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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Legendarni_počeci_i_osnivanje_države_Qin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legendarni_počeci_i_osnivanje_države_Qin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Legendarni počeci i osnivanje države Qin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legendarni_počeci_i_osnivanje_države_Qin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qin_u_razdoblju_Proljeća_i_Jeseni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qin_u_razdoblju_Proljeća_i_Jeseni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Qin u razdoblju Proljeća i Jeseni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qin_u_razdoblju_Proljeća_i_Jeseni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qin_početkom_razdoblja_Zaraćenih_država" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qin_početkom_razdoblja_Zaraćenih_država"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Qin početkom razdoblja Zaraćenih država</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qin_početkom_razdoblja_Zaraćenih_država-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reforme_u_4._stoljeću_pr._Kr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reforme_u_4._stoljeću_pr._Kr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reforme u 4. stoljeću pr. Kr.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reforme_u_4._stoljeću_pr._Kr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekspanzija_Qina_krajem_4.stoljeća_pr._Kr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekspanzija_Qina_krajem_4.stoljeća_pr._Kr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekspanzija Qina krajem 4.stoljeća pr. Kr.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekspanzija_Qina_krajem_4.stoljeća_pr._Kr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekspanzija_Qina_početkom_3._stoljeća_pr._Kr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekspanzija_Qina_početkom_3._stoljeća_pr._Kr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekspanzija Qina početkom 3. stoljeća pr. Kr.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekspanzija_Qina_početkom_3._stoljeća_pr._Kr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ujedinjenje_Kine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ujedinjenje_Kine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ujedinjenje Kine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ujedinjenje_Kine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vladari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vladari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vladari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vladari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qin (država)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 40 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="ছিন ৰাজ্য – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছিন ৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA)" title="قین (دولت) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قین (دولت)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Царства Цынь – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства Цынь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Цин (държава) – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цин (държава)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_Qin" title="Estat de Qin – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de Qin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA)" title="چین (ویلایەت) – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین (ویلایەت)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(Staat)" title="Qin (Staat) – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qin (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Qin (state)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(%C5%9Dtato)" title="Qin (ŝtato) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Qin (ŝtato)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Qin" title="Estado Qin – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Qin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%98%D9%88)" title="ایالت چین (دودمان ژو) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت چین (دودمان ژو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin" title="Qin – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Qin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Qin" title="État de Qin – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de Qin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8)" title="चिन राज्य (प्राचीन चीन) – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिन राज्य (प्राचीन चीन)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Ցին (թագավորություն) – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցին (թագավորություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(negara)" title="Qin (negara) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qin (negara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(stato)" title="Qin (stato) – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qin (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="秦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ცინის სამეფო – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცინის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84_(%EC%98%81%EC%84%B1)" title="진 (영성) – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진 (영성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cin" title="Čin – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чјин (држава) – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чјин (држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Цинь ванлиг – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цинь ванлиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(staat)" title="Qin (staat) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qin (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(stat)" title="Qin (stat) – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qin (stat)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(okres_Zhou)" title="Qin (okres Zhou) – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Qin (okres Zhou)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Chim" title="Reino de Chim – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Chim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Цинь (царство) – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цинь (царство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Qin (država) – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Qin (država)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(stat)" title="Qin (stat) – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qin (stat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐฉิน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐฉิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(devlet)" title="Qin (devlet) – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Qin (devlet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Цінь (царство) – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цінь (царство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="چن (ریاست) – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چن (ریاست)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7n_(n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc)" title="Tần (nước) – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tần (nước)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秦国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秦国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="秦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AEn-kok" title="Chîn-kok – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chîn-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="秦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice 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href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Qin_%28dr%C5%BEava%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Qin_(state)" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34756" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table style="float:right; clear:right; padding-top:0.75em; background:none; margin:0 0em 1em .25em; width:290px; text-align:center; line-height:1.4em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="infobox geography" style="width:290px; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow" align="center" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="font-size:135%;">Država Qin</b> <p>秦國<br /><i>Qín Guó</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%;">Kraljevina </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #aaa; padding: 0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em; background:#EFEFEF"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastija_Chou_(%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastija Chou (周朝) (stranica ne postoji)"><span style="font-size:300%;">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0"><b><a href="/wiki/9._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="9. stoljeće pr. Kr.">9. stoljeće pr. Kr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/221._pr._Kr." title="221. pr. Kr.">221. pr. Kr.</a></b> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:right; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Qin" title="Dinastija Qin"><span style="font-size:300%;">→</span></a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:EN-QIN260BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokacija Države Qin"><img alt="Lokacija Države Qin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EN-QIN260BCE.jpg/250px-EN-QIN260BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EN-QIN260BCE.jpg/375px-EN-QIN260BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EN-QIN260BCE.jpg/500px-EN-QIN260BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4348" /></a><figcaption>Lokacija Države Qin</figcaption></figure><small>Država Qin oko 260. pr. Kr.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad">Glavni grad</a></b> </td> <td width="50%">Qin (秦)<br />Pingyang (平陽)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yueyang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yueyang (stranica ne postoji)">Yueyang</a> (櫟陽)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xianyang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xianyang (stranica ne postoji)">Xianyang</a> (咸陽) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jezik/ci</b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starokineski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starokineski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">starokineski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Religija" title="Religija">Religija</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam">šamanizam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam">taoizam</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vlada" title="Vlada">Vlada</a></b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Kralj" title="Kralj">kralj</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - 381.-338. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Xiao_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Xiao od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Vojvoda Xiao od Qina</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - 338.-311. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huiwen_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huiwen od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Huiwen od Qina</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - 259.-210. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi">Qin Shi Huangdi</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - 229.-207. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qin_Er_Shi" title="Qin Er Shi">Qin Er Shi</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Kancelar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kancelar">kancelar</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - 390.–338. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shang_Yang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shang Yang (stranica ne postoji)">Shang Yang</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> - 280.-208. pr. Kr. </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Si (stranica ne postoji)">Li Si</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td><b>Povijest</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek">stari vijek</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - Osnovana za vrijeme vladavine legendarnog kralja <a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="9. stoljeće pr. Kr.">9. stoljeće pr. Kr.</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> - Vladar Qina, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi">Qin Shi Huangdi</a>, osnovao <a href="/wiki/Kinesko_Carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinesko Carstvo">Kinesko Carstvo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/221._pr._Kr." title="221. pr. Kr.">221. pr. Kr.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kineska_kovanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kineska kovanica (stranica ne postoji)">kineska kovanica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small><i>Han Zhaoqi (韩兆琦)</i>, ur. Shiji (史记), Zhonghua Book Company, Peking, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-7-101-07272-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-7-101-07272-3">978-7-101-07272-3</a>. <span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="kineski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Kin." class="mw-redirect" title="Kin.">kin.</a></span>)</span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Qin</b> ili <b>Ch'in</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade-Giles (stranica ne postoji)">Wade-Giles</a>) (秦), (<a href="/w/index.php?title=778._pr._Kr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="778. pr. Kr. (stranica ne postoji)">778. pr. Kr.</a>-<a href="/wiki/207._pr._Kr." title="207. pr. Kr.">207. pr. Kr.</a>) bila je <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">država</a> u doba <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razdoblje_Prolje%C4%87a_i_Jeseni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razdoblje Proljeća i Jeseni (stranica ne postoji)">razdoblje Proljeća i Jeseni</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razdoblje_Zara%C4%87enih_dr%C5%BEava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razdoblje Zaraćenih država (stranica ne postoji)">Zaraćenih država</a> u staroj <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kini</a>. S vremenom je počela dominirati Kinom i na kraju je po prvi put ujedinila kao jednu državu, nakon čega se navodi kao <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Qin" title="Dinastija Qin">dinastija Qin</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesko_prezime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinesko prezime (stranica ne postoji)">Prezime</a> njenih vladara je bilo Ying (嬴). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legendarni_počeci_i_osnivanje_države_Qin"><span id="Legendarni_po.C4.8Deci_i_osnivanje_dr.C5.BEave_Qin"></span>Legendarni počeci i osnivanje države Qin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Legendarni počeci i osnivanje države Qin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Legendarni počeci i osnivanje države Qin"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prema <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qianu</a>, povjesničaru iz 2. stoljeća pr. Kr., kuća Qin porijelo vuče od cara <a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxua</a> (jednog od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri_Uzvi%C5%A1ena_i_Pet_careva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tri Uzvišena i Pet careva (stranica ne postoji)">Pet careva</a> iz legendarnog razdoblja). Jedan od predaka, Dafei, pomogao je velikom <a href="/wiki/Yu_Veliki" title="Yu Veliki">Yuu</a> da ukroti poplavu te ga je za to <a href="/wiki/Shun_(kineski_vo%C4%91a)" title="Shun (kineski vođa)">Shun (kineski vođa)</a> nagradio prezimenom Ying. </p><p>Predaja kaže kako se za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Xia" title="Dinastija Xia">dinastija Xia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Shang" title="Dinastija Shang">Shang</a> klan Ying razdvojio na dvije grane: </p> <ul><li>zapadna, koja je živjela u Quanqiuu (犬丘 pseće brdo), kraj suvremenog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianshui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianshui (stranica ne postoji)">Tianshuia</a> u gornjem toku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_(rijeka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei (rijeka) (stranica ne postoji)">rijeke Wei</a>.</li> <li>istočna, koja je živjela istočno od <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDuta_rijeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Žuta rijeka">Žute rijeke</a>, i čiji su članovi bili preci vladara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Zhaoa</a>.</li></ul> <p>Zapadni Ying su prvi put postali plemićima u 9. stoljeću <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feizi (stranica ne postoji)">Feizi</a> od Qina je služio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Xiao_od_Zhoua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Xiao od Zhoua (stranica ne postoji)">kralja Xiao od Zhoua</a> kao kraljevski krotitelj konja, te je kao leno dobio Quanqiu (suvremeni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianshui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianshui (stranica ne postoji)">Tianshui</a>, provincija <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>) te ruku kraljevske princeze. Njihovu teritoriju su okruživale barbarske (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rong_(narod)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rong (narod) (stranica ne postoji)">Rong</a>) zemlje. U 9. stoljeću je, kako su se kvarili odnosi između <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadni_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadni Zhou (stranica ne postoji)">Zapadnog Zhoua</a> i Ronga, država Qin je od Ronga napadnuta nekoiliko puta. </p><p>Godine 771. veliki pohod Ronga je doveo do pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A0o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hào (stranica ne postoji)">Hàoa</a> (kraj suvremenog <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'ana</a> u provinciji <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), glavnog grada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadni_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadni Zhou (stranica ne postoji)">Zapadnog Zhoua</a>. Princ od Qina je pokušao pomoći Zhou kraljevima, a kasnije su njegove trupe štitile povlačenje kralja Pinga od Zhoua na istok. Kada je prijestolnica Zhoua uspostavljena u <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyangu</a>, Xiang od Qina je nagrađen s titulom <i><a href="/wiki/Bo" class="mw-disambig" title="Bo">Bo</a></i> (伯, "<a href="/wiki/Grof" title="Grof">grof</a>"), trećom razinom plemstva iza <i>Gong</i> (公, "<a href="/wiki/Vojvoda" title="Vojvoda">vojvoda</a>") i <i>Hou</i> (侯, "<a href="/wiki/Markiz" title="Markiz">markiz</a>"), te mu je obećano da će sve bivše zemlje Zhoua koje oslobodi od Ronga pripadati Qinu. To je bio poticaj budućim prinčevima Qina koji su vodili sustavne pohode protiv Ronga s ciljem proširnja svojeg teritorija na drugu stranu granice Zapadnog Zhoua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qin_u_razdoblju_Proljeća_i_Jeseni"><span id="Qin_u_razdoblju_Prolje.C4.87a_i_Jeseni"></span>Qin u razdoblju Proljeća i Jeseni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Qin u razdoblju Proljeća i Jeseni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Qin u razdoblju Proljeća i Jeseni"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vladari Qina su u razdoblju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prolje%C4%87a_i_Jeseni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proljeća i Jeseni (stranica ne postoji)">razdoblju Proljeća i Jeseni</a> (771. – 481.) bili zaokupljeni obranom od zapadnih barbara, a daleko manje su pažnje pružali odnosima s feudalnim državama centralne i istočne Kine. Jedini izuzetak je bila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Jin</a>, koja se nalazila na drugoj obali Žute rijeke. Qin je s Jinom održavao diplomatske odnose, povremeno sklapao savezništva, ali i ratujući. Početkom vladavine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Mu_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Mu od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">vojvode Mua od Qina</a> (秦穆公) je država Jin oslabila zahvaljujući dinastičkim sukobima sinova premilog vojvode Xiana od Jina (晋獻公). Kao pobjednik tih sukoba je izašao vojvoda Wei (晋惠公), a ratom oslabljenu državu Jin je hranom i drugim potrepštinama opskrbljivala država Qin. Čim se Jin oporavila, postala je agresivna prema Qinu, gdje je u to vrijeme izbila kuga. Zbog toga je izbio rat između dvije države, a Qin prestao s pohodiman na zapad. </p><p>Tijekom svojih pohoda protiv Jina, vojvoda Mu od Qina je čuo kako se u egzilu u <a href="/wiki/Chu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Chu (država)">Državi Chu</a> nalazi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chong%27er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chong'er (stranica ne postoji)">Chong'er</a> (重耳), jedan od Xianovih sinova. Vojvoda Mu je s njim stupio u kontakt, te mu pomogao doći na vlast kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Wen_od_Jina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Wen od Jina (stranica ne postoji)">vojvoda Wen od Jina</a>, nakon čega su Qin i Jin ponovno posali saveznici. Međutim, Wen je umro 628., a godinu dana kasnije, Muov pokušaj da osvoji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Zheng</a> (鄭) ga je doveo u sukob s vojvodom Xiangom od Jina (晋襄公) koji je u bitci kod Yaoa (suvremeni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luoning (stranica ne postoji)">Luoning</a> u provinciji Henan) u zasjedi nanio težak poraz vojsci Qina. Tri godine kasnije je vojvoda Mu od Qina pokrenuo osvetnički pohod protiv Jina te ga porazio. Međutim, nakon što je pokopao kosti svojih vojnika, vojvoda Mu se odlučio na mir sa svojim istočnim susjedima te se u potpunosti posvetio ratovima protiv zapadnih nomada. Zbog toga je proglašen jednim od <a href="/wiki/Pet_hegemona" title="Pet hegemona">Pet hegemona</a>. Vojska Qina nakon njega gotovo dva stoljeća više nije išla na istok. </p> <table width="18%" align="right" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #BBBBBB; margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:5px; float:right; clear:right; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:History_of_China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Povijest Kine"><img alt="Povijest Kine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/History_of_China.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="84" /></a><figcaption>Povijest Kine</figcaption></figure> <b><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kine" title="Povijest Kine">Povijest Kine</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"><b><a href="/wiki/Prapovijest_Kine" title="Prapovijest Kine">Prapovijest Kine</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" width="12%"><b><a href="/wiki/Tri_Uzvi%C5%A1ena_i_Pet_Careva" title="Tri Uzvišena i Pet Careva">3 Suverena i 5 Careva</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#DDDDDD" width="12%"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Xia" title="Dinastija Xia">Dinastija Xia</a></b><br /><small>2100. pr. Kr. – 1600. pr. Kr.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Shang" title="Dinastija Shang">Dinastija Shang</a></b><br /><small>1600. pr. Kr. – 1046. pr. Kr.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Zapadni_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Zapadni Zhou">Zapadni Zhou</a></div> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Zhou">Dinastija Zhou</a></b><br /><small>1045. pr. Kr. – 256. pr. Kr.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="12%"><a href="/wiki/Razdoblje_prolje%C4%87a_i_jeseni" title="Razdoblje proljeća i jeseni">Proljeće i jesen</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#EFEEEE" width="20%"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Isto%C4%8Dni_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Istočni Zhou">Istočni Zhou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#DDDDDD" width="12%"><a href="/wiki/Razdoblje_zara%C4%87enih_dr%C5%BEava" title="Razdoblje zaraćenih država">Zaraćene države</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Qin" title="Dinastija Qin">Dinastija Qin</a></b><br /><small>221. pr. Kr. – 206. pr. Kr.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Zapadni_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Zapadni Han">Zapadni Han</a> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Han" title="Dinastija Han">Dinastija Han</a></b><br /><small>206. pr. Kr. – 220.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Xin" title="Dinastija Xin">Dinastija Xin</a> <br /><small>9. – 23.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Isto%C4%8Dni_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Istočni Han">Istočni Han</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Tri_kraljevstva" title="Tri kraljevstva">Tri kraljevstva</a></b><br /><small>220. – 280.</small> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EFEEEE" width="12%" colspan="4"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Zapadni_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapadni Jin">Zapadni Jin</a></div> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#EFEEEE" width="20%"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Jin_(265._%E2%80%93_420.)" title="Dinastija Jin (265. – 420.)">Dinastija Jin</a></b><br /><small>265. – 420.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDDD" colspan="2"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0esnaest_kraljevstava" title="Šesnaest kraljevstava">Šesnaest kraljevstava</a></b><br /><small>304. – 439.</small></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#EFEEEE" width="12%" colspan="2"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Istočni Jin">Istočni Jin</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEne_i_Sjeverne_dinastije" title="Južne i Sjeverne dinastije">Južne i Sjeverne dinastije</a></b><br /><small>420. – 589.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Sui" title="Dinastija Sui">Dinastija Sui</a></b><br /><small>581. – 618.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Tang">Dinastija Tang</a></b><br /><small>618. – 907.</small><br />(prekinuta od <a href="/wiki/Carica_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Carica Wu">Drugog Zhoua</a>)<br /><small>690. – 705.</small> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Liao" title="Dinastija Liao">Liao</a></b><br /><small>907. – 1125.</small></div> </td> <td colspan="5" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pet_dinastija_i_Deset_kraljevstava" title="Pet dinastija i Deset kraljevstava">Pet dinastija i Deset kraljevstava</a><br /><small>907. – 960.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="16%" colspan="2"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Sjeverni_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Sjeverni Song">Sjeverni Song</a></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="16%" colspan="3"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Song">Song</a></b><br /><small>907. – 1279.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDDD" width="20%"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Jin_(1115._%E2%80%93_1234.)" title="Dinastija Jin (1115. – 1234.)">Dinastija Jin</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC" width="21%"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Xia" title="Zapadna Xia">Zapadna Xia</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="12%" colspan="2"> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Ju%C5%BEni_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Južni Song">Južni Song</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Yuan" title="Dinastija Yuan">Dinastija Yuan</a></b><br /><small>1271. – 1368.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Ming" title="Dinastija Ming">Dinastija Ming</a></b><br /><small>1368. – 1644.</small></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Qing" title="Dinastija Qing">Dinastija Qing</a></b><br /><small>1644. – 1911.</small> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><div align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Republika_Kina_(1912._%E2%80%93_1949.)" title="Republika Kina (1912. – 1949.)">Republika Kina</a></b> <br /><small>1912. – 1949.</small> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#EFEEEE"> <div align="center"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Narodne_Republike_Kine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Narodne Republike Kine (stranica ne postoji)">Narodna Republika Kina</a></b><br /> </div></td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Republike_Kine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Republike Kine (stranica ne postoji)">Republika Kina</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Tajvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajvan">Tajvan</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#DDDDDD" align="left"><small><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronologija_kineske_povijesti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronologija kineske povijesti (stranica ne postoji)">Kronologija kineske povijesti</a></li><small><li><a href="/wiki/Dinastije_u_kineskoj_povijesti" title="Dinastije u kineskoj povijesti">Dinastije u kineskoj povijesti</a></li><small><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojna_povijest_Kine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojna povijest Kine (stranica ne postoji)">Vojna povijest Kine</a></li><small><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomorska_povijest_Kine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomorska povijest Kine (stranica ne postoji)">Pomorska povijest Kine</a></li></small> </small></small></small></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;">Ovaj okvir: <a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Kine" title="Predložak:Povijest Kine"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";">vidi</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Kine&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">uredi</span></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qin_početkom_razdoblja_Zaraćenih_država"><span id="Qin_po.C4.8Detkom_razdoblja_Zara.C4.87enih_dr.C5.BEava"></span>Qin početkom razdoblja Zaraćenih država</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Qin početkom razdoblja Zaraćenih država" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Qin početkom razdoblja Zaraćenih država"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Početkom 5. stoljeća, odnosno u razdoblju koji će budući povjesničari nazvati razdoblje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razdoblje_Zara%C4%87enih_dr%C5%BEava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razdoblje Zaraćenih država (stranica ne postoji)">Zaraćenim državama</a>, Qin je bio u inferiornom položaju u odnosu na svoje istočne susjede koji su užurbano prolazili kroz veliku društvenu i kulturnu transformaciju. Razlog je djelomično bio u dome što se veliki dio stanovništva države Qin sastojao od <a href="/wiki/Sinizacija" title="Sinizacija">siniziranih</a> polubarbarskih plemena i naroda, koje su "pravi" Kinezi zvali Rong. Zbog toga su ostale kineske države na Qin gledale s omalovažavanjem. Najozbiljnija opasnost po državu Qin je, pak, u tom razdoblju, bila novostvorena država <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wei_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wei (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Wei</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nastala podjelom ranije države Jin. To je pogotovo do izražaja došlo u doba <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Qi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Qi (stranica ne postoji)">Wu Qija</a> koji je između 413. i 409. uspio zauzeti strateški važan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prijevoj_Hangu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prijevoj Hangu (stranica ne postoji)">Hanguguan</a> (函谷关), prijevoj sjeveroistočno od suvremenog Lingbaoa u provinciji Henan, ts Tongguan (潼关), prijevoj u današnjoj provinciji Shaanxi. Tako je po prvi put nakon više stoljeća Qin izgubio svoja područja zapadno od Žute rijeke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reforme_u_4._stoljeću_pr._Kr."><span id="Reforme_u_4._stolje.C4.87u_pr._Kr."></span>Reforme u 4. stoljeću pr. Kr.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Reforme u 4. stoljeću pr. Kr." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reforme u 4. stoljeću pr. Kr."><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vladari Qina su postepeno počeli uvoditi reforme s ciljem da se Qin stavi u ravnopravana položaj prema svojim istočnim susjedima. To je pogotovo bio slučaj kada je oko godine 361. na čelo Qina stao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Xiao_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Xiao od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">vojvoda Xiao od Qina</a> (秦孝公). Njegova ključna odluka je bila da na dvor pozove uglednog učenjaka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shang_Yang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shang Yang (stranica ne postoji)">Shang Yanga</a>, koga je postavio za premijera. Shang Yang, poznat kao jedan od tvoraca filozofskog pravca koji će u Kini biti poznat kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalizam_(kineska_filozofija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalizam (kineska filozofija) (stranica ne postoji)">legalizam</a>, poduzeo je niz dalekosežnih mjera s ciljem jačanja države. To se prvenstveno odnosilo na ukidanje dotadašnjeg <a href="/wiki/Feudalizam" title="Feudalizam">feudalnog</a> uređenja, odnosno uvođenje <a href="/wiki/Meritokracija" title="Meritokracija">meritokracije</a> i centraliziranog državnog aparata. Funkcionari Qina su prestali biti plemići, te su umjesto toga na njihova mjesta, prema zaslugama, postavljani i obični ljudi. Plemići su također izgubili držati vojsku, odnosno ona je došla pod neposrednu kontrolu vladara. Rezultat svega toga je bio taj da je Qin mogao mobilizirati daleko veću vojsku od svojih istočnih susjeda, kao i da je ona bila discipliniranija. Centralizirani sustav uprave je također omogućavao lakše mobiliziranje seljaka kao radne snage za velike javne radove kao što je kopanje kanala, a što je s vremenom omogućilo Qinu da razvije poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, a na temelju nje poveća svoje stanovništvo i olakša održavanje svoje sve veće vojske. Iako su reforme Shang Yanga izazvale veliko nezadovoljstvo među elitom Qina, uključujući budućeg kralja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huiwen_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huiwen od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Huiwena</a> koji je po stupanju na prijestolje dao Shang Yanga pogubiti, one nisu ukinute, jer je i sam Huiwen postao svjestan njihovih pozitivnih efekata po državu i njegovu vlast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekspanzija_Qina_krajem_4.stoljeća_pr._Kr."><span id="Ekspanzija_Qina_krajem_4.stolje.C4.87a_pr._Kr."></span>Ekspanzija Qina krajem 4.stoljeća pr. Kr.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Ekspanzija Qina krajem 4.stoljeća pr. Kr." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekspanzija Qina krajem 4.stoljeća pr. Kr."><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qinov model državne uprave je s vremenom počeo pokazivati superiornost u odnosu na ostale kineske države. Huiwen je bio toliko uvjeren u nju da se 325.proglasio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kineski_suveren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kineski suveren (stranica ne postoji)">kraljem</a>, otklonivši time i posljednje formalne tragove vjernosti nominalnim vladarima <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastija Zhou">dinastije Zhou</a>, te tako potaknuvši trend među ostalim vladarima kineskih država. Godine <a href="/w/index.php?title=318.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="318. (stranica ne postoji)">318.</a> se Qin našao suočen s koalicijom pet istočnih država - Wei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Zhao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Han</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Yan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Chu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Chu (država)">Chu</a> - ali je njihova vojska, iako prema navodima kineskih povjesničara veća od one koja je uspješno prodrla u Qin nekoliko desetljeća prije, poražena kraj prijevoja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanguguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanguguan (stranica ne postoji)">Hanguguan</a>. Otklonivši opasnost sa svojih istočnih granica, Qin je svoju pažnju usmjerio prema jugu, te je pokrenut veliki pohod tokom koga su <a href="/wiki/316." title="316.">316.</a> osvojene polubarbarske države <a href="/wiki/Shu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Shu (država)">Shu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Ba</a> na području današnje provincije <a href="/wiki/Se%C4%8Duan" title="Sečuan">Sečuan</a>. Time je Qin stekao nove teritorije uzvodno u dolini rijeke <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> a do njih su, za razliku od Qina, vojske suparničkih država teško mogle prodrijeti. Qin je tako stekao pouzdani izvor hrane, sirovina i ljudstva, a s njime i ključnu prednost u odnosu na ostale kineske države. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekspanzija_Qina_početkom_3._stoljeća_pr._Kr."><span id="Ekspanzija_Qina_po.C4.8Detkom_3._stolje.C4.87a_pr._Kr."></span>Ekspanzija Qina početkom 3. stoljeća pr. Kr.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Ekspanzija Qina početkom 3. stoljeća pr. Kr." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekspanzija Qina početkom 3. stoljeća pr. Kr."><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prva velika kineska država koja se suočila s demonstracijom nove moći Qina bila je Chu. Kralj Huiwen je, na prijedlog svog premijera Zhang Yija (張儀), pokrenuo veliki vojni pohod koji je rezultirao nizom vojnih uspjeha od kojih je najspektakularniji bio zarobljavanje kralja Huaia od Chua godine <a href="/wiki/299._pr._Kr." title="299. pr. Kr.">299. pr. Kr.</a> Qin je uspio zauzeti i prijestolnicu Chua, ostaci čije vojske i uprave su se povukli na istok. </p><p>Novi vladar Qina, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Zhaoxiang_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Zhaoxiang od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">kralj Zhaoxiang od Qina</a>, je pažnju svoje države, odnosno njenu ekspanziju, usmjerio na sjever. U tu je svrhu sklopljen savez s državom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qi_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qi (država) (stranica ne postoji)">Qi</a>, te su se tako glavni suparnici Qina - države Han i Wei - našle suočene s ratom na dva fronta. One su postepeno počele gubiti teritorije, te su reducirane na svojevrsne tampon-države između Qina i preostalih velesila drevne Kine, prije svega države Zhao. 260-ih pr. Kr. je borba za dominacija s njima Zhaoxianga dovela u sukob sa Zhaoom, koji će prerasti u epsku dvogodišnju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Changpinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Changpinga (stranica ne postoji)">bitku kod Changpinga</a>. Ona je, zahvaljujući totalnoj mobilizaciji Qina i talentu beskrupuloznog vojskovođe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bai_Qi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bai Qi (stranica ne postoji)">Bai Qija</a> godine 260. pr. Kr. završena porazom Zhaoa, ali ga Qin nije mogao iskoristiti zbog svađe između Bai Qija i premijera Fan Jua. Neuspjeh snaga Qina da zauzmu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handan (stranica ne postoji)">Handan</a>, prijestolnicu Zhaoa, kao i dolazak snaga država Chu i Wei u pomoć Zhaoa, doveo je godine 257. pr. Kr. do mirovnog ugovora kojim je Qin izgubio dio svojih novoosvojenih teritorija, te je njegova ekspanzija tako bila privremeno zaustavljena. Međutim, već sljedeće godine su trupe Qina zauzele <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> i odatle otjerale posljednjeg nominalnog kineskog vladara iz dinastije Zhou, označivši tako njen kraj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ujedinjenje_Kine">Ujedinjenje Kine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Ujedinjenje Kine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ujedinjenje Kine"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ključna godina za državu Qin, ali i ostatak Kine, bila je 247. pr. Kr. kada je na prijestolje stupio trinaestogodišnji Ying Zheng, koji se nazvao Qin Shi Huang Di, a koji je rane godine svoje vladavine posvetio pripremama za konačni obračun s preostalih šest od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedam_zara%C4%87enih_dr%C5%BEava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedam zaraćenih država (stranica ne postoji)">Sedam zaraćenih država</a> koje su tada vladale područjem nekadašnje dinastije Zhou. One su urodile plodom kada je 230. pr. Kr. Qin napao i anektirao državu Han, a potom 228. i državu Zhao, koja se još uvijek oporavila od strahovitih gubitaka u bitci kod Changpinga. Potom je 225. slijedio i stari neprijatelj Qina - država Wei. </p><p>Za razliku od ranije tri države, koje su već bile oslabljene, Ying Zheng je za sljedeću metu odabrao Chu, koja je usprkos gubitaka u ratu s Qinom početkom stoljeća, bila moćnija. Prvi pokušaj - 225. - nije urodio, ali je sljedeći pohod doveo do rušenja i aneksije Chua. Qin je potom 223. napao i državu Yan, dok se najistočnija i najudaljenija država Qi predala bez borbe. Nakon toga se Zheng od Qina proglasio ne samo kraljem Qina, nego i prvim carem cijele Kine, preuzevši titulu dotada rezeviranu za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri_Uzvi%C5%A1ena_i_Pet_careva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tri Uzvišena i Pet careva (stranica ne postoji)">mitske vladare iz daleke kineske prošlosti</a>. Nju su otada, s manjim prekidima, koristili svi kineski vladari do pada <a href="/wiki/Dinastija_Qing" title="Dinastija Qing">dinastije Qing</a> i uspostave republike 1911. Zheng je potom, koristeći izuzetno brutalne metode, standardizirao pismo, mjere i jezik na osvojenim područjima, stvorivši time temelj jedinstva ne samo kineske države, nego i nacije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vladari">Vladari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Vladari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vladari"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svi datumi odgovaraju podacima iz 14. i 15. poglavlja <a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shijija</a>. </p> <ol><li>Qin Zhong (秦仲), vladao 845. pr. Kr. - 822. pr. Kr.: praunuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feizi (stranica ne postoji)">Feizija</a></li> <li>Vojvoda Zhuang (莊公), vladao 822. pr. Kr. - 778. pr. Kr.: Ying Ye (也), sin Qin Zhonga</li> <li>Vojvoda Xiang (襄公), vladao 778. pr. Kr. - 766. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Zhuanga</li> <li>Vojvoda Wen (文公), vladao 766. pr. Kr. - 716. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Ning (寧公), vladao 716. pr. Kr. - 704. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Princ Chu (出子), vladao 704. pr. Kr. - 698. pr. Kr., uzurpator, zato nije dobio postumnu vojvodsku titulu</li> <li>Vojvoda Wu (武公), vladao 698. pr. Kr. - 678. ppr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Ninga</li> <li>Vojvoda De (德公), vladao 678. pr. Kr. - 676. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Ninga; mlađi brat Vojvode Wua</li> <li>Vojvoda Xuan (宣公), vladao 676. pr. Kr. - 664. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Dea</li> <li>Vojvoda Cheng (成公), vladao 664. pr. Kr. - 660. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Dea; mlađi brat Vojvode Xuana</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Mu_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Mu od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Vojvoda Mu</a> (穆公), Ying Renhao (任好), vladao 660. pr. Kr. - 621. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Dea; mlađi brat Vojvode Chenga</li> <li>Vojvoda Kang (康公) : Ying Ying (罃), vladao 621. pr. Kr. - 609. pr. Kr.sin Vojvode Mua</li> <li>Vojvoda Gong (共公): Ying Dao (稻), vladao 609. pr. Kr. - 604. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Huan (桓公): Ying Rong (榮), vladao 604. pr. Kr. - 577. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Jing (景公): Ying Hou (後), vladao 577. pr. Kr. - 537. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Ai (哀公), vladao 537. pr. Kr. - 501. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Hui (惠公), vladao 501. pr. Kr. - 491. pr. Kr.: unuk Vojvode Aija; sin postumno imenovanog Vojvode Yija (sina Vojvode Aija)</li> <li>Vojvoda Dao (悼公), vladao 491. pr. Kr. - 477. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Li (厲公): Ying Ci (刺), vladao 477. pr. Kr. - 443. pr. Kr.</li> <li>Vojvoda Zao (躁公), vladao 443. pr. Kr. - 429. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Lija</li> <li>Vojvoda Huai (懷公), vladao 429. pr. Kr. - 425. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Lija; mlađi brat Vojvode Zaoa</li> <li>Vojvoda Ling (靈公): Ying Su (肅), vladao 425. pr. Kr. - 415. pr. Kr.: unuk Vojvode Huaija</li> <li>Vojvoda Jian (簡公): Ying Daozi (悼子), vladao 415. pr. Kr. - 400. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Huaija; unuk Vojvode Linga</li> <li>Vojvoda Hui II (惠公), vladao 400. pr. Kr. - 387. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Jiana</li> <li>Vojvoda Chu (出公), vladao 387. pr. Kr. - 385. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Huija II</li> <li>Vojvoda Xian (獻公): Ying Shiti (師隰), vladao 385. pr. Kr. - 362. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Linga</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vojvoda_Xiao_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vojvoda Xiao od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Vojvoda Xiao</a> (孝公), vladao 362. pr. Kr. - 338. pr. Kr.: sin Vojvode Xiana</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Huiwen_of_Qin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Huiwen of Qin (stranica ne postoji)">Kralj Huiwen</a> (惠文王), vladao 338. pr. Kr.- 311. pr. Kr., poznat i kao Kralj Hui (惠王): Ying Si (嬴駟), počeo koristiti kraljevsku titulu 325. pr. Kr.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Wu_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Wu od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Kralj Wu</a> (武王): Ying Dang (蕩), vladao pr. Kr.- pr. Kr. sin Kralja Huiwena</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Zhaoxiang_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Zhaoxiang od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Kralj Zhaoxiang</a> (昭襄王): Ying Ze (则) or Ying Ji (稷), vladao pr. Kr.- pr. Kr. poznat i kao Kralj Zhao: sin Kralja Huiwena, mlađi brat Kralja Wua</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Xiaowen_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Xiaowen od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Kralj Xiaowen</a> (孝文王): Ying Zhu (柱), vladao pr. Kr.- pr. Kr.: sin Kralja Zhaoxianga</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kralj_Zhuangxiang_od_Qina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kralj Zhuangxiang od Qina (stranica ne postoji)">Kralj Zhuangxiang</a> (荘襄王):Ying Zichu (子楚), vladao pr. Kr.- pr. Kr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> (秦始皇): Ying Zheng (政), vladao 247. pr. Kr. - pr. Kr.(kao kralj Qina (秦王) do pr. Kr.,kao Prvi car (始皇帝) od <a href="/wiki/221._pr._Kr." title="221. pr. Kr.">221. pr. Kr.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Er_Shi" title="Qin Er Shi">Qin Er Shi</a> (秦二世): Ying Huhai (胡亥), vladao <a href="/wiki/210._pr._Kr." title="210. pr. Kr.">210. pr. Kr.</a> - <a href="/wiki/207._pr._Kr." title="207. pr. Kr.">207. pr. Kr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziying" title="Ziying">Ziying</a> (子嬰), vladao <a href="/wiki/207._pr._Kr." title="207. pr. Kr.">207. pr. Kr.</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ne miješati s kasnijim kraljevstvom Wei (卫))</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qin_(dr%C5%BEava)&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourorient.com/articles/states/the%20cruelest%20army.htm">The Cruelest Army -- The Army of the Qin State</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614220421/http://www.ourorient.com/articles/states/the%20cruelest%20army.htm">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 14. lipnja 2009. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) <span style="cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<span style="color:#606060; font-size:80%; position:relative; bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Engl." class="mw-redirect" title="Engl.">engl.</a></span>)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qin_(država)&oldid=6515471">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qin_(država)&oldid=6515471</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Drevne_kineske_dr%C5%BEave" title="Kategorija:Drevne kineske države">Drevne kineske države</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dinastija_Qin" title="Kategorija:Dinastija Qin">Dinastija Qin</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 5. studenoga 2022. u 17:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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