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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Title_of_scholarly_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title_of_scholarly_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Title of scholarly authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Title_of_scholarly_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_position_of_imams_in_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_position_of_imams_in_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The position of imams in Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_position_of_imams_in_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shia_imams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia_imams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Shia imams</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shia_imams-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shia imams subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shia_imams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twelver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Twelver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ismaili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ismaili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ismaili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ismaili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zaidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imams_as_secular_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imams_as_secular_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Imams as secular rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imams_as_secular_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Imams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Imams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Imam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%9B%E1%88%9D" title="ኢማም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢማም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="إمام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইমাম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইমাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mam" title="İmam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইমাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইমাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Імам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Імам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Імам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7)" title="Имам (кĕлпуç) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Имам (кĕлпуç)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1m" title="Imám – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Imám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limam" title="Limam – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Limam" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaam" title="Imaam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Imaam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ιμάμης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμάμης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n_(religi%C3%B3n)" title="Imán (religión) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imán (religión)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamo" title="Imamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Imamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="امام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iom%C3%A1m" title="Iomám – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iomám" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n_(relixi%C3%B3n)" title="Imán (relixión) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imán (relixión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%98" title="이맘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이맘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman" title="Liman – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Liman" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इमाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इमाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamo" title="Imamo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Imamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_(Islam)" title="Imam (Islam) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imam (Islam)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אימאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אימאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_(Islam)" title="Imam (Islam) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Imam (Islam)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იმამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იმამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamu" title="Imamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Imamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emam" title="Îmam – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îmam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamus" title="Imamus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imamus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C4%81ms" title="Imāms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Imāms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamas" title="Imamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1m" title="Imám – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Imám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഇമാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇമാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იმამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იმამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="امام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အီမန်ရှင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီမန်ရှင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="イマーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イマーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imom" title="Imom – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="امام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imame" title="Imame – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Imame" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имаам – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Имаам" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imami" title="Imami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Imami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="امام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="امام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1m" title="Imám – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Imám" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98" title="پێشنوێژ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشنوێژ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaami" title="Imaami – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Imaami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இமாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இமாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Имам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Имам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇమామ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇమామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="อิหม่าม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิหม่าม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Имом – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Имом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mam" title="İmam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İmam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kam_sa%CC%B1la" title="A̱kam sa̱la – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱kam sa̱la" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Імам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="امام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE" title="伊玛目 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊玛目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE" title="伊瑪目 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊瑪目" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mam" title="İmam – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İmam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE" title="伊玛目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊玛目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Imam" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125482#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Islamic leadership position</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Emam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Emam (disambiguation)">Emam</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Iman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Iman (disambiguation)">Iman</a> or <a href="/wiki/Imamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah">Imamah</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg/220px-Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg/330px-Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg/440px-Imam_presidant_la_priere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption><i>Imam presiding over prayer</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nasreddine_Dinet" title="Nasreddine Dinet">Nasreddine Dinet</a>, circa 1922</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UsulALFiqh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UsulALFiqh.svg/125px-UsulALFiqh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UsulALFiqh.svg/188px-UsulALFiqh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UsulALFiqh.svg/250px-UsulALFiqh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;border-top:1px solid #BFBFBF;background:#dcf5dc; padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhtilaf" title="Ikhtilaf">Ikhtilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihlal" title="Istihlal">Istihlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihsan" title="Istihsan">Istihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishab" title="Istishab">Istishab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslaha" title="Maslaha">Maslaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;border-top:1px solid #BFBFBF;background:#dcf5dc; padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ahkam" title="Ahkam">Ahkam</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustahabb" title="Mustahabb">Mustahabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubah" title="Mubah">Mubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruh" title="Makruh">Makruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batil" title="Batil">Batil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">Bid'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahisha" title="Fahisha">Fahisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiq" title="Fasiq">Fasiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad">Fasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghibah" title="Ghibah">Ghibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_sin" title="Islamic views on sin">Gunah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah">Hirabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">Istighfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">Istishhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasd" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasd">Qasd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Taghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">Taqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawbah">Tawbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation_in_Islam" title="Moderation in Islam">Wasat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;border-top:1px solid #BFBFBF;background:#dcf5dc; padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Legal vocations and titles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Shaykh al-Islām">Shaykh al-Islām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqeeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqeeh">Faqeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohyeddin" title="Mohyeddin">Mohyeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujjat_al-Islam" title="Hujjat al-Islam">Hujjat al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_(title)" title="Hakim (title)">Hakim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja" title="Khawaja">Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81" title="Mawlānā">Mawlānā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">Mawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Mufassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhund" title="Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Muhaddith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">Mujaddid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu%27l-amr" title="Ulu'l-amr">Ulu'l-amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustad" title="Ustad">Ustad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27azzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'azzin">Mu'azzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaheed">Shaheed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom in Islam">Martyrdom in Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">Salaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">Tabi'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27_al-Tabi%27in" title="Tabi' al-Tabi'in">Tabi' al-Tabi'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template talk:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg/220px-Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg/330px-Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg/440px-Prayer_in_Cairo_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption><i>Prayer in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></i>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Imam</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمام</span>, <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">imām</i></span></i>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أئمة</span></span>, <i><span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">a'immah</i></span></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> leadership position. For <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslims</a>, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>. In this context, imams may lead <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Islamic prayers</a>, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic teachings and become an imam. </p><p>For most <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslims</a>, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendants of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i>, the family of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shia">Twelver Shīʿīsm</a> there are 14 <a href="/wiki/The_Fourteen_Infallible" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fourteen Infallible">infallibles</a>, 12 of which are Imams, the final being <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Imam Mahdi</a> who will return at the end of times.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title was also used by the <a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaidi Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a>, who eventually founded the <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen</a> (1918–1970). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sunni_imams">Sunni imams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sunni imams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> does not conceive of the role of imams in the same sense as <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>: an important distinction often overlooked by non-Muslims. In everyday terms, an <i>imam</i> for Sunni Muslims is the person charged with leading formal Islamic prayers (<a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a>)—even in locations besides the mosque—whenever prayer is performed in a group of two or more. The imam leads the worship and the congregation copies his actions. <a href="/wiki/Friday_Sermon" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Sermon">Friday sermons</a> are most often given by an appointed imam. All mosques have an imam to lead the congregational prayers—even though it may sometimes just be a member from the gathered congregation rather than an officially appointed, salaried person. <a href="/wiki/Women_as_imams" title="Women as imams">Women cannot be imams</a> when men are present but are allowed to be when no men are present. An imam should be chosen, according to <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> based on his knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> and his moral character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title_of_scholarly_authority">Title of scholarly authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title of scholarly authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another well-known use of the term is as an honorary title for a recognized religious scholarly authority in Islam. It is especially used for a <a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">jurist (<i>faqīh</i>)</a> and often for the founders of the four Sunni <i><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a></i>s or schools of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudence (<i>fiqh</i>)</a>, as well as an authority on <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Quranic exegesis (<i>tafsīr</i>)</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>. </p><p>It may also refer to the <a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith"><i>Muhaddithūn</i></a> or scholars who created the analytical sciences related to <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> and sometimes refer to the heads of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>'s family in their generational times due to their scholarly authority.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Imam Ibrahim Hawlery</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vocation" title="Vocation">vocation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data">religion</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data">Knowledge of Quran and Sunnah, religious devotion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Education required</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Madrassa, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_Hatip_school" title="İmam Hatip school">İmam Hatip school</a> or university education</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mosque</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_position_of_imams_in_Turkey">The position of imams in Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The position of imams in Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Imams are appointed by the state to work at mosques and they are required to be graduates of an <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_Hatip_school" title="İmam Hatip school">İmam Hatip high school</a> or have a university degree in theology. This is an official position regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairs" title="Presidency of Religious Affairs">Presidency of Religious Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Turkey and only males are appointed to this position, whilst female officials under the same state organisation work as preachers and Qur'an course tutors, religious services experts, etc. These officials are supposed to belong to the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a> of the Sunni sect. </p><p>A central figure in an Islamic movement is also called an imam, like <a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Imam Nawawi</a> in Syria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shia_imams">Shia imams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shia imams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate in Shia doctrine</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Imams">The Twelve Imams</a></div> <p>In the Shi'a context, an imam is not only presented as the man of God <i>par excellence</i>, but as participating fully in the names, attributes, and acts that theology usually reserves for God alone.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imams have a meaning more central to belief, referring to leaders of the community. <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a> Shi'a believe that these imams are chosen by God to be perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all aspects of life. They also believe that all the imams chosen are free from committing any sin, impeccability which is called <i><a href="/wiki/Ismah" title="Ismah">ismah</a></i>. These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelver">Twelver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Twelver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here follows a list of the <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%60ism" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shi`ism">Twelvers</a> Shia imams: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="100%" style="background:#ffffff;"> <tbody><tr style="border-bottom:3px solid #CCCCFF"> <th>Number</th> <th>Name<br />(Full/<a href="/wiki/Kunya_(Arabic)" title="Kunya (Arabic)">Kunya</a>)</th> <th>Title<br />(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Birth–Death<br />(<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>/<a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">AH</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Importance</th> <th>Birthplace (present day country)</th> <th>Place of death and burial </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a><br />علي بن أبي طالب<hr />Abu al-Hassan or Abu al-Husayn<br /> أبو الحسین or أبو الحسن </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a><br />(Commander of the Faithful)<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr />Birinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>600–661<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr />23 BH–40<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shi%27a_twelver_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shi'a twelver doctrine)">imam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">successor of Muhammad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>; however, the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnis</a> acknowledge him as the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">fourth Caliph</a> as well. He holds a high position in almost all <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">Muslim orders</a> (Turuq); the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Abd-al-Rahman_ibn_Muljam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam">Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kharijite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijite">Kharijite</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, who slashed him with a poisoned sword.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried at the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_Shrine" title="Imam Ali Shrine">Imam Ali Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hassan ibn Ali</a><br />الحسن بن علي<hr />Abu Muhammad<br />أبو محمد </td> <td>al-Mujtaba<hr />İkinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>624–670<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_in_Britannica_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan_in_Britannica-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />3–50<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>He was the eldest surviving grandson of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> through Muhammad's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Fatimah_Zahra" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimah Zahra">Fatimah Zahra</a>. Hasan succeeded his father as the caliph in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, and on the basis of peace treaty with <a href="/wiki/Muawiya_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiya I">Muawiya I</a>, he relinquished control of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> following a reign of seven months.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_ibn_Ali_Iranica_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan_ibn_Ali_Iranica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hasan_in_Britannica_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasan_in_Britannica-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Poisoned by his wife in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried in <a href="/wiki/Jannat_al-Baqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannat al-Baqi">Jannat al-Baqi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a><br />الحسین بن علي<hr />Abu Abdillah<br />أبو عبدالله </td> <td>Sayed al-Shuhada<hr />Üçüncü Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>626–680<sup id="cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husayn_in_Britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />4–61<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>He was a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. Husayn opposed the validity of <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a>. As a result, he and his family were later killed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a> by Yazid's forces. After this incident, the <a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_Husayn_ibn_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali">commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali</a> has become a central ritual in Shia identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husayn_in_Britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Husayn_ibn_Ali_Iranica_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husayn_ibn_Ali_Iranica-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husayn_in_Britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Killed on <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Day of Ashura</a> (10 Muharram) and beheaded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husayn_in_Britannica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried at the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Husayn_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Husayn Shrine">Imam Husayn Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn">Ali ibn al-Hussein</a><br />علي بن الحسین<hr />Abu Muhammad<br />أبو محمد </td> <td>al-Sajjad, Zain al-Abedin<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Dördüncü Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>658–9<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 712<sup id="cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />38<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–95<sup id="cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Author of prayers in <a href="/wiki/Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya">Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya</a>, which is known as "The Psalm of <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">the Household of the Prophet</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_I" title="Al-Walid I">al-Walid I</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried in <a href="/wiki/Jannat_al-Baqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannat al-Baqi">Jannat al-Baqi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad ibn Ali</a><br />محمد بن علي<hr />Abu Ja'far<br />أبو جعفر </td> <td>al-Baqir al-Ulum<br /> <p>(splitting open knowledge)<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <hr />Beşinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>677–732<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />57–114<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent <a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">legal scholars</a>, teaching many students during his tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried in <a href="/wiki/Jannat_al-Baqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannat al-Baqi">Jannat al-Baqi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafar_al-Sadiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafar al-Sadiq">Ja'far ibn Muhammad</a><br />جعفر بن محمد<hr />Abu Abdillah<br />أبو عبدالله </td> <td>al-Sadiq<sup id="cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><br />(the Trustworthy) </p> <hr />Altıncı Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>702–765<sup id="cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />83–148<sup id="cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Established the <a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'fari jurisprudence">Ja'fari jurisprudence</a> and developed the <a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Shia">Theology of Shia</a>. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hanifah">Abu Hanifah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasil_ibn_Ata" title="Wasil ibn Ata">Wasil ibn Ata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham ibn Hakam">Hisham ibn Hakam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Islamic theology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Hayy%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Hayyān">Jābir ibn Hayyān</a> in science and <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried in <a href="/wiki/Jannat_al-Baqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannat al-Baqi">Jannat al-Baqi</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa ibn Ja'far</a><br />موسی بن جعفر<hr />Abu al-Hassan I<br />أبو الحسن الأول<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>al-Kazim<sup id="cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Yedinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>744–799<sup id="cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />128–183<sup id="cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Leader of the Shia community during the schism of <a href="/wiki/Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaili">Ismaili</a> and other branches after the death of the former imam, <a href="/wiki/Jafar_al-Sadiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Jafar al-Sadiq">Jafar al-Sadiq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established the network of agents who collected <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">khums</a> in the Shia community of the Middle East and the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Imprisoned and poisoned in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a>. Buried in the <a href="/wiki/Kazimayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimayn">Kazimayn shrine</a> in Baghdad.<sup id="cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali ibn Musa</a><br />علي بن موسی<hr /><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>al-Rida, Reza<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Sekizinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>765–817<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />148–203<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Made crown-prince by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">Al-Ma'mun</a>, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. Buried in the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Reza_shrine" title="Imam Reza shrine">Imam Reza shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Taqi" title="Muhammad al-Taqi">Muhammad ibn Ali</a><br />محمد بن علي<hr />Abu Ja'far<br />أبو جعفر </td> <td>al-Taqi, al-Jawad<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Dokuzuncu Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>810–835<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />195–220<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_caliphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid caliphate">Abbasid caliphate</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">Al-Mu'tasim</a>. Buried in the <a href="/wiki/Kazmain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazmain">Kazmain shrine</a> in Baghdad.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali ibn Muhammad</a><br />علي بن محمد<hr />Abu al-Hassan III<br />أبو الحسن الثالث<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>al-Hadi, al-Naqi<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Onuncu Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>827–868<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />212–254<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Strengthened the network of <a href="/wiki/Vakil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakil">deputies</a> in the Shia community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from the <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">khums</a> and religious vows.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Surayya, a village near <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">Al-Mu'tazz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buried in the <a href="/wiki/Al_Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Askari Mosque">Al Askari Mosque</a> in Samarra. </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hassan ibn Ali</a><br />الحسن بن علي<hr />Abu Muhammad<br />أبو محمد </td> <td>al-Askari<sup id="cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Askari_in_Iranica-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Onbirinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>846–874<sup id="cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Askari_in_Iranica-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />232–260<sup id="cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Askari_in_Iranica-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">Al-Mu'tamid</a>, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Askari_in_Iranica-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Shia, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">Al-Mu'tamid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Buried in <a href="/wiki/Al_Askari_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Askari Mosque">Al Askari Mosque</a> in Samarra.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad ibn al-Hassan</a><br />محمد بن الحسن<hr />Abu al-Qasim<br />أبو القاسم </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a>, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah<sup id="cite_ref-al-Hujjah_in_Britannica_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Hujjah_in_Britannica-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />Onikinci Ali<sup id="cite_ref-Alevi_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>868–unknown<sup id="cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Hujjah-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <hr />255–unknown<sup id="cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Hujjah-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Twelver doctrine, he is the current imam and the promised <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>, a messianic figure who will return with <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a> (Jesus). He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a><sup id="cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Hujjah-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>According to Shia doctrine, he has been living in the <a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">Occultation</a> since 872, which shall continue as long as God wills it.<sup id="cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Hujjah-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimah">Fatimah</a>, also Fatimah al-Zahraa, daughter of Muhammed (615–632), is also considered infallible but not an Imam. The Shi'a believe that the last Imam, the 12th Imam <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> will one day emerge on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a> (<i>Qiyamah</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ismaili">Ismaili</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ismaili"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Ismaili_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)">Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_imams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ismaili imams">List of Ismaili imams</a> for Ismaili imams.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaidi">Zaidi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Zaidi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>See details under <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidiyyah">Zaidiyyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_history_of_Yemen" title="Islamic history of Yemen">Islamic history of Yemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a>.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imams_as_secular_rulers">Imams as secular rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Imams as secular rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At times, imams have held both secular and religious authority. This was the case in <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Kharijite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijite">Kharijite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ibadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a> sects. At times, the imams were elected. At other times the position was inherited, as with the <a href="/wiki/Yaruba_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaruba dynasty">Yaruba dynasty</a> from 1624 and 1742. See <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">List of rulers of Oman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rustamid_dynasty" title="Rustamid dynasty">Rustamid dynasty</a>: 776–909, <a href="/wiki/Nabhani_dynasty" title="Nabhani dynasty">Nabhani dynasty</a>: 1154–1624, the <a href="/wiki/Yaruba_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaruba dynasty">Yaruba dynasty</a>: 1624–1742, the <a href="/wiki/Al_Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Said">Al Said</a>: 1744–present for further information.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Futa_Jallon" title="Imamate of Futa Jallon">Imamate of Futa Jallon</a> (1727–1896) was a <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani</a> state in West Africa where secular power alternated between two lines of hereditary Imams, or <i>almami</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidiyyah">Zaidi</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiite</a> sect, imams were secular as well as spiritual leaders who held power in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> for more than a thousand years. In 897, a Zaidi ruler, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a>, founded a line of such imams, a theocratic form of government which survived until the second half of the 20th century (See details under <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidiyyah">Zaidiyyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Yemen" title="History of Yemen">History of Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a>). <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saudi_rulers" title="List of Saudi rulers">Saudi leaders</a> were also referred to as "Imams", until that term was retired by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> to be replaced by "king". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> is officially referred to as Imam in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Several Iranian places and institutions are named "Imam Khomeini", including a <a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Emam_Khomeyni" title="Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni">city</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Imam_Khomeini_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport">international airport</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini_Hospital_Complex" title="Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex">hospital</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini_International_University" title="Imam Khomeini International University">university</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imams">Imams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Imams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Imam reads verses from the Quran after Isha' (night prayers) in the Mughal Empire"><img alt="An Imam reads verses from the Quran after Isha' (night prayers) in the Mughal Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg/120px-Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg/180px-Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg/240px-Asif_muharram_1795_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Imam reads verses from the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> after <a href="/wiki/Isha%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Isha'">Isha'</a> (night prayers) in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Discourse between Islamic Imams in the Mughal Empire"><img alt="Discourse between Islamic Imams in the Mughal Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg/75px-Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg/113px-Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg/150px-Govardhan._A_Discourse_Between_Muslim_Sages_ca._1630_LACMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3512" data-file-height="5608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Discourse between <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> Imams in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crimean Tatar imams teach the Quran. Lithograph by Carlo Bossoli"><img alt="Crimean Tatar imams teach the Quran. Lithograph by Carlo Bossoli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/120px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/180px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg/240px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8._%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6263" data-file-height="4800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crimean Tatar imams teach the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>. Lithograph by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bossoli" title="Carlo Bossoli">Carlo Bossoli</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth,_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia,_Tbilisi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam Shamil, Caucasus"><img alt="Imam Shamil, Caucasus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg/94px-Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg/141px-Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg/188px-Pirosmani._Shamil_with_a_Bodyguard._Oil_on_oil-cloth%2C_112x90_cm._The_State_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Georgia%2C_Tbilisi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil" title="Imam Shamil">Imam Shamil</a>, Caucasus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruner-Dvorak,_Rudolf_-_Bosna,_imam_(ca_1906).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam in Bosnia, c. 1906"><img alt="Imam in Bosnia, c. 1906" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg/120px-Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg/180px-Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg/240px-Bruner-Dvorak%2C_Rudolf_-_Bosna%2C_imam_%28ca_1906%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imam in Bosnia, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1906</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roollah-khomeini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam Khomeini, leader of the Iranian revolution"><img alt="Imam Khomeini, leader of the Iranian revolution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/101px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/151px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/201px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Khomeini">Imam Khomeini</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian revolution</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house,_Omdurman,_Sudan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="An Imam in Omdurman, Sudan"><img alt="An Imam in Omdurman, Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png/95px-Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png/142px-Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png/190px-Mahdist_in_the_Khalifa%27s_house%2C_Omdurman%2C_Sudan.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Imam in Omdurman, Sudan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantinople(1878)-begging_dervis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="An Ottoman imam in Constantinople"><img alt="An Ottoman imam in Constantinople" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png/67px-Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png/101px-Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png/134px-Constantinople%281878%29-begging_dervis.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> imam in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosniak_imam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bosniak military imam in the Austro-Hungarian Army"><img alt="A Bosniak military imam in the Austro-Hungarian Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bosniak_imam.jpg/120px-Bosniak_imam.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bosniak_imam.jpg/180px-Bosniak_imam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bosniak_imam.jpg/240px-Bosniak_imam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="783" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Bosniak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosniak">Bosniak</a> military imam in the Austro-Hungarian Army</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imam_ndiawar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam Thierno Ibrahima Thiello"><img alt="Imam Thierno Ibrahima Thiello" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Imam_ndiawar.JPG/120px-Imam_ndiawar.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Imam_ndiawar.JPG/180px-Imam_ndiawar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Imam_ndiawar.JPG/240px-Imam_ndiawar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imam Thierno Ibrahima Thiello</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_of_Friday_Prayer" title="Imam of Friday Prayer">Imam of Friday Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shia_holy_days" title="Twelver Shia holy days">Twelver Shia holy days</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The abbreviation CE refers to the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar calendar</a>, while AH refers to the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Hijri</a> <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbin1993">Corbin 1993</a>, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDhamiSheikh2000" class="citation journal cs1">Dhami, Sangeeta; Sheikh, Aziz (November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071164">"The Muslim family"</a>. <i>Western Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>173</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">352–</span>356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fewjm.173.5.352">10.1136/ewjm.173.5.352</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-0415">0093-0415</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071164">1071164</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11069879">11069879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+family&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E352-%3C%2Fspan%3E356&rft.date=2000-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1071164%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0093-0415&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11069879&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fewjm.173.5.352&rft.aulast=Dhami&rft.aufirst=Sangeeta&rft.au=Sheikh%2C+Aziz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1071164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diyanet.gov.tr/en/home">"Presidency of Religious Affairs"</a>. <i>www.diyanet.gov.tr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.diyanet.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Presidency+of+Religious+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diyanet.gov.tr%2Fen%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir-Moezzi2008" class="citation book cs1">Amir-Moezzi, Ali (2008). <i>Spirituality and Islam</i>. London: Tauris. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845117382" title="Special:BookSources/9781845117382"><bdi>9781845117382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirituality+and+Islam&rft.place=London&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Tauris&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781845117382&rft.aulast=Amir-Moezzi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The imam's Arabic titles are used by the majority of Twelver Shia who use <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical language">liturgical language</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Usooli" class="mw-redirect" title="Usooli">Usooli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaykhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaykhi">Shaykhi</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawi</a>. Turkish titles are generally used by <a href="/wiki/Alevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alevi">Alevi</a>, a fringe Twelver group, who make up around 10% of the world Shia population. The titles for each imam literally translate as "First Ali", "Second Ali", and so forth. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2004" class="citation book cs1">Mattar, Philip (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East & North Africa</i>. Detroit, Mich: Macmillan Reference USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028657691" title="Special:BookSources/9780028657691"><bdi>9780028657691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+modern+Middle+East+%26+North+Africa&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780028657691&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_in_Britannica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_in_Britannica_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali">"Ali"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ali&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9005712%2FAli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alevi-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alevi_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2004" class="citation book cs1">Mattar, Philip (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East & North Africa</i>. Detroit, Mich: Macmillan Reference USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028657691" title="Special:BookSources/9780028657691"><bdi>9780028657691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+modern+Middle+East+%26+North+Africa&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780028657691&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.190-192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasan_in_Britannica-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_in_Britannica_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_in_Britannica_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9039439/Hasan">"Hasan"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hasan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9039439%2FHasan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.194–195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasan_ibn_Ali_Iranica-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hasan_ibn_Ali_Iranica_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-b-ali">"Hasan ibn Ali"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hasan+ibn+Ali&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhasan-b-ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Husayn_in_Britannica-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Husayn_in_Britannica_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9041622/al-Husayn-ibn-Ali">"al-Husayn"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Husayn&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9041622%2Fal-Husayn-ibn-Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.196–199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Husayn_ibn_Ali_Iranica-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Husayn_ibn_Ali_Iranica_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalmard" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Calmard, Jean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hosayn-b-ali">"Husayn ibn Ali"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Husayn+ibn+Ali&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Calmard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhosayn-b-ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_ibn_Husayn_in_Iranica_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-hosayn-b-ali">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ALĪ B. AL-ḤOSAYN"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27AL%C4%AA+B.+AL-%E1%B8%A4OSAYN&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fali-b-hosayn-b-ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabatabae-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabatabae_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Baqir_in_Iranica_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baqer-abu-jafar-mohammad">"AL-BAQER, ABU JAFAR MOHAMMAD"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AL-BAQER%2C+ABU+JAFAR+MOHAMMAD&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbaqer-abu-jafar-mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jafar_al-Sadiq-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jafar_al-Sadiq_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.203-204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9076198/Wasil-ibn-Ata">"Wāṣil ibn ʿAṭāʾ"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>. 1 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=W%C4%81%E1%B9%A3il+ibn+%CA%BFA%E1%B9%AD%C4%81%CA%BE&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9076198%2FWasil-ibn-Ata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_in_Iranica_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-al-reza">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ALĪ AL-HĀDĪ"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27AL%C4%AA+AL-H%C4%80D%C4%AA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fali-al-reza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musa_al-Kazim-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Musa_al-Kazim_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p.205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979) p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachedina (1988), pp.53–54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_al-Reza-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Reza_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.205–207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muhammad_al-Taqi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhammad_al-Taqi_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_al-Hadi_in_Iranica_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-al-hadi-abul-hasan-b">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ALĪ AL-HĀDĪ"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27AL%C4%AA+AL-H%C4%80D%C4%AA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fali-al-hadi-abul-hasan-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.208–209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Askari_in_Iranica-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Askari_in_Iranica_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalm" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Halm, H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/askari-abu-mohammad-hasan-b">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ASKARĪ"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27ASKAR%C4%AA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Halm&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Faskari-abu-mohammad-hasan-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979) pp. 209–210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.209–210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Hujjah_in_Britannica-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-al-Hujjah_in_Britannica_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9054165/Muhammad-al-Mahdi-al-Hujjah">"Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujjah"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhammad+al-Mahdi+al-Hujjah&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9054165%2FMuhammad-al-Mahdi-al-Hujjah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Hujjah-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-al-Hujjah_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp.210–211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabatabae (1979), pp. 211–214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles1919" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barrett_Miles" title="Samuel Barrett Miles">Miles, Samuel Barrett</a> (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbsOoPpZiSEC&pg=PA50"><i>The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf</i></a>. Garnet Pub. pp. 50, 437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873938-56-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873938-56-0"><bdi>978-1-873938-56-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Countries+and+Tribes+of+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.pages=50%2C+437&rft.pub=Garnet+Pub.&rft.date=1919&rft.isbn=978-1-873938-56-0&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbsOoPpZiSEC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoltHoltLambtonBernard_Lewis1977" class="citation book cs1">Holt, P. M.; Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Bernard Lewis (1977-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA365"><i>The Cambridge History of Islam</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29137-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29137-8"><bdi>978-0-521-29137-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.pages=365&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977-04-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29137-8&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Holt%2C+Peter+Malcolm&rft.au=Lambton%2C+Ann+K.+S.&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy99jTbxNbSAC%26pg%3DPA365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbin1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Corbin" title="Henry Corbin">Corbin, Henry</a> (1993) [1964]. <i>History of Islamic Philosophy</i> (in French). Translated by Sherrard, Liadain; <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sherrard" title="Philip Sherrard">Sherrard, Philip</a>. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0416-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0416-1"><bdi>0-7103-0416-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Islamic+Philosophy&rft.pub=London%3B+Kegan+Paul+International+in+association+with+Islamic+Publications+for+The+Institute+of+Ismaili+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7103-0416-1&rft.aulast=Corbin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a> by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University. March 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56859-050-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56859-050-4"><bdi>1-56859-050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pub=Center+for+Iranian+Studies%2C+Columbia+University&rft.date=1997-03&rft.isbn=1-56859-050-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2004" class="citation book cs1">Mattar, Philip (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East & North Africa</i>. Detroit, Mich: Macmillan Reference USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780028657691" title="Special:BookSources/9780028657691"><bdi>9780028657691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+modern+Middle+East+%26+North+Africa&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780028657691&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachedina1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_Sachedina" title="Abdulaziz Sachedina">Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein</a> (1988). <i>The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence</i>. Oxford University Press US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511915-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511915-0"><bdi>0-19-511915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Just+Ruler+%28al-sult%C4%81n+Al-%CA%BB%C4%81dil%29+in+Sh%C4%AB%CA%BBite+Islam%3A+The+Comprehensive+Authority+of+the+Jurist+in+Imamite+Jurisprudence&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-19-511915-0&rft.aulast=Sachedina&rft.aufirst=Abdulaziz+Abdulhussein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabatabae1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei" class="mw-redirect" title="Allameh Tabatabaei">Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn</a> (1979). <i>Shi'ite Islam</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein</a>. SUNY press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-272-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-272-3"><bdi>0-87395-272-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%27ite+Islam&rft.pub=SUNY+press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-87395-272-3&rft.aulast=Tabatabae&rft.aufirst=Sayyid+Mohammad+Hosayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Martin, Richard C. (2004). "Imam". <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World</i>. Vol. 1: <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L</i>. MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-865604-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-865604-0"><bdi>0-02-865604-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imam&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+and+the+Muslim+World&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-02-865604-0&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomen1985" class="citation book cs1">Momen, Moojan (1985). <i>An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelve</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-03531-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-03531-4"><bdi>0-300-03531-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelve&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-300-03531-4&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imam" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:imam"><i>imam</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Imams" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Imams">Imams</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Imam" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Imam">Imam</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imam&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sufism_terminology124" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism_terminology" title="Template talk:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism_terminology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism terminology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism_terminology124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> terminology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sufis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Khutwa" title="Ahl al-Khutwa">Ahl al-Khutwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_Hezzab" title="Bash Hezzab">Bash Hezzab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezzab" title="Hezzab">Hezzab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majzoob_(Sufism)" title="Majzoob (Sufism)">Majzoob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudaqiq (page does not exist)">Mudaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%82_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:مدقق (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqaddam" title="Muqaddam">Muqaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarrab_(Sufism)" title="Muqarrab (Sufism)">Muqarrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutahaqiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutahaqiq (page does not exist)">Mutahaqiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:متحقق بالحق والخلق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nass_al-Houdhour" title="Nass al-Houdhour">Nass al-Houdhour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbani_(Sufism)" title="Rabbani (Sufism)">Rabbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_(Sufism)" title="Sheikh (Sufism)">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq" title="Siddiq">Siddiq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufis_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufis ranks (page does not exist)">Sufis ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibe" title="Talibe">Talibe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Seven_ranks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Seven ranks (page does not exist)">The Seven ranks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:المراتب السبعة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasil_(Sufism)" title="Wasil (Sufism)">Wasil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" title="Raising hands in Dua"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/160px-IslamSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/240px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/IslamSymbol.svg/320px-IslamSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane (page does not exist)">Aayane</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:أعيان (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aayane_Thabita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aayane Thabita (page does not exist)">Aayane Thabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الأعيان الثابتة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaflah" title="Ghaflah">Ghaflah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijab_(Sufism)" title="Hijab (Sufism)">Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismul_Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismul Azam">Ismul Azam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif-e-Sitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">Qalb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ran_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ran (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Rūḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadr_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadr (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wird_(Sufism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wird (Sufism)">Awrad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djamaa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djamaa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djamaa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83)" class="extiw" title="ar:جمع (سلوك)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djoua_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djoua (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Djoua</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جوع (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Ibara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:عبارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichara (page does not exist)">Ichara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:إشارة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latifa_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latifa (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Latifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazimi" title="Lazimi">Lazimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhasabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhasabah (page does not exist)">Muhasabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_hands_in_Dua" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising hands in Dua">Raising hands in Dua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabr" title="Sabr">Sabr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahar_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahar (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Sahar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:سهر (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat_al-Fatih" title="Salat al-Fatih">Salat al-Fatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samt_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samt (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Samt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:صمت (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuhud_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuhud (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Shuhud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:شهود (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukr" title="Shukr">Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufism_pillars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufism pillars (page does not exist)">Sufism pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">Tafakur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahara_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahara (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:طهارة معنوية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Tahlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تحلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takhlia_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takhlia (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Takhlia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تخلية (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawajud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawajud (page does not exist)">Tawajud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تواجد">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzla_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzla (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uzla</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:عزلة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa" title="Wazifa">Wazifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wazifa_Zarruqiyya" title="Wazifa Zarruqiyya">Zarruqiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wird" title="Wird">Wird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Waridates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Basirah">Basirah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bast_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bast (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Bast</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B7_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:بسط (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djadba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djadba (page does not exist)">Djadba</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:جذبة (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fath_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fath (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Fath</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:فتح (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayah" title="Hidayah">Hidayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afflatus" title="Afflatus">Ilham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminationism" title="Illuminationism">Ishrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khatir_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khatir (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Khatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qabdh_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qabdh (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Qabdh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B6_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:قبض (تصوف)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabita_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabita (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Rabita</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:رابطة (صوفية)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ru%27ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ru'ya (page does not exist)">Ru'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secret (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajalli" title="Tajalli">Tajalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uns_(Sufism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uns (Sufism) (page does not exist)">Uns</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="ar:أنس">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warid_(Sufism)" title="Warid (Sufism)">Warid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misconducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinomianism#Islamic_antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">Antinomianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Rahbaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shath" title="Shath">Shath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubris" title="Hubris">Taqabbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandaqa" title="Zandaqa">Zandaqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_Rateb" title="Hizb Rateb">Hizb Rateb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idjaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Idjaza">Idjaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawsim" title="Mawsim">Mawsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salka_(Sufism)" title="Salka (Sufism)">Salka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sbooa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sbooa (page does not exist)">Sbooa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbu%C3%A2" class="extiw" title="fr:Sbuâ">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiba" title="Sebiba">Sebiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweeza" title="Tweeza">Tweeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wezeea" title="Wezeea">Wezeea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashewiq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashewiq (page does not exist)">Ashewiq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:أشويق">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madih_nabawi" title="Madih nabawi">Madih nabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Nasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BDat" title="Naʽat">Naʽat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">Sufism history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Sufi whirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daara" title="Daara">Daara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargah" title="Dargah">Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datuk_Keramat" title="Datuk Keramat">Datuk Keramat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgah" title="Eidgah">Eidgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Gongbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama masjid">Jama masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(Sufism)" title="Khalwa (Sufism)">Khalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwa_(school)" title="Khalwa (school)"> Khalawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BClliye" title="Külliye">Külliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttab" title="Kuttab">Kuttab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqbara" title="Maqbara">Maqbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">Musalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubba" title="Qubba">Qubba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauza" title="Rauza">Rauza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takya" class="mw-redirect" title="Takya">Takya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrbe" title="Türbe">Türbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammama" title="Ammama">Ammama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnous" title="Burnous">Burnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandoura" title="Gandoura">Gandoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirqa" title="Khirqa">Khirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misbaha" title="Misbaha">Misbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashabiya" title="Qashabiya">Qashabiya</a></li> <li><a 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/21px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, 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</span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125482#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1070" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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