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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bandar Siraf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بندر سيراف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندر سيراف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99nd%C9%99r_Siraf" title="Bəndər Siraf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəndər Siraf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Siraf" title="Bandar Siraf – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bandar Siraf" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بندر سیراف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بندر سیراف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender_S%C3%AEraf" title="Bender Sîraf – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bender Sîraf" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بندر سیراف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بندر سیراف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Siraf" title="Bandar Siraf – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Siraf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95" title="バンダレ・シーラーフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンダレ・シーラーフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Sirof" title="Bandar Sirof – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bandar Sirof" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Siraf" title="Bandar Siraf – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandar Siraf" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بەندەر سیراف – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندەر سیراف" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Бандар Сираф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бандар Сираф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender_Siraf" title="Bender Siraf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bender Siraf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بندر سیراف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندر سیراف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B8%AF" title="錫拉夫港 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="錫拉夫港" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bandar_Siraf&params=27_39_54_N_52_20_48_E_dim:1km_type:city(6992)_region:IR-18"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°39′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">52°20′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.66500°N 52.34667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.66500; 52.34667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the administrative division, see <a href="/wiki/Siraf_District" title="Siraf District">Siraf District</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Bushehr province, Iran</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Bushehr, Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bandar-e Siraf</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بندر سیراف</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siraf-Wharf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beachfront in Siraf"><img alt="Beachfront in Siraf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Siraf-Wharf.jpg/250px-Siraf-Wharf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Siraf-Wharf.jpg/375px-Siraf-Wharf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Siraf-Wharf.jpg/500px-Siraf-Wharf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Beachfront in Siraf</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandar-e Siraf is located in Iran"><img alt="Bandar-e Siraf is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.581%;left:43.154%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandar-e Siraf"><img alt="Bandar-e Siraf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bandar-e Siraf</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bandar_Siraf&params=27_39_54_N_52_20_48_E_dim:1km_type:city(6992)_region:IR-18"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°39′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">52°20′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.66500°N 52.34667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.66500; 52.34667</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_province" title="Bushehr province">Bushehr</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kangan_County" title="Kangan County">Kangan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siraf_District" title="Siraf District">Siraf</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016)<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Bushehr_Province_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Bushehr_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,992</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3:30">UTC+3:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bandar Siraf</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بندر سیراف</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in, and the capital of, <a href="/wiki/Siraf_District" title="Siraf District">Siraf District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kangan_County" title="Kangan County">Kangan County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushehr_province" title="Bushehr province">Bushehr</a> province, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_District_Formation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the village of Taheri, it was the capital of <a href="/wiki/Taheri_Rural_District" title="Taheri Rural District">Taheri Rural District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kangan_County_Rural_Districts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kangan_County_Rural_Districts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until its capital was transferred to the village of <a href="/wiki/Parak,_Bushehr" title="Parak, Bushehr">Parak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_District_Formation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to legend, Siraf was an ancient <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a>, destroyed around 970 CE, which was located on the north shore of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a>. Its ruins are approximately 220 km east of <a href="/wiki/Bushire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushire">Bushire</a>, 30 km east from Kangan city, and 380 km west of <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siraf controlled three ports: Bandar-e-Taheri, <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kangan" title="Bandar Kangan">Bandar-e-Kangan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Deyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Deyr">Bandar-e-Dayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Persian Gulf was used as a <a href="/wiki/Shipping_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping route">shipping route</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>. Small boats, such as <a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">dhows</a>, could also make the long journey by staying close to the coast and keeping land in sight.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The port was known as Taheri or Tahiri until in 2008 the government of Iran changed the official name of the city back to Bandar Siraf.<sup id="cite_ref-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The port was known as Siraf in ancient times. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, most of the commerce towards Asia was performed through Siraf. Several episodes of massive <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes">earthquakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsunamis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsunamis">tsunamis</a> damaged and drowned much of the port city, where its ancient quays, moorages, administrative structures, and even boat remains are found today on the sea floor of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> via <a href="/wiki/Marine_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine archaeology">marine archaeology</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sasanian_era">Sasanian era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sasanian era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indo-Sassanid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Indo-Sassanid.jpg/300px-Indo-Sassanid.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Indo-Sassanid.jpg/450px-Indo-Sassanid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Indo-Sassanid.jpg/600px-Indo-Sassanid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Sea routes during the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian">Sasanian</a> era</figcaption></figure> <p>The historical importance of Siraf to ancient trade is only now being realized. Discovered there in past archaeological excavations are ivory objects from east <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, pieces of stone from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lapis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapis">lapis</a> from <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Siraf dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/David_Whitehouse" title="David Whitehouse">David Whitehouse</a>, one of the first archaeologists to excavate the ancient ruins of Siraf, marine trade between the Persian Gulf and <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> lands began to flourish at this port because of the vast expansion of trade in consumer goods and luxury items in ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend, the first contact between Siraf and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> occurred in 185 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when sea <a href="/wiki/Trade_route" title="Trade route">trade routes</a> tried shifting to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, Siraf lost some business.<sup id="cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations at Siraf have uncovered evidence of a Sasanian port, which probably served the inland city of <a href="/wiki/Firuzabad,_Fars" title="Firuzabad, Fars">Gor</a> (now Firuzabad).<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also a huge castle, possibly built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 360 by <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is historical evidence of <a href="/wiki/Sasanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian">Sasanian</a> maritime trade with the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Cambay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Cambay">Gulf of Cambay</a> in the modern day province of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as fragments of Indian red polished ware, of predominantly <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarati</a> provenance dating to the 5th and 6th centuries were found at coastal sites on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, and especially at Siraf.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_era">Islamic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islamic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg/220px-Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg/330px-Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg/440px-Jameh_Mosque_of_Siraf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1634" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jameh_mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Jameh mosque">jameh mosque</a> of Siraf, begun in the 9th century</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 9th century, Siraf was revamped and expanded exponentially as the sea trade with Asia flourished.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city's <a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a>, one of the earliest in Iran, was among the items studied by Whitehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Archnet_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosque was "a huge rectangular structure with a central courtyard set on a raised podium", with a single entrance on the east side (opposite from the <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Archnet_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosque was built in two phases.<sup id="cite_ref-Archnet_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was in the first half of the 9th century and the second was around 850.<sup id="cite_ref-Archnet_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also several smaller mosques, all with <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrabs</a> projecting onto the outside of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-Archnet_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are ruins of the luxurious houses of extremely rich traders who made their wealth through the port's success.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest Muslim writer to mention Siraf is <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Faqih" title="Ibn al-Faqih">Ibn al-Faqih</a>, who wrote around 850 that Sirafi ships traded with India.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_the_Merchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulayman the Merchant">Sulayman the Merchant</a> wrote that Middle Eastern goods bound for China were first shipped from <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> to Siraf, then on to <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a> in Oman and <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 900, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Zayd_Hasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Zayd Hasan (page does not exist)">Abu Zayd Hasan</a> - himself a merchant from Siraf - wrote that Sirafi ships were engaged in commerce with both <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> on the Red Sea and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> in East Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Zayd also wrote that trade between the Persian Gulf and China had decreased after the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_massacre" title="Guangzhou massacre">Guangzhou massacre</a> in 878 killed many foreign merchants, although Chinese coins were still circulating in Siraf at the time he was writing.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, when <a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27udi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mas'udi">al-Mas'udi</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> between 916 and 926, he noted that Sirafi ships were present there, along with ships from <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During its heyday, Siraf was the largest and wealthiest port city on the Iranian side of the Persian Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a center of commerce with Africa, India, and China.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anonymous author of the 10th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27Alam" title="Hudud al-'Alam">Hudud al-'Alam</a></i> called Siraf "the merchants' haunt and the emporium of Fars".<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later author <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Balkhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Balkhi">Ibn al-Balkhi</a> wrote of the period from 908 to 932, the annual value of goods traded in Siraf was 2.53 million <a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dinars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most detailed account of Siraf comes from <a href="/wiki/Al-Istakhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Istakhri">al-Istakhri</a>, shortly before 950.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described it as the second-largest city in the district of <a href="/wiki/Ardashir-Khwarrah" title="Ardashir-Khwarrah">Ardashir-Khwarrah</a> (southwestern Fars), behind only Shiraz - which it rivaled in size.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He listed some of the goods that were traded here: <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> and other aromatics, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, spices, paper, <a href="/wiki/Aloe" title="Aloe">aloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">camphor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambergris" title="Ambergris">ambergris</a>, and precious stones.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the goods manufactured in Siraf itself were linen napkins and veils.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siraf was also an important market for <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a><sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - nearby <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Ganaveh" title="Bandar Ganaveh">Ganaveh</a> was renowned for its pearl fishing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merchants and ship captains from Siraf amassed huge fortunes off all this maritime trade,<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they lived in "richly decorated, multi-story houses" built from <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a> wood, imported from East Africa, and fired brick.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to contemporary accounts, a merchant might spend 30,000 dinars on one of these houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "rather puritanical" 10th-century author <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqdisi" title="Al-Maqdisi">al-Maqdisi</a> regarded Siraf as a nest of corruption and wrote that <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usury" title="Usury">usury</a>, and general extravagance were rampant here.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When an earthquake in 977 caused serious damage to Siraf, al-Maqdisi viewed it as "a fitting punishment from God".<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siraf served an international clientele of merchants including those from <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chalukyas">Western Chalukyas</a> dynasty who were feasted by wealthy local merchants during business visits. An indicator of the Indian merchants' importance in Siraf comes from records describing dining plates reserved for them.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Siraf lacked drinking water (apart from one small <a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">qanat</a>, according to al-Maqdisi)<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and good farmland, so food and water had to be imported from the <a href="/wiki/Jam,_Iran" title="Jam, Iran">Jam</a> plain.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to al-Maqdisi, Siraf's decline began with the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a> gaining power in Fars; many Sirafis relocated to Oman at this point according to him.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Ibn al-Balkhi says nothing about such a migration and instead attributes the town's decline to the period after the fall of the Buyids in 1055.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pirates from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Qays_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Qays Island">Qays Island</a> then took advantage of the resulting power vacuum to attack Sirafi ships with impunity.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial traffic on the Persian Gulf started to bypass Siraf altogether and instead go straight to Basra.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siraf was not the only Gulf port to decline around this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ganaveh, <a href="/wiki/Tawwaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawwaz">Tawwaz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siniz (page does not exist)">Siniz</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahruban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahruban (page does not exist)">Mahruban</a> all declined at about the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this decline "can only have been relative" - in the early 12th century, the wealthy ship-owner and merchant tycoon <a href="/wiki/Ramisht_of_Siraf" title="Ramisht of Siraf">Abu'l-Qasim Ramisht</a> (died 1140) is known to have operated a prosperous commercial enterprise based out of Siraf that did business as far as China.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 13th century, though, <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> left a less than sanguine description of Siraf - he called it a small place (<i>bulayd</i>) inhabited by "wretched people", with its buildings in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this point, the name Siraf had become distorted to <i><b>Shīlāw</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This name is still used to refer to a small valley south of the site's main ridge (see above).<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yaqut may have painted a rather bleak picture of Siraf, but its role as a commercial port was far from over.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained a regional trade center on a smaller scale until the 15th or 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It served as the port for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khunj_u_Fal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khunj u Fal (page does not exist)">Khunj u Fal</a> region, as a point of departure for <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a> and the Arabian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> knew of "Shilaw" and may have visited in 1347 when he crossed the Persian Gulf from "Khunju Pal" over to the Arabian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shilaw was also mentioned by 16th-century European travelers, such as António Tenreiro, who visited "Chilaão" in 1528, and Gasparo Balbi, who visited "Silaú" in 1590.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, however, sources only describe a very small and basic harbor at the modern village of Taheri.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1812, <a href="/wiki/James_Morier" class="mw-redirect" title="James Morier">James Morier</a> wrote about the existence of ruins at Taheri.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Someone named Brucks then visited the site but thought it was Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British naval officer G.N. Kempthorne later visited the site in 1835 and was the first to identify the ruins with Siraf.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Aurel_Stein" title="Aurel Stein">Aurel Stein</a> visited Siraf and left a description of a massive "sea wall", which extended for some 400 m along the beach and was reinforced with buttresses but has since disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the finds (over 16,000 in all) excavated at Siraf by Whitehouse and his archaeological team in the 1960s and 1970s are kept in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siraf has not yet been registered on the list of national heritage sites of Iran. This is needed so that it will be preserved and maintained in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 3,500 in 722 households, when it was in the <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Kangan_County)" title="Central District (Kangan County)">Central District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_Bushehr_Province_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_Bushehr_Province-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 7,137 people in 1,309 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Bushehr_Province_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Bushehr_Province-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 6,992 people in 1,949 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Bushehr_Province_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Bushehr_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the census, the city separated from the district in the establishment of Siraf District.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_District_Formation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site of Siraf is located by a shallow bay that extends for 4 km east–west.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just 500 m inland is a sandstone ridge running parallel to the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siraf itself is located in the narrow habitable strip between the beach and the ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this part of Fars, many long ridges like this one run parallel to the coast, rising as high as 1500 m within 20 km from the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passes through the ridges are only found occasionally, making communication with the interior difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The narrow coastal plain is divided in two by a spur jutting out from the ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core of the modern settlement of Taheri is on the east side of this spur, while the ruins of historical Siraf are to the west, extending for 2 km along the seashore.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the spur itself was the fortified residence of the local shaikh.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the west is the dry <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadi</a> bed called Kunarak, which marks the western boundary of old Siraf.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the Kunarak valley is where the main road passes through to connect Taheri with the <a href="/wiki/Jam,_Iran" title="Jam, Iran">Jam</a> plain further inland, and the same was probably true in historical times when Siraf was at its peak.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the west of the Kunarak valley is the Bagh-i-Shaikh plain.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coastal plain gradually widens toward the west, and the Bagh-i-Shaikh plain is 1 km across.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides the Kunarak valley, there is a second gap in the main ridge known as the Tang-i-Lir.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a narrow gorge located about 1.5 km east of the Kunarak pass.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides the main spur that divides the coastal plain, there are two smaller spurs between the two gaps.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first and larger one runs almost parallel with the main ridge for about 1 km west of the Tang-i-Lir.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between it and the main ridge is the Shilaw valley, which retains the old variant of the name attested since the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northern slopes of the Shilaw valley are covered in spectacular rock-cut graves, which are now empty.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second small spur is between the Shilaw valley and the Kunarak wadi.<sup id="cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley"><img alt="Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg/88px-QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg/132px-QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg/176px-QANRESTAN_SIRAAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="740" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siraf_Panorama1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley"><img alt="Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Siraf_Panorama1.jpg/120px-Siraf_Panorama1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Siraf_Panorama1.jpg/180px-Siraf_Panorama1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Siraf_Panorama1.jpg/240px-Siraf_Panorama1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rock-cut graves in the Shilaw valley</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taheri_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins of buildings at Siraf"><img alt="Ruins of buildings at Siraf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taheri_port.jpg/120px-Taheri_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taheri_port.jpg/180px-Taheri_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Taheri_port.jpg/240px-Taheri_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruins of buildings at Siraf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siraf skyline"><img alt="Siraf skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg/120px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg/180px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg/240px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Siraf skyline</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nasori Castle, former residence of the local shaikhs"><img alt="Nasori Castle, former residence of the local shaikhs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg/120px-Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg/180px-Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg/240px-Nasoori_castle_siraf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2876" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nasori_Castle" title="Nasori Castle">Nasori Castle</a>, former residence of the local shaikhs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beach near Siraf"><img alt="Beach near Siraf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2_12_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beach near Siraf</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>S.M.N. Priestman ‘The rise of Siraf: long-term development of trade emporia within the Persian Gulf’. In <i>Proceedings of the International Congress of Siraf Port, November 14–16, 2005</i>, Bushehr Branch of <a href="/wiki/Iranology_Foundation" title="Iranology Foundation">Iranology Foundation</a> & Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 2005, 137-56</li> <li>V.F. Piacentini, Merchants, Merchandise and Military Power in the Persian Gulf (Suriyanj/Shakriyaj-Siraf), <i>Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei</i> (Rome), Serie IX, Vol. III(2), 1992.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Lowick" title="Nicholas Lowick">Nicholas Lowick</a>, <i>Siraf XV. The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions</i>, The British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1985.</li> <li>D. Whitehouse, <i>Siraf III. The Congregational Mosque and Other Mosques from the Ninth to the Twelfth Centuries</i>, The British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1980.</li> <li>D. Whitehouse, ‘Excavations at Siraf. First-Sixth Interim Reports’, <i>Iran</i> 6-12 (1968–74).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bandar_Siraf" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bandar Siraf">Bandar Siraf</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as <b>Bandar-e Sīraf</b>; also known as <b>Sīraf</b>; formerly <b>Taheri</b> (طاهری);<sup id="cite_ref-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also romanized as <b>Ṭāherī</b>; also known as <b>Bandar-e Ṭāherī</b> (بندر طاهری), <b>Bandar-i Ṭāhirī</b>, and <b>Tāhiri</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2024" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OpenStreetMap contributors (27 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=27.665&mlon=52.346667&zoom=15#map=15/27.66500/52.34667">"Bandar Siraf, Kangan County"</a> (Map). <i>openstreetmap.org (OpenStreetMap)</i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=openstreetmap.org+%28OpenStreetMap%29&rft.atitle=Bandar+Siraf%2C+Kangan+County&rft.date=2024-08-27&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D27.665%26mlon%3D52.346667%26zoom%3D15%23map%3D15%2F27.66500%2F52.34667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_Bushehr_Province-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Bushehr_Province_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Bushehr_Province_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803212745/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_18.xlsx">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Bushehr Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_18.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 3 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29%3A+Bushehr+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_18.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taheri_Renamed_Bandar_Siraf_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavodi2013" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Davodi, Parviz (22 August 2013) [Approved 9 October 1387]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113095145/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/135620">Approval letter regarding changing the name of Taheri city from the Central District of Kangan County in Bushehr province to Siraf city</a>. <i>rc.majlis.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Notification 182479/T36252K. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/135620">the original</a> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span> – via Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+letter+regarding+changing+the+name+of+Taheri+city+from+the+Central+District+of+Kangan+County+in+Bushehr+province+to+Siraf+city&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Board+of+Ministers&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft.aulast=Davodi&rft.aufirst=Parviz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frc.majlis.ir%2Ffa%2Flaw%2Fshow%2F135620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bandar Siraf can be found at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/">this link</a>, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3086632" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siraf_District_Formation-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_District_Formation_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangiri2017" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jahangiri, Ishaq (22 March 2017) [Approved 7 December 1397]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190313064215/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1120037">Approval letter regarding country divisions in Jam and Kangan Counties in Bushehr province</a>. <i>rc.majlis.com</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 164182/T55741H. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1120037">the original</a> on 13 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2023</span> – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+letter+regarding+country+divisions+in+Jam+and+Kangan+Counties+in+Bushehr+province&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Council+of+Ministers&rft.date=2017-03-22&rft.aulast=Jahangiri&rft.aufirst=Ishaq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frc.majlis.ir%2Ffa%2Flaw%2Fshow%2F1120037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kangan_County_Rural_Districts-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kangan_County_Rural_Districts_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMousavic._2024" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mousavi, Mirhossein (c. 2024) [Approved 18 August 1365]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426110841/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/109698">Creation and formation of five rural districts including villages, farms and places in Kangan County under Bushehr province</a>. <i>lamtakam.com</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 7144.1.05.53. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/109698">the original</a> on 26 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span> – via Lam ta Kam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Creation+and+formation+of+five+rural+districts+including+villages%2C+farms+and+places+in+Kangan+County+under+Bushehr+province&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Council+of+Ministers&rft.aulast=Mousavi&rft.aufirst=Mirhossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamtakam.com%2Flaw%2Fcouncil_of_ministers%2F109698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siraf_Congress-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siraf_Congress_8-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310172938/http://www.sirafcongress.ir/index.html">"Siraf"</a>. sirafcongress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirafcongress.ir/index.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siraf&rft.pub=sirafcongress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sirafcongress.ir%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tebyan.net/index.aspx?pid=40141">"Ancient Cities and Archaeological Hills, Bushehr"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cities+and+Archaeological+Hills%2C+Bushehr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tebyan.net%2Findex.aspx%3Fpid%3D40141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208223341/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the.seas.of.sindbad.htm">"The Seas of Sindbad"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the.seas.of.sindbad.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Seas+of+Sindbad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F200504%2Fthe.seas.of.sindbad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chnpress.com/news/?Section=2&id=5935">"Foreign Experts Talk of Siraf History"</a>. Cultural Heritage News Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Experts+Talk+of+Siraf+History&rft.pub=Cultural+Heritage+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chnpress.com%2Fnews%2F%3FSection%3D2%26id%3D5935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_Heritage_News_Agency_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070820061341/http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=5938">"Siraf, a Legendary Ancient Port"</a>. Cultural Heritage News Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=5938">the original</a> on 20 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siraf%2C+a+Legendary+Ancient+Port&rft.pub=Cultural+Heritage+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chnpress.com%2Fnews%2F%3Fsection%3D2%26id%3D5938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth_1997-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_1997_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1997" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "SĪRĀF". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Brill. pp. 667–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10422-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10422-4"><bdi>90-04-10422-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S%C4%AAR%C4%80F&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+IX+%28SAN-SZE%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=667-8&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10422-4&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia600603.us.archive.org%2F14%2Fitems%2FEncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13%2F09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPia_Brancaccio2010" class="citation book cs1">Pia Brancaccio (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_4pXm7dD78C&q=siraf%2C+gujarat%2C+persia&pg=PA165"><i>The caves at Aurangabad : Buddhist art in transformation</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18525-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18525-8"><bdi>978-90-04-18525-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+caves+at+Aurangabad+%3A+Buddhist+art+in+transformation&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18525-8&rft.au=Pia+Brancaccio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm_4pXm7dD78C%26q%3Dsiraf%252C%2Bgujarat%252C%2Bpersia%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gujarat">"GUJARAT (Skt. Gurjaṛ), a province of India on its northwestern coastline"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>Maritime contacts between Gujarat and the Persian Gulf region reach back to the period of Indus Valley civilization (ca. 2500-1500 B.C.). The port of Lothal at the head of the Gulf of Cambay, as well as other excavations in Gujarat, reveal the extent of Gujarat's earliest commercial contacts with the west (Rao, pp. 39-78, 114-26; Dani and Masson, pp. 312-18).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=GUJARAT+%28Skt.+Gurja%E1%B9%9B%29%2C+a+province+of+India+on+its+northwestern+coastline.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgujarat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archnet-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Archnet_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archnet_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archnet_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archnet_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archnet_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030610133650/http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA0850&mode=full">"Siraf"</a>. archnet.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/library/dictionary/entry.tcl?entry_id=DIA0850&mode=full">the original</a> on 10 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siraf&rft.pub=archnet.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Flibrary%2Fdictionary%2Fentry.tcl%3Fentry_id%3DDIA0850%26mode%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231211/http://www.iranian.ws/iran_news/publish/article_10937.shtml">"Siraf, a Legendary Ancient Port"</a>. Iranian News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranian.ws/iran_news/publish/article_10937.shtml">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siraf%2C+a+Legendary+Ancient+Port&rft.pub=Iranian+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranian.ws%2Firan_news%2Fpublish%2Farticle_10937.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christensen_1993-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_1993_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen1993" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, Peter (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5-iWDwAAQBAJ"><i>The decline of Iranshahr: irrigation and environments in the history of the Middle East, 500 BC to AD 1500</i></a>. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 174–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838609351" title="Special:BookSources/9781838609351"><bdi>9781838609351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+decline+of+Iranshahr%3A+irrigation+and+environments+in+the+history+of+the+Middle+East%2C+500+BC+to+AD+1500.&rft.pages=174-6&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9781838609351&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5-iWDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sastri (1955), p302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection">"Collection"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930011116/http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=5546">"World Famous Archaeologists Attend Siraf Conference"</a>. Cultural Heritage News Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=5546">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Famous+Archaeologists+Attend+Siraf+Conference&rft.pub=Cultural+Heritage+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chnpress.com%2Fnews%2F%3Fsection%3D2%26id%3D5546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006_Bushehr_Province-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006_Bushehr_Province_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920093422/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/18.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Bushehr Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/18.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 20 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1385+%282006%29%3A+Bushehr+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FDesktopModules%2FFTPManager%2Fupload%2Fupload2360%2Fnewjkh%2Fnewjkh%2F18.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011_Bushehr_Province-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011_Bushehr_Province_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403085236/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Bushehr.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Bushehr Province</a>. <i>irandataportal.syr.edu</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Bushehr.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 3 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span> – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1390+%282011%29%3A+Bushehr+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firandataportal.syr.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FBushehr.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandar+Siraf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8">0-19-560686-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Siraf&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208223341/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the.seas.of.sindbad.htm">The Seas of Sindbad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016222147/http://chnphoto.ir/gallery.php?lang=en&gallery_uid=212">Photos of Siraf ruins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310172938/http://www.sirafcongress.ir/index.html">International Congress of Siraf Port (Internet Archive cache)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SirafCongressProceedingsOCR">Proceedings of the International Congress of Siraf Port</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciolek.com/owtrad.html">Old World Trade Routes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/british_museum_siraf_project.aspx">The British Museum Siraf project</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge780198&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bushehr_Province,_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asaluyeh_County" title="Asaluyeh County">Asaluyeh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaluyeh" title="Asaluyeh">Asaluyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhl_Taqi" title="Nakhl Taqi">Nakhl Taqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_County" title="Bushehr County">Bushehr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shahr" title="Ali Shahr">Ali Shahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choghadak" title="Choghadak">Choghadak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharg,_Iran" title="Kharg, Iran">Kharg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dashtestan_County" title="Dashtestan County">Dashtestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borazjan" title="Borazjan">Borazjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab_Pakhsh" title="Ab Pakhsh">Ab Pakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalaki" title="Dalaki">Dalaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalameh" title="Kalameh">Kalameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadabad,_Iran" title="Sadabad, Iran">Sadabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabankareh" title="Shabankareh">Shabankareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang-e_Eram" title="Tang-e Eram">Tang-e Eram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahdatiyeh" title="Vahdatiyeh">Vahdatiyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dashti_County" title="Dashti County">Dashti County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khormuj" class="mw-redirect" title="Khormuj">Khormuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaki,_Iran" title="Kaki, Iran">Kaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonbeh" title="Shonbeh">Shonbeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deylam_County" title="Deylam County">Deylam County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Deylam" title="Bandar Deylam">Bandar Deylam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Hassan,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Hassan, Iran">Imam Hassan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deyr_County" title="Deyr County">Deyr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Deyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Deyr">Bandar Deyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdan" title="Abdan">Abdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardestan" title="Bardestan">Bardestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bord_Khun" title="Bord Khun">Bord Khun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ganaveh_County" title="Ganaveh County">Ganaveh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Ganaveh" title="Bandar Ganaveh">Bandar Ganaveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Rig" title="Bandar Rig">Bandar Rig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jam_County" title="Jam County">Jam County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jam,_Iran" title="Jam, Iran">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riz,_Iran" title="Riz, Iran">Riz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kangan_County" title="Kangan County">Kangan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kangan" title="Bandar Kangan">Bandar Kangan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandar Siraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank,_Iran" title="Bank, Iran">Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tangestan_County" title="Tangestan County">Tangestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahram,_Iran" title="Ahram, Iran">Ahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delvar" title="Delvar">Delvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ghavam water tank (<a href="/wiki/Ab_Anbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Anbar">Ab Anbar</a> of Ghavam)</li> <li>Khourmoj fire temple</li> <li>Boraazjan Castle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraf">Siraf</a></li> <li>Seensiz</li> <li>Rishahr</li> <li>Chehelkhaneh cave</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardak_Siah_Palace" title="Bardak Siah Palace">Bardak Siah Palace</a></li> <li>Saadat Mozaffari School</li> <li>Rais Ali Museum</li> <li>Bushehr anthropology Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gur-e-Dokhtar" title="Gur-e-Dokhtar">Gur-e-Dokhtar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Bushehr_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Bushehr Province">List of cities, towns and villages in Bushehr Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Kangan_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kangan_County" title="Template:Kangan County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kangan_County" title="Template talk:Kangan County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kangan_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kangan County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Kangan_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kangan_County" title="Kangan County">Kangan County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kangan" title="Bandar Kangan">Bandar Kangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iran" title="Administrative divisions of Iran">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Central" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Kangan_County)" title="Central District (Kangan County)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kangan" title="Bandar Kangan">Bandar Kangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank,_Iran" title="Bank, Iran">Bank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandar Siraf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Howmeh_Rural_District_(Kangan_County)" title="Howmeh Rural District (Kangan County)">Howmeh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barkeh-ye_Chupan" title="Barkeh-ye Chupan">Barkeh-ye Chupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhl-e_Ghanem" title="Nakhl-e Ghanem">Nakhl-e Ghanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh-ye_Meyan" title="Qaleh-ye Meyan">Qaleh-ye Meyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Taheri_Rural_District" title="Taheri Rural District">Taheri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_Ku" title="Bagh Ku">Bagh Ku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagh-e_Sheykh,_Bushehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagh-e Sheykh, Bushehr (page does not exist)">Bagh-e Sheykh</a></li> <li>Chah-e Majanun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parak,_Bushehr" title="Parak, Bushehr">Parak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posht-e_Tang,_Bushehr" title="Posht-e Tang, Bushehr">Posht-e Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirinu,_Bushehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirinu, Bushehr">Shirinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbak,_Iran" title="Tonbak, Iran">Tonbak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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