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<span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arctic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arctic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Arctic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arctic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia-Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia-Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Asia-Pacific</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-Pacific-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia-Pacific subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austronesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austronesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Austronesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austronesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia_and_Mainland_Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia_and_Mainland_Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>East Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia_and_Mainland_Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stilt house</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfahlbau" title="Pfahlbau – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pfahlbau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umah_Panggung" title="Umah Panggung – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Umah Panggung" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%91" title="Палевае жыллё – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палевае жыллё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Наколно жилище – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наколно жилище" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojenica" title="Sojenica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sojenica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafit" title="Palafit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palafit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyndy" title="Llyndy – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyndy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfahlbau" title="Pfahlbau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pfahlbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafito" title="Palafito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palafito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafito" title="Palafito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palafito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafito" title="Palafito – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palafito" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="آبسرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبسرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_lacustre" title="Cité lacustre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cité lacustre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafita" title="Palafita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palafita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%83%81_%EA%B0%80%EC%98%A5" title="호상 가옥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호상 가옥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojenica" title="Sojenica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sojenica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisarodomo" title="Palisarodomo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palisarodomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_panggung" title="Rumah panggung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumah panggung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafitta" title="Palafitta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palafitta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בתי כלונסאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בתי כלונסאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafito" title="Palafito – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Palafito" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolhoes" title="Paolhoes – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Paolhoes" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_bertiang_tinggi" title="Rumah bertiang tinggi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rumah bertiang tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paalwoning_(bouwwerk)" title="Paalwoning (bouwwerk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paalwoning (bouwwerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%8A%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%8F%E5%B1%85" title="高床式住居 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高床式住居" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5lebygning" title="Pålebygning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pålebygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafit" title="Palafit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palafit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafita" title="Palafita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palafita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafit%C4%83" title="Palafită – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palafită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Свайное жилище – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свайное жилище" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendbanimet_palafite" title="Vendbanimet palafite – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vendbanimet palafite" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palafitta" title="Palafitta – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Palafitta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stilt house" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koli%C5%A1%C4%8Da" title="Kolišča – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolišča" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сојеница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сојеница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojenice" title="Sojenice – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sojenice" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5lbyggnader" title="Pålbyggnader – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pålbyggnader" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கால் வீடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கால் வீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Пальові будівлі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пальові будівлі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82afita" title="Pałafita – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pałafita" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_s%C3%A0n" title="Nhà sàn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà sàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A2%E5%B1%85" title="巢居 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巢居" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%AC%84%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="干欄式建築 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="干欄式建築" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%85%B3%E5%B1%8B" title="高腳屋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高腳屋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%AC%84%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="干欄式建築 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="干欄式建築" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Houses raised on piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg/300px-Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg/450px-Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg/600px-Inle-Yawnghwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>City of <a href="/wiki/Nyaungshwe_Township" title="Nyaungshwe Township">Yawnghwe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Inle_Lake" title="Inle Lake">Inle Lake</a>, Myanmar</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Stilt houses</b> (also called <b>pile dwellings</b> or <b>lake dwellings</b>) are houses raised on <a href="/wiki/Stilts_(architecture)" title="Stilts (architecture)">stilts</a> (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">body of water</a>. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against <a href="/wiki/Flooding" class="mw-redirect" title="Flooding">flooding</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Bush2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bush2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they also keep out <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Experts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Experts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stilt houses are commonly found in Southeast Asia, Oceania, Central America, the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast of the United States, northern parts of South America, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and the Maldives. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stilted <a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">granaries</a> are also a common feature in West Africa, e.g., in the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Malinke</a> language regions of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Americas">Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:325px;max-width:325px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PalafitosCastro2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PalafitosCastro2016.jpg/160px-PalafitosCastro2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PalafitosCastro2016.jpg/240px-PalafitosCastro2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PalafitosCastro2016.jpg/320px-PalafitosCastro2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Palafitos in <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a>, Chile</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg/157px-Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg/236px-Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg/314px-Elevated_houses_on_river_in_Iowa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4673" data-file-height="3552" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Stilt houses on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River" title="Upper Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Stilt houses were also built by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian times</a>. <i>Palafitos</i> are especially widespread along the banks of the tropical river valleys of South America, notably the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco</a> river systems. Stilt houses were such a prevalent feature along the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo" title="Lake Maracaibo">Lake Maracaibo</a> that <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> was inspired to name the region "Venezuela" (little Venice). As the costs of hurricane damage increase, more and more houses along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a> are being built as or converted to stilt houses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stilt houses are also still common in parts of the <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Brazil">northern Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-Robinson1996_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">bayou</a> parts of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a> and the hurricane prone <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a> and South Carolina <a href="/wiki/Lowcountry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arctic">Arctic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arctic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamchadals.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kamchadals.gif/220px-Kamchadals.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kamchadals.gif/330px-Kamchadals.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Kamchadals.gif 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Summer family dwellings of the natives of the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a> (Russia) called <a href="/wiki/Itelmens" title="Itelmens">Itelmens</a> or Kamchadals. Their winter dwellings were earth-sheltered and communal.</figcaption></figure> <p>Houses where <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> is present, in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>, are built on stilts to keep permafrost under them from melting. Permafrost can be up to 70% water. While frozen, it provides a stable foundation. However, if heat radiating from the bottom of a home melts the permafrost, the home goes out of level and starts sinking into the ground. Other means of keeping the permafrost from melting are available, but raising the home off the ground on stilts is one of the most effective ways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Asia-Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austronesia">Austronesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Austronesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Architecture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples § Architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg/220px-Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg/330px-Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg/440px-Traditional_stilt_houses_in_Bangaan_of_the_Ifugao_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The raised <i>bale</i> houses of the <a href="/wiki/Ifugao_people" title="Ifugao people">Ifugao people</a> with capped house posts are believed to be derived from the designs of traditional <a href="/wiki/Granaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Granaries">granaries</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sato1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sato1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Raised rectangular houses are one of the cultural hallmarks of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> and are found throughout the regions in <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> settled by Austronesians. The structures are raised on piles, usually with the space underneath also utilized for storage or <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_animals_of_Austronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated animals of Austronesia">domestic animals</a>. The raised design had multiple advantages, they mitigate damage during flooding and (in very tall examples) can act as defensive structures during conflicts. The house posts are also distinctively capped with larger-diameter discs at the top, to prevent vermin and pests from entering the structures by climbing them. Austronesian houses and other structures are usually built in wetlands and alongside bodies of water, but can also be built in the highlands or even directly on shallow water.<sup id="cite_ref-Rainbird2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rainbird2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sato1991_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sato1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arbi2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arbi2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bin_Tajudeen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bin_Tajudeen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg/170px-Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg/255px-Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg/340px-Chamorrohaus_Rekonstruktion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">Latte period</a> <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> buildings raised on capped stone pillars called <i>haligi</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Building structures on pilings is believed to be derived from the design of raised rice <a href="/wiki/Granaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Granaries">granaries</a> and storehouses, which are highly important status symbols among the ancestrally rice-cultivating Austronesians.<sup id="cite_ref-Sato1991_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sato1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bin_Tajudeen_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bin_Tajudeen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rice granary shrine was also the archetypal religious building among Austronesian cultures and was used to store carvings of ancestor spirits and local deities.<sup id="cite_ref-bin_Tajudeen_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bin_Tajudeen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While rice cultivation wasn't among the technologies carried into <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a>, raised storehouses still survived. The <i>pātaka</i> of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a> is such an example. The largest <i>pātaka</i> are elaborately adorned with carvings and are often the tallest buildings in the Māori <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a></i>. They were used to store implements, weapons, ships, and other valuables; while smaller <i>pātaka</i> were used to store provisions. A special type of <i>pātaka</i> supported by a single tall post also had ritual importance and were used to isolate high-born children during their training for leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Sato1991_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sato1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of Austronesian structures are not permanent. They are made from perishable materials like wood, bamboo, plant fiber, and leaves. Because of this, archaeological records of prehistoric Austronesian structures are usually limited to traces of house posts, with no way of determining the original building plans.<sup id="cite_ref-Lico2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lico2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indirect evidence of traditional Austronesian architecture, however, can be gleaned from their contemporary representations in art, like in <a href="/wiki/Friezes" class="mw-redirect" title="Friezes">friezes</a> on the walls of later <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Hindu-Buddhist</a> stone temples (like in reliefs in <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>). But these are limited to the recent centuries. They can also be reconstructed linguistically from shared terms for architectural elements, like ridge-poles, thatch, rafters, house posts, hearth, notched log ladders, storage racks, public buildings, and so on. Linguistic evidence also makes it clear that stilt houses were already present among Austronesian groups since at least the <a href="/wiki/Late_Neolithic" title="Late Neolithic">Late Neolithic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arbi2013_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arbi2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bin_Tajudeen_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bin_Tajudeen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 20th century, stilt houses in extremely calm ocean water became a popular form of tourist lodging known as <a href="/wiki/Bungalow#Overwater_bungalow" title="Bungalow">overwater bungalows</a>; the trend began in <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> and quickly spread to other tourist locations, especially in tropical locales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia_and_Mainland_Southeast_Asia">East Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stilt houses in China known as <i>guījiǎfángwū</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">龟甲房屋</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">龜甲房屋</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'turtle shell house') because Chinese stilt house structures inspired from a <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtle</a> and built over water surface (e.g. rivers). </p><p>Arbi <i>et al.</i> (2013) have also noted the striking similarities between Austronesian architecture and Japanese traditional raised architecture (<i><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">shinmei-zukuri</a></i>). Particularly the buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise Grand Shrine</a>, which contrast with the <a href="/wiki/Pit-houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit-houses">pit-houses</a> typical of the Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a>. They propose significant Neolithic contact between the people of southern Japan and Austronesians or pre-Austronesians that occurred prior to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> cultural influence to the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Arbi2013_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arbi2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rice cultivation is also believed to have been introduced to Japan from a para-Austronesian group from coastal eastern China.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbeets2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbeets2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waterson (2009) has also argued that the architectural tradition of stilt houses in eastern Asia and the Pacific is originally Austronesian, and that similar building traditions in Japan and mainland Asia (notably among <a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai">Kra-Dai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a>-speaking groups) correspond to contacts with a prehistoric Austronesian network.<sup id="cite_ref-bin_Tajudeen_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bin_Tajudeen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waterson2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waterson2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Asia, stilt houses are very common in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley" title="Brahmaputra Valley">Brahmaputra Valley</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, which is extremely prone to regional flooding from the Brahmaputra. These houses are known as <i>chang ghar</i> in <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, and as <i>kare okum</i> in <a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a>; chang ghar are traditionally built by the <a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mising people</a>, who live along the Brahmaputra. Unlike many forms of traditional architecture, including stilt architecture, in South and Southeast Asia, the construction of chang ghar is making a resurgence and increasing in popularity, as a result of climate change increasing regular flooding in Assam, and the stilts of the chang ghar is adapted to flooding in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The height of the stilts of the chang ghar is determined by the height of the water during the last major flood.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stilt houses are also popular in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_backwaters" title="Kerala backwaters">Kerala backwaters</a>, another regions with high rainfall and regular flooding from monsoons. Although stilt houses in the Kerala Backwaters have been a traditional method of house construction for many years, following the disastrous <a href="/wiki/2018_Kerala_floods" title="2018 Kerala floods">2018 floods in Kerala</a>, many more stilt houses have been constructed recently and utilize concrete as well as timber for their pillars.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italien,_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Italien%2C_Molina_di_Ledro_by_Niederkasseler_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Palafittes of <a href="/wiki/Ledro" title="Ledro">Ledro</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg/220px-Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg/330px-Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg/440px-Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of Bronze Age German stilt houses on <a href="/wiki/Pfahlbau_Museum_Unteruhldingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfahlbau Museum Unteruhldingen">Lake Constance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen" title="Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen">Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/220px--Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="542" data-mwtitle="Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg/Eisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEisenzeitliche_Seeufersiedlung_in_Traunkirchen_am_Traunsee.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Traunkirchen" title="Traunkirchen">Traunkirchen</a> at <a href="/wiki/Traunsee" title="Traunsee">Lake Traun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, archaeologists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck" title="University of Innsbruck">University of Innsbruck</a> are researching the only Iron Age lakeside settlement currently known in Austria.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Copper_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper Age">Copper Age</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, stilt-house settlements were common in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pianura_Padana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pianura Padana">Pianura Padana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terramare" class="mw-redirect" title="Terramare">Terramare</a>) regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Ertl2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ertl2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains have been found at the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_Marsh" title="Ljubljana Marsh">Ljubljana Marsh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Mondsee_(lake)" title="Mondsee (lake)">Mondsee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attersee_(lake)" title="Attersee (lake)">Attersee</a> lakes in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, for example. </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologists</a> like <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Keller_(antiquity_scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Keller (antiquity scholar)">Ferdinand Keller</a> thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Irish and Scottish <a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">crannogs</a>, but today it is clear that the majority of settlements were located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on.<sup id="cite_ref-Menotti2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menotti2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reconstructed stilt houses are shown in <a href="/wiki/Open-air_museum" title="Open-air museum">open-air museums</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pfahlbau_Museum_Unteruhldingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfahlbau Museum Unteruhldingen">Unteruhldingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> (Pfahlbauland). In June 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">prehistoric pile dwellings in six Alpine states</a> were designated as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>. A single <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> pile dwelling, the <a href="/wiki/Alvastra_stilt_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvastra stilt houses">Alvastra stilt houses</a>, has been excavated in Sweden.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> has described in his <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i> the dwellings of the "lake-dwellers" in <a href="/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom)" title="Paeonia (kingdom)">Paeonia</a> and how those were constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Alps, similar buildings, known as <a href="/wiki/Raccard" title="Raccard">raccards</a>, are still in use as granaries. In England, granaries are placed on <a href="/wiki/Staddle_stones" title="Staddle stones">staddle stones</a>, similar to stilts, to prevent mice and rats getting to the grain. </p><p>In Italy there are several stilt-houses settlements, for example the one on the <a href="/wiki/Rocca_di_Manerba_del_Garda" title="Rocca di Manerba del Garda">Rocca di Manerba del Garda</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> there used to be prehistoric stilt houses called <a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">crannogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaojiaolou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaojiaolou (page does not exist)">Diaojiaolou</a> – Stilt houses in southern China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_(building)" title="Heliotrope (building)">Heliotrope</a> – A concept house designed by <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Disch" title="Rolf Disch">Rolf Disch</a> with a single stilt, optimized for harnessing solar power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelong" title="Kelong">Kelong</a> – Built primarily for fishing, but often doubling up as offshore dwellings in the following countries: <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_hut" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa hut">Bahay Kubo</a> – The traditional house type prevalent in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</li> <li>Palafito – Found throughout South America since Pre-Columbian times. In the late 19th century, numerous palafitos were built in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> cities such as <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Chile" title="Castro, Chile">Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chonchi" title="Chonchi">Chonchi</a>, and other towns in the <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a>, and are now considered a typical element of <a href="/wiki/Chilotan_architecture" title="Chilotan architecture">Chilotan architecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_uk" title="Pang uk">Pang uk</a> – A special kind of house found in <a href="/wiki/Tai_O" title="Tai O">Tai O</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantau">Lantau</a>, Hong Kong, mainly built by <a href="/wiki/Tanka_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanka (ethnic group)">Tankas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guinea_stilt_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papua New Guinea stilt house (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea stilt house</a> – A kind of stilt house constructed by <a href="/wiki/Motuan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Motuan people">Motuans</a>, commonly found in the southern coastal area of PNG.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander</a> – Stilt house common in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia.</li> <li>Chaang Ghar – A type of stilt house built in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> state of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It is mainly found in flood-prone areas of the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra river">Brahmaputra river</a> <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra valley">valley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_stilt_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai stilt house">Thai stilt house</a> – A kind of house often built on <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a>, e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo" title="Nelumbo">lotus</a> pond.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_stilt_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnamese stilt house (page does not exist)">Vietnamese stilt house</a> – Similar to the Thai ones, except having a front door with a smaller height for religious reasons.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stilt houses as water villas are common in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Benner,_Habitation_lacustre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lakeside Dwelling (1878 painting by Emmanuel Benner)"><img alt="Lakeside Dwelling (1878 painting by Emmanuel Benner)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg/90px-Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg/135px-Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg/180px-Emmanuel_Benner%2C_Habitation_lacustre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2155" data-file-height="2875" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Dwelling" title="Lakeside Dwelling">Lakeside Dwelling</a></i> (1878 painting by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Benner" title="Emmanuel Benner">Emmanuel Benner</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maori_pataka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Māori pātaka (storehouses)"><img alt="Māori pātaka (storehouses)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_pataka.jpg/120px-Maori_pataka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_pataka.jpg/180px-Maori_pataka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Maori_pataka.jpg/240px-Maori_pataka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> <i>pātaka</i> (storehouses)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacustrine_Village.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lacustrine Village found in Lake Zurich, Switzerland"><img alt="Lacustrine Village found in Lake Zurich, Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lacustrine_Village.jpg/120px-Lacustrine_Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lacustrine_Village.jpg/180px-Lacustrine_Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lacustrine_Village.jpg/240px-Lacustrine_Village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lacustrine Village found in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumoh Aceh, Acehnese traditional house"><img alt="Rumoh Aceh, Acehnese traditional house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg/120px-Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg/180px-Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg/240px-Rumoh_Ac%C3%A8h_di_Piyeung_Datu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rumoh_Aceh" title="Rumoh Aceh">Rumoh Aceh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acehnese_people" title="Acehnese people">Acehnese</a> traditional house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maranao_Torogan_(c._1908_-_1924),_Philippines.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A torogan of the Maranao people of the Philippines (c. 1908-1924)"><img alt="A torogan of the Maranao people of the Philippines (c. 1908-1924)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg/120px-Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg/180px-Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg/240px-Maranao_Torogan_%28c._1908_-_1924%29%2C_Philippines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Torogan" title="Torogan">torogan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maranao_people" title="Maranao people">Maranao people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (c. 1908-1924)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cempa_stilthouses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt houses in Cempa, located in the Lingga Islands, Riau Islands, Indonesia"><img alt="Stilt houses in Cempa, located in the Lingga Islands, Riau Islands, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/120px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/180px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cempa_stilthouses.jpg/240px-Cempa_stilthouses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt houses in Cempa, located in the <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingga Islands">Lingga Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Riau Islands Province">Riau Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragaria_washington.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt houses along Puget Sound in Fragaria, Washington, United States"><img alt="Stilt houses along Puget Sound in Fragaria, Washington, United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Fragaria_washington.JPG/120px-Fragaria_washington.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Fragaria_washington.JPG/180px-Fragaria_washington.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Fragaria_washington.JPG/240px-Fragaria_washington.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt houses along Puget Sound in Fragaria, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bajau stilt houses over the sea in the Philippines"><img alt="Bajau stilt houses over the sea in the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg/120px-Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg/180px-Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg/240px-Philippinen_basilan_seezigeuner_ph04p69.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bajau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau">Bajau</a> stilt houses over the sea in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An African home reconstructed in Germany"><img alt="An African home reconstructed in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg/120px-Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg/180px-Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg/240px-Haus_afrika_zoo_gelsenkirchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An African home reconstructed in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bridge between stilt houses (palafito) in Colombia, in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta"><img alt="A bridge between stilt houses (palafito) in Colombia, in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg/120px-Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg/180px-Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg/240px-Puente_en_zona_de_palafitos_en_Nueva_Venecia-Sitionuevo-Magdalena-Colombia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bridge between stilt houses (<i>palafito</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A9naga_Grande_de_Santa_Marta" title="Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta">Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt house on Lake Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela"><img alt="Stilt house on Lake Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg/120px-Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg/180px-Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg/240px-Palafitos_Lago_de_Maracaibo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt house on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo" title="Lake Maracaibo">Lake Maracaibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulia" title="Zulia">Zulia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curiapolandschaft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt house on Curiapo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela"><img alt="Stilt house on Curiapo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curiapolandschaft.jpg/120px-Curiapolandschaft.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curiapolandschaft.jpg/180px-Curiapolandschaft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Curiapolandschaft.jpg/240px-Curiapolandschaft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt house on <a href="/wiki/Curiapo" title="Curiapo">Curiapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Amacuro" title="Delta Amacuro">Delta Amacuro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional stilt house in the Missolonghi Lagoon, Western Greece, Greece"><img alt="Traditional stilt house in the Missolonghi Lagoon, Western Greece, Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg/120px-Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg/180px-Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg/240px-Traditional_Messolongi_stilt_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional stilt house in the <a href="/wiki/Missolonghi_Lagoon" title="Missolonghi Lagoon">Missolonghi Lagoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Greece" title="Western Greece">Western Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt houses on Tonlé Sap Lake, Cambodia"><img alt="Stilt houses on Tonlé Sap Lake, Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG/120px-Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG/180px-Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG/240px-Tonle_Sap_stilt_houses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt houses on <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas,_May_2017_-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vacation resort in the Maldives"><img alt="Vacation resort in the Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg/120px-Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg/180px-Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg/240px-Diamonds_Thudufushi_Beach_and_Water_Villas%2C_May_2017_-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4620" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vacation resort in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcachon1Copier.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title=""Cabins on stilts", Arcachon Lagoon, France"><img alt=""Cabins on stilts", Arcachon Lagoon, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Arcachon1Copier.JPG/120px-Arcachon1Copier.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Arcachon1Copier.JPG/180px-Arcachon1Copier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Arcachon1Copier.JPG/240px-Arcachon1Copier.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Cabins on stilts", <a href="/wiki/Arcachon" title="Arcachon">Arcachon</a> Lagoon, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blethrow_Inle3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stilt houses in Inle Lake, Myanmar"><img alt="Stilt houses in Inle Lake, Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blethrow_Inle3.JPG/120px-Blethrow_Inle3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blethrow_Inle3.JPG/180px-Blethrow_Inle3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Blethrow_Inle3.JPG/240px-Blethrow_Inle3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stilt houses in <a href="/wiki/Inle_Lake" title="Inle Lake">Inle Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sharp Centre for Design at the Ontario College of Art & Design University (OCAD) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada"><img alt="The Sharp Centre for Design at the Ontario College of Art & Design University (OCAD) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ocad.jpg/90px-Ocad.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ocad.jpg/135px-Ocad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ocad.jpg/180px-Ocad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Sharp Centre for Design at the <a href="/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">Ontario College of Art & Design University (OCAD)</a> in Toronto, Ontario, Canada </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pfahlbaumuseum_Unteruhldingen" title="Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen">Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen</a> – an English-language article about the stilt house museum in Unteruhldingen, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_in_ground" title="Post in ground">Post in ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_Melayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah Melayu">Rumah Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiltsville" title="Stiltsville">Stiltsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Treehouse">Treehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_piling" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood piling">Wood pilings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bush2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bush2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBush,_David_M.2004" class="citation book cs1">Bush, David M. (June 2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingwithflorid0000bush"><i>Living with Florida's Atlantic beaches: Coastal hazards from Amelia Island to Key West</i></a></span>. Duke University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingwithflorid0000bush/page/263">263</a>–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3289-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3289-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-3289-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+with+Florida%27s+Atlantic+beaches%3A+Coastal+hazards+from+Amelia+Island+to+Key+West&rft.pages=263-264&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2004-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3289-3&rft.au=Bush%2C+David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingwithflorid0000bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Experts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Experts_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOur_Experts" class="citation book cs1">Our Experts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pjK-TG3v-GkC&pg=PA63"><i>Our Living World 5</i></a>. Ratna Sagar. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8332-295-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8332-295-9"><bdi>978-81-8332-295-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Voices&rft.atitle=India%27s+Mising+tribe+lives+in+traditional+flood-resilient+homes+to+adapt+to+climate+change&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalvoices.org%2F2022%2F02%2F09%2Findias-mising-tribe-lives-in-traditional-flood-resilient-homes-to-adapt-to-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuttoor2019" class="citation news cs1">Kuttoor, Radhakrishnan (2019-08-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/homes-that-survived-the-floods/article29262995.ece">"Homes that survived the floods"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Homes+that+survived+the+floods&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Kuttoor&rft.aufirst=Radhakrishnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkerala%2Fhomes-that-survived-the-floods%2Farticle29262995.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/stilt-houses-can-defy-floodwaters/articleshow/70666254.cms">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Stilt houses can defy floodwaters' | Kochi News - Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. TNN. Aug 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=%27Stilt+houses+can+defy+floodwaters%27+%7C+Kochi+News+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkochi%2Fstilt-houses-can-defy-floodwaters%2Farticleshow%2F70666254.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ertl2008-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ertl2008_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_W._Ertl2008" class="citation book cs1">Alan W. Ertl (15 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X9PGRaZt-zcC&pg=PA308"><i>Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration</i></a>. Universal-Publishers. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-983-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59942-983-0"><bdi>978-1-59942-983-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+an+Understanding+of+Europe%3A+A+Political+Economic+Pr%C3%A9cis+of+Continental+Integration&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-59942-983-0&rft.au=Alan+W.+Ertl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX9PGRaZt-zcC%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menotti2004-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Menotti2004_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Menotti2004" class="citation book cs1">Francesco Menotti (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8p6CHjBC1kMC&pg=PA22"><i>Living on the lake in prehistoric Europe: 150 years of lake-dwelling research</i></a>. Psychology Press. pp. 22–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31720-7"><bdi>978-0-415-31720-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+on+the+lake+in+prehistoric+Europe%3A+150+years+of+lake-dwelling+research&rft.pages=22-25&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31720-7&rft.au=Francesco+Menotti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8p6CHjBC1kMC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D16#note-link1">5.16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crannog.co.uk/what-is-a-crannog/">"What is a Crannog? – the Scottish Crannog Centre"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+Crannog%3F+%E2%80%93+the+Scottish+Crannog+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrannog.co.uk%2Fwhat-is-a-crannog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stilt_house&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stilt_houses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stilt houses">Stilt houses</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Ingersoll1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Ingersoll" title="Ernest Ingersoll">Ernest Ingersoll</a> (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lake Dwellings"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Lake_Dwellings">"Lake Dwellings" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lake+Dwellings&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rft.au=Ernest+Ingersoll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStilt+house" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:building%3Dstilt_house">View on OSM wiki</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33565#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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