield_Act_of_1960" title="Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960">Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikes_Act" title="Sikes Act">Sikes Act</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1948)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft Eisenhower movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republican Party presidential primaries (1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">United States Presidential election (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Home" title="Eisenhower Home">Boyhood home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower National Historic Site">Eisenhower National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_National_Airport" title="Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport">Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Fellowships" title="Eisenhower Fellowships">Eisenhower Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar">Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Army_Medical_Center" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center">Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Trophy" title="Eisenhower Trophy">Eisenhower Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Golf_Club" title="Eisenhower Golf Club">Eisenhower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Eisenhower_Theater" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Eisenhower Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)">Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eisenhower" title="Mount Eisenhower">Mount Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named for Dwight D. Eisenhower">Places named for Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Tributes_and_memorials" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Other tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket" title="Eisenhower jacket">Eisenhower jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tree" title="Eisenhower Tree">Eisenhower Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe#TV_series" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1949 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_(miniseries)" title="Ike (miniseries)"><i>Ike</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike:_Countdown_to_D-Day" title="Ike: Countdown to D-Day"><i>Ike: Countdown to D-Day</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_(play)" title="Pressure (play)"><i>Pressure</i> (2014 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower"> Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenhower" title="David Eisenhower">David Eisenhower</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jean_Eisenhower" title="Mary Jean Eisenhower">Mary Jean Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower" title="Ida Stover Eisenhower">Ida Stover Eisenhower</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Eisenhower">Arthur Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_N._Eisenhower" title="Edgar N. Eisenhower">Edgar N. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Eisenhower">Roy Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Eisenhower" title="Earl D. Eisenhower">Earl D. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower" title="Milton S. Eisenhower">Milton S. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_baseball_controversy" title="Eisenhower baseball controversy">Eisenhower baseball controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_I_don%27t_care_what_it_is" title="And I don't care what it is">And I don't care what it is</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Slovik" title="Eddie Slovik">Eddie Slovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">← Harry S. Truman</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFB6B6;;background:#E81B23; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Republican Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Republican Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republican Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Republican Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFB6B6;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets">Presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">national<br />conventions</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Republican Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">1868 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">1872 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention" title="1876 Republican National Convention">1876 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_A._Wheeler" title="William A. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention" title="1880 Republican National Convention">1880 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention" title="1884 Republican National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Republican_National_Convention" title="1888 Republican National Convention">1888 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention" title="1892 Republican National Convention">1892 (Minneapolis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Harrison</a>/<a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Republican_National_Convention" title="1896 Republican National Convention">1896 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">Sherman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention" title="1920 Republican National Convention">1920 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention" title="1924 Republican National Convention">1924 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention" title="1928 Republican National Convention">1928 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention" title="1932 Republican National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_National_Convention" title="1936 Republican National Convention">1936 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Landon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Knox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention" title="1940 Republican National Convention">1940 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Willkie</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">McNary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_National_Convention" title="1944 Republican National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Dewey</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Dewey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Warren</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">1960 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention" title="1964 Republican National Convention">1964 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">Miller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980 (Detroit)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention" title="1984 Republican National Convention">1984 (Dallas)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">1988 (New Orleans)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">1996 (San Diego)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Kemp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">2000 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">2008 (St. Paul)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">2012 (Tampa)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">2016 (Cleveland)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020 (Charlotte/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">2024 (Milwaukee)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a>/<a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Republican_National_Convention" title="2028 Republican National Convention">2028 (Houston)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidency of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a> (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">Johnson</a> (1865–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a> (1869–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur" title="Presidency of Chester A. Arthur">Arthur</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Presidency of Benjamin Harrison">Harrison</a> (1889–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley" title="Presidency of William McKinley">McKinley</a> (1897–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> (1901–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidency of William Howard Taft">Taft</a> (1909–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidency of Warren G. Harding">Harding</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover" title="Presidency of Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">Ford</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> (1981–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li>Trump (<a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">2017–2021</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Conference<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Pennington" title="William Pennington">Pennington</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Grow</a> (1861–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a> (1863–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> (1869–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._McCrary" title="George W. McCrary">McCrary</a> (1875–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">Hale</a> (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Warren_Keifer" title="J. Warren Keifer">Keifer</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Henderson_(politician)" title="Thomas J. Henderson (politician)">T. J. Henderson</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1895–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">D. B. Henderson</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1903–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">Mann</a> (1911–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Snell" title="Bertrand Snell">Snell</a> (1931–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1939–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a> (1959–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a> (1965–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rhodes" title="John Jacob Rhodes">Rhodes</a> (1973–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Michel</a> (1981–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a> (1995–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Hastert</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a> (2019–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">RNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Lawrence_Ward" title="Marcus Lawrence Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Jewell" title="Marshall Jewell">Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_M._Sabin" title="Dwight M. Sabin">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Jones_(industrialist)" title="Benjamin Franklin Jones (industrialist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Clarkson" title="James S. Clarkson">Clarkson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Campbell" title="William James Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Carter" title="Thomas H. Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hanna" title="Mark Hanna">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Payne" title="Henry Clay Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. New">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harris_Hitchcock" title="Frank Harris Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fremont_Hill" title="John Fremont Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Rosewater" title="Victor Rosewater">Rosewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Hilles" title="Charles D. Hilles">Hilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Willcox" title="William Russell Willcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Adams" title="John T. Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_H._Huston" title="Claudius H. Huston">Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_D._Fess" title="Simeon D. Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Sanders" title="Everett Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_(Kansas_politician)" title="John Hamilton (Kansas politician)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Walsh" title="Bailey Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_E._Spangler" title="Harrison E. Spangler">Spangler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brownell_Jr." title="Herbert Brownell Jr.">Brownell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Carroll_Reece" title="B. Carroll Reece">Reece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gabrielson" title="Guy Gabrielson">Gabrielson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield" title="Arthur Summerfield">Summerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Wesley_Roberts" title="C. Wesley Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_W._Hall" title="Leonard W. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meade_Alcorn" title="Meade Alcorn">Alcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thruston_Ballard_Morton" title="Thruston Ballard Morton">T. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Burch" title="Dean Burch">Burch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_C._Bliss" title="Ray C. Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">R. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(politician)" title="Mary Louise Smith (politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Richards_(Utah_politician)" title="Richard Richards (Utah politician)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Laxalt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf" title="Frank Fahrenkopf">Fahrenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf" title="Frank Fahrenkopf">Fahrenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Yeutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bond_(political_executive)" title="Richard Bond (political executive)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haley_Barbour" title="Haley Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs)" title="Jim Nicholson (Secretary of Veterans Affairs)">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Racicot" title="Marc Racicot">Racicot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Gillespie" title="Ed Gillespie">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Mehlman" title="Ken Mehlman">Mehlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Mel Martínez">Martínez</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mike_Duncan" title="Mike Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Duncan" title="Mike Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Steele" title="Michael Steele">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Priebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel" title="Ronna McDaniel">McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whatley" title="Michael Whatley">Whatley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Chair elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2009 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2011 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2013 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2015 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 Republican National Committee chairmanship election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Republican National Committee chairmanship election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2023 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Republican National Committee chairmanship election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Republican Party (United States)">Parties</a> by<br />state and<br />territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Republican_Party" title="Alabama Republican Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Republican_Party" title="Alaska Republican Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Republican_Party" title="Arizona Republican Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Republican Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Republican_Party" title="Colorado Republican Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Republican_Party" title="Connecticut Republican Party">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Delaware" title="Republican State Committee of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Florida" title="Republican Party of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Republican_Party" title="Georgia Republican Party">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Republican_Party" title="Hawaii Republican Party">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Republican_Party" title="Idaho Republican Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Republican_Party" title="Illinois Republican Party">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Republican_Party" title="Indiana Republican Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Iowa" title="Republican Party of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Republican_Party" title="Kansas Republican Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Kentucky" title="Republican Party of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Louisiana" title="Republican Party of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Republican_Party" title="Maine Republican Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Republican_Party" title="Massachusetts Republican Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party" title="Michigan Republican Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota" title="Republican Party of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Republican_Party" title="Mississippi Republican Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Republican_Party" title="Missouri Republican Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Republican_Party" title="Montana Republican Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Republican_Party" title="Nebraska Republican Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Republican_Party" title="Nevada Republican Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_State_Committee" title="New Hampshire Republican State Committee">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Republican_Party" title="New Jersey Republican Party">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Republican Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Republican_State_Committee" title="New York Republican State Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Republican_Party" title="North Carolina Republican Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="North Dakota Republican Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Republican_Party" title="Ohio Republican Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Republican_Party" title="Oklahoma Republican Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Republican_Party" title="Oregon Republican Party">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Republican_Party" title="Pennsylvania Republican Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Republican_Party" title="Rhode Island Republican Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Republican_Party" title="South Carolina Republican Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Republican_Party" title="South Dakota Republican Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Republican_Party" title="Tennessee Republican Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas" title="Republican Party of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Republican_Party" title="Utah Republican Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party" title="Vermont Republican Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Virginia" title="Republican Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Republican_Party" title="Washington State Republican Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Republican_Party" title="West Virginia Republican Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Republican Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Republican_Party" title="Wyoming Republican Party">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_American_Samoa" title="Republican Party of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Republican_Party" title="District of Columbia Republican Party">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Guam" title="Republican Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" title="Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Republican Party of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Republican Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Republican Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated <br /> organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">House Conference</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Digest" title="Legislative Digest">Legislative Digest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steering_and_Policy_Committees_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Steering and Policy Committees of the United States House of Representatives">Steering and Policy Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Senate Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Republican Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Governance_Group" title="Republican Governance Group">Republican Governance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">Republican Study Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Fundraising<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Congressional_Committee" title="National Republican Congressional Committee">National Republican Congressional Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Redistricting_Trust" title="National Republican Redistricting Trust">National Republican Redistricting Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Senatorial_Committee" title="National Republican Senatorial Committee">National Republican Senatorial Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Republican Attorneys General Association">Republican Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Governors_Association" title="Republican Governors Association">Republican Governors Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Sectional<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Republicans" title="College Republicans">College Republicans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairpersons_of_the_College_Republicans" title="List of chairpersons of the College Republicans">Chairmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">Log Cabin Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Jewish_Coalition" title="Republican Jewish Coalition">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Hispanic_Assembly" title="Republican National Hispanic Assembly">Republican National Hispanic Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_Abroad" title="Republicans Abroad">Republicans Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Age_Republicans" title="Teen Age Republicans">Teen Age Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">Young Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_Overseas" title="Republicans Overseas">Republicans Overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Republican_National_Federation" title="High School Republican National Federation">High School Republican National Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Factional<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Majority_for_Choice" title="Republican Majority for Choice">Republican Majority for Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Liberty_Caucus" title="Republican Liberty Caucus">Republican Liberty Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Coalition_for_Life" title="Republican National Coalition for Life">Republican National Coalition for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Caucus" title="Liberty Caucus">Liberty Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wish_List_(political_organization)" title="The Wish List (political organization)">The Wish List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFB6B6;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_history_of_the_Republican_Party" title="Bibliography of the history of the Republican Party">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Timeline of modern American conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&oldid=1260629171">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&oldid=1260629171</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_United_States_Republican_presidential_primaries" title="Category:1948 United States Republican presidential primaries">1948 United States Republican presidential primaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Category:Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Douglas_MacArthur" title="Category:Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harry_S._Truman" title="Category:Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2011" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2011">Articles needing additional references from September 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_May_2017" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from May 2017">Articles that may contain original research from May 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 December 2024, at 20:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-cqg5z","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.158","walltime":"1.463","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9576,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":359482,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":25667,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":106480,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1064.119 1 -total"," 25.69% 273.331 9 Template:Navbox"," 16.49% 175.460 1 Template:United_States_presidential_election,_1948"," 14.15% 150.625 1 Template:Infobox_election"," 14.00% 149.029 45 Template:Sfn"," 11.94% 127.003 9 Template:Cite_book"," 11.59% 123.368 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.08% 107.278 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 8.97% 95.455 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.05% 75.056 8 Template:Box-shadow_border"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.554","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11564536,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBowen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalb2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirbyDalinRothmann2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatterson1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPietrusza2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhard1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerle2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"1948 United States elections\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Republican Party (United States) Presidential Primaries, 1948\"] = 1,\n [\"Dwight D. Eisenhower\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 9,\n [\"Flag\"] = 12,\n [\"Graph:Chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Image frame\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox election\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend0\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research\"] = 1,\n [\"Party shading/Republican\"] = 17,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Republican Party (United States)\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 45,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"U.S. presidential primaries\"] = 1,\n [\"United States presidential election, 1948\"] = 1,\n [\"Vert header\"] = 7,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-577d74cfd9-vhfdt","timestamp":"20241217183336","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1948 Republican Party presidential primaries","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7314674","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7314674","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-02-07T04:25:53Z","dateModified":"2024-12-01T20:31:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Thomas_Dewey.jpg","headline":"Selection of the Republican Party nominee for President of the United States in 1948"}</script> </body> </html>