CINXE.COM

Würzburg radar - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Würzburg radar - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ff549b67-a365-42b0-8d69-58cf4aec80af","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Würzburg_radar","wgTitle":"Würzburg radar","wgCurRevisionId":1247169468,"wgRevisionId":1247169468,"wgArticleId":981779,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","Commons link is on Wikidata","World War II German radars","Military radar networks","Gun laying radars","Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Würzburg_radar","wgRelevantArticleId":981779,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1849277","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion" ],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/1200px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="896"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/800px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="598"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/640px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="478"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Würzburg radar - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Würzburg_radar rootpage-Würzburg_radar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=W%C3%BCrzburg+radar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=W%C3%BCrzburg+radar" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=W%C3%BCrzburg+radar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=W%C3%BCrzburg+radar" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countermeasures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countermeasures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Countermeasures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countermeasures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_use_in_astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_use_in_astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-war use in astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_use_in_astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Würzburg radar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="رادار فورتسبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رادار فورتسبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="Würzburg radar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Würzburg radar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(Radar)" title="Würzburg (Radar) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Würzburg (Radar)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Radar Würzburg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radar Würzburg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Radar Würzburg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radar Würzburg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Radar Würzburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radar Würzburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(radar)" title="Würzburg (radar) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Würzburg (radar)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(radar)" title="Würzburg (radar) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Würzburg (radar)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0_(%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC)" title="ウルツブルグ (レーダー) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウルツブルグ (レーダー)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FuMo_214_%C2%ABW%C3%BCrzburg-Riese%C2%BB" title="FuMo 214 «Würzburg-Riese» – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FuMo 214 «Würzburg-Riese»" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Radar Würzburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radar Würzburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurzburg_(radar)" title="Wurzburg (radar) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wurzburg (radar)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(radar)" title="Würzburg (radar) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Würzburg (radar)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="Würzburg radar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Würzburg radar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Вюрцбург (радар) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вюрцбург (радар)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1849277#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;oldid=1247169468" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;id=1247169468&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FW%25C3%25BCrzburg_radar"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FW%25C3%25BCrzburg_radar"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(radar)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1849277" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ground-based gun laying radar for the Wehrmacht's Luftwaffe and German Army during World War II</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary"><i>Würzburg-Riese</i> (Giant Würzburg) radar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/220px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/330px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG/440px-W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Würzburg-Riese at Military History Museum, Gatow Airport, Berlin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of&#160;origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1,500</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Tracking <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">560 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pulse_Repetition_Frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse Repetition Frequency">PRF</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1875 per second</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pulsewidth</th><td class="infobox-data">2 μs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">up to 70&#160;km (43&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">7.5 metres (25&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">Azimuth</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0–360°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–90°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precision</th><td class="infobox-data">±15 metres (49&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">8 kW</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The low-<a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a> band <b>Würzburg radar</b> was the primary ground-based tracking <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht's</a> <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> (German Navy) during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Initial development took place before the war and the apparatus entered service in 1940. Eventually, over 4,000 Würzburgs of various models were produced. It took its name from the city of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>. </p><p>There were two primary models of the system. The first Würzburg was a transportable model that could be folded for transit and then brought into operation quickly after emplacement and levelling. The A models began entering service in May 1940 and saw several updated versions over the next year to improve accuracy, notably the addition of <a href="/wiki/Conical_scanning" title="Conical scanning">conical scanning</a> in the D model of 1941. The larger Würzburg-<i>Riese</i> (giant) was based on the D model but used a much larger <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_reflector" title="Parabolic reflector">parabolic reflector</a> to further improve resolution at the cost of no longer being mobile. </p><p>As one of German's primary radars, the British spent considerable effort countering it. This culminated in February 1942 with <a href="/wiki/Operation_Biting" title="Operation Biting">Operation Biting</a>, in which components of an operational A model were captured. Using information from these components, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" title="Chaff (countermeasure)">"Window" chaff</a> and a series of <a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">white noise</a> <a href="/wiki/Radar_jamming_and_deception" title="Radar jamming and deception">radar jammers</a> known as "<a href="/wiki/Carpet_(jammer)" title="Carpet (jammer)">Carpet</a>" to interfere with their operation. Late in the war, the British introduced the first jammers using the more advanced <a href="/wiki/Angle_deception_jamming" title="Angle deception jamming">angle deception jamming</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1934, <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a> met with German radar researchers, notably Dr. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_K%C3%BChnhold" title="Rudolf Kühnhold">Rudolf Kühnhold</a> of the Communications Research Institute of the <i>Kriegsmarine</i> and Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hollmann" title="Hans Hollmann">Hans Hollmann</a>, an expert in <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwaves</a>, who informed them of their work on an <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Early warning radar">early warning radar</a>. Telefunken's director of research, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Runge" title="Wilhelm Runge">Wilhelm Runge</a>, was unimpressed and dismissed the idea as <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>. The developers then went their own way and formed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gesellschaft für Elektroakustische und Mechanische Apparate</i></span> (GEMA) eventually collaborating with <a href="/wiki/C._Lorenz_AG" title="C. Lorenz AG">Lorenz</a> on the development of the <a href="/wiki/Freya_radar" title="Freya radar">Freya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seetakt_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Seetakt radar">Seetakt</a> systems. </p><p>By the spring of 1935, GEMA's successes made it clear to Runge that the idea was workable after all, so he started a crash program at Telefunken to develop radar systems. With Lorenz already making progress on early warning devices, Runge had the Telefunken team concentrate on a short-range gun laying system instead. Management apparently felt it to be as uninteresting as Runge had a year earlier and assigned it a low priority for development. By the summer they had built a working experimental unit in the <span class="nowrap">50 cm</span> band that was able to generate strong returns off a target <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52</a>. By the next summer, the experimental set-up had been developed into a prototype known as the <i>Darmstadt</i>, which offered a range accuracy of 50&#160;m (160&#160;ft) at 5&#160;km (3.1&#160;mi), not nearly enough for gun laying. Attitudes changed in late 1938, when a full development contract was received from the <i>Luftwaffe</i>. </p><p>The resulting system, known as the <i>FuMG 62</i>, as well as the prototype system <i>FuMG 39T Darmstadt</i> were demonstrated to <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rechlin-L%C3%A4rz_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechlin-Lärz Airfield">Rechlin</a> in July 1939. The Telefunken team developed an accurate system based on a <a href="/wiki/Klystron" title="Klystron">klystron</a> <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a> tube operating in the range of <span class="nowrap">54–53 cm</span> <span class="nowrap">(553–566 MHz)</span>—an extremely short wavelength for the time—with a pulse length of 2 microseconds, a peak power of <span class="nowrap">7–11 kW</span> and a <a href="/wiki/Pulse-repetition_frequency" title="Pulse-repetition frequency">pulse repetition frequency</a> (PRF) of 3,750&#160;Hz. It had a maximum range of about 29&#160;km (18&#160;mi) and was accurate to about 25&#160;m (82&#160;ft) in range. Würzburg used a 3&#160;m (10&#160;ft) paraboloid dish antenna, which could be "folded" along the horizontal midline for travel on a wheeled trailer. The system was first accepted into service in 1940 and <span class="nowrap">4,000 of</span> this basic layout were delivered.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_models">Operational models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Operational models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A,_Frankreich,_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6660-27A%2C_Frankreich%2C_Radarger%C3%A4t_%22W%C3%BCrzburg%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Würzburg D in use. The <i>quirl</i> conical scanning antenna is prominent.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several versions of the basic Würzburg system were deployed over the course of the war. The first, <i>Würzburg A</i>, was operated manually and required the operators to pinpoint the target by maintaining a maximum signal on their <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscope</a> display. Since the signal strength changed on its own for various reasons as well as being on or off target, this was inaccurate and generally required the use of a <a href="/wiki/Searchlight" title="Searchlight">searchlight</a> to spot the target once the radar had settled on an approximate position. Nevertheless, one of the first Würzburgs in service directly assisted in the shooting-down of an aircraft in May 1940 by orally relaying commands to a flak unit. An experimental <i>Würzburg B</i> added an <a href="/wiki/Infra-red" class="mw-redirect" title="Infra-red">infra-red</a> detector for fine tuning, but in general these devices proved to be unusable and production was discontinued. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg/220px-W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg/330px-W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg/440px-W%C3%BCrzburg.Radar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Würzburg A folded for travel. Note the simple antenna system.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Würzburg C</i> featured <a href="/wiki/Lobe_switching" title="Lobe switching">lobe switching</a> to improve aiming accuracy. It sent the signal out of one of two dipole antennas placed slightly on either side of the centreline of the parabolic reflector. The signal was switched rapidly between the two dipoles, sending the signal slightly to one side of the line of sight or the other. After slightly delaying the signal from one of the dipoles, the returns were sent to an oscilloscope display. The result appeared as two closely separated <i>blips</i> which the operator attempted to keep at the same height on the display by turning the antenna towards the shorter blip. This system offered much faster feedback on changes in the target position and operators could achieve accuracy on the order of a degree. Changes in signal strength, due to changes in the reflection of the target, affected both lobes equally, eliminating common reading errors. An almost identical system was used in the United States's first gun-laying radar, the <a href="/wiki/SCR-268_radar" title="SCR-268 radar">SCR-268</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg/220px-Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg/330px-Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg/440px-Wuerzburg_radar_quirl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Details of the rotating <i>quirl</i> dipole. The flat disk on the left, the reflector, faces the target. The rotating dipole broadcasts toward the reflector, which reflects the signal to the right. The main antenna dish would be positioned out of frame on the right, where it would focus the signal into a narrow beam facing the target.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Würzburg D</i> was introduced in 1941 and added a <a href="/wiki/Conical_scanning" title="Conical scanning">conical scanning</a> system using an offset receiver feed called a <i>Quirl</i> (German for <a href="/wiki/Whisk" title="Whisk">whisk</a>) that spun at <span class="nowrap">25 Hz.</span> The resulting signal was slightly offset from the centreline of the dish, rotating around the axis and overlapping it in the center. If the target aircraft was entered in the line of sight the signal was steady, but if it was off-axis the strength would increase and decrease. The timing of the increases indicated the direction of the aircraft relative to the centreline. Because this variation in signal was present even when the antenna was very close to centered, the angular resolution was smaller than the beamwidth of the antenna, leading to greatly improved accuracy on the order of 0.2&#160;degrees in azimuth and 0.3&#160;degrees in elevation. Earlier examples were generally upgraded to the D model in the field. </p><p>Even the D model was not accurate enough for direct laying of guns. In order to provide the system with much greater accuracy, the <i>FuMG 65 Würzburg-Riese</i> (known as the "Giant Würzburg") was developed. Based on the same receiver circuitry and displays as the D model, the new version featured a much larger 7.4&#160;m (24&#160;ft) antenna and a more powerful transmitter giving a range of up to 70&#160;km (43&#160;mi). Azimuth and elevation accuracy was 0.1-0.2&#160;degrees, which was enough for direct gun-laying. The system was too large to be carried on a truck trailer and was adapted for operation from a railway carriage as the <i>Würzburg-Riese-E</i>, of which 1,500 were produced during the war. The <i>Würzburg-Riese Gigant</i> was a very large version with a 160&#160;kW transmitter, which never entered production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countermeasures">Countermeasures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Countermeasures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the radar was one of the most common in German use, the British spent considerable effort countering the system during the war. In February 1942, a Würzburg-A system at <a href="/wiki/Bruneval" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneval">Bruneval</a> on the coast of France was captured by <a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_Parachute_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment">British paratroopers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Biting" title="Operation Biting">Operation Biting</a>. Several key components were returned to the UK, which allowed the operational parameters of the system to be accurately determined. This led to the modification of existing transmitter systems to produce the "Carpet" system that broadcast noise on the frequencies used by particular Würzburg systems.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Several updated versions of Carpet were introduced; Carpet II was the primary UK version while Carpet III was its US-built counterpart.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bellicose" title="Operation Bellicose">Operation Bellicose</a> bombed the suspected Würzburg radar factory. The <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Peenem%C3%BCnde_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II">Operation Hydra</a> bombing of <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a> did not affect the nearby Giant Würzburg at the <a href="/wiki/Lubmin" title="Lubmin">Lubmin</a> guidance and control station used for the <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ordway_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ordway-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_use_in_astronomy">Post-war use in astronomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war use in astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch scientists brought several of the surplus German coastal Würzburg radars to the Radio Transmitting Station in <a href="/wiki/Kootwijk" title="Kootwijk">Kootwijk</a>, Netherlands in the early 1950s. There, they were used in experiments important in the development of early <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio astronomy</a>, specifically the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_line" title="Hydrogen line">Hydrogen line</a> and subsequent mapping of the spiral arms of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Milky Way Galaxy">Milky Way Galaxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>German radar equipment including two Würzburg antennas (obtained from <a href="/wiki/RAE_Farnborough" class="mw-redirect" title="RAE Farnborough">RAE Farnborough</a>) was used by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Vonberg" title="Derek Vonberg">Derek Vonberg</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a> from 1945 to observe <a href="/wiki/Sunspot" title="Sunspot">sunspots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two FuSE 65 Würzburg radars were installed around 1956 at the <a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ejov_Observatory" title="Ondřejov Observatory">Ondřejov Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. The first radar served until 1994 to measure solar radiation flux, and later was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Military_museum_Le%C5%A1any" class="mw-redirect" title="Military museum Lešany">Military museum Lešany</a>. The second radar was used to measure solar spectrum in range 100-1000 MHz. Later it was used only for occasional experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_electronic_warfare_equipment" title="List of World War II electronic warfare equipment">List of World War II electronic warfare equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_night_fighter_direction_vessel_Togo" title="German night fighter direction vessel Togo">German night fighter direction vessel Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrice2003" class="citation journal cs1">Price, Alfred (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-28-Seminar-Electronic-Warfare.pdf">"A new look at 'The Wizard War'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Air Force Historical Society</i> (28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Royal+Air+Force+Historical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+%27The+Wizard+War%27&amp;rft.issue=28&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.aulast=Price&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fresearch%2FRAF-Historical-Society-Journals%2FJournal-28-Seminar-Electronic-Warfare.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C3%BCrzburg+radar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qsl.net/pe1ngz/airforce/airforce-raf/raf-jamming.html#Carpet+II">"EW - Jamming devices"</a>. <i>www.qsl.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.qsl.net&amp;rft.atitle=EW+-+Jamming+devices&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qsl.net%2Fpe1ngz%2Fairforce%2Fairforce-raf%2Fraf-jamming.html%23Carpet%2BII&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C3%BCrzburg+radar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ordway-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ordway_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrdwaySharpe,_Mitchell_R." class="citation book cs1">Ordway, Frederick I. III; Sharpe, Mitchell R. <i>The Rocket Team</i>. Apogee Books Space Series 36. p.&#160;292.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rocket+Team&amp;rft.series=Apogee+Books+Space+Series+36&amp;rft.pages=292&amp;rft.aulast=Ordway&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederick+I.+III&amp;rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Mitchell+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C3%BCrzburg+radar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo van Woerden and Richard G. Strom. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage , 9(1), 3-20 (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lightcurvefilms.com/spiralgalaxy/nl/pubs/Radiosterrenkunde_NL_JAHH9_2006.pdf">http://www.lightcurvefilms.com/spiralgalaxy/nl/pubs/Radiosterrenkunde_NL_JAHH9_2006.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CAVMAG - News from the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>, August 2015, Page 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fronta.cz/fotogalerie/observator-ondrejov-radary-wurzburg">Article and photogallery about Würzburg radars at Ondřejov Observatory</a> (in Czech)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pilotinfo.cz/z-historie/muzea/novy-exponat-vojenskeho-historickeho-ustavu-nemecky-radar-wurzburg-riese">Würzburg in military museum Lešany</a> (in Czech)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwords1986" class="citation book cs1">Swords, Sean S. (1986). <i>Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar</i>. London: IEE/Peter Peregrinus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86341-043-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86341-043-X"><bdi>0-86341-043-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Technical+History+of+the+Beginnings+of+Radar&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=IEE%2FPeter+Peregrinus&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=0-86341-043-X&amp;rft.aulast=Swords&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C3%BCrzburg+radar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_(radar)" class="extiw" title="commons:Würzburg (radar)"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Würzburg (radar)</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz_07.html#m4">ORIGINS OF GERMAN RADAR: SEETAKT, FREYA, WUERZBURG</a>. There is an open source verification for this text on the home page <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectorsite.net/index.html">Greg Goebel / In The Public Domain</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radarworld.org/germany.html">Radar Development in Germany</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radarworld.org/about.html">Radar World</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radarworld.org/radarwar.pdf">The Radar War (PDF)</a> by Gehard Hepcke, translated into English By Hannah Liebmann on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radarworld.org/about.html">Radar World</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/en/german_radar.html">MUSEUM "WAALSDORP" - Radio Communication with an antenna built during World War II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.campevans.org/news/171-camp-evans-played-role-in-wwii-countermeasures-cs-2003-06-05">A captured Würzburg radar unit is used to develop World War II countermeasures</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_radars_of_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_radars_of_World_War_II" title="Template:German radars of World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_radars_of_World_War_II" title="Template talk:German radars of World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_radars_of_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German radars of World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_radars_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radar_in_World_War_II#Germany" title="Radar in World War II">German radars</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe_and_Kriegsmarine_radar_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine radar equipment of World War II">Aerial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FuG_200_Hohentwiel" title="FuG 200 Hohentwiel">Hohentwiel ASV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenstein_radar" title="Lichtenstein radar">Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptun_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun radar">Neptun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuG_224_Berlin_A" title="FuG 224 Berlin A">Berlin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuG_240_Berlin" title="FuG 240 Berlin">Berlin N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Land-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freya_radar" title="Freya radar">Freya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss_radar" title="Jagdschloss radar">Jagdschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammut_radar" title="Mammut radar">Mammut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassermann_radar" title="Wassermann radar">Wassermann</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe_and_Kriegsmarine_radar_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine radar equipment of World War II">Naval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seetakt_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Seetakt radar">Seetakt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuMO_21_radar" title="FuMO 21 radar">FuMO 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuMO_24_radar" title="FuMO 24 radar">FuMO 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuG_200_Hohentwiel#Naval_use" title="FuG 200 Hohentwiel">Hohentwiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuG_224_Berlin_A#Naval_Developments" title="FuG 224 Berlin A">FuMO 81, 83 and 84</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_electronic_warfare_equipment" title="List of World War II electronic warfare equipment">List of World War II electronic warfare equipment</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐55db797859‐9vtrj Cached time: 20241218031733 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.450 seconds Real time usage: 0.545 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1344/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27002/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2399/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26085/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.324/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 21447023/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 490.491 1 -total 20.38% 99.940 1 Template:Lang 18.84% 92.384 1 Template:Reflist 15.37% 75.397 1 Template:Infobox_Radar 15.28% 74.944 1 Template:German_radars_of_World_War_II 14.64% 71.811 1 Template:Military_navigation 14.57% 71.445 1 Template:Cite_journal 14.21% 69.685 1 Template:Infobox 12.59% 61.764 1 Template:Short_description 7.67% 37.608 1 Template:Commons --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:981779:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241218031733 and revision id 1247169468. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Würzburg_radar&amp;oldid=1247169468">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Würzburg_radar&amp;oldid=1247169468</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_German_radars" title="Category:World War II German radars">World War II German radars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_radar_networks" title="Category:Military radar networks">Military radar networks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gun_laying_radars" title="Category:Gun laying radars">Gun laying radars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_introduced_from_1940_to_1944" title="Category:Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944">Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 September 2024, at 04:02<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W%C3%BCrzburg_radar&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c89c976df-xjnt9","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.450","walltime":"0.545","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1344,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":27002,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2399,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":26085,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 490.491 1 -total"," 20.38% 99.940 1 Template:Lang"," 18.84% 92.384 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.37% 75.397 1 Template:Infobox_Radar"," 15.28% 74.944 1 Template:German_radars_of_World_War_II"," 14.64% 71.811 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 14.57% 71.445 1 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.21% 69.685 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.59% 61.764 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.67% 37.608 1 Template:Commons"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.324","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21447023,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-9vtrj","timestamp":"20241218031733","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"W\u00fcrzburg radar","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1849277","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1849277","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-13T10:51:14Z","dateModified":"2024-09-23T04:02:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/84\/W%C3%BCrzburg-Riese_at_Gatow.JPG","headline":"primary ground-based gun laying radar for both the Luftwaffe and the Wehrmacht during World War II"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10