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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ويليام آدامز ريتشاردسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام آدامز ريتشاردسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="ویلیام آدامز ریچاردزون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام آدامز ریچاردزون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Adams Richardson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Adams Richardson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ויליאם אדמס ריצ'רדסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם אדמס ריצ'רדסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ويليام آدامز ريتشاردسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام آدامز ريتشاردسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3_(%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98)" title="ウィリアム・リチャードソン (財務長官) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・リチャードソン (財務長官)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Adams Richardson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Ричардсон, Уильям Адамс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричардсон, Уильям Адамс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Adams Richardson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the secretary of the treasury. For the Illinois senator, see <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Richardson" title="William Alexander Richardson">William Alexander Richardson</a>. For the California entrepreneur, see <a href="/wiki/William_A._Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="William A. Richardson">William A. Richardson</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William Adams Richardson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_(3x4_a).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-William_Adams_Richardson_Brady-Handy_%283x4_a%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 20, 1885 – October 19, 1896</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Chester_A._Arthur" title="List of federal judges appointed by Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Charles D. Drake</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Nott" title="Charles C. Nott">Charles C. Nott</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 2, 1874 – January 20, 1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Milligan" title="Samuel Milligan">Samuel Milligan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(United_States_Court_of_Claims_judge)" title="John Davis (United States Court of Claims judge)">John Davis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">29th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 17, 1873 – June 3, 1874</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Benjamin Bristow</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Adams Richardson</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1821-11-02</span>)</span>November 2, 1821<br /><a href="/wiki/Tyngsborough,_Massachusetts" title="Tyngsborough, Massachusetts">Tyngsborough, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 19, 1896<span style="display:none">(1896-10-19)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)">Oak Hill Cemetery</a><br />Washington, D.C., U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/A.B." class="mw-redirect" title="A.B.">AB</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">AM</a>, <a href="/wiki/LLB" class="mw-redirect" title="LLB">LLB</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Adams Richardson</b> (November 2, 1821 – October 19, 1896) was an American lawyer who served as the 29th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States secretary of the treasury</a> from 1873 to 1874. During his tenure, the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a> swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years. He controversially responded by issuing $26 million in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">greenbacks</a>, which averted the crisis, although there was debate as to whether he had the authority to do so. His tenure was marred by the <a href="/wiki/Sanborn_incident" title="Sanborn incident">Sanborn incident</a> in 1874, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes. He was later appointed a judge, and subsequently the chief justice, of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">United States Court of Claims</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_career">Education and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born on November 2, 1821, in <a href="/wiki/Tyngsborough,_Massachusetts" title="Tyngsborough, Massachusetts">Tyngsborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson studied at <a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_Academy" title="Pinkerton Academy">Pinkerton Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Academy_at_Groton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Academy at Groton">Lawrence Academy at Groton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson received an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Artium Baccalaureus</a> degree in 1843, and an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Artium Magister</a> degree in 1846, both from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> in 1846 from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He passed the Massachusetts' bar in July 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-bennet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richardson entered private practice in <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, Massachusetts in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson entered partnership and practiced law with his older brother Daniel Samuel, who had a large practice in Lowell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the junior law partner, Richardson was considered to be a painstaking methodical office attorney.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served in the militia, first as a <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">judge advocate</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> and later as an aide to <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">George N. Briggs</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">Justice of the peace</a> for <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County</a>, Massachusetts from 1847 to 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a bank President in Wamesit,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massachusetts from 1852 to 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was president of the Common Council of Lowell from 1853 to 1854, and president of the Mechanics' Association.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed to revise the statutes of Massachusetts in 1855, and subsequently chosen by the legislature to edit the annual supplements of the general statutes, which he continued to do for 22 years.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a judge of the Middlesex County Probate Court from 1856 to 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a judge of the Middlesex County Probate and Insolvency Courts from 1858 to 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an overseer of Harvard from 1863 to 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_executive_branch_service">Federal executive branch service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federal executive branch service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RICHARDSON,_William_A-Treasury_(BEP_engraved_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/175px-RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/263px-RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/350px-RICHARDSON%2C_William_A-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="9600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> portrait of Richardson as Secretary of the Treasury.</figcaption></figure> <p>Richardson was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury">United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury</a> from 1869 to 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was Acting Attorney General for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> from 1873 to 1874, under President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acab_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acab-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure_as_Secretary_of_the_Treasury">Tenure as Secretary of the Treasury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tenure as Secretary of the Treasury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During Richardson's tenure the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a> swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson responded by controversially releasing $26,000,000 in paper money reserves in an inflationist measure to help alleviate the effects of the general panic.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was debate whether Richardson had the authority to do so, however, Congress had not passed a law to forbid such an action.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson secured the $15,000,000 award from the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a> through the retirement of United States bonds held in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was to ensure that no gold had to be transferred overseas by ship.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The post-<a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">war</a> economy had expanded so quickly that commercial banks became nervous and began calling in their loans.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, in the summer of 1873 the money supply tightened drastically, causing the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson responded by issuing $26 million in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">greenbacks</a> to meet the demand.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legality of his action was doubtful, but the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> did not interfere and the crisis was eased.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such cycles of expansion and panic continued for the next thirty years, however, and were the basis for the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richardson's tenure was marred by the <a href="/wiki/Sanborn_incident" title="Sanborn incident">Sanborn Incident</a>, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pressure mounted for Richardson to be removed; he tendered his resignation, which President Grant accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a face-saving gesture, Grant then appointed Richardson as a Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal judicial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> on June 1, 1874, to a Judge seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">United States Court of Claims</a>) vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Milligan" title="Samuel Milligan">Samuel Milligan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on June 2, 1874, and received his commission the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His service terminated on January 20, 1885, due to his elevation to be Chief Justice of the same court.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richardson was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> on January 15, 1885, to the Chief Justice seat on the Court of Claims vacated by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Charles D. Drake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 1885, and received his commission the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His service terminated on October 19, 1896, due to his death in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)">Oak Hill Cemetery</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_service">Other service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concurrent with his federal judicial service, Richardson was the editor of the Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States from 1874 to 1891, as well as a professor of law at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown Law">Georgetown Law</a> from 1879 to 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson was also a member of the District of Columbia Society of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richardson's father was Daniel Richardson who practiced law and was Tyngsborough's <a href="/wiki/Postmaster" title="Postmaster">postmaster</a>, and his mother was Mary Adams of Chelmsford.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson was the descendant of Ezekiel Richardson who settled in Massachusetts Bay in 1630.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richardson's mother died in 1825 and her sister became his step-mother the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Banking Laws of Massachusetts</i> (Lowell, 1855)</li> <li><i>Supplement to the General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts</i>, with <a href="/wiki/George_P._Sanger" title="George P. Sanger">George P. Sanger</a> (Boston, 1860–1882)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicalinform00statgoog"><i>Practical information concerning the public debt of the United States: with the national banking laws</i></a> (Washington, D.C., 1872)</li></ul> <p>He prepared and edited: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dcg4AAAAIAAJ"><i>Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States</i></a>, 2nd ed. (1881)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3QDAAAAQAAJ"><i>History, Jurisdiction, and Practice of the Court of Claims (United States)</i></a> (1882–1885)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fjc.gov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/richardson-william-adams">"Richardson, William Adams – Federal Judicial Center"</a>. <i>www.fjc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Richardson%2C+William+Adams+%E2%80%93+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Frichardson-william-adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackett-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hackett_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hackett_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett1898" class="citation book cs1">Hackett, Frank W. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygwqPYK0hxcC&pg=PA19"><i>A Sketch of the Life and Public Service of William Adams Richardson</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Self published. pp. 19, 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+the+Life+and+Public+Service+of+William+Adams+Richardson&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=19%2C+33&rft.pub=Self+published&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Frank+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DygwqPYK0hxcC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bennet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bennet_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The United States Court of Claims : a history / pt. 1. The judges, 1855–1976 / by <a href="/wiki/Marion_T._Bennett" title="Marion T. Bennett">Marion T. Bennett</a> / pt. 2. Origin, development, jurisdiction, 1855–1978 / W. Cowen, P. Nichols, M.T. Bennett</i>. Washington, D.C.: Committee on the Bicentennial of Independence and the Constitution of the Judicial Conference of the United States. 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Court+of+Claims+%3A+a+history+%2F+pt.+1.+The+judges%2C+1855%E2%80%931976+%2F+by+Marion+T.+Bennett+%2F+pt.+2.+Origin%2C+development%2C+jurisdiction%2C+1855%E2%80%931978+%2F+W.+Cowen%2C+P.+Nichols%2C+M.T.+Bennett.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Committee+on+the+Bicentennial+of+Independence+and+the+Constitution+of+the+Judicial+Conference+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairman_1935577_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFairman_1935">Fairman 1935</a>, p. 577.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wamesit,+Tewksbury,+MA/@42.6275522,-71.2769582,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89e3a6b8b2b9f62b:0x49eea9a9c14e7660!8m2!3d42.6256829!4d-71.2681072">"Wamesit"</a>. <i>www.google.com/maps</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.google.com%2Fmaps&rft.atitle=Wamesit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FWamesit%2C%2BTewksbury%2C%2BMA%2F%4042.6275522%2C-71.2769582%2C15z%2Fdata%3D%213m1%214b1%214m5%213m4%211s0x89e3a6b8b2b9f62b%3A0x49eea9a9c14e7660%218m2%213d42.6256829%214d-71.2681072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acab-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acab_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acab_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Richardson, William Adams"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Richardson,_William_Adams">"Richardson, William Adams" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richardson%2C+William+Adams&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treasury.gov-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treasury.gov_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.treasury.gov/about/history/prior-secretaries/william-a-richardson-1873-1874">"William A. Richardson (1873–1874)"</a>. <i>www.treasury.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treasury.gov&rft.atitle=William+A.+Richardson+%281873%E2%80%931874%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.treasury.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fprior-secretaries%2Fwilliam-a-richardson-1873-1874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oakhillcemeterydc.org/app/themes/oakhill/assets/records/930.pdf">"Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, D.C. (Reno Hill) - Lot 930"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>oakhillcemeterydc.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302174534/https://www.oakhillcemeterydc.org/app/themes/oakhill/assets/records/930.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oakhillcemeterydc.org&rft.atitle=Oak+Hill+Cemetery%2C+Georgetown%2C+D.C.+%28Reno+Hill%29+-+Lot+930&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oakhillcemeterydc.org%2Fapp%2Fthemes%2Foakhill%2Fassets%2Frecords%2F930.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairman_1935" class="citation book cs1">Fairman, Charles (1935). Dumas Malone (ed.). <i>Dictionary of American Biography Richardson, William Adams</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York</a>: Charles Scribner's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography+Richardson%2C+William+Adams&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Fairman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChernow2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Chernow" title="Ron Chernow">Chernow, Ron</a> (2017). <a href="/wiki/Grant_(book)" title="Grant (book)"><i>Grant</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. pp. 776–782. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143110637" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143110637"><bdi>978-0143110637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grant&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=776-782&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0143110637&rft.aulast=Chernow&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_Richardson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Adams_Richardson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Adams Richardson">William Adams Richardson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/richardson-william-adams">"Richardson, William Adams - Federal Judicial Center"</a>. <i>www.fjc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Richardson%2C+William+Adams+-+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Frichardson-william-adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.treasury.gov/about/history/prior-secretaries/william-a-richardson-1873-1874">"William A. Richardson (1873–1874)"</a>. <i>www.treasury.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treasury.gov&rft.atitle=William+A.+Richardson+%281873%E2%80%931874%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.treasury.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fprior-secretaries%2Fwilliam-a-richardson-1873-1874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Adams+Richardson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a><br /><small>Served under: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></small> </b><br />1873–1874 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Benjamin Bristow</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Milligan" title="Samuel Milligan">Samuel Milligan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a></span> </b><br />1874–1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(United_States_Court_of_Claims_judge)" title="John Davis (United States Court of Claims judge)">John Davis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Charles D. Drake</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a></span> </b><br />1885–1896 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Nott" title="Charles C. Nott">Charles C. Nott</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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treasury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Duane" title="William J. Duane">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Walker" title="Robert J. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Francis_Thomas" title="Philip Francis Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Folger" title="Charles J. Folger">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Manning" title="Daniel Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Fairchild" title="Charles S. Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage" title="Lyman J. Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._M._Shaw" title="L. M. Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_MacVeagh" title="Franklin MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_F._Houston" title="David F. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_L._Mills" title="Ogden L. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Woodin" title="William H. Woodin">Woodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Morgenthau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Snyder" title="John Wesley Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Humphrey" title="George M. Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Barr" title="Joseph W. Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. 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Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Geithner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Mnuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/110px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/165px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Ulysses_S._Grant_(1869–1877)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grant_cabinet" title="Template:Grant cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grant_cabinet" title="Template talk:Grant cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grant_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grant cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Ulysses_S._Grant_(1869–1877)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> (1869–1877)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Elihu B. Washburne</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Hamilton Fish</a> (1869–1877)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg/100px-Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg/150px-Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg/200px-Ulysses_S._Grant_1870-1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4087" data-file-height="5473" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Adams Richardson</a> (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Benjamin Bristow</a> (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Lot M. Morrill</a> (1876–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Aaron_Rawlins" title="John Aaron Rawlins">John Aaron Rawlins</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Belknap" title="William W. Belknap">William W. Belknap</a> (1869–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft">Alphonso Taft</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">J. Donald Cameron</a> (1876–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">Ebenezer R. Hoar</a> (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_T._Akerman" title="Amos T. Akerman">Amos T. Akerman</a> (1870–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Williams" title="George Henry Williams">George Henry Williams</a> (1871–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Pierrepont" title="Edwards Pierrepont">Edwards Pierrepont</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft">Alphonso Taft</a> (1876–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">John Creswell</a> (1869–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Marshall" title="James William Marshall">James William Marshall</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Jewell" title="Marshall Jewell">Marshall Jewell</a> (1874–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Noble_Tyner" title="James Noble Tyner">James Noble Tyner</a> (1876–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_E._Borie" title="Adolph E. Borie">Adolph E. Borie</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Robeson" title="George M. Robeson">George M. Robeson</a> (1869–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Dolson_Cox" title="Jacob Dolson Cox">Jacob Dolson Cox</a> (1869–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Delano" title="Columbus Delano">Columbus Delano</a> (1870–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Zachariah Chandler</a> (1875–1877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711147#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711147#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711147#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010783898X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/75328201">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/199858/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMGMR9hRYTtQXDbKwjYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86025837">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1417837">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90763461">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=229807">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007354302405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10571668">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ns1pc7">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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