CINXE.COM
Top Cited Articles | Gut
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><title>Top Cited Articles | Gut</title><meta property="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/><link rel="canonical" href="/pages/top-cited-articles" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:title" content="Top Cited Articles | Gut"/><meta property="og:description" content="The most highly cited articles published in Gut between 2021 and 2022 are made free to read."/><meta name="description" content="The most highly cited articles published in Gut between 2021 and 2022 are made free to read."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://gut.bmj.com/pages/top-cited-articles"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Gut"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-06-20T15:00:49+00:00"/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="14"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/next-resources/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://analytics.bmj.com" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn-eu.pagesense.io" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://popup.wisepops.com" /><link rel="preconnect dns-prefetch" href="https://www.medtargetsystem.com" /><link rel="preload" href="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" as="script" /><script async="" src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charSet="UTF-8" data-domain-script="565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f" id="cookie-pro-script"></script><script id="otb-ads-consent">function OnetrustAdsConsent() { if (window.googletag && window.googletag.apiReady) { googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({nonPersonalizedAds:!!OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)}); googletag.pubads().refresh(); } else { setTimeout(OnetrustAdsConsent, 1000); } } function OptanonWrapper() { OnetrustAdsConsent(); }</script><link data-next-font="" rel="preconnect" href="/" crossorigin="anonymous" /><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/b1461d427d67d58e.css" as="style" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/b1461d427d67d58e.css" data-n-g="" /><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-8fa1640cc84ba8fe.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-6dd3bf7463386647.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-93341d243f15126b.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-d3420b8e8dbb6b93.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/pages/top-cited-articles-8f5274da4847962e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/k-CMjGzzO07DOv0cy-rMJ/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/k-CMjGzzO07DOv0cy-rMJ/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function parseCookies() { let cookieHeader = document.cookie || ""; let cookies = Object.fromEntries( cookieHeader.split("; ").map((c) => c.split("=")) ); for (let key in cookies) { if (cookies[key] === "undefined") { cookies[key] = undefined; } } return cookies; } function uuidv4() { var d = new Date().getTime(); //Timestamp var d2 = (typeof performance !== "undefined" && performance.now && performance.now() * 1000) || 0; //Time in microseconds since page-load or 0 if unsupported return "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(/[xy]/g, function (c) { var r = Math.random() * 16; //random number between 0 and 16 if (d > 0) { //Use timestamp until depleted r = (d + r) % 16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d / 16); } else { //Use microseconds since page-load if supported r = (d2 + r) % 16 | 0; d2 = Math.floor(d2 / 16); } return (c === "x" ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16); }); } function handleCookie() { let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; if (!bmj_uuid) { bmj_uuid = uuidv4(); cookies.bmj_uuid = bmj_uuid; } return { bmj_uuid }; } let { bmj_uuid } = handleCookie(); let bmj_ppid = parseCookies().bmj_ppid; const anonMailId = "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"; let nonAnonMailId = window.dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail === anonMailId ? null : window.dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; let userId = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.["data-ics"] ?? (dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = "bmj_ppid=" + userId + "; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure"; document.cookie = "bmj_uuid=" + bmj_uuid + "; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure"; var googletag = googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ bmj_uuid: bmj_uuid, }); </script> </head><body><div id="__next"><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="border-b-bmj-silver-100 border-b bg-bmj-siver-30 flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]"><div id="div-gpt-ad-3321227-1" data-testid="top-ad-slot" class="flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]"></div></div><header class="mt-2 mb-2 hidden flex-wrap items-center justify-between px-4 md:flex md:flex-nowrap" data-testid="header-panel"><a href="https://journals.bmj.com" class="p-0 flex items-center"><img data-testid="bmj-journals-logo" alt="BMJ Journals logo" loading="lazy" width="154" height="42" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/logo-bmj-journals.c2a2899be06382c530c7bc1e5d61e633.svg" /></a><nav class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between md:flex-nowrap"><a href="/pages/subscribe/" data-testid="subscribe" class="bg-bmj-primary-brand p-2.5 text-white md:hidden lg:block py-1.2rem mr-2 px-2 font-bold leading-normal decoration-0">Subscribe</a><a href="/user" data-testid="login" class="text-bmj-silver-800 hover:bg-bmj-silver-10 py-[1.3rem] md:hidden lg:block py-1.2rem mr-2 px-2 font-bold leading-normal decoration-0">Login</a><div data-testid="search-box" class="flex w-72 flex-col bg-white/20 p-2 pr-4 md:w-[343px] md:flex-row md:items-start md:p-0 md:pr-0 undefined"><form role="search" method="post" action="/search" class="flex undefined"><input type="textbox" placeholder="search" name="keywords" title="Search for:" class="border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 h-[34px] w-[207px] appearance-none border p-[5px] pl-[10px] align-middle text-[14px] undefined"/><button type="submit" name="op" class="bg-bmj-siver-30 border-bmj-silver-100 rounded-0 ml-[-4px] h-[34px] appearance-none border py-[1px] pl-[10px] pr-[12px] text-[13.33px] undefined">Search</button><input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1"/></form><div class="flex justify-start pl-[5px] pt-[3px] text-left md:justify-end undefined"><a href="/search" title="Advanced Search" class="decoration-none lg:text-bmj-blue-500 mt-2 flex flex-row text-[12.75px] leading-[normal] md:mt-0 md:flex-col [&>:first-of-type]:mr-1 undefined"><span>Advanced</span><span>search</span></a></div></div></nav></header><div data-testid="page-with-menu" class=" transition-margin-left relative m-0 mx-auto min-h-[512px] w-full min-w-0 duration-300 [&.panel-enter-active]:ml-[-15.625rem] [&.panel-enter-done]:ml-[-15.625rem] [&.panel-enter]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit-active]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit-done]:ml-0 [&.panel-exit]:ml-[-15.625rem]"><div class=""><div data-testid="top-menu-container" role="presentation" class="bg-bmj-primary-brand m-0 mx-auto h-[3.5625rem] w-full min-w-0 md:h-[4.375rem]"><nav role="navigation" class="relative m-0 mx-auto flex h-full w-full min-w-0 justify-between pl-4 pr-0"><div class="w-1/2 md:w-1/5 bg-bmj-primary-brand m-0 flex min-w-0 items-center"><a href="/" class="flex h-full w-full items-center"><img data-testid="top-menu-logo" src="/next-resources/logo.svg" alt="logo" class="h-auto w-full" /></a></div><div class=" bg-bmj-primary-brand m-0 flex min-w-0 items-center"><div class="hidden h-full lg:flex"><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/education-in-gastroenterology" data-testid="1417">CME/CPD</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/content/early/recent" data-testid="1038">Latest content</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/content/current" data-testid="1039">Current issue</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/content/by/year" data-testid="1040">Archive</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/authors/" data-testid="1041">Authors</a><a class="decoration-none text-4.25 rounded-0 text-bmj-white [&:hover]:md:bg-bmj-white/20 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-0 bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 [&:focus-visible]:outline-none [&:last-child]:pr-4 [&.is-active]:bg-white/20" href="/pages/about/" data-testid="1042">About</a></div><div class="flex h-full lg:hidden"><button class=" md:hidden decoration-none text-background rounded-0 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-none bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 text-[4.25] [&:focus-visible]:outline-0 [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:hover]:md:bg-white/20 [&:last-child]:pr-4"><img src="/next-resources/search.svg" alt="Search" width="36" height="36" /></button><button class=" decoration-none text-background rounded-0 flex h-full cursor-pointer items-center whitespace-nowrap border-none bg-transparent px-2 py-4 font-sans leading-5 text-[4.25] [&:focus-visible]:outline-0 [&:hover]:bg-transparent [&:hover]:md:bg-white/20 [&:last-child]:pr-4"><img src="/next-resources/hamburger-menu.svg" alt="Menu" width="36" height="36" /></button></div></div></nav></div><div class="mb-[36px] flex justify-between px-4 pt-2"><div><div data-testid="breadcrumbs"><span class="text-bmj-silver-600 text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4" data-testid="ancestor-wrapper"><a class="decoration-none text-bmj-blue-500 text-sm font-normal [&:hover]:underline" data-testid="home" href="/">Home</a><span class="m-2">/</span></span><span class="text-bmj-silver-600 text-sm font-normal not-italic leading-4" data-testid="top cited articles">Top Cited Articles</span></div></div><a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=gutjnl&fwdUrl=https://gut.bmj.com/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand hidden md:inline-block"><div class="flex"><div class="mr-2 flex"><svg class="text-bmj-primary-brand h-4 w-8" data-testid="envelope-icon" viewBox="0 0 33 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1H32V21H1V1Z" fill="white" stroke="currentColor"></path><path d="M31.9 20.8L21 9" stroke="currentColor"></path><path d="M1 20.5L11.8 9" stroke="currentColor"></path><mask id="path-4-inside-1" fill="white"><path d="M0.600098 0.700012L16.6001 13.4L32.4001 0.900012"></path></mask><path d="M16.6001 13.4L15.9784 14.1833L16.5991 14.6759L17.2205 14.1843L16.6001 13.4ZM-0.0216079 1.48326L15.9784 14.1833L17.2218 12.6168L1.2218 -0.0832389L-0.0216079 1.48326ZM17.2205 14.1843L33.0205 1.68426L31.7797 0.115765L15.9796 12.6158L17.2205 14.1843Z" fill="currentColor" mask="url(#path-4-inside-1)"></path></svg></div><span class="text-base leading-4" data-testid="email-alerts-link">Email alerts</span></div></a></div><main><div><section class="whitespace-pre-wrap pb-12 [&_p]:mb-4"><div><div class="m-0 mx-auto w-full min-w-0 max-w-[77rem] px-4"><h1 data-testid="sections-page-title" class="mb-5">Top Cited Articles</h1><div class="border-bmj-silver-100 border-1 m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-t border-b border-solid" data-testid="about-keymetrics-panel"><div class="md:flex-unset flex grid-cols-[repeat(auto-fill,11.25rem)] flex-col justify-between pt-4 pb-5 md:grid" data-testid="key-metrics-header"><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1066"><div>Acceptance rate<!-- -->:</div><div>12%</div></div><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1067"><div>Time to first decision with review<!-- -->:</div><div>23 days*</div></div><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1068"><div>Impact Factor (JCR)<!-- -->:</div><div>23.1</div></div><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1069"><div>Impact Factor rank (JCR)<!-- -->:</div><div>5/143</div></div><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1070"><div>Citescore<!-- -->:</div><div>45.7</div></div><div class="text-bmj-silver-800 flex flex-col justify-between pt-5 pr-0 md:pt-0 md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:mr-1 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:text-base [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:text-2xl pb-5" data-testid="1071"><div>Total Altmetric mentions<!-- -->:</div><div>6,947</div></div></div><div class="mb-4 flex flex-col md:flex-row" data-testid="key-metrics-footer"><div class="mr-0 mb-6 md:mr-20 md:mb-0"><a data-testid="1073" href="/pages/about/#journal_statistics">More journal metrics</a></div><div class="mr-0 mb-6 md:mr-20 md:mb-0"><a data-testid="1074" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/researchimpactmetrics">How we get these metrics</a></div><div data-testid="median-number-of-days">*median number of days</div></div></div><div class="border-t-[1px] border-solid border-transparent" data-testid="sections-container-0"><div class=" text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre-wrap font-normal leading-[1.625rem] mt-0 flex flex-col md:mt-4 md:flex-row [&>div:last-of-type]:pr-0 [&>div]:mt-6 [&>div]:pr-0 [&>div]:md:mt-0 [&>div]:md:pr-4 [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(1)]:md:w-[50.00%] [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:w-full [&>div:nth-of-type(2)]:md:w-[50.00%] " data-testid="sections-subsection-content-container-0"><div data-testid="sections-column-0" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><a href="/content/71/5/1020">Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights</a> <a href="/content/72/2/338.long">Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN</a> <a href="/content/71/9/1724">Management of <em>Helicobacter pylori </em>infection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report</a> <a href="/content/71/3/544">Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome</a> <a href="/content/71/11/2233">Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation</a> <a href="/content/71/4/734">Ginseng polysaccharides alter the gut microbiota and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, potentiating the antitumour effect of antiprogrammed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy</a> <a href="/content/71/5/1006">Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis</a> <a href="/content/71/2/309">Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory <i>Parabacteroides goldsteinii</i> lipopolysaccharide</a> <a href="/content/71/12/2439">Cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites</a> <a href="/content/72/9/1774">Combining ferroptosis induction with MDSC blockade renders primary tumours and metastases in liver sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade</a></div><div data-testid="sections-column-1" class="inline md:inline [&_h2]:mt-0"><a href="/content/71/7/1359">A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer</a> <a href="/content/71/6/1053">Multitrait genetic association analysis identifies 50 new risk loci for gastro-oesophageal reflux, seven new loci for Barrett's oesophagus and provides insights into clinical heterogeneity in reflux diagnosis</a> <a href="/content/71/3/521"><em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> GG induces cGAS/STING-dependent type I interferon and improves response to immune checkpoint blockade</a> <a href="/content/71/10/2011"><i>Lactobacillus gallinarum</i> modulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis</a> <a href="/content/71/10/e1.3">Inflammatory cell-derived CXCL3 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis through a novel myofibroblast-hijacked cancer escape mechanism</a> <a href="/content/71/7/1412">Cancer pharmacomicrobiomics: targeting microbiota to optimise cancer therapy outcomes</a> <a href="/content/72/1/180">Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time</a> <a href="/content/72/5/958">Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment</a> <a href="/content/71/12/2539">FSTL1 promotes liver fibrosis by reprogramming macrophage function through modulating the intracellular function of PKM2</a> <a href="/content/72/10/1848">A mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/diabetic mice and human gut</a></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></main></div></div><footer><div class="border-bmj-silver-100 border-t-solid m-0 ml-auto mr-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-wrap gap-4 border border-b-0 border-l-0 border-r-0 pl-4 pr-4"><a class="my-4" href="https://www.bsg.org.uk/" data-testid="association-logo-1-link" aria-label="BSG-SOCIETY-LOGO"><img data-testid="association-logo-1" title="BSG-SOCIETY-LOGO" alt="bsg-main-logo" loading="lazy" width="291" height="90" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgut.bmj.com%2Fgut%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F16%2F2022%2F07%2Fbsg-main-logo.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgut.bmj.com%2Fgut%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F16%2F2022%2F07%2Fbsg-main-logo.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgut.bmj.com%2Fgut%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F16%2F2022%2F07%2Fbsg-main-logo.png&w=640&q=75" /></a></div><div class="bg-bmj-primary-brand text-bmj-white m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 md:flex-row"><div data-testid="footer-content" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">CONTENT</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/content/early/recent">Latest content</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/content/current">Current issue</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/content/by/year">Archive</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/browse-by-collection/">Browse by collection</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/visual-abstracts">Visual Abstracts</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/most-read-articles/">Most read articles</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/top-cited-articles/">Top Cited Articles</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/eletters">Responses</a></li></ul><div class="flex"><a href="/pages/rss-feeds" data-testid="rss" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/rss.svg" alt="rss-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://twitter.com/Gut_BMJ" data-testid="x" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/x.svg" alt="x-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://facebook.com/Gut.BMJ" data-testid="facebook" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/facebook.svg" alt="facebook-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="http://blogs.bmj.com/gut" data-testid="social-blogs" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/social-blogs.svg" alt="social-blogs-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://gutbmj.podbean.com" data-testid="soundcloud" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/soundcloud.svg" alt="soundcloud-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@GastroenterologyatBMJ-z9e" data-testid="youtube" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/youtube.svg" alt="youtube-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/gut_bmj/" data-testid="instagram" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/instagram.svg" alt="instagram-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/gastroenterology-at-bmj/about/" data-testid="linkedin" class="[&>img]:m-[2px] [&>img]:p-[4px] [&>img]:hover:bg-white/20"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/social-media/linkedin.svg" alt="linkedin-icon" width="35" height="35" /></a></div></div><div data-testid="footer-journal" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">JOURNAL</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/about/">About</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/editorial-board/">Editorial board</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/education-in-gastroenterology">Education in Gastroenterology</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=gutjnl&fwdUrl=https://gut.bmj.com/&_gl=1*n0fqfu*_ga*NTQ4MDE2ODguMTYxODgxOTI3MA..*_ga_EXTSVLH45V*MTY1OTA4NjUwMC40NDEuMS4xNjU5MDg3MTQ3LjYw*_fplc*cXM3NmRBZFYlMkZMQUc1bVMlMkIwNlklMkZRTzNnWGElMkZGVXZGejMyWHZiSiUyRmJEQkclMkZvVzJuUE9LNVNhV2t1UEdBQXFlQkw4cnN4ZFpqRzhNN2gzd05oQUVaNlFBQ29vRjhsZWk4R1dYVTI5TFlaRldHQjlwR3IxaXJzWklRVVF0ZkVRJTNEJTNE">Sign up for email alerts</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/subscribe/">Subscribe</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/">Thank you to our reviewers</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div><div data-testid="footer-authors" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">AUTHORS</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/authors/">Instructions for authors</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gut">Submit an article</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://authors.bmj.com/policies">Editorial policies</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://openaccess.bmj.com/">Open access at BMJ</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://authors.bmj.com/">BMJ Author Hub</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div><div data-testid="footer-help" class="md:border-b-none [&:last-child]:border-b-none m-0 ml-auto mr-auto w-full min-w-0 border-b-[1px] border-b-white/50 pr-6 pt-5 pb-4 md:pt-8 md:pb-8"><span class="mt-0 mb-5 block text-base font-normal uppercase leading-4">HELP</span><ul class="ml-0 mb-4 pl-0"><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="/pages/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform">Reprints</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions">Permissions</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/for-advertisers-and-sponsor/">Advertising</a></li><li class="mb-4 list-none leading-none [&:last-child]:mb-0"><a class="text-bmj-white leading-none no-underline [&:hover]:underline" href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html">Feedback form</a></li></ul><div class="flex"></div></div></div><div class="justify-normal m-0 mx-auto flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col px-4 pt-4 md:flex-row md:justify-between"><div class="relative h-[35px] w-[60px]"><a data-testid="bmj-footer-logo-link" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/"><img alt="bmj-footer-logo" loading="lazy" width="60" height="35" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/bmj-footer-logo.c6e1ad28003cb22dbd978555514ed05c.svg" /></a></div><div data-testid="copyright-data-wrapper" class="flex flex-col items-start md:items-end [&>:first-of-type]:mt-0 [&>span:nth-of-type(2)]:whitespace-normal"><a data-testid="website-terms-and-conditions" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Website Terms & Conditions</a><a data-testid="privacy-and-cookies" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Privacy & Cookies</a><a data-testid="contact-bmj" href="https://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/" class="decoration-none text-bmj-normal text-bmj-blue-500 [&:hover]:decoration-none [&:hover]:text-bmj-primary-brand mb-2 [&&&]:mt-2 [&&&]:md:mt-0">Contact BMJ</a><a href="#!" data-testid="cookie-settings" id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings decoration-none !mt:0 mb-2 cursor-pointer !border !border-[#43791A] !bg-transparent px-2 py-1 !text-[0.875rem] !text-[#43791A] duration-100 ease-linear md:mb-0 [&:hover]:!bg-[#43791A] [&:hover]:!text-white">Cookie settings</a><span data-testid="online-issn" class="text-bmj-silver-800 whitespace-pre text-sm leading-normal [&&&]:mt-2">Online ISSN: 1468-3288 Print ISSN: 0017-5749</span><span data-testid="copyright" class="text-bmj-silver-800 mb-2 mt-2 whitespace-pre text-[0.875rem]">Copyright 漏 2024 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Society of Gastroenterology. All rights reserved.</span></div></div></footer><div class="border-t-divider border-t bg-bmj-siver-30 flex items-center justify-center py-3 min-w-[auto] min-h-[100px] md:min-h-[250px]"><div id="div-gpt-ad-3321227-2" data-testid="bottom-ad-slot" class="flex items-center justify-center w-[auto] h-[100px] md:h-[250px]"></div></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"navigationalFooter":{"navigationItems":{"items":[{"id":995,"title":"CONTENT","child_items":[{"id":996,"title":"Latest content","url":"/content/early/recent"},{"id":997,"title":"Current issue","url":"/content/current"},{"id":1015,"title":"Archive","url":"/content/by/year"},{"id":1016,"title":"Browse by collection","url":"/pages/browse-by-collection/"},{"id":1369,"title":"Visual Abstracts","url":"https://gut.bmj.com/pages/visual-abstracts"},{"id":1017,"title":"Most read articles","url":"/pages/most-read-articles/"},{"id":1018,"title":"Top Cited Articles","url":"/pages/top-cited-articles/"},{"id":1019,"title":"Responses","url":"/eletters"}],"hasSocialBar":true},{"id":1020,"title":"JOURNAL","child_items":[{"id":1021,"title":"About","url":"/pages/about/"},{"id":1022,"title":"Editorial board","url":"/pages/editorial-board/"},{"id":1416,"title":"Education in Gastroenterology","url":"http://gut.bmj.com/pages/education-in-gastroenterology"},{"id":1023,"title":"Sign up for email alerts","url":"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts\u0026corpusCode=gutjnl\u0026fwdUrl=https://gut.bmj.com/\u0026_gl=1*n0fqfu*_ga*NTQ4MDE2ODguMTYxODgxOTI3MA..*_ga_EXTSVLH45V*MTY1OTA4NjUwMC40NDEuMS4xNjU5MDg3MTQ3LjYw*_fplc*cXM3NmRBZFYlMkZMQUc1bVMlMkIwNlklMkZRTzNnWGElMkZGVXZGejMyWHZiSiUyRmJEQkclMkZvVzJuUE9LNVNhV2t1UEdBQXFlQkw4cnN4ZFpqRzhNN2gzd05oQUVaNlFBQ29vRjhsZWk4R1dYVTI5TFlaRldHQjlwR3IxaXJzWklRVVF0ZkVRJTNEJTNE"},{"id":1024,"title":"Subscribe","url":"/pages/subscribe/"},{"id":1025,"title":"Thank you to our reviewers","url":"/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/"}]},{"id":1026,"title":"AUTHORS","child_items":[{"id":1027,"title":"Instructions for authors","url":"/pages/authors/"},{"id":1028,"title":"Submit an article","url":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/gut"},{"id":1029,"title":"Editorial policies","url":"https://authors.bmj.com/policies"},{"id":1030,"title":"Open access at BMJ","url":"https://openaccess.bmj.com/"},{"id":1031,"title":"BMJ Author Hub","url":"https://authors.bmj.com/"}]},{"id":1032,"title":"HELP","child_items":[{"id":1033,"title":"Contact us","url":"/pages/contact-us/"},{"id":1034,"title":"Reprints","url":"https://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform"},{"id":1035,"title":"Permissions","url":"https://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions"},{"id":1036,"title":"Advertising","url":"https://www.bmj.com/company/for-advertisers-and-sponsor/"},{"id":1037,"title":"Feedback form","url":"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html"}]}]},"navigationIcons":[{"name":"rss","url":"/pages/rss-feeds"},{"name":"x","url":"https://twitter.com/Gut_BMJ"},{"name":"facebook","url":"https://facebook.com/Gut.BMJ"},{"name":"social-blogs","url":"http://blogs.bmj.com/gut"},{"name":"soundcloud","url":"https://gutbmj.podbean.com"},{"name":"youtube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/@GastroenterologyatBMJ-z9e"},{"name":"instagram","url":"https://www.instagram.com/gut_bmj/"},{"name":"linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/gastroenterology-at-bmj/about/"}]},"menuData":{"navData":[{"key":1417,"displayName":"CME/CPD","link":"http://gut.bmj.com/pages/education-in-gastroenterology"},{"key":1038,"displayName":"Latest content","link":"/content/early/recent"},{"key":1039,"displayName":"Current issue","link":"/content/current"},{"key":1040,"displayName":"Archive","link":"/content/by/year"},{"key":1041,"displayName":"Authors","link":"/pages/authors/"},{"key":1042,"displayName":"About","link":"/pages/about/"}]},"keyMetricsItems":[{"id":1065,"title":"HEADER","child_items":[{"id":1066,"title":"Acceptance rate: 12%","url":"/"},{"id":1067,"title":"Time to first decision with review: 23 days*","url":"/"},{"id":1068,"title":"Impact Factor (JCR): 23.1","url":"/"},{"id":1069,"title":"Impact Factor rank (JCR): 5/143","url":"/"},{"id":1070,"title":"Citescore: 45.7","url":"/"},{"id":1071,"title":"Total Altmetric mentions: 6,947","url":"/"}]},{"id":1072,"title":"FOOTER","child_items":[{"id":1073,"title":"More journal metrics","url":"/pages/about/#journal_statistics"},{"id":1074,"title":"How we get these metrics","url":"https://www.bmj.com/company/researchimpactmetrics"}]}],"sections":[{"sectionTitle":null,"subsections":[{"columnsContent":["\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/5/1020\"\u003eGut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/2/338.long\"\u003eGlobal burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/9/1724\"\u003eManagement of \u003cem\u003eHelicobacter pylori \u003c/em\u003einfection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/3/544\"\u003eGut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/11/2233\"\u003eGut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/4/734\"\u003eGinseng polysaccharides alter the gut microbiota and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, potentiating the antitumour effect of antiprogrammed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/5/1006\"\u003eDiagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/2/309\"\u003eGut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory \u003ci\u003eParabacteroides goldsteinii\u003c/i\u003e lipopolysaccharide\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/12/2439\"\u003eCigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/9/1774\"\u003eCombining ferroptosis induction with MDSC blockade renders primary tumours and metastases in liver sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade\u003c/a\u003e","\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/7/1359\"\u003eA faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/6/1053\"\u003eMultitrait genetic association analysis identifies 50 new risk loci for gastro-oesophageal reflux, seven new loci for Barrett's oesophagus and provides insights into clinical heterogeneity in reflux diagnosis\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/3/521\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLactobacillus rhamnosus\u003c/em\u003e GG induces cGAS/STING-dependent type I interferon and improves response to immune checkpoint blockade\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/10/2011\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eLactobacillus gallinarum\u003c/i\u003e modulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/10/e1.3\"\u003eInflammatory cell-derived CXCL3 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis through a novel myofibroblast-hijacked cancer escape mechanism\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/7/1412\"\u003eCancer pharmacomicrobiomics: targeting microbiota to optimise cancer therapy outcomes\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/1/180\"\u003eAdvancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/5/958\"\u003eSingle-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/71/12/2539\"\u003eFSTL1 promotes liver fibrosis by reprogramming macrophage function through modulating the intracellular function of PKM2\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ca href=\"https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/10/1848\"\u003eA mechanism by which gut microbiota elevates permeability and inflammation in obese/diabetic mice and human gut\u003c/a\u003e"],"layoutType":"B"}]}],"seoMetadata":[{"key":"title","property":"title","content":"Top Cited Articles | Gut"},{"key":"robots","property":"robots","content":"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"},{"key":"canonical","property":"canonical","content":"https://gut.bmj.com/pages/top-cited-articles"},{"key":"og_locale","property":"og:locale","content":"en_US"},{"key":"og_type","property":"og:type","content":"article"},{"key":"og_title","property":"og:title","content":"Top Cited Articles | Gut"},{"key":"og_description","property":"og:description","content":"The most highly cited articles published in Gut between 2021 and 2022 are made free to read."},{"key":"description","name":"description","content":"The most highly cited articles published in Gut between 2021 and 2022 are made free to read."},{"key":"og_url","property":"og:url","content":"https://gut.bmj.com/pages/top-cited-articles"},{"key":"og_site_name","property":"og:site_name","content":"Gut"},{"key":"article_modified_time","property":"article:modified_time","content":"2024-06-20T15:00:49+00:00"},{"key":"twitter_card","property":"twitter:card","content":"summary_large_image"}],"title":"Top Cited Articles","breadcrumbsBarData":{"breadcrumbs":[{"pageName":"Home","url":"/"},{"pageName":"Top Cited Articles"}],"emailAlertsLink":"https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts\u0026corpusCode=gutjnl\u0026fwdUrl=https://gut.bmj.com/"},"adSlots":null,"gtmContainerCode":"GTM-KMTW8J","adsLazyLoad":true,"pageBuildInfo":null,"isPreview":false,"baiduCode":"","associationLogos":[{"title":"BSG-SOCIETY-LOGO","link":"https://www.bsg.org.uk/","src":"https://gut.bmj.com/gut/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2022/07/bsg-main-logo.png","alt":"bsg-main-logo","width":291,"height":90}]},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/pages/top-cited-articles","query":{},"buildId":"k-CMjGzzO07DOv0cy-rMJ","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>