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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Freedom of the press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Peace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiese_Golfstate" title="Persiese Golfstate – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Persiese Golfstate" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="الدول العربية في الخليج العربي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدول العربية في الخليج العربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars_k%C3%B6rf%C9%99zinin_%C9%99r%C9%99b_%C3%B6lk%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Fars körfəzinin ərəb ölkələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fars körfəzinin ərəb ölkələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="পারস্য উপসাগরের আরব দেশসমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারস্য উপসাগরের আরব দেশসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladwriaethau_Arabaidd_Gwlff_Persia" title="Gwladwriaethau Arabaidd Gwlff Persia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwladwriaethau Arabaidd Gwlff Persia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfstaterne" title="Golfstaterne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Golfstaterne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αραβικά κράτη του Περσικού Κόλπου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραβικά κράτη του Περσικού Κόλπου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADas_del_Golfo" title="Monarquías del Golfo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monarquías del Golfo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiar_golkoko_arabiar_estatuak" title="Persiar golkoko arabiar estatuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Persiar golkoko arabiar estatuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="کشورهای عربی خلیج فارس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشورهای عربی خلیج فارس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats_arabes_du_Golfe" title="États arabes du Golfe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="États arabes du Golfe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabyske_Golfsteaten" title="Arabyske Golfsteaten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Arabyske Golfsteaten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapske_zemlje_Perzijskog_zaljeva" title="Arapske zemlje Perzijskog zaljeva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arapske zemlje Perzijskog zaljeva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara-negara_Arab_di_Teluk_Persia" title="Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_arabi_del_Golfo_Persico" title="Stati arabi del Golfo Persico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati arabi del Golfo Persico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persijas_l%C4%AB%C4%8Da_valstis" title="Persijas līča valstis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Persijas līča valstis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഗൾഫ് രാജ്യങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗൾഫ് രാജ്യങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="منطقة الخلیج الفارسیه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منطقة الخلیج الفارسیه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="خلیج عربی کشورون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خلیج عربی کشورون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara-negara_Arab_di_Teluk_Parsi" title="Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Parsi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara-negara Arab di Teluk Parsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပါရှန်ပင်လယ်ကွေ့ရှိ အာရပ်ပြည်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါရှန်ပင်လယ်ကွေ့ရှိ အာရပ်ပြည်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfstaten" title="Golfstaten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golfstaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_arabiske_gulfstater" title="De arabiske gulfstater – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De arabiske gulfstater" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="خلیجی دیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیجی دیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquias_do_Golfo" title="Monarquias do Golfo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monarquias do Golfo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statele_Golfului_Persic" title="Statele Golfului Persic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statele Golfului Persic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арабские государства Персидского залива – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арабские государства Персидского залива" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арапске земље Персијског залива – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арапске земље Персијског залива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapske_zemlje_Perzijskog_zaljeva" title="Arapske zemlje Perzijskog zaljeva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arapske zemlje Perzijskog zaljeva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வளைகுடா நாடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளைகுடா நாடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rfez_%C3%BClkeleri" title="Körfez ülkeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Körfez ülkeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Арабські держави Перської затоки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арабські держави Перської затоки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="خلیجی ممالک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیجی ممالک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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For the political union colloquially known as Arab Gulf States, see <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Talk:Arab states of the Persian Gulf">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab_Gulf_States_english.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arab_Gulf_States_english.png/350px-Arab_Gulf_States_english.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arab_Gulf_States_english.png/525px-Arab_Gulf_States_english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Arab_Gulf_States_english.png/700px-Arab_Gulf_States_english.png 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> The seven Arab states of the Persian Gulf</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Arab states of the Persian Gulf</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دول الخليج الفارسي</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to a group of <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League" title="Member states of the Arab League">Arab states</a> bordering the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. There are seven member states of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> in the region: <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> is bound to the six countries of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Arabia">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_culture" title="Arab culture">culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> region. The prominent regional political union <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern history, various former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residency" title="Persian Gulf Residency">protectorates</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> were Arab states along the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian gulf</a> states are <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a> with elected parliaments. <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Majlis al Watani</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kuwait)" title="National Assembly (Kuwait)">Majlis al Ummah</a></i>) have legislatures with members elected by the population.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Oman">Sultanate of Oman</a> also has an advisory council (<i><a href="/wiki/Majlis_ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis ash-Shura">Majlis ash-Shura</a></i>) that is popularly elected.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, a federation of seven monarchical emirates, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_National_Council_(United_Arab_Emirates)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal National Council (United Arab Emirates)">Federal National Council</a>, functions only as an advisory body, but some of its members are now chosen via a limited <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> nominated by the seven rulers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> remains a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarchy</a> with limited political representation. In <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, an elected national parliament has been mooted and is written into the new constitution, but elections are yet to be held.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saudi Arabia and Qatar are the two Arab states and <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchies</a> to have never held elections since their respective establishments as nations in 1932 and 1971 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerhard_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerhard-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraq is the only <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> situated in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_press">Freedom of the press</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Freedom of the press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a> in the seven Arab <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian gulf</a> states have <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">varying degrees of freedom</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> topping the league with a lively press that enjoys considerably more freedom than its gulf counterparts according to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both organizations rank Kuwait's press as the freest of all Arab states of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. Kuwait ranks amongst the top three for free press in the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks of the Arab <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian gulf</a> states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peace">Peace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seven Arab gulf states lie in a volatile region and their seven governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region—specifically Qatar—stand accused of funding <a href="/wiki/Militant" title="Militant">militant</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist organizations</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Economics_and_Peace" title="Institute for Economics and Peace">Institute for Economics and Peace</a> (IEP)'s <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a> of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide), while Kuwait ranks second both in the Persian Gulf and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> regions (and 51 worldwide), followed by the UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of these Arab states have significant revenues from <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">petroleum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> has been successfully <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of UAE">diversifying its economy</a>. 79% of UAE's <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">total GDP</a> comes from non-oil sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the <a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-EDB_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's capital, <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>, is home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> (ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> as <a href="/wiki/High_income_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="High income economies">high income economies</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, most of these Arab states have been the world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The persistent instability in the Middle East, particularly the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Israel, poses a considerable threat to the Gulf Cooperation Council states' economic ambitions. Regional stability is paramount for these nations to achieve their goals, as it directly impacts the investment climate and their capacity to engage in global trade and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gulf states' economic and political strategies are thus characterized by a dual focus on internal diversification and external stabilization. By investing in new economic sectors and pursuing diplomatic avenues for conflict resolution, these states aim to secure their futures in a post-oil era while navigating the complex dynamics of Middle Eastern politics. This strategic approach underscores the intricate link between regional stability and economic prosperity in the Gulf, highlighting the importance of continued efforts towards peace and cooperation in the Middle East. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_diplomatic_conflict" title="Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict">Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Collapse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">partition of the Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Iran–Turkey border">Iran–Turkey border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Iraq–Turkey border">Iraq–Turkey border</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Arabic" title="Gulf Arabic">Gulf Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Arabic">Iranian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Arabia">History of Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen" title="Ancient history of Yemen">Ancient history of Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">Pre-Islamic Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Tribes of Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamia" title="History of Mesopotamia">History of Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf">Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiad1986" class="citation journal cs1">Riad, Mohamed (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41143719">"Geopolitics and Politics in the Arab Gulf States (GCC)"</a>. <i>GeoJournal</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 201–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00704811">10.1007/BF00704811</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0343-2521">0343-2521</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41143719">41143719</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.atitle=Geopolitics+and+Politics+in+the+Arab+Gulf+States+%28GCC%29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=201-210&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0343-2521&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41143719%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00704811&rft.aulast=Riad&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41143719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Ann_TétreaultGwenn_OkruhlikAndrzej_Kapiszewski2011" class="citation book cs1">Mary Ann Tétreault; Gwenn Okruhlik; Andrzej Kapiszewski (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rienner.com/title/Political_Change_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States_Stuck_in_Transition"><i>Political Change in the Arab Gulf States: Stuck in Transition</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222091050/https://www.rienner.com/title/Political_Change_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States_Stuck_in_Transition">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-25</span></span>. <q>The authors first focus on the politics of seven Gulf states: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Change+in+the+Arab+Gulf+States%3A+Stuck+in+Transition&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Mary+Ann+T%C3%A9treault&rft.au=Gwenn+Okruhlik&rft.au=Andrzej+Kapiszewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rienner.com%2Ftitle%2FPolitical_Change_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States_Stuck_in_Transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIJBiLdNJm4C&pg=PP55"><i>World Migration 2005 Costs and Benefits of International Migration</i></a>. International Organization for Migration. 2005. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171885503" title="Special:BookSources/9788171885503"><bdi>9788171885503</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425143258/https://books.google.com/books?id=xIJBiLdNJm4C&pg=PP55">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Migration+2005+Costs+and+Benefits+of+International+Migration&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Migration&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788171885503&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIJBiLdNJm4C%26pg%3DPP55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/05/world/us-official-to-tour-persian-gulf-arab-lands.html">"U.S. Official to Tour Persian Gulf Arab Lands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213233503/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/05/world/us-official-to-tour-persian-gulf-arab-lands.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-05</span></span>. <q>A leading American diplomat will start a trip to Iraq and six other Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region this week to discuss the Iran-Iraq war, Administration officials said today.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Official+to+Tour+Persian+Gulf+Arab+Lands&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F05%2F05%2Fworld%2Fus-official-to-tour-persian-gulf-arab-lands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/62405">"A History of Missed Opportunities: Yemen and the GCC"</a>. <i>Carnegie Middle East Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012130309/http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/62405">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Middle+East+Center&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Missed+Opportunities%3A+Yemen+and+the+GCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegie-mec.org%2Fdiwan%2F62405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertog2014" class="citation book cs1">Hertog, Steffen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diana-n.iue.it:8080/handle/1814/32156"><i>Arab Gulf States : an assessment of nationalisation policies</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018043245/http://diana-n.iue.it:8080/handle/1814/32156">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Gulf+States+%3A+an+assessment+of+nationalisation+policies&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Hertog&rft.aufirst=Steffen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiana-n.iue.it%3A8080%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F32156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2009" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, J. E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/317557/summary"><i>Life after Oil: Economic Alternatives for the Arab Gulf States</i></a>. Duke University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+after+Oil%3A+Economic+Alternatives+for+the+Arab+Gulf+States&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F317557%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/trade/agricultural-international-trade/bilateral-agreements/middle-east-gulf-countries_en">"Gulf countries"</a>. <i>European Commission</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121225808/https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/trade/agricultural-international-trade/bilateral-agreements/middle-east-gulf-countries_en">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>The Gulf Cooperation Council countries – Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates – are important markets for EU agricultural exports.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=Gulf+countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Finfo%2Ffood-farming-fisheries%2Ftrade%2Fagricultural-international-trade%2Fbilateral-agreements%2Fmiddle-east-gulf-countries_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnley2009" class="citation journal cs1">Onley, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=501005104009101082103019014125100095100069023042044044077006005127071083101092012100124100057006057063050084123003081087017086033035092028083007004079000087124027119022054020004078088127099021114079080112094022078025030067102094013029114122101013066031&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE">"Britain and the Gulf Shaikhdoms, 1820–1971: The Politics of Protection"</a>. <i>CIRS Occasional Papers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIRS+Occasional+Papers&rft.atitle=Britain+and+the+Gulf+Shaikhdoms%2C+1820%E2%80%931971%3A+The+Politics+of+Protection&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Onley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fposeidon01.ssrn.com%2Fdelivery.php%3FID%3D501005104009101082103019014125100095100069023042044044077006005127071083101092012100124100057006057063050084123003081087017086033035092028083007004079000087124027119022054020004078088127099021114079080112094022078025030067102094013029114122101013066031%26EXT%3Dpdf%26INDEX%3DTRUE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1964" class="citation journal cs1">Watt, D. C. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393560">"Britain and the Future of the Persian Gulf States"</a>. <i>The World Today</i>. <b>20</b> (11). Royal Institute of International Affairs: 488–496. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393560">40393560</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331112853/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393560">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Britain+and+the+Future+of+the+Persian+Gulf+States&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=488-496&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40393560%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40393560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbaharna1969" class="citation journal cs1">Albaharna, Husain (April 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/abs/legal-status-of-the-arabian-gulf-states-a-study-of-their-treaty-relations-and-their-international-problems-by-husain-m-albaharna-manchester-manchester-university-press-usa-oceana-publications-inc1968-xv-and-351-pp-60s/B9D652FF80419CD459C0FD7FB4E937B2">"The Legal Status of the Arabian Gulf States. A Study of their Treaty Relations and their International Problems"</a>. <i>International & Comparative Law Quarterly</i>. <b>18</b> (2). Manchester University Press: 518–519. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121225919/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/abs/legal-status-of-the-arabian-gulf-states-a-study-of-their-treaty-relations-and-their-international-problems-by-husain-m-albaharna-manchester-manchester-university-press-usa-oceana-publications-inc1968-xv-and-351-pp-60s/B9D652FF80419CD459C0FD7FB4E937B2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+%26+Comparative+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Legal+Status+of+the+Arabian+Gulf+States.+A+Study+of+their+Treaty+Relations+and+their+International+Problems&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=518-519&rft.date=1969-04&rft.aulast=Albaharna&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Finternational-and-comparative-law-quarterly%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Flegal-status-of-the-arabian-gulf-states-a-study-of-their-treaty-relations-and-their-international-problems-by-husain-m-albaharna-manchester-manchester-university-press-usa-oceana-publications-inc1968-xv-and-351-pp-60s%2FB9D652FF80419CD459C0FD7FB4E937B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBey1996" class="citation book cs1">Bey, Frauke (1996). <i>From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates</i>. UK: Longman. pp. 296–297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-27728-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-27728-1"><bdi>978-0-582-27728-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Trucial+States+to+United+Arab+Emirates&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=296-297&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-582-27728-1&rft.aulast=Bey&rft.aufirst=Frauke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balfour-Paul, G., <i>The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in her Last Three Arab Dependencies</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46636-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46636-3">978-0-521-46636-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnwell2011" class="citation web cs1">Barnwell, Kristi Nichole (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3717">"From trucial states to nation state : decolonization and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, 1952–1971"</a>. The University of Texas at Austin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121225841/https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3717">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>For the rulers of the Arab emirates of the Persian Gulf, Wilson's announcement signaled an end of British military protection, and the beginning of a process of negotiations that culminated in the establishment of the United Arab Emirates on December 3, 1971. An examination of the process by which the individual Persian Gulf states became a sovereign federation presents an opportunity to examine the roles of nationalism and anti-imperialism played in the establishment of the Union.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+trucial+states+to+nation+state+%3A+decolonization+and+the+formation+of+the+United+Arab+Emirates%2C+1952%E2%80%931971&rft.pub=The+University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Barnwell&rft.aufirst=Kristi+Nichole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositories.lib.utexas.edu%2Fhandle%2F2152%2FETD-UT-2011-08-3717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamondPlattner2014" class="citation book cs1">Diamond, Larry; Plattner, Marc F. (2014-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AF5iAwAAQBAJ"><i>Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Arab World</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781421414171" title="Special:BookSources/9781421414171"><bdi>9781421414171</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425143229/https://books.google.com/books?id=AF5iAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratization+and+Authoritarianism+in+the+Arab+World&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.isbn=9781421414171&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Plattner%2C+Marc+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAF5iAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerd Nonneman, "Political Reform in the Gulf Monarchies: From Liberalisation to Democratisation? A Comparative Perspective", in Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Steven Wright (eds.)(2007), <i>Reform in the Middle East Oil Monarchies</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-323-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-323-0">978-0-86372-323-0</a>, pp. 3–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerhard-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gerhard_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbers2007" class="citation book cs1">Robbers, Gerhard (2007). <i>Encyclopedia of world constitutions, Volume 1</i>. p. 791. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6078-8"><bdi>978-0-8160-6078-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+world+constitutions%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=791&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6078-8&rft.aulast=Robbers&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2016">"Freedom of the Press 2016"</a>. <i>freedomhouse.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+Press+2016&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-press%2Ffreedom-press-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214174449/https://rsf.org/en/ranking">"2016 World Press Freedom Index"</a>. 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June 5, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206124254/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-four-middle-eastern-powers-cut-diplomatic-ties-terror-links-bahrain-egypt-saudi-arabia-uae-a7772836.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Four+huge+Middle+Eastern+powers+just+cut+ties+with+Qatar+over+%27terrorism%27+links&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fqatar-four-middle-eastern-powers-cut-diplomatic-ties-terror-links-bahrain-egypt-saudi-arabia-uae-a7772836.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160615041315/http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/GPI%202016%20Report_2.pdf">"Global Peace Index 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/GPI%202016%20Report_2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+Peace+Index+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofhumanity.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FGPI%25202016%2520Report_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/business/diversification-raises-non-oil-share-of-uaes-gdp-to-71-1.795268">"Diversification raises non-oil share of UAE's GDP to 71%"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>. 18 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913120920/https://gulfnews.com/business/economy/diversification-raises-non-oil-share-of-uae-s-gdp-to-71-1.795268">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&rft.atitle=Diversification+raises+non-oil+share+of+UAE%27s+GDP+to+71%25&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fdiversification-raises-non-oil-share-of-uaes-gdp-to-71-1.795268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jobapplicationline.com/oil-makes-up-2-of-dubai-gdp-post-diversification/">"Oil Makes Up 2% of Dubai GDP Post-Diversification – Gulf Jobs News"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509135710/https://www.jobapplicationline.com/oil-makes-up-2-of-dubai-gdp-post-diversification/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oil+Makes+Up+2%25+of+Dubai+GDP+Post-Diversification+%E2%80%93+Gulf+Jobs+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jobapplicationline.com%2Foil-makes-up-2-of-dubai-gdp-post-diversification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/Peterson_Bahrain_Reforms.pdf">"Bahrain: Reform-Promise and Reality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. J.E. Peterson. p. 157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226224814/http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/Peterson_Bahrain_Reforms.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bahrain%3A+Reform-Promise+and+Reality&rft.pages=157&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jepeterson.net%2Fsitebuildercontent%2Fsitebuilderfiles%2FPeterson_Bahrain_Reforms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDB-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EDB_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228154653/http://www.bahrainedb.com/EDBInBahrain.aspx?id=2134">"Bahrain's economy praised for diversity and sustainability"</a>. Bahrain Economic Development Board. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahrainedb.com/EDBInBahrain.aspx?id=2134">the original</a> on December 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bahrain%27s+economy+praised+for+diversity+and+sustainability&rft.pub=Bahrain+Economic+Development+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahrainedb.com%2FEDBInBahrain.aspx%3Fid%3D2134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/special-report/2013/07/11/the-haves-and-the-have-nots">"The haves and the have-nots"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 11 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826045729/https://www.economist.com/special-report/2013/07/11/the-haves-and-the-have-nots">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+haves+and+the+have-nots&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fspecial-report%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2Fthe-haves-and-the-have-nots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/the-conflict-in-the-middle-east-puts-gulf-states-at-risk-7105/">"The conflict in the Middle East puts Gulf states at risk"</a>. <i>www.ips-journal.eu</i>. 2023-11-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ips-journal.eu&rft.atitle=The+conflict+in+the+Middle+East+puts+Gulf+states+at+risk&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ips-journal.eu%2Ftopics%2Fforeign-and-security-policy%2Fthe-conflict-in-the-middle-east-puts-gulf-states-at-risk-7105%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulla2016" class="citation journal cs1">Abdulla, Gaith (Autumn 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxgaps.org/files/analysis_abdulla.pdf">"Khaleeji Identity in Contemporary Gulf Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Gulf Affairs</i>. Oxford Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies Forum: 2–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+Affairs&rft.atitle=Khaleeji+Identity+in+Contemporary+Gulf+Politics&rft.ssn=fall&rft.pages=2-5&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Abdulla&rft.aufirst=Gaith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxgaps.org%2Ffiles%2Fanalysis_abdulla.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgius2009" class="citation book cs1">Agius, Dionisius (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Seafaring-in-the-Arabian-Gulf-and-Oman-People-of-the-Dhow/Agius/p/book/9780415549868"><i>Seafaring in the Arabian Gulf and Oman: People of the Dhow</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415549868" title="Special:BookSources/9780415549868"><bdi>9780415549868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seafaring+in+the+Arabian+Gulf+and+Oman%3A+People+of+the+Dhow&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780415549868&rft.aulast=Agius&rft.aufirst=Dionisius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FSeafaring-in-the-Arabian-Gulf-and-Oman-People-of-the-Dhow%2FAgius%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415549868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadawi_Al-Rasheed2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Madawi_Al-Rasheed" class="mw-redirect" title="Madawi Al-Rasheed">Madawi Al-Rasheed</a>, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qEus420fcbgC"><i>Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415331357" title="Special:BookSources/9780415331357"><bdi>9780415331357</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Connections+and+the+Arab+Gulf&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780415331357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqEus420fcbgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-SharekhFreer2021" class="citation book cs1">Al-Sharekh, Alanoud; Freer, Courtney (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/tribalism-and-political-power-in-the-gulf-9781838606084/"><i>Tribalism and Political Power in the Gulf</i></a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838606084" title="Special:BookSources/9781838606084"><bdi>9781838606084</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tribalism+and+Political+Power+in+the+Gulf&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781838606084&rft.aulast=Al-Sharekh&rft.aufirst=Alanoud&rft.au=Freer%2C+Courtney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fuk%2Ftribalism-and-political-power-in-the-gulf-9781838606084%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottrell1980" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, Alvin, ed. (1980). <i>The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey</i>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801822049" title="Special:BookSources/9780801822049"><bdi>9780801822049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+States%3A+A+General+Survey&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780801822049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArab+states+of+the+Persian+Gulf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Persian_Gulf_region" title="Template:Persian Gulf region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Persian_Gulf_region" title="Template talk:Persian Gulf region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Persian_Gulf_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Persian Gulf region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Persian_Gulf_region_(Iran_and_Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> region (<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_naming_dispute" title="Persian Gulf naming dispute">Persian Gulf naming dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian-Persian_Gulf_Coastal_Plain_Desert" title="Arabian-Persian Gulf Coastal Plain Desert">Arabian-Persian Gulf Coastal Plain Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahmanshir" title="Bahmanshir">Bahmanshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Strait_(Iran)" title="Clarence Strait (Iran)">Clarence Strait (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dez_River" title="Dez River">Dez River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyala_River" title="Diyala River">Diyala River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bahrain" title="Gulf of Bahrain">Gulf of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman_desert_and_semi-desert" title="Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert">Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Salwah" title="Gulf of Salwah">Gulf of Salwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khersan_River" title="Khersan River">Khersan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haffar" title="Haffar">Haffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian plate">Iranian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran_Trench" title="Makran Trench">Makran Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Basin" title="Persian Gulf Basin">Persian Gulf Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persis" title="Persis">Persis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadegan_Ponds" title="Shadegan Ponds">Shadegan Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab" title="Shatt al-Arab">Shatt al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Iran_Nubo%E2%80%93Sindian_desert_and_semi-desert" title="South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert">South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_river_system" title="Tigris–Euphrates river system">Tigris–Euphrates river system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_fold_and_thrust_belt" title="Zagros fold and thrust belt">Zagros fold and thrust belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D_92_road_(United_Arab_Emirates)" title="D 92 road (United Arab Emirates)">Al Khaleej Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi_Gas_Field" title="Ferdowsi Gas Field">Ferdowsi Gas Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Fort Nossa Senhora da Conceição">Fort Nossa Senhora da Conceição</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harireh" title="Harireh">Harireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove_forests_of_Qeshm" title="Mangrove forests of Qeshm">Mangrove forests of Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Airport" title="Persian Gulf Airport">Persian Gulf Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Bridge" title="Persian Gulf Bridge">Persian Gulf Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Complex" title="Persian Gulf Complex">Persian Gulf Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeway_7_(Iran)" title="Freeway 7 (Iran)">Persian Gulf Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residential_Complex" title="Persian Gulf Residential Complex">Persian Gulf Residential Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pars/North_Dome_Gas-Condensate_field" title="South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field">South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">List of islands in the Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Dar_Island" title="Al Dar Island">Al Dar Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amwaj_Islands" title="Amwaj Islands">Amwaj Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Island" title="Bahrain Island">Bahrain Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyar_Al_Muharraq" title="Diyar Al Muharraq">Diyar Al Muharraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawar_Islands" title="Hawar Islands">Hawar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidda_Island" title="Jidda Island">Jidda Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharraq_Island" title="Muharraq Island">Muharraq Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabih_Saleh" title="Nabih Saleh">Nabih Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitra" title="Sitra">Sitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_an_Nasan" title="Umm an Nasan">Umm an Nasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_as_Sabaan" title="Umm as Sabaan">Umm as Sabaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadan_Island" title="Abadan Island">Abadan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa" title="Abu Musa">Abu Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buneh" title="Buneh">Buneh Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Island" title="Dara Island">Dara Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsi_Island" title="Farsi Island">Farsi Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendurabi" title="Hendurabi">Hendurabi Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengam_Island" title="Hengam Island">Hengam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormuz_Island" title="Hormuz Island">Hormuz Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazireh-ye_Shif" title="Jazireh-ye Shif">Jazireh-ye Shif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharg_Island" title="Kharg Island">Kharg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_Island" title="Kish Island">Kish Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larak_Island" title="Larak Island">Larak Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavan_Island" title="Lavan Island">Lavan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minu_Island" title="Minu Island">Minu Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaz_islands" title="Naaz islands">Naaz islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhiloo_Island" title="Nakhiloo Island">Nakhiloo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ommolkorm_Island" title="Ommolkorm Island">Ommolkorm Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidvar_Island" title="Shidvar Island">Shidvar Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirri_Island" title="Sirri Island">Sirri Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubiyan_Island" title="Bubiyan Island">Bubiyan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failaka_Island" title="Failaka Island">Failaka Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbar_Island" title="Kubbar Island">Kubbar Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskan_Island" title="Miskan Island">Miskan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaruh_Island" title="Qaruh Island">Qaruh Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al_Maradim_Island" title="Umm al Maradim Island">Umm al Maradim Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_an_Namil_Island" title="Umm an Namil Island">Umm an Namil Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warbah_Island" title="Warbah Island">Warbah Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quoin_Island_(Persian_Gulf)" title="Quoin Island (Persian Gulf)">Quoin Island (Persian Gulf)</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabi_Island" title="Arabi Island">Arabi Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarout Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al_Abyad" title="Abu al Abyad">Abu al Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aryam_Island" title="Al-Aryam Island">Al-Aryam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Futaisi" title="Al Futaisi">Al Futaisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Lulu_Island" title="Al Lulu Island">Al Lulu Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Maryah_Island" title="Al Maryah Island">Al Maryah Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Reem_Island" title="Al Reem Island">Al Reem Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluewaters_Island" title="Bluewaters Island">Bluewaters Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burj_Al_Arab" title="Burj Al Arab">Burj Al Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalma_(island)" title="Dalma (island)">Dalma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Island" title="Das Island">Das Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Islands" title="Dubai Islands">Dubai Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazirat_Badiyah" title="Jazirat Badiyah">Jazirat Badiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marawah_Island" title="Marawah Island">Marawah Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsa_Al_Arab" title="Marsa Al Arab">Marsa Al Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Jebel_Ali" title="Palm Jebel Ali">Palm Jebel Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Jumeirah" title="Palm Jumeirah">Palm Jumeirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadiyat_Island" title="Saadiyat Island">Saadiyat Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Abu_Nu%27ayr" title="Sir Abu Nu'ayr">Sir Abu Nu'ayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Bani_Yas" title="Sir Bani Yas">Sir Bani Yas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_(archipelago)" title="The World (archipelago)">The World (archipelago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yas_Island" title="Yas Island">Yas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirku_Island" title="Zirku Island">Zirku Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyan" title="Liyan">Liyan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Bahrain" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Bahrain">Bahraini</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mina_Salman" title="Mina Salman">Mina Salman</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Iran" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Iran">Iranian</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvandkenar" title="Arvandkenar">Arvandkenar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Deylam" title="Bandar Deylam">Bandar Deylam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Emam_Khomeyni" title="Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni">Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Khamir" title="Bandar Khamir">Bandar Khamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Lengeh" title="Bandar Lengeh">Bandar Lengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Mahshahr" title="Bandar-e Mahshahr">Bandar-e Mahshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Siraf" title="Bandar Siraf">Bandar Siraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabahar_Port" title="Chabahar Port">Chabahar Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargahan" title="Dargahan">Dargahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jask" title="Jask">Jask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish,_Iran" title="Kish, Iran">Kish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laft" title="Laft">Laft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Emam_Khomeyni" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Emam Khomeyni">Port Emam Khomeyni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshm,_Hormozgan" title="Qeshm, Hormozgan">Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suza,_Iran" title="Suza, Iran">Suza</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Iraq" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Iraq">Iraqi</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Flous_Port" title="Abu Flous Port">Abu Flous Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ba%C5%9Frah_Oil_Terminal" title="Al Başrah Oil Terminal">Al Başrah Oil Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faw" title="Al-Faw">Al-Faw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Al_Amaya_Oil_Terminal" title="Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal">Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Qatar" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Qatar">Qatar</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Port" title="Hamad Port">Hamad Port</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdul_Aziz_Port" title="King Abdul Aziz Port">King Abdul Aziz Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanajib" title="Tanajib">Tanajib</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Ports and harbours of the United Arab Emirates">Emirati</a> ports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hamriya_Port" title="Al Hamriya Port">Al Hamriya Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jebel_Ali" title="Port of Jebel Ali">Port of Jebel Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Saeed" title="Port Saeed">Port Saeed</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_inscription_in_the_Kharg_Island" title="Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island">Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_Hormuz" title="Portuguese conquest of Hormuz">Portuguese conquest of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_campaign_against_Hormuz" title="Ottoman campaign against Hormuz">Ottoman campaign against Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bahrain" title="Siege of Bahrain">Siege of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_capture_of_Hormuz" title="Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz">Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_February_1625" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 1 February 1625">Action of 1 February 1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Hormuz_(1625)" title="Battle off Hormuz (1625)">Battle off Hormuz (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_Omani_invasion_of_Bahrain" title="1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain">1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_conquests_in_the_Persian_Gulf_and_Oman" title="Afsharid conquests in the Persian Gulf and Oman">Afsharid conquests in the Persian Gulf and Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Residency" title="Persian Gulf Residency">Persian Gulf Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Utbah_invasion_of_Bahrain" title="Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain">Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1809" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1809">Persian Gulf campaign of 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Naval_Officer,_Persian_Gulf" title="Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf">Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_campaign_of_1819" title="Persian Gulf campaign of 1819">Persian Gulf campaign of 1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Maritime_Treaty_of_1820" title="General Maritime Treaty of 1820">General Maritime Treaty of 1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Corridor" title="Persian Corridor">Persian Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Command" title="Persian Gulf Command">Persian Gulf Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operation_Arvand" title="Joint Operation Arvand">Joint Operation Arvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seizure_of_Abu_Musa_and_the_Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Shatt_al-Arab_conflict" title="1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict">1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanker_war" title="Tanker war">Tanker war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Earnest_Will" title="Operation Earnest Will">Operation Earnest Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeton_incident" title="Bridgeton incident">Bridgeton incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War_oil_spill" title="Gulf War oil spill">Gulf War oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draining_of_the_Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes">Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iranian_arrest_of_Royal_Navy_personnel" title="2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel">2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Strait_of_Hormuz_dispute" title="2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute">2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_U.S.%E2%80%93Iran_naval_incident" title="2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident">2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Gulf_of_Oman_incident" title="June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident">June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Iranian_shoot-down_of_American_drone" title="2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone">2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf">Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khaleej_FC" title="Al-Khaleej FC">Al-Khaleej FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Gulf_Cup_Football_Federation" title="Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation">Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Cup" title="Arabian Gulf Cup">Arabian Gulf Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union">Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_rugby_sevens_team" title="Arabian Gulf rugby sevens team">Arabian Gulf rugby sevens team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_rugby_union_team" title="Arabian Gulf rugby union team">Arabian Gulf rugby union team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Club_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC Club Cup">GCC Club Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCC_Futsal_Cup" title="GCC Futsal Cup">GCC Futsal Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan_Club" title="Khor Fakkan Club">Khor Fakkan Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Pro_League" title="Persian Gulf Pro League">Persian Gulf Pro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_League_Cup" title="UAE League Cup">UAE League Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Pro_League" title="UAE Pro League">UAE Pro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Pro_League_Committee" title="UAE Pro League Committee">UAE Pro League Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Super_Cup" title="UAE Super Cup">UAE Super Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Airlines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Air" title="Gulf Air">Gulf Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Aviation" title="Gulf Aviation">Gulf Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Traveller" title="Gulf Traveller">Gulf Traveller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_Air" title="Kish Air">Kish Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Air" title="Qeshm Air">Qeshm Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaudiGulf_Airlines" title="SaudiGulf Airlines">SaudiGulf Airlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhbar_Al_Khaleej" title="Akhbar Al Khaleej">Akhbar Al Khaleej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Khaleej_(newspaper)" title="Al Khaleej (newspaper)">Al Khaleej (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_Oil_Company" title="Arabian Gulf Oil Company">Arabian Gulf Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Gulf_University" title="Arabian Gulf University">Arabian Gulf University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_Al_Khaleej" title="Dar Al Khaleej">Dar Al Khaleej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Daily_News" title="Gulf Daily News">Gulf Daily News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Medical_University" title="Gulf Medical University">Gulf Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Today" title="Gulf Today">Gulf Today</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_University,_Bahrain" title="Gulf University, Bahrain">Gulf University, Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_University_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Gulf University for Science and Technology">Gulf University for Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulftainer" title="Gulftainer">Gulftainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleej_Times" title="Khaleej Times">Khaleej Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaleeji_Commercial_Bank" title="Khaleeji Commercial Bank">Khaleeji Commercial Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_International_Education_Center" title="Persian Gulf International Education Center">Persian Gulf International Education Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Online_Organization" title="Persian Gulf Online Organization">Persian Gulf Online Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Studies_Center" title="Persian Gulf Studies Center">Persian Gulf Studies Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_University" title="Persian Gulf University">Persian Gulf University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharmin_and_Bijan_Mossavar-Rahmani_Center_for_Iran_and_Persian_Gulf_Studies" title="Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies">Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wildlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_carpetshark" title="Arabian carpetshark">Arabian carpetshark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicennia_marina" title="Avicennia marina">Avicennia marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacktip_tope" title="Blacktip tope">Blacktip tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booted_warbler" title="Booted warbler">Booted warbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheekspot_blenny" title="Cheekspot blenny">Cheekspot blenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_kingfisher" title="Collared kingfisher">Collared kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_flamingo" title="Greater flamingo">Greater flamingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_lizardfish" title="Greater lizardfish">Greater lizardfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin">Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">Minke whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omura%27s_whale" title="Omura's whale">Omura's whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita_skate" title="Pita skate">Pita skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porites_nodifera" title="Porites nodifera">Porites nodifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophora_mucronata" title="Rhizophora mucronata">Rhizophora mucronata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slender_whiting" title="Slender whiting">Slender whiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothtooth_blacktip_shark" title="Smoothtooth blacktip shark">Smoothtooth blacktip shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenisthmus_balius" title="Xenisthmus balius">Xenisthmus balius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Islamic_Solidarity_Games#Suspension_and_cancellation_of_Games" title="2010 Islamic Solidarity Games">2010 Islamic Solidarity Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_(port)" title="Bandar (port)">Bandar (port)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandari_music" title="Bandari music">Bandari music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Eastern_Arabia" title="Christianity in Eastern Arabia">Christianity in Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eastern_Arabia" title="Culture of Eastern Arabia">Culture of Eastern Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gargee%27an" title="Gargee'an">Gargee'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabian_cuisine" title="Eastern Arabian 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