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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Civil War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Western Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overland_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overland_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Overland Campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overland_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_of_the_Shenandoah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_of_the_Shenandoah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Army of the Shenandoah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_of_the_Shenandoah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appomattox_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appomattox_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Appomattox Campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appomattox_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indian Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Postwar career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yellowstone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yellowstone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Yellowstone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yellowstone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Death and burial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onscreen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onscreen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Onscreen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onscreen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Dates of rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes/References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes/References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes/References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes/References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes/References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes/References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philip Sheridan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فيليب شيريدان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليب شيريدان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="فیلیپ شرایدن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیپ شرایدن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Филип Шеридан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филип Шеридан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="فیلیپ شریدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپ شریدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%BD_%EC%85%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%A0" title="필립 셰리든 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필립 셰리든" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Henry_Sheridan" title="Philip Henry Sheridan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Philip Henry Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Henry_Sheridan" title="Philip Henry Sheridan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Philip Henry Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F" title="פיליפ שרידן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפ שרידן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფილიპ შერიდანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილიპ შერიდანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_%C5%A0eridans" title="Filips Šeridans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Filips Šeridans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="フィリップ・シェリダン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリップ・シェリダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Шеридан, Филип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шеридан, Филип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Henry_Sheridan" title="Philip Henry Sheridan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Philip Henry Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فیلیپ شێریدان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلیپ شێریدان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Филип Шеридан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филип Шеридан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Philip Sheridan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv 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searchaux" style="display:none">United States Army general (1831–1888)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"General Sheridan" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/General_Sheridan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="General Sheridan (disambiguation)">General Sheridan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Philip Sheridan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg/220px-Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg/330px-Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg/440px-Philip_Sheridan_1-restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1381" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Sheridan during the 1860s</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding General of the U.S. Army">Commanding General of the U.S. Army</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 1, 1883 – August 5, 1888</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">John Schofield</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Philip Henry Sheridan</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1831-03-06</span>)</span>March 6, 1831<br /><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 5, 1888<span style="display:none">(1888-08-05)</span> (aged 57)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Dartmouth, Massachusetts">Nonquitt, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philip Sheridan's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg/128px-Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg/192px-Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg/256px-Philip_Henry_Sheridan_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="110" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Little Phil"<br />"Fightin' Phil"</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States (<a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1853–1888</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry Corps (Union Army)">Cavalry Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_of_the_Shenandoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army of the Shenandoah">Army of the Shenandoah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Middle_Military_Division" title="Middle Military Division">Middle Military Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Missouri" title="Department of the Missouri">Department of the Missouri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Battle of Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Battle of Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Battle of Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattanooga Campaign">Chattanooga Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Battle of Yellow Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trevilian_Station" title="Battle of Trevilian Station">Battle of Trevilian Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Valley Campaigns of 1864</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Winchester" title="Third Battle of Winchester">Third Battle of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fisher%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Fisher's Hill">Battle of Fisher's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Cedar Creek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip Henry Sheridan</b> (March 6, 1831<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – August 5, 1888) was a career <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officer and a <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union</a> <a href="/wiki/General_officers_in_the_United_States" title="General officers in the United States">general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. His career was noted for his rapid rise to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a> and his close association with <a href="/wiki/General-in-chief" title="General-in-chief">General-in-chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, who transferred Sheridan from command of an infantry division in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Theater of the American Civil War">Western Theater</a> to lead the Cavalry Corps of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Theater of the American Civil War">East</a>. In 1864, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> forces under General <a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Jubal Early</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Shenandoah Valley</a> and his destruction of the economic infrastructure of the Valley, called "The Burning" by residents, was one of the first uses of <a href="/wiki/Scorched-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorched-earth">scorched-earth</a> tactics in the war. In 1865, his cavalry pursued Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> and was instrumental in forcing his <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">surrender at Appomattox Courthouse</a>. </p><p>In his later years, Sheridan fought in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a> against Native American tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>. He was instrumental in the development and protection of <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>, both as a soldier and a private citizen. In 1883, Sheridan was appointed general-in-chief of the U.S. Army, and in 1888 he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a> during the term of President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg/220px-BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg/330px-BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg/440px-BrevetLtPhilipSheridan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3530" data-file-height="4730" /></a><figcaption>An engraving of Sheridan as a Brevet Second Lieutenant in the 1850s, by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bryan_Hall" title="Henry Bryan Hall">Henry Bryan Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sheridan was born in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, on March 6, 1831,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third of six children of John and Mary Meenagh Sheridan, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Irish Catholic</a> immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Killinkere" title="Killinkere">Killinkere</a> parish in <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a>, Ireland. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Ohio" title="Somerset, Ohio">Somerset, Ohio</a>. Small in stature, he reached only 5 feet 5 inches (165 cm) tall, earning him the nickname, "Little Phil." <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> described his appearance in a famous anecdote: "A brown, chunky little chap, with a long body, short legs, not enough neck to hang him, and such long arms that if his ankles itch he can scratch them without stooping."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris19921_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris19921-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a boy, Sheridan worked in a general store and later as head clerk and bookkeeper at a dry goods store. In 1848, he obtained an appointment to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a>, from a nomination from one of his customers, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ritchey" title="Thomas Ritchey">Thomas Ritchey</a>, whose first candidate was disqualified after failing a mathematics examination and reportedly displayed a "poor attitude."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760Morris199215_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760Morris199215-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his fourth year at West Point, Sheridan was <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(punishment)#Academia" title="Suspension (punishment)">suspended for a year</a> for fighting with classmate <a href="/wiki/William_R._Terrill" title="William R. Terrill">William R. Terrill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg20022_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg20022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous day, Sheridan had threatened to run him through with a fixed bayonet in reaction to a perceived insult on the parade ground. He graduated in 1853, 34th in his class of 52 cadets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan was commissioned as a <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._1st_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 1st Infantry Regiment">1st U.S. Infantry</a> Regiment at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Duncan" title="Fort Duncan">Fort Duncan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass, Texas</a>, then to the <a href="/wiki/4th_U.S._Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="4th U.S. Infantry">4th U.S. Infantry</a> Regiment at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Reading" title="Fort Reading">Fort Reading</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anderson,_California" title="Anderson, California">Anderson, California</a>. Most of his service with the 4th Infantry was in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, starting with a topographical survey mission to the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley" title="Willamette Valley">Willamette Valley</a> in 1855, during which he became involved with the <a href="/wiki/Yakima_War" title="Yakima War">Yakima War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_Wars" title="Rogue River Wars">Rogue River Wars</a>, gaining experience in leading small combat team and some diplomatic skills in his negotiations with Indian tribes. On March 28, 1857, he was wounded when a bullet grazed his nose at Middle Cascade, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and an Indian woman from <a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_(Oregon)" title="Rogue River (Oregon)">Rogue River</a> lived together during part of his tour of duty. Named <a href="/wiki/Frances_Johnson" title="Frances Johnson">Frances</a> by her white friends, she was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Takelma" title="Takelma">Takelma</a> Chief Harney.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliamLockley1916368–69_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliamLockley1916368–69-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1861, just before the beginning the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Sheridan was promoted to <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>, and then to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">captain</a> in May, just weeks after the war commenced following the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> attack on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Theater">Western Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Western Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fall of 1861, Sheridan was ordered to travel to <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Barracks_Military_Post" title="Jefferson Barracks Military Post">Jefferson Barracks</a>, near <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Missouri, for assignment to the <a href="/wiki/13th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="13th Infantry Regiment (United States)">13th U.S. Infantry</a>. He departed from his command of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yamhill" title="Fort Yamhill">Fort Yamhill</a> in Oregon by way of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>, and through <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to home in Somerset for a brief leave. On the way to his new post, he made a courtesy call to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Maj. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Halleck" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry W. Halleck">Henry W. Halleck</a> in St. Louis, who commandeered his services to audit the financial records of his immediate predecessor, Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>, whose administration of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Missouri" title="Department of the Missouri">Department of the Missouri</a> was tainted by charges of wasteful expenditures and fraud that left the status of $12 million in debt. Sheridan sorted out the mess, impressing Halleck in the process. Much to Sheridan's dismay, Halleck's vision for Sheridan consisted of a continuing role as a staff officer. Nevertheless, Sheridan performed the task assigned to him and entrenched himself as an excellent staff officer in Halleck's view.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–46O'Connor195354–56_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–46O'Connor195354–56-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December, Sheridan was appointed chief commissary officer of the Army of Southwest Missouri, but convinced the department commander, Halleck, to also give him the position of <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster_general" title="Quartermaster general">quartermaster general</a>. In January 1862, he reported for duty to Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ryan_Curtis" title="Samuel Ryan Curtis">Samuel Curtis</a> and served under him at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Battle of Pea Ridge</a>. Sheridan soon discovered that officers were engaged in profiteering, including stealing horses from civilians and demanding payment from Sheridan. He refused to pay for the stolen property and confiscated the horses for the use of Curtis's army. When Curtis ordered him to pay the officers, Sheridan brusquely responded, "No authority can compel me to jayhawk or steal." Curtis had Sheridan arrested for insubordination but Halleck's influence appears to have ended any formal proceedings. Sheridan performed aptly in his role under Curtis, and then returned to Halleck's headquarters to accompany the army on the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Corinth" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Corinth">Siege of Corinth</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760–1762_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760–1762-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and serve as an assistant to the department's topographical engineer. He made the acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brig. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/William_T._Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>, who offered him the role of <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> in an Ohio infantry regiment. The appointment fell through, but Sheridan was subsequently aided by friends, including future <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_A._Alger" title="Russell A. Alger">Russell A. Alger</a>, who petitioned <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Michigan" title="Governor of Michigan">Michigan Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Austin_Blair" title="Austin Blair">Austin Blair</a> on his behalf. Sheridan was appointed colonel of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Michigan_Volunteer_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment">2nd Michigan Cavalry</a> on May 27, 1862, despite having no experience in the mounted arm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–59SheaHess1997276Wittenberg20024–5_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–59SheaHess1997276Wittenberg20024–5-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment''_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment''-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI,_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY,_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg/220px-SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg/330px-SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg/440px-SHERIDAN%27S_HORSE_RIENZI%2C_NATIONAL_MUSEUM_OF_AMERICAN_HISTORY%2C_WASHINGTON_D.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3495" data-file-height="5235" /></a><figcaption>Sheridan's horse Rienzi, stuffed and on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A month later, Sheridan commanded his first forces in combat, leading a small brigade that included his regiment. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Booneville" title="Battle of Booneville">Battle of Booneville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, July 1, 1862, he held back several regiments of Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/James_R._Chalmers" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Chalmers">James R. Chalmers</a>'s Confederate cavalry, deflected a large flanking attack with a noisy diversion, and reported critical intelligence about enemy dispositions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199267–70_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199267–70-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His actions so impressed the division commanders, including Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_S._Rosecrans" class="mw-redirect" title="William S. Rosecrans">William S. Rosecrans</a>, that they recommended Sheridan's promotion to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>. They wrote to Halleck, "Brigadiers scarce; good ones scarce. ... The undersigned respectfully beg that you will obtain the promotion of Sheridan. He is worth his weight in gold." The promotion was approved in September, but dated effective July 1 as a reward for his actions at Booneville.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a166Vol._1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a166Vol._1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Booneville, one of his fellow officers gave him the horse that he named Rienzi after the skirmish of <a href="/wiki/Rienzi,_Mississippi" title="Rienzi, Mississippi">Rienzi, Mississippi</a>, which he rode throughout the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199276_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan was assigned to command the 11th Division, III Corps, in Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Don Carlos Buell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ohio" title="Army of the Ohio">Army of the Ohio</a>. On October 8, 1862, Sheridan led his division in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Battle of Perryville</a>. Under orders from Buell and his corps commander, Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champion_Gilbert" title="Charles Champion Gilbert">Charles Gilbert</a>, Sheridan sent Col. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McCook" title="Daniel McCook">Daniel McCook</a>'s brigade to secure a water supply for the army. McCook drove off the Confederates and secured water for the parched Union troops at Doctor's Creek. Gilbert ordered McCook not to advance any further and then rode to consult with Buell. Along the way, Gilbert ordered his cavalry to attack the Confederates in Dan McCook's front. Sheridan heard the gunfire and came to the front with another brigade. Although the cavalry failed to secure the heights in front of McCook, Sheridan's reinforcements drove off the Southerners. Gilbert returned and ordered Sheridan to return to McCook's original position. Sheridan's aggressiveness convinced the opposing Confederates under Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Leonidas Polk</a>, that they should remain on the defensive. His troops repelled Confederate attacks later that day, but did not participate in the heaviest fighting of the day, which occurred on the Union left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoe2019144–159_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoe2019144–159-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridanp268crop01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sheridanp268crop01.jpg/220px-Sheridanp268crop01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sheridanp268crop01.jpg/330px-Sheridanp268crop01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sheridanp268crop01.jpg/440px-Sheridanp268crop01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> Cavalry General Philip Sheridan</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 31, 1862, the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Battle of Stones River</a>, Sheridan anticipated a Confederate assault and positioned his division in preparation for it. His division held back the Confederate onslaught on his front until their ammunition ran out and they were forced to withdraw. This action was instrumental in giving the Union army time to rally at a strong defensive position. For his actions, he was promoted to major general on April 10, 1863 (with date of rank December 31, 1862). In six months, he had risen from captain to major general.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992104–111,_116_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992104–111,_116-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Army of the Cumberland recovered from the shock of Stones River and prepared for its summer offensive against Confederate General <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a>. Sheridan's division participated in the advance against Bragg in Rosecrans's brilliant <a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tullahoma Campaign">Tullahoma Campaign</a>, and was the lead division to enter the town of <a href="/wiki/Tullahoma,_Tennessee" title="Tullahoma, Tennessee">Tullahoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992120_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992120-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the second day of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Battle of Chickamauga</a>, September 20, 1863, Rosecrans was shifting Sheridan's division behind the Union battle line when Bragg launched an attack into a gap in the Union line. Sheridan's division made a gallant stand on Lytle Hill against an attack by the Confederate corps of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(CSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (CSA)">Lt. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">James Longstreet</a>, but was swamped by retreating Union soldiers. The Confederates drove Sheridan's division from the field in confusion. He gathered as many men as he could and withdrew toward Chattanooga, rallying troops along the way. Learning of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_H._Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="George H. Thomas">George H. Thomas</a>'s <a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XIV Corps (Union Army)">XIV Corps</a> stand on Snodgrass Hill, Sheridan ordered his division back to the fighting, but they took a circuitous route and did not participate in the fighting as some histories claim. His return to the battlefield ensured that he did not suffer the fate of <a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a> who was falsely accused of riding off to Chattanooga leaving the army to its fate, and was soon relieved of command.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarney2013219–228_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarney2013219–228-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Chattanooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Chattanooga">Battle of Chattanooga</a>, at Missionary Ridge on November 25, 1863, Sheridan's division and others in George Thomas's army broke through the Confederate lines in a wild charge that exceeded the orders and expectations of Thomas and <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. Just before his men stepped off, Sheridan told them, "Remember Chickamauga," and many shouted its name as they advanced as ordered to a line of rifle pits in their front. Faced with enemy fire from above, however, they continued up the ridge. Sheridan spotted a group of Confederate officers outlined against the crest of the ridge and shouted, "Here's at you!" An exploding shell sprayed him with dirt and he responded, "That's damn ungenerous! I shall take those guns for that!" The Union charge broke through the Confederate lines on the ridge and Bragg's army fell into retreat. Sheridan impulsively ordered his men to pursue Bragg to the Confederate supply depot at Chickamauga Station, but called them back when he realized that his was the only command so far forward. General Grant reported after the battle, "To Sheridan's prompt movement, the Army of the Cumberland and the nation are indebted for the bulk of the capture of prisoners, artillery, and small arms that day. Except for his prompt pursuit, so much in this way would not have been accomplished."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992143–47_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992143–47-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overland_Campaign">Overland Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Overland Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a></div> <p>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, newly promoted to be general-in-chief of all the Union armies, summoned Sheridan to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Theater of the American Civil War">Eastern Theater</a> to command the Cavalry Corps of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>. Unbeknownst to Sheridan, he was actually Grant's second choice, after Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_B._Franklin" title="William B. Franklin">William B. Franklin</a>, but Grant agreed to a suggestion about Sheridan from Chief of Staff Henry W. Halleck. After the war, and in his memoirs, Grant claimed that Sheridan was the very man he wanted for the job. Sheridan arrived at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac on April 5, 1864, less than a month before the start of Grant's massive <a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a> against <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992153,_155_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992153,_155-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early battles of the campaign, Sheridan's cavalry was relegated by army commander Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">George Meade</a> to its traditional role, including screening, reconnaissance, and guarding trains and rear areas, much to Sheridan's frustration. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Battle of the Wilderness</a> (May 5–6, 1864), the dense forested terrain prevented any significant cavalry role. As the army swung around the Confederate right flank in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania Court House</a>, Sheridan's troopers failed to clear the road from the Wilderness, losing engagements along the Plank Road on May 5 and Todd's Tavern on May 6 through May 8, allowing the Confederates to seize the critical crossroads before the Union infantry could arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200224–27_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200224–27-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 879px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Sheridan in the <a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 330px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sheridan's Richmond Raid, including the Battles of Yellow Tavern and Meadow Bridge"><img alt="Sheridan's Richmond Raid, including the Battles of Yellow Tavern and Meadow Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png/196px-Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png" decoding="async" width="196" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png/294px-Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png/392px-Sheridan%27s_Richmond_Raid.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sheridan's Richmond Raid, including the Battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Yellow Tavern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meadow_Bridge" title="Battle of Meadow Bridge">Meadow Bridge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 330px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Routes of Federal and Confederate cavalry to Trevilian Station, June 7–10, 1864"><img alt="Routes of Federal and Confederate cavalry to Trevilian Station, June 7–10, 1864" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png/250px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png/375px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png/500px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid.png 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Routes of Federal and Confederate cavalry to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trevilian_Station" title="Battle of Trevilian Station">Trevilian Station</a>, June 7–10, 1864</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 330px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sheridan's return to the Army of the Potomac from his Trevilian Station raid, including the Battle of Saint Mary's Church"><img alt="Sheridan's return to the Army of the Potomac from his Trevilian Station raid, including the Battle of Saint Mary's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png/196px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png" decoding="async" width="196" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png/294px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png/392px-Sheridan%27s_Trevilian_Station_Raid_return.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sheridan's return to the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a> from his Trevilian Station raid, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Mary%27s_Church" title="Battle of Saint Mary's Church">Battle of Saint Mary's Church</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>When Meade quarreled with Sheridan for not performing his duties of screening and reconnaissance as ordered, Sheridan told Meade that he could "whip Stuart" if Meade let him. Meade reported the conversation to Grant, who replied, "Well, he generally knows what he is talking about. Let him start right out and do it." Meade deferred to Grant's judgment and issued orders to Sheridan to "proceed against the enemy's cavalry" and from May 9 through May 24, sent him on a raid toward <a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a>, directly challenging the Confederate cavalry. The raid was less successful than hoped; although his raid managed to mortally wound Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="J.E.B. Stuart">J.E.B. Stuart</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Yellow Tavern</a> on May 11 and beat Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Lee" title="Fitzhugh Lee">Fitzhugh Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meadow_Bridge" title="Battle of Meadow Bridge">Meadow Bridge</a> on May 12, the raid never seriously threatened Richmond and it left Grant without cavalry intelligence for Spotsylvania and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Anna" title="Battle of North Anna">North Anna</a>. Historian Gordon C. Rhea wrote, "By taking his cavalry from Spotsylvania Court House, Sheridan severely handicapped Grant in his battles against Lee. The Union Army was deprived of his eyes and ears during a critical juncture in the campaign. And Sheridan's decision to advance boldly to the Richmond defenses smacked of unnecessary showboating that jeopardized his command."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhea200060–64_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhea200060–64-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan,_Merritt,_Gregg,_Davis,_Wilson,_Torbert_-_HA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg/220px-Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg/330px-Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg/440px-Sheridan%2C_Merritt%2C_Gregg%2C_Davis%2C_Wilson%2C_Torbert_-_HA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan and his generals in front of Sheridan's tent, 1864. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eugene_Davies" title="Henry Eugene Davies">Henry E. Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_McM._Gregg" class="mw-redirect" title="David McM. Gregg">David McM. Gregg</a>, Sheridan, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Wesley Merritt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Torbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Torbert">Alfred Torbert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilson" title="James H. Wilson">James H. Wilson</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rejoining the Army of the Potomac, Sheridan's cavalry fought inconclusively at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haw%27s_Shop" title="Battle of Haw's Shop">Haw's Shop</a> (May 28), a battle with heavy casualties that allowed the Confederate cavalry to obtain valuable intelligence about Union dispositions. They seized the critical crossroads that triggered the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Battle of Cold Harbor</a> (June 1 to 12) and withstood a number of assaults until reinforced. Grant then ordered Sheridan on a raid to the northwest to break the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Central_Railroad" title="Virginia Central Railroad">Virginia Central Railroad</a> and to link up with the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> army of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/David_Hunter" title="David Hunter">David Hunter</a>. He was intercepted by the Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Wade Hampton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trevilian_Station" title="Battle of Trevilian Station">Battle of Trevilian Station</a> (June 11–12), where in the largest all-cavalry battle of the war, he achieved tactical success on the first day, but suffered heavy casualties during multiple assaults on the second. He withdrew without achieving his assigned objectives. On his return march, he once again encountered the Confederate cavalry at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Mary%27s_Church" title="Battle of Saint Mary's Church">Samaria (St. Mary's) Church</a> on June 24, where his men suffered significant casualties, but successfully protected the Union supply wagons they were escorting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992172–181Wittenberg200233–41_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992172–181Wittenberg200233–41-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>History draws decidedly mixed opinions on the success of Sheridan in the Overland Campaign, in no small part because the very clear Union victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Yellow Tavern</a>, highlighted by the death of Jeb Stuart, tends to overshadow other actions and battles. In Sheridan's report of the Cavalry Corps' actions in the campaign, discussing the strategy of cavalry fighting cavalry, he wrote, "The result was constant success and the almost total annihilation of the rebel cavalry. We marched when and where we pleased; we were always the attacking party, and always successful." A contrary view has been published by historian Eric J. Wittenberg, who notes that of four major strategic raids (Richmond, Trevilian, <a href="/wiki/Wilson-Kautz_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson-Kautz Raid">Wilson-Kautz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Deep_Bottom" title="First Battle of Deep Bottom">First Deep Bottom</a>) and thirteen major cavalry engagements of the Overland and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond–Petersburg</a> campaigns, only Yellow Tavern can be considered a Union victory, with Haw's Shop, Trevilian Station, Meadow Bridge, Samaria Church, and Wilson-Kautz defeats in which some of Sheridan's forces barely avoided destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200250–51_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200250–51-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Army_of_the_Shenandoah">Army of the Shenandoah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Army of the Shenandoah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridanp268crop02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sheridanp268crop02.jpg/220px-Sheridanp268crop02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sheridanp268crop02.jpg/330px-Sheridanp268crop02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sheridanp268crop02.jpg/440px-Sheridanp268crop02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Union Cavalry General Philip Sheridan</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the war, the Confederacy sent armies out of Virginia through the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> to invade <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and threaten <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Jubal Early</a>, following the same pattern in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Valley Campaigns of 1864</a>, and hoping to distract Grant from the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Siege of Petersburg</a>, attacked Union forces near Washington and raided several towns in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Grant, reacting to the political commotion caused by the invasion, organized the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Military_Division" title="Middle Military Division">Middle Military Division</a>, whose field troops were known as the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army_of_the_Shenandoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army of the Shenandoah">Army of the Shenandoah</a>. He considered various candidates for command, including George Meade, William B. Franklin, and <a href="/wiki/David_Hunter" title="David Hunter">David Hunter</a>, with the latter two intended for the military division while Sheridan would command the army. All of these choices were rejected by either Grant or the War Department and, over the objection of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a>, who believed him to be too young for such a high post, Sheridan took command in both roles at <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry</a> on August 7, 1864. His mission was not only to defeat Early's army and to close off the Northern invasion route, but to deny the Shenandoah Valley as a productive agricultural region to the Confederacy. Grant told Sheridan, "The people should be informed that so long as an army can subsist among them recurrences of these raids must be expected, and we are determined to stop them at all hazards. ... Give the enemy no rest ... Do all the damage to railroads and crops you can. Carry off stock of all descriptions, and negroes, so as to prevent further planting. If the war is to last another year, we want the Shenandoah Valley to remain a barren waste."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482Morris1992182–184Wittenberg200258–60_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482Morris1992182–184Wittenberg200258–60-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/220px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/330px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/440px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption><i>Sheridan's Ride</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Chromolithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromolithograph">chromolithograph</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thure_de_Thulstrup" title="Thure de Thulstrup">Thure de Thulstrup</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sheridan got off to a slow start, needing time to organize and to react to reinforcements reaching Early; Grant ordered him not to launch an offensive "with the advantage against you." And yet Grant expressed frustration with Sheridan's lack of progress. The armies remained unengaged for over a month, causing political consternation in the North as the <a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864 election</a> drew near. The two generals conferred on September 16 at <a href="/wiki/Charles_Town,_West_Virginia" title="Charles Town, West Virginia">Charles Town</a> and agreed that Sheridan would begin his attacks within four days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992184–196_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992184–196-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 19, armed with intelligence about the dispositions and strength of Early's forces around Winchester provided by unionist sympathizer and Quaker teacher <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Wright_Bonsal" title="Rebecca Wright Bonsal">Rebecca Wright</a>, Sheridan beat Early's much smaller army at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opequon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Opequon">Third Winchester</a> and followed up on September 22 with a victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fisher%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Fisher's Hill">Fisher's Hill</a>. As Early attempted to regroup, Sheridan began the punitive operations of his mission, sending his cavalry as far south as <a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a> to seize or destroy livestock and provisions, and to burn barns, mills, factories, and railroads. Sheridan's men did their work relentlessly and thoroughly, rendering over 400 square miles uninhabitable. </p><p>The destruction presaged the <a href="/wiki/Scorched-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorched-earth">scorched-earth</a> tactics of <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March to the Sea</a> through <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and were designed to deny the Confederacy an army base from which to operate and bring the effects of war home to the population supporting it. Residents referred to this widespread destruction as "The Burning," which remain controversial. Sheridan's troops told of the wanton attack in their letters home, calling themselves "barn burners" and "destroyers of homes." One soldier wrote to his family that he had personally set 60 private homes on fire and believed that "it was a hard looking sight to see the women and children turned out of doors at this season of the year" (winter). A Sergeant William T. Patterson wrote that "the whole country around is wrapped in flames, the heavens are aglow with the light thereof ... such mourning, such lamentations, such crying and pleading for mercy [by defenseless women] ... I never saw or want to see again."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeatwole199894_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeatwole199894-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Confederates were not idle during this period and Sheridan's men were plagued by <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> raids by partisan ranger Col. <a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">John S. Mosby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992196–209_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992196–209-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Sheridan assumed that Jubal Early was effectively out of action and he considered withdrawing his army to rejoin Grant at Petersburg, Early received reinforcements and, on October 19 at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Cedar Creek</a>, launched a well-executed surprise attack while Sheridan was absent from his army, ten miles away at <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200275_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200275-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hearing the distant sounds of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, he rode aggressively to his command. He reached the battlefield about 10:30 a.m. and began to rally his men. Fortunately for Sheridan, Early's men were too occupied to take notice; they were hungry and exhausted and fell out to pillage the Union camps. Sheridan's actions are generally credited with saving the day, although Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Horatio_G._Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio G. Wright">Horatio G. Wright</a>, commanding Sheridan's <a href="/wiki/VI_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="VI Corps (Union Army)">VI Corps</a>, already rallied his men and stopped their retreat. Early had been dealt his most significant defeat, rendering his army almost incapable of future offensive action. </p><p>Sheridan received a personal letter of thanks from <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and was promoted to major general in the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">regular army</a> as of November 8, 1864, making him the fourth ranking general in the Army, after Grant, Sherman, and Meade. Grant wrote to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a> after he ordered a 100-gun salute to celebrate Sheridan's victory at Cedar Creek, "Turning what bid fair to be a disaster into glorious victory stamps Sheridan, what I have always thought him, one of the ablest of generals." A famous poem, <i>Sheridan's Ride</i>, was written by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buchanan_Read" title="Thomas Buchanan Read">Thomas Buchanan Read</a> to commemorate the general's return to the battle. Sheridan reveled in the fame that Read's poem brought him, renaming his horse Rienzi to "Winchester," based on the poem's refrain, "Winchester, twenty miles away." The poem was widely used in <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> campaign efforts and some have credited Abraham Lincoln's margin of victory to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001483Morris1992210–221Wittenberg200275–79_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001483Morris1992210–221Wittenberg200275–79-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._War_Dept.,_''Official_Records'',_Vol._43/2423_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._War_Dept.,_''Official_Records'',_Vol._43/2423-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lincoln was pleased at Sheridan's performance as a commander, writing Sheridan and playfully confessing his reassessment of the relatively short officer, "When this peculiar war began, I thought a cavalryman should be six feet four inches, but I have changed my mind. Five foot four will do in a pinch."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelan2012170_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelan2012170-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan spent the next several months occupying <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a>, and was the national military governor of the city after the previous six-month long occupation of his predecessor, national general <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Milroy" title="Robert H. Milroy">Robert H. Milroy</a>. He was occupied with light skirmishing and fighting guerrillas. Although Grant continued his exhortations for Sheridan to move south and break the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Central_Railroad" title="Virginia Central Railroad">Virginia Central Railroad</a> supplying Petersburg, Sheridan resisted. Wright's VI Corps returned to join Grant in November. Sheridan's remaining men, primarily cavalry and artillery, finally moved out of their winter quarters on February 27, 1865, and headed east. </p><p>Writing about Sheridan's occupation of Winchester, a resident wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconMacon1911110–111_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconMacon1911110–111-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>....my pen fails me when I attempt to recall and picture the many disagreeable, contemptible acts committed under General Sheridan's orders, under the name of war measures. I knew him personally from an observation of nearly seven months' duration, and although history records him as a great military man, in some respects he was a low vulgarian. But the proof of this assertion is not for these pages. It makes my cheeks fairly burn now when I remember going there one morning on business. I wore my hair curled and caught up in a bunch with a comb at the back of my head. Coming up to me in a most famil-iar way he took hold of one of my curls; toying with it, he said, "If you give me this I will send you a bridal present when you marry." Having captured several of Mr. Macon's [Her betrothed] letters, he was well posted about matters. He devastated the whole country, far and wide, and in his report gloried over the fact, for he wrote, "I have destroyed a thousand barns filled with wheat, hay, and farming utensils. Have driven in front of the army four thousand cattle and have killed not less than three thousand sheep. So entire has been the destruction that a crow flying across the Valley must carry his rations." All that was left was destroyed by fire and the poor, suffering people were left in despair.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Emma Riely Macon</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The orders from Gen. Grant were largely discretionary, interpreted as permitting Sheridan to either destroy the Virginia Central Railroad and the <a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River Canal</a>, capture <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a> if practical, and then either join William T. Sherman in North Carolina or return to Winchester.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992222–37_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992222–37-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appomattox_Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Appomattox Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png/220px-Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png/330px-Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png/440px-Appomattox_Campaign_Overview.png 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Lee's retreat in the <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</a>, fought between April 3 and April 9, 1865</figcaption></figure> <p>Sheridan interpreted Grant's orders liberally and instead of heading to <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, in March 1865, he moved to rejoin the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a> at <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a>. He wrote in his memoirs, "Feeling that the war was nearing its end, I desired my cavalry to be in at the death."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992239_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992239-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His finest service of the Civil War was demonstrated during his relentless pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s Army, effectively managing the most crucial aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Campaign">Appomattox Campaign</a> for Grant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002159–160_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002159–160-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the way to Petersburg, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia">Battle of Waynesboro</a>, on March 2, 1865, he trapped the remainder of Early's army. and 1,500 soldiers surrendered. On April 1, he cut off General Lee's lines of support at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a>, forcing Lee to evacuate Petersburg. During the battle, he ruined the military career of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_K._Warren" title="Gouverneur K. Warren">Gouverneur K. Warren</a> by removing him from command of the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="V Corps (Union Army)">V Corps</a> under circumstances that a court of inquiry later determined were unjustified. President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> ordered a court of inquiry that convened in 1879 and, after hearing testimony from dozens of witnesses over 100 days, found that Sheridan's relief of Warren had been unjustified. Unfortunately for Warren, these results were not published until after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002127–131._43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002127–131.-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan's aggressive and well-executed performance at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sayler%27s_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sayler's Creek">Battle of Sayler's Creek</a> on April 6 effectively sealed the fate of Lee's army, capturing over 20% of his remaining men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002153_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002153-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Lincoln sent Grant a telegram on April 7: "Gen. Sheridan says 'If the thing is pressed I think that Lee will surrender.' Let the thing be pressed." At <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">Appomattox Court House</a>, on April 9, 1865, Sheridan blocked Lee's escape, forcing the surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> later that day. Grant summed up Little Phil's performance in these final days, saying, "I believe General Sheridan has no superior as a general, either living or dead, and perhaps not an equal."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992254–258_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992254–258-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg/220px-Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg/330px-Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg/440px-Philip_Sheridan_01009a_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4041" data-file-height="6024" /></a><figcaption>Sheridan depicted in a portrait by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a> or <a href="/wiki/Levin_C._Handy" class="mw-redirect" title="Levin C. Handy">Levin C. Handy</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg/220px-General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg/330px-General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg/440px-General_Sheridan_stands_by_his_dispatches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3297" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><i>General Sheridan stands by his dispatches</i>, an illustration of Sheridan by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a>, on January 30, 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>After Gen. Lee's surrender, and that of Gen. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a> in North Carolina, the only significant Confederate field force remaining was in Texas under Gen. <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">Edmund Kirby Smith</a>. Sheridan was supposed to lead troops in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Review_of_the_Armies" title="Grand Review of the Armies">Grand Review of the Armies</a> in Washington, D.C., but Grant appointed him commander of the Military District of the Southwest on May 17, 1865<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> six days before the parade, with orders to defeat Smith without delay and restore Texas and Louisiana to Union control. However, Smith surrendered before Sheridan reached <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Grant was also concerned about the situation in neighboring Mexico, where 40,000 French soldiers propped up the puppet regime of Austrian Archduke <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico" title="Maximilian I of Mexico">Maximilian</a>. He gave Sheridan permission to gather a large Texas occupation force. Sheridan assembled 50,000 men in three corps, quickly occupied Texas coastal cities, spread inland, and began to patrol the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>. The Army's presence, U.S. political pressure, and the growing resistance of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Benito Juárez</a> induced the French to abandon their claims against Mexico. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a> announced a staged withdrawal of French troops to be completed in November 1867. In light of growing opposition at home and concern with the rise of German military prowess, Napoleon III stepped up the French withdrawal, which was completed by March 12, 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992260–269_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992260–269-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 19 of that year, Mexico's republican army had captured, tried, and executed Maximilian. Sheridan later admitted in his memoirs that he had supplied arms and ammunition to Juárez's forces: "... which we left at convenient places on our side of the river to fall into their hands".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a405Vol._1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a405Vol._1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 30, 1866, while Sheridan was in Texas, a white mob broke up the state constitutional convention in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, killing 34 blacks. Shortly after Sheridan returned, he wired Grant, "The more information I obtain of the affair of the 30th in this city the more revolting it becomes. It was no riot; it was an absolute massacre."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992273–274_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992273–274-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1867, with <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> barely started, Sheridan was appointed military governor of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Military_District" title="Fifth Military District">Fifth Military District</a> (Texas and Louisiana). He severely limited voter registration for former Confederates and ruled that only registered voters, including black men, were eligible to serve on juries. Furthermore, an inquiry into the deadly <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans riot">New Orleans riot</a> of 1866 implicated numerous local officials; Sheridan dismissed the mayor of New Orleans, the Louisiana attorney general, and a district judge. Following widespread anti-segregation protests in New Orleans, railroad company leaders met with Sheridan to try to get him to support their efforts to maintain the segregated "star car" system. He rejected their requests, thereby forcing them to desegregate New Orleans street cars.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later removed Louisiana Governor <a href="/wiki/James_M._Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="James M. Wells">James M. Wells</a>, accusing him of being "a political trickster and a dishonest man". He also dismissed Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/James_W._Throckmorton" title="James W. Throckmorton">James W. Throckmorton</a>, a former Confederate, for being an "impediment to the reconstruction of the State", replacing him with the Republican who had lost to him in the previous election <a href="/wiki/Elisha_M._Pease" title="Elisha M. Pease">Elisha M. Pease</a>. Sheridan had been feuding with President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> for months over interpretations of the Military Reconstruction Acts and voting rights issues, and within a month of the second firing, the president removed Sheridan, stating to an outraged Gen. Grant that, "His rule has, in fact, been one of absolute tyranny, without references to the principles of our government or the nature of our free institutions."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992286–296_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992286–296-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan was not popular in Texas, and he did not have much appreciation for Texas, either. In 1866, he quipped that, "If I owned Texas and Hell, I would rent Texas and live in Hell."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcClarey,''Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,''_April_30,_2010_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcClarey,''Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,''_April_30,_2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg/220px-PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg/330px-PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg/440px-PhillipSheridanVignette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> General Philip H. Sheridan</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant">Grant administration</a>, while Sheridan was assigned to duty in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>, he was sent to Louisiana on two additional occasions to deal with problems that lingered in Reconstruction. In January 1875, federal troops intervened in the Louisiana Legislature following attempts by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> to seize control of disputed seats. Sheridan supported <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> governor <a href="/wiki/William_P._Kellogg" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Kellogg">William P. Kellogg</a>, who won the 1872 gubernatorial election, and declared that the Democratic opponents of the Republican regime who used violence to overcome legitimate electoral results were "banditti" who should be subjected to military tribunals and loss of their <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> rights. The Grant administration backed down after an enormous public outcry. A headline in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> shrieked, "Tyranny! A Sovereign State Murdered!" In 1876, Sheridan was sent to New Orleans to command troops keeping the peace in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">disputed 1876 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992349–354,_364–365_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992349–354,_364–365-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Wars">Indian Wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg/220px-Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg/330px-Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg/440px-Schurz_and_Sheridan_and_Red_Man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>A cartoon from <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i> on December 21, 1878, featuring Sheridan and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1866, Sheridan was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Martin_Scott" title="Fort Martin Scott">Fort Martin Scott</a> near <a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Texas" title="Fredericksburg, Texas">Fredericksburg, Texas</a>, to administer the formerly Confederate area. While there, he spent three months subduing marauding Indians in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks,''Fort_Martin_Scott,_''_June_12,_2010_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks,''Fort_Martin_Scott,_''_June_12,_2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this time, President Johnson was dissatisfied with the way Republican Army Generals were administering Reconstruction in the post-war Southern states and sought to replace them with Democratic ones more in tune with the (formerly Confederate) White populations committed to instituting <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a>. </p><p>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> had been assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Missouri" title="Department of the Missouri">Department of the Missouri</a>, an administrative area of over 1,000,000 square miles, encompassing land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, and from Kansas north, but had mishandled his campaign mistreating the Plains Indians, primarily <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a>, resulting in retaliatorily raids that attacked <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">mail coaches</a>, burned stations, and killed employees. The Indians also killed and kidnapped a considerable number of settlers on the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992299_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992299-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to state and territorial governors wanting both more competent Army administration and the Indian uprisings suppressed, coupled with pressures from President Johnson to replace Southern Republican administrators, General Grant swapped Hancock and Sheridan, sending the Democratic Hancock to the Texas post-Confederate area, where he immediately ingratiated himself with the local white population by instituting repressive policies favored by President Johnson's administration and other Democratic politicians throughout the Southern territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992297–300_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992297–300-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, Sheridan took up his responsibilities in the Department of the Missouri. According to the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Historical_Society" title="Kansas Historical Society">Kansas Historical Society</a>: </p><p>"President Ulysses S. Grant wanted Sheridan to pacify the Plains Indians, primarily [in response to] the mishandling of the white/Indian conflict by such notables as Major John Chivington and General Winfield Scott Hancock. ... Sheridan's ultimate goal was to make the Indians give up their traditional way of life and settle on reservations.  His tactic, though bordering on the barbaric, worked."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Sheridan moved into the Plains area, his troops, supplemented with state militias, were spread too thin to have any real effect on the Indian raids so he conceived a strategy of forced deprivation, similar to the one he used in the Shenandoah Valley. In the Winter Campaign of 1868–69 (of which the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Washita River">Battle of Washita River</a> was part) he attacked the Cheyenne, <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> tribes in their winter quarters, taking their supplies and livestock, driving the Indians back on to their <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a>, and killing those who resisted. When Sherman was promoted to General of the Army following Grant's election as President of the United States, Sheridan was appointed to senior command of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Division_of_the_Missouri" title="Military Division of the Missouri">Military Division of the Missouri</a>, with all the Great Plains under his command. Professional hunters, trespassing on Indian reservations, killed over 4 million bison by 1874. As historian Dan Flores has shown, any quotations attributed to Sheridan that celebrate buffalo hunting or that he ever appeared before the Texas legislature about this matter, are almost certainly apocryphal. As Flores notes, "there is no evidence the nineteenth-century Texas legislature ever considered a bill to outlaw or regulate the hide hunt."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlores2016122–124_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlores2016122–124-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenkinson,_''Interview_with_Dan_Flores,''_November_28,_2018_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkinson,_''Interview_with_Dan_Flores,''_November_28,_2018-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These erroneous charges against Sheridan first surfaced in the 1907 memoir of buffalo hunter John Cook. </p><p>Eventually the Indians returned to their designated reservations. Sheridan's department conducted the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ute_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ute War">Ute War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sioux_War_of_1876%E2%80%9377" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Sioux War of 1876–77">Great Sioux War of 1876–77</a>, which resulted in the death of Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>. The Indian raids subsided during the 1870s and were almost over by the early 1880s, as Sheridan became the commanding general of the entire U.S. Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001762Morris1992309–324,_342–349,_357–364,_368,_373–376_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001762Morris1992309–324,_342–349,_357–364,_368,_373–376-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a story that is almost certainly fictitious, Comanche Chief <a href="/wiki/Tosawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosawi">Tosawi</a> was said to have told Sheridan in 1869, "Tosawi, good Indian," to which Sheridan is said to have replied, "The only good Indians I ever saw were dead."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMieder199338–60_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMieder199338–60-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first printed reference to this exchange, more than 100 years later in 1970, in <i><a href="/wiki/Bury_My_Heart_at_Wounded_Knee" title="Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee">Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee</a></i>, author <a href="/wiki/Dee_Brown_(writer)" title="Dee Brown (writer)">Dee Brown</a> attributes the quote to Sheridan, claiming that "Lieutenant Charles Nordstrom, who was present, remembered the words and passed them on, until in time they were honed into an American aphorism: <i>The only good Indian is a dead Indian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1970170–172_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1970170–172-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheridan denied he had ever made the statement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer Roy Morris Jr. states that, nevertheless, popular history credits Sheridan with saying "The only good Indian is a dead Indian." This variation "has been used by friends and enemies ever since to characterize and castigate his Indian-fighting career."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992328_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992328-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Kansas Historical Society: </p><p>"Sheridan has been accused of being unnecessarily cruel; bent on exterminating the Indian. Although he did regard the Indians as "savages" whose one profession was "that of arms," he felt that it would take more than just confining them to reservations to settle the west. It would also be necessary to "exercise some strong authority over him." Although not as sympathetic to the Indians' plight as some other army officers, he did say that, "We took away their country and their means of support…and against this they made war. Could anyone expect less?" He did agree, however, with most soldiers when he blamed the government for the failure of the reservation system. He said it was up to Congress, "to furnish the poor people from whom this country has been taken with sufficient food to enable them to live without suffering the pangs of hunger." This is hardly the attitude one would expect from someone who was purported to say, "The only good Indian is a dead Indian," ... He was above all else, a soldier and in response to some of his critics he stated, "My duties are to protect these people. I have nothing to do with Indians but in this connection…The wife of a man at the center of wealth and civilization and refinement is not more dear to him than is the wife of the pioneer of the frontier. I have no hesitation in making my choice. I am going to stand by the people over whom I am placed and give them what protection I can."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_career">Postwar career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Postwar career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheridan was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> on March 4, 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1870, President Grant, at Sheridan's request, sent him to observe and report on the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>. As a guest of <a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">King Wilhelm I of Prussia</a>, he was present when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon III">Napoléon III</a> surrendered to the Germans, which was gratifying to Sheridan following his experiences with the French in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. He later toured most of Europe and returned to the U.S. to report to Grant that although the Prussians were "very good brave fellows [who] had gone into each battle with the determination to win, ... there is nothing to be learned here professionally." He criticized their handling of cavalry and likened their practices to the manner in which Meade had attempted to supervise him. However, he referred to theirs as a "perfect military system" and had a high opinion of the officer corps. His words on the French were much more harsh; he criticized the French army for not taking numerous opportunities to halt the German advance, for advancing slowly and clumsily themselves, for not taking any of the numerous good opportunities to cut the enemy's unguarded lines of communication, and for being routed frequently. He remarked: "I am disgusted; all my boyhood's fancies of the soldiers of the great Napoleon have been dissipated, or else the soldiers of the "Little Corporal" have lost their elan in the pampered parade soldiers of the 'Man of Destiny'."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992329–330_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992329–330-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1871, Sheridan was present in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> and coordinated military relief efforts. The mayor, <a href="/wiki/Roswell_B._Mason" title="Roswell B. Mason">Roswell B. Mason</a>, to calm the panic, placed the city under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, and issued a proclamation putting Sheridan in charge. As there were no widespread disturbances, martial law was lifted within a few days. Although Sheridan's personal residence was spared, all of his professional and personal papers were destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992335–338_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992335–338-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_Race_Track" title="Washington Park Race Track">Washington Park Race Track</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/American_Derby" title="American Derby">American Derby</a> in 1883 he served as its first president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood1945149_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood1945149-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 1, 1883, Sheridan succeeded General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a> as Commanding General of the U.S. Army, and held that position until his death. He was promoted on June 1, 1888, shortly before his death, to the rank of <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a> (the rank was titled "<a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army of the United States</a>", by Act of Congress June 1, 1888, the same rank held earlier by Grant and Sherman, which is equivalent to a five-star general, O-11, in the modern U.S. Army).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan served as commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</a> (MOLLUS), a military society of officers who served in the Union armed forces and their descendants, from 1886 until his death in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Society of the Army of the Potomac">Society of the Army of the Potomac</a> when it was founded in 1869 and as the ninth president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of America">National Rifle Association of America</a> in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox,''The_"Academy"_Must_Now_Share_Michael_Moore`s_Cinematic_Shame,''_December_3,_2010_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox,''The_"Academy"_Must_Now_Share_Michael_Moore`s_Cinematic_Shame,''_December_3,_2010-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yellowstone">Yellowstone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Yellowstone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(19179607381).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg/220px-Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg/330px-Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg/440px-Gen._Philip_Henry_Sheridan_%2819179607381%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6444" data-file-height="4301" /></a><figcaption>Sheridan's headstone at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, with the inscription facing the national capital in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The protection of the Yellowstone area was Sheridan's personal crusade. He authorized Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Doane" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Doane">Gustavus Doane</a> to escort the <a href="/wiki/Washburn-Langford-Doane_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition">Washburn Expedition</a> in 1870 and for Major <a href="/wiki/John_W._Barlow" title="John W. Barlow">John W. Barlow</a> to escort the <a href="/wiki/F.V._Hayden" class="mw-redirect" title="F.V. Hayden">Hayden</a> Expedition in 1871. Barlow named <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sheridan" title="Mount Sheridan">Mount Sheridan</a>, a peak overlooking <a href="/wiki/Heart_Lake_(Wyoming)" title="Heart Lake (Wyoming)">Heart Lake</a> in Yellowstone, for the general in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittlesey1988107_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittlesey1988107-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1875, Sheridan promoted military control of the area to prevent the destruction of natural formations and wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1882, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> granted rights to the Yellowstone Park Improvement Company to develop 4,000 acres (1,619 ha) in the park. Their plan was to build a railroad into the park and sell the land to developers. Sheridan personally organized opposition to the plan and lobbied <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> for protection of the park; including expansion, military control, reducing the development to 10 acres (4 ha), and prohibiting leases near park attractions. In addition, he arranged an expedition to the park for President <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> and other influential men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992378–79_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992378–79-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His lobbying soon paid off. A rider was added to the Sundry Civil Bill of 1883, giving Sheridan and his supporters almost everything for which they had asked. In 1886, after a string of ineffectual and sometimes criminal superintendents, Sheridan ordered the 1st U.S. Cavalry into the park. The military operated the park until the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> took it over in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan is mentioned favorably in <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Parks:_America%27s_Best_Idea" title="The National Parks: America's Best Idea">The National Parks: America's Best Idea</a></i>, Episode I, for his work saving <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns,_''The_National_Parks:_America's_Best_Idea,''_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns,_''The_National_Parks:_America's_Best_Idea,''_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/George_Bird_Grinnell" title="George Bird Grinnell">Grinnell's</a> fight against the railroad interests was soon joined by an unlikely ally—General Philip Sheridan, a cavalry hero of the Civil War and celebrated Indian fighter, who was now commander of the U.S. Army for much of the West. Sheridan even suggested that Yellowstone should be expanded to provide greater protection for the elk and buffalo. The idea was immediately opposed by Western politicians who believed that Yellowstone was already too big. </p><p>In Washington, Grinnell, Sheridan and Missouri Senator <a href="/wiki/George_Graham_Vest" title="George Graham Vest">George Vest</a> took on the railroad lobby directly, calling for an investigation into the park contracts, proposing the expansion of Yellowstone, and trying to write park regulations concerning hunting into law. While the bill to expand Yellowstone failed, Congress did appropriate $40,000 for its maintenance; however, funds to maintain the park were stripped away in August 1886. It seemed Yellowstone would have to fend for itself. </p><p> Coming to the rescue, Sheridan dispatched Troop M of the First United States Cavalry to take control of Yellowstone.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Parks:_America%27s_Best_Idea" title="The National Parks: America's Best Idea">The National Parks: America's Best Idea</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg/220px-General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg/330px-General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg/440px-General_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_during_the_1880s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Sheridan as a general during the 1880s</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 3, 1875, Sheridan married Irene Rucker, a daughter of Army Quartermaster General <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Rucker" title="Daniel H. Rucker">Daniel H. Rucker</a>. She was 22, and he was 44. They had four children: Mary, born in 1876; twin daughters, Irene and Louise, in 1877; and Philip Jr., in 1880. After the wedding, Sheridan and his wife moved to Washington, D.C. They lived in a house given to them by Chicago citizens in appreciation for Sheridan's protection of the city after the Great Chicago Fire in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992350,_384_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992350,_384-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip Sheridan Jr. was an army officer who attained the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> and was the husband of Isabel McGunnegle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isabel McGunnegle was the daughter of army officer <a href="/wiki/George_K._McGunnegle" title="George K. McGunnegle">George K. McGunnegle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1888 Sheridan suffered a series of massive heart attacks two months after sending his memoirs to the publisher. Although thin in his youth, by 57 years of age he had reached a weight of over 200 pounds. After his first heart attack, the U.S. Congress quickly passed legislation to promote him to general of the army on June 1, 1888, and he received the news from a congressional delegation with joy, despite his pain. </p><p>His family moved him from the heat of Washington to his summer cottage in the Nonquitt enclave of <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Dartmouth, Massachusetts">Dartmouth, Massachusetts</a>, where he died of heart failure on August 5, 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_''DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN''_p._1,_August_6,_1888_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_''DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN''_p._1,_August_6,_1888-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His body was returned to Washington and he was buried on a hillside facing the capital city near <a href="/wiki/Arlington_House,_The_Robert_E._Lee_Memorial" title="Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial">Arlington House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992392_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992392-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan's_Widow''_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan's_Widow''-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sculpture on the marker was executed by English sculptor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_James_Kitson" title="Samuel James Kitson">Samuel James Kitson</a>. The burial helped elevate Arlington to national prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson200730_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson200730-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife Irene never remarried, saying, "I would rather be the widow of Phil Sheridan than the wife of any man living."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992388–393_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992388–393-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Philip_Sheridan" title="Special:EditPage/Philip Sheridan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-$10-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg/220px-US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg/330px-US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg/440px-US-%2410-TN-1891-Fr-371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3904" /></a><figcaption>Sheridan memorialized on the 1890 $10 <a href="/wiki/Treasury_(Coin)_Note" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury (Coin) Note">Treasury note</a>, one of only 53 people ever depicted on <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_United_States_banknotes" title="List of people on United States banknotes">United States banknotes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sheridan is the only person to be featured on a U.S. ten-dollar bill who was strictly associated with the military and not politics. He is featured on $5 and $10 bills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntique_Money,_''Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,''_January_3,_2013_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntique_Money,_''Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,''_January_3,_2013-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan appeared on <a href="/wiki/U.S._ten-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. ten-dollar bill">$10 U.S. Treasury notes</a> issued in 1890 and 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His bust then reappeared on the <a href="/wiki/Educational_Series" title="Educational Series">$5 silver certificate</a> in 1896. These rare notes are in great demand by collectors today.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPMEX_''Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG''_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPMEX_''Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG''-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sheridan,_Illinois" title="Fort Sheridan, Illinois">Fort Sheridan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> was named to honor General Sheridan's many services to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGannett1905128–129_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGannett1905128–129-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An equestrian statue of Sheridan by <a href="/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum" title="Gutzon Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a> (sculptor of the figures on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Avenue_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmont Avenue (Chicago)">Belmont Avenue</a> and Sheridan Road in Chicago depicts the general on his horse, Rienzi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoadsideAmerica,_''Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC''_(2023)_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoadsideAmerica,_''Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC''_(2023)-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Road" title="Sheridan Road">Sheridan Road</a> begins in Chicago, continues mostly along the shoreline of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> for about 60 miles (96 km) through the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Chicago)" title="North Shore (Chicago)">North Shore</a> suburbs, and leads to the Town of Fort Sheridan and ultimately <a href="/wiki/Racine,_Wisconsin" title="Racine, Wisconsin">Racine, Wisconsin</a>. The landmark former U.S. Army base named for the general is now a reserve post and upscale residential community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEfortsheridan.com_''Fort_Sheridan,''_(1999)_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEfortsheridan.com_''Fort_Sheridan,''_(1999)-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M551_Sheridan" title="M551 Sheridan">M551 Sheridan</a> tank is named after Sheridan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sheridan" title="Mount Sheridan">Mount Sheridan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> was named for Sheridan by Captain John W. Barlow in 1871. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sheridan_(Colorado)" title="Mount Sheridan (Colorado)">Mount Sheridan</a> in Colorado is also named for him. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheridan_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheridan Prize (page does not exist)">Sheridan Prize</a> is a yacht-racing perpetual trophy awarded to the winner of an annual race on <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Lake" title="Geneva Lake">Geneva Lake</a>. It was begun on the occasion of the general's visit to Lake Geneva (then, Geneva) in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELake_Geneva_Yacht_Club,_''Club_History,''_(2022)_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELake_Geneva_Yacht_Club,_''Club_History,''_(2022)-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Post Office">U.S. Post Office</a> issued a series of commemorative stamp issues honoring various Army and Navy heroes. Among them was an issue commemorating Generals <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_T._Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Sherman">William T. Sherman</a> and <i>Philip H. Sheridan</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg/220px-Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg/330px-Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg/440px-Sherman_Grant_Sheridan_1937_Issue-3c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States#Issues_of_the_Civil_War_era" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Generals Sherman, Grant and Sheridan, Issue of 1937</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_North_Dakota" title="Sheridan County, North Dakota">Sheridan County, North Dakota</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_Nebraska" title="Sheridan County, Nebraska">Sheridan County, Nebraska</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_Montana" title="Sheridan County, Montana">Sheridan County, Montana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_Wyoming" title="Sheridan County, Wyoming">Sheridan County, Wyoming</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_County,_Kansas" title="Sheridan County, Kansas">Sheridan County, Kansas</a>, are named for him, as are the communities of <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_California" title="Sheridan, California">Sheridan, California</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln_News_Messenger,_''Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,''_p._14,_November_29,_1973_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln_News_Messenger,_''Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,''_p._14,_November_29,_1973-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Colorado" title="Sheridan, Colorado">Sheridan, Colorado</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Montana" title="Sheridan, Montana">Sheridan, Montana</a> (in Madison County); <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Wyoming" title="Sheridan, Wyoming">Sheridan, Wyoming</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Arkansas" title="Sheridan, Arkansas">Sheridan, Arkansas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Oregon" title="Sheridan, Oregon">Sheridan, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Indiana" title="Sheridan, Indiana">Sheridan, Indiana</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Illinois" title="Sheridan, Illinois">Sheridan, Illinois</a> (LaSalle County). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheridan Square">Sheridan Square</a> in the West Village of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> is named for the general and his <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Philip_Sheridan_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Philip Sheridan (New York City)">statue</a> is displayed nearby in Christopher Street Park. <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Circle" title="Sheridan Circle">Sheridan Circle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sheridan Street,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Sheridan-Kalorama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheridan-Kalorama">Sheridan-Kalorama</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, are also named after him. Sheridan Avenue in the Bronx is one block east of Sherman Avenue. Sheridan Boulevard is a major north–south thoroughfare in Denver, Colorado. </p><p>The only equestrian Civil War statue in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> honors Sheridan. It is in the center <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circle</a> on <a href="/wiki/US_Route_22" class="mw-redirect" title="US Route 22">US Route 22</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Ohio" title="Somerset, Ohio">Somerset, Ohio</a>, not far from the house where Sheridan grew up. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_High_School_(Thornville,_Ohio)" title="Sheridan High School (Thornville, Ohio)">Sheridan High School</a> is located 5 miles (8 km) north of General Sheridan's home town of Somerset. The athletic team is nicknamed "The Generals". </p><p>Sheridan Glacier, located 15 miles (25 km) outside of <a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova, Alaska</a> was named in his honor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg/220px-Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg/330px-Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg/440px-Phil_Sheridan_statue_Albany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8160" data-file-height="4590" /></a><figcaption>The equestrian statue of Sheridan on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, which was dedicated in 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, there is an equestrian statue of Sheridan in front of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol" title="New York State Capitol">New York State Capitol</a>, near Sheridan Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG/220px-General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG/330px-General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG/440px-General_Philip_Sheridan_Memorial_-_Rienzi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Philip_Sheridan_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan (Washington, D.C.)"><i>Equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Circle" title="Sheridan Circle">Sheridan Circle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1899, the U.S. Army Transport <i><a href="/wiki/USAT_Sheridan" title="USAT Sheridan">Sheridan</a></i> was named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the United States <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">liberty ship</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberty_ships_(M%E2%80%93R)" title="List of Liberty ships (M–R)">SS Philip H. Sheridan</a></i>, was named in his honor. </p><p>Sheridan Road in <a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton, Oklahoma</a>, leads to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>, where Sheridan supposedly uttered the words "The only good Indians I ever saw were dead." </p><p>Sheridan Drive in Arlington National Cemetery partially encircles the area that contains the general's gravesite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sheridan Gate, constructed in 1879 and dismantled and placed in storage in 1971, was once the Cemetery's main entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigler200543_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigler200543-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A statue of Sheridan by <a href="/wiki/Allen_George_Newman" title="Allen George Newman">Allen George Newman</a> is sited in <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_324" title="New York State Route 324">New York State Route 324</a> ("Sheridan Drive") in the northern suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, is named for Sheridan Road in Chicago, and thus indirectly after Philip Sheridan. An equestrian statue of the general was planned to be built there in 1925<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPercy199780_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPercy199780-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a> wrote a descriptive piece for band memorializing Sheridan. Describing "Sheridan's Ride", published in 1891, as a "Scenes Historical", Sousa musically characterized Sheridan's famous ride back to his army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Cedar Creek</a>. The composition has six sections: Waiting for the Bugle, The Attack, The Death of Thoburn, The Coming of Sheridan, and The Apotheosis. </p><p>Sheridan Hall<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFHSU,_''Sheridan_Hall,''_February_9,_2015_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFHSU,_''Sheridan_Hall,''_February_9,_2015-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hays_State_University" title="Fort Hays State University">Fort Hays State University</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Hays,_Kansas" title="Hays, Kansas">Hays, Kansas</a>, is named in honor of Sheridan. The building commemorates Sheridan's time stationed at the Fort Hays military post. </p><p>The original site of the Phil Sheridan Elementary School in Chicago, which opened in 1888, was in the <a href="/wiki/South_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="South Chicago">South Chicago</a> neighborhood. In 1998, the school was renamed the Arnold Mireles Academy in memory of a murdered South Side community activist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFacebook,_''Phil_Sheridan_elementary_school''_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFacebook,_''Phil_Sheridan_elementary_school''-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESperling,_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_January_7,_2015_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESperling,_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_January_7,_2015-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present-day Sheridan Elementary School in Chicago is a magnet school located at 533 W. 27th Street, in the city's <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Chicago" title="Bridgeport, Chicago">Bridgeport</a> neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChicago_Public_Schools_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_1980_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChicago_Public_Schools_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_1980-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Broward_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Broward County">Broward County</a>, in southern <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, there is another road named after Sheridan, <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Road_822" title="Florida State Road 822">Florida State Road 822</a>, also known as "Sheridan Street", which runs on an east–west configuration, between <a href="/wiki/State_Road_A1A" class="mw-redirect" title="State Road A1A">State Road A1A</a> at Hollywood Beach and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_27" title="U.S. Route 27">U.S. Route 27</a>, which borders the <a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the novel series <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_War_(novel_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood of War (novel series)"><i>The Brotherhood of War</i></a>, the Parker family males are named after Philip Sheridan; the two most prominent are Philip Sheridan Parker III and Philip Sheridan Parker IV. The latter's great-great-grandfather supposedly fought with General Sheridan in the Indian Wars as a Master Sergeant in the <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th U.S. Cavalry Regiment</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Alexie" title="Sherman Alexie">Sherman Alexie</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Reservation_Blues" title="Reservation Blues">Reservation Blues</a></i>, Sheridan is portrayed as a head hunter for a record label responsible for the downfall of the novel's protagonist's band Coyote Springs. The link between the real Sheridan and the character in the book is made explicit in a brutal dream experienced by one of the characters.</li> <li>Sheridan is featured, and interacts with the characters, in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Teeth" title="Dragon Teeth">Dragon Teeth</a></i> (2017).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onscreen">Onscreen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Onscreen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheridan has been portrayed in films and television over the years:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDb_(2023)_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDb_(2023)-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(1930_film)" title="Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)">Abraham Lincoln</a></i> (1930), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Campeau" title="Frank Campeau">Frank Campeau</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Old_Chicago" title="In Old Chicago">In Old Chicago</a></i> (1938), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Blackmer" title="Sidney Blackmer">Sidney Blackmer</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail_(film)" title="Santa Fe Trail (film)">Santa Fe Trail</a></i> (1940), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/David_Bruce_(actor)" title="David Bruce (actor)">David Bruce</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Died_with_Their_Boots_On" title="They Died with Their Boots On">They Died with Their Boots On</a></i> (1941), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/John_Litel" title="John Litel">John Litel</a>. The movie inaccurately portrays Sheridan as a colonel and the commandant of the U.S. Military Academy before the start of the Civil War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_(1950_film)" title="Rio Grande (1950 film)">Rio Grande</a></i> (1950), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/J._Carrol_Naish" title="J. Carrol Naish">J. Carrol Naish</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Wells_Fargo" title="Tales of Wells Fargo">Tales of Wells Fargo</a></i> (1957) in the episode "The General", <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fix" title="Paul Fix">Paul Fix</a> appears as an irascible General Philip Sheridan. He appears much like the real General Sheridan right down to the handlebar mustache.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rifleman" title="The Rifleman">The Rifleman</a></i> (1958) features <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dobkin" title="Lawrence Dobkin">Lawrence Dobkin</a> as Sheridan in an episode "The Sheridan Story", wherein he befriends a wounded Confederate veteran who was severely wounded in the war (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Dano" title="Royal Dano">Royal Dano</a>), who is staying temporarily on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucas_McCain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucas McCain (page does not exist)">Lucas McCain</a>'s ranch n the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a>. It is revealed that McCain, played by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Connors" title="Chuck Connors">Chuck Connors</a>, served under Sheridan during the war.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rebel_(American_TV_series)" title="The Rebel (American TV series)">The Rebel</a></i> (1960) features Andrew J. Fenady in the role of Sheridan in the episode "Johnny Yuma at Appomattox".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_Days" title="Death Valley Days">Death Valley Days</a></i> (1961) features <a href="/wiki/H._M._Wynant" title="H. M. Wynant">H. M. Wynant</a> as Sheridan in the episode, "The Red Petticoat". In the story line, Sheridan's friendship with Indian scout Kahlu (Allen Jaffe) (1928–1989) is questioned after a number of ambushes result in dead troopers. Sheridan sticks to his instincts and defends his ally against the enraged residents of the fort. <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Andrews" title="Stanley Andrews">Stanley Andrews</a> was the host.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDb,_"Death_Valley_Days"_The_Red_Petticoat_(TV_Episode_1961)_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDb,_"Death_Valley_Days"_The_Red_Petticoat_(TV_Episode_1961)-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Branded_(TV_series)" title="Branded (TV series)">Branded (TV series)</a></i> (1966) featured <a href="/wiki/John_Pickard_(American_actor)" title="John Pickard (American actor)">John Pickard (American actor)</a> as Sheridan in six episodes, including a three-part episode in which Jason McCord (<a href="/wiki/Chuck_Connors" title="Chuck Connors">Chuck Connors</a>) assists President Grant in heading off a heedless attack on Indians by General Custer.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_West_Was_Won_(TV_series)" title="How the West Was Won (TV series)">How the West Was Won</a></i> (1978), Season 2, Episode 2 and (1979), Season 3, Episode 6, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Bieri" title="Ramon Bieri">Ramon Bieri</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_(miniseries)" title="North and South (miniseries)">North and South, Book II</a></i> (1986), Episode 6, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Clu_Gulager" title="Clu Gulager">Clu Gulager</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Straczynski" title="J. Michael Straczynski">J. Michael Straczynski</a> has stated that the character of <a href="/wiki/John_Sheridan_(Babylon_5)" title="John Sheridan (Babylon 5)">Captain John Sheridan</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a></i> television series is intended to be a direct descendant of General Sheridan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Points_of_Departure,"_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Points_of_Departure,"_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheridan is described in the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/The_West_(miniseries)" title="The West (miniseries)"><i>The West</i></a> (1996) as "a ruthless warrior" who "played a decisive role in the army's long campaign against the native peoples of the plains". And "at Petersburg he won an important victory that halted Robert E. Lee's retreat from Richmond and helped bring the war to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dates of rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Component</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>No insignia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadet#United_States" title="Cadet">Cadet, USMA</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></td> <td>July 1, 1848 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">Brevet Second Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>July 1, 1853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_2nd_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>November 22, 1854 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_1st_lt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>March 1, 1861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_cpt_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>May 14, 1861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/75px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/113px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/150px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Volunteers" title="United States Volunteers">Volunteers</a></td> <td>May 25, 1862 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td>Volunteers</td> <td>July 1, 1862 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Volunteers</td> <td>December 31, 1862 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_brig_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>September 20, 1864 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/75px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/113px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg/150px-Union_army_maj_gen_rank_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>November 8, 1864 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_LTG_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Usa_LTG_1861.jpg/75px-Usa_LTG_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Usa_LTG_1861.jpg/113px-Usa_LTG_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Usa_LTG_1861.jpg/150px-Usa_LTG_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="75" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>March 4, 1869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_General_insignia_(1866).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg/75px-US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg/113px-US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg/150px-US_Army_General_insignia_%281866%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>June 1, 1888 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Union)" title="List of American Civil War generals (Union)">List of American Civil War generals (Union)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes/References"><span id="Notes.2FReferences"></span>Notes/References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes/References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 50em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris writes that "on or about March 6" and that Sheridan himself claimed various dates and birthplaces on different occasions in his life.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheridan claimed Albany on March 6, 1831, from the time he was 17, but alternative possibilities include; on September 6, 1831; onboard a ship sailing to New York from <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts. Morris<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> points out that Sheridan harbored presidential ambitions from an early age and could have deliberately claimed a U.S. birthplace in order to claim natural born citizenship, a requirement for the office. Wittenberg<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002142–43_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002142–43-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argues strongly for Ireland, citing a stone marker on the parents' former house and county parish records in <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris and Frederksen claim that Sheridan lied about his age to enter the Academy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Varney makes a strong case against other historians who had bought into the narrative that Rosecrans had abandoned his army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECozzens1992376–90,_466–467Morris1992127–136Wittenberg200211_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECozzens1992376–90,_466–467Morris1992127–136Wittenberg200211-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheridan's gravesite is in Section 2, Lot 1, of Arlington National Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigler2005132_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigler2005132-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coordinates of gravesite: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Philip_Sheridan&params=38.881013_N_77.0723_W_type:landmark&title=Gravesite+of+Philip+Sheridan"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°52′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°04′20″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.881013°N 77.072300°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.881013; -77.072300</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Gravesite of Philip Sheridan</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Example notes are displayed on the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco website.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESan_Francisco_Fed,_''American_Currency_Exhibit,''_January_5,_2015_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESan_Francisco_Fed,_''American_Currency_Exhibit,''_January_5,_2015-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coordinates of Sheridan Circle, Washington, D.C.: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Philip_Sheridan&params=38.912107_N_77.050638_W_type:landmark&title=Sheridan+Circle%2C+Washington%2C+D.C."><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°54′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°03′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.912107°N 77.050638°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.912107; -77.050638</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sheridan Circle, Washington, D.C.</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coordinates of Sheridan Street, Washington, D.C.: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Philip_Sheridan&params=38.966083_N_77.021627_W_type:landmark&title=Sheridan+Street%2C+Washington%2C+D.C."><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°57′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.966083°N 77.021627°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.966083; -77.021627</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sheridan Street, Washington, D.C.</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199210–11_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEicherEicher2001">Eicher & Eicher (2001)</a>, p. 482.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002142–43-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002142–43_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 142–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris19921-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris19921_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760Morris199215-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760Morris199215_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2000">Fredriksen (2000)</a>, p. 1760; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg20022-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg20022_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482–483_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEicherEicher2001">Eicher & Eicher (2001)</a>, pp. 482–483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliamLockley1916368–69-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliamLockley1916368–69_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliamLockley1916">Gilliam & Lockley (1916)</a>, pp. 368–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–46O'Connor195354–56-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–46O'Connor195354–56_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 41–46; <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor1953">O'Connor (1953)</a>, pp. 54–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760–1762-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001760–1762_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2000">Fredriksen (2000)</a>, pp. 1760–1762.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–59SheaHess1997276Wittenberg20024–5-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199241–59SheaHess1997276Wittenberg20024–5_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 41–59; <a href="#CITEREFSheaHess1997">Shea & Hess (1997)</a>, p. 276; <a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment''-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment''_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFU.S._NARA,_Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment">U.S. NARA, <i>Compiled Military Service Record of Colonel Philip H. Sheridan, 2nd Michigan Cavalry Regiment</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199267–70-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199267–70_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 67–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a166Vol._1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a166Vol._1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheridan1888a">Sheridan (1888a)</a>, p. 166, Vol. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199276-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199276_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoe2019144–159-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoe2019144–159_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoe2019">Noe (2019)</a>, pp. 144–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992104–111,_116-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992104–111,_116_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 104–111, 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992120-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992120_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarney2013219–228-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarney2013219–228_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarney2013">Varney (2013)</a>, pp. 219–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECozzens1992376–90,_466–467Morris1992127–136Wittenberg200211-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECozzens1992376–90,_466–467Morris1992127–136Wittenberg200211_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCozzens1992">Cozzens (1992)</a>, pp. 376–90, 466–467; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 127–136; <a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992143–47-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992143–47_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 143–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992153,_155-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992153,_155_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 153, 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200224–27-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200224–27_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 24–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERhea200060–64-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhea200060–64_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRhea2000">Rhea (2000)</a>, pp. 60–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992172–181Wittenberg200233–41-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992172–181Wittenberg200233–41_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 172–181; <a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 33–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200250–51-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200250–51_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482Morris1992182–184Wittenberg200258–60-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001482Morris1992182–184Wittenberg200258–60_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEicherEicher2001">Eicher & Eicher (2001)</a>, p. 482; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 182–184; <a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 58–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992184–196-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992184–196_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 184–196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeatwole199894-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeatwole199894_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeatwole1998">Heatwole (1998)</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992196–209-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992196–209_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 196–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200275-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg200275_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001483Morris1992210–221Wittenberg200275–79-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEicherEicher2001483Morris1992210–221Wittenberg200275–79_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEicherEicher2001">Eicher & Eicher (2001)</a>, p. 483; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 210–221; <a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 75–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._War_Dept.,_''Official_Records'',_Vol._43/2423-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._War_Dept.,_''Official_Records'',_Vol._43/2423_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._43/2">U.S. War Dept., <i>Official Records</i>, Vol. 43/2</a>, p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheelan2012170-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheelan2012170_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheelan2012">Wheelan (2012)</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconMacon1911110–111-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconMacon1911110–111_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaconMacon1911">Macon & Macon (1911)</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992222–37-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992222–37_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 222–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992239-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992239_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002159–160-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002159–160_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002127–131.-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002127–131._43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, pp. 127–131..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002153-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWittenberg2002153_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWittenberg2002">Wittenberg (2002)</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992254–258-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992254–258_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 254–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992260–269-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992260–269_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 260–269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a405Vol._1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan1888a405Vol._1_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheridan1888a">Sheridan (1888a)</a>, p. 405, Vol. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992273–274-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992273–274_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 273–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Historic New Orleans Collection, "Protests, politics, and a police chase: the fight to integrate streetcars in 1867"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992286–296-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992286–296_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 286–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcClarey,''Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,''_April_30,_2010-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcClarey,''Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,''_April_30,_2010_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcClarey,Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,_April_30,_2010">McClarey,<i>Sheridan, Hell and Texas,</i> April 30, 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992349–354,_364–365-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992349–354,_364–365_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 349–354, 364–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks,''Fort_Martin_Scott,_''_June_12,_2010-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks,''Fort_Martin_Scott,_''_June_12,_2010_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrooks,Fort_Martin_Scott,_June_12,_2010">Brooks,<i>Fort Martin Scott, </i> June 12, 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992299-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992299_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992297–300-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992297–300_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 297–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKansapedia,_''Philip_Sheridan,''_April_12,_2012_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKansapedia,_Philip_Sheridan,_April_12,_2012">Kansapedia, <i>Philip Sheridan,</i> April 12, 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlores2016122–124-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlores2016122–124_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlores2016">Flores (2016)</a>, pp. 122–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkinson,_''Interview_with_Dan_Flores,''_November_28,_2018-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenkinson,_''Interview_with_Dan_Flores,''_November_28,_2018_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJenkinson,_Interview_with_Dan_Flores,_November_28,_2018">Jenkinson, <i>Interview with Dan Flores,</i> November 28, 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001762Morris1992309–324,_342–349,_357–364,_368,_373–376-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen20001762Morris1992309–324,_342–349,_357–364,_368,_373–376_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2000">Fredriksen (2000)</a>, p. 1762; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 309–324, 342–349, 357–364, 368, 373–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMieder199338–60-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMieder199338–60_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMieder1993">Mieder (1993)</a>, p. 38–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1970170–172-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1970170–172_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1970">Brown (1970)</a>, pp. 170–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992328-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992328_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992329–330-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992329–330_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 329–330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992335–338-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992335–338_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 335–338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood1945149-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood1945149_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderwood1945">Underwood (1945)</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECox,''The_"Academy"_Must_Now_Share_Michael_Moore`s_Cinematic_Shame,''_December_3,_2010-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox,''The_"Academy"_Must_Now_Share_Michael_Moore`s_Cinematic_Shame,''_December_3,_2010_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCox,The_"Academy"_Must_Now_Share_Michael_Moore`s_Cinematic_Shame,_December_3,_2010">Cox,<i>The "Academy" Must Now Share Michael Moore`s Cinematic Shame,</i> December 3, 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittlesey1988107-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittlesey1988107_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhittlesey1988">Whittlesey (1988)</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2002">MacDonald (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992378–79-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992378–79_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 378–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns,_''The_National_Parks:_America's_Best_Idea,''_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns,_''The_National_Parks:_America's_Best_Idea,''_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurns,_The_National_Parks:_America's_Best_Idea,_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009">Burns, <i>The National Parks: America's Best Idea,</i> Episode I, September 27, 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992350,_384-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992350,_384_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 350, 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_''Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week.''_p._13,_April_12,_1913_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHonolulu_Star-Bulletin,_Two_Notable_Weddings_of_the_Week._p._13,_April_12,_1913">Honolulu Star-Bulletin, <i>Two Notable Weddings of the Week.</i> p. 13, April 12, 1913</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Evening_Star,_''Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here.''_p._7,_February_18,_1918_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Evening_Star,_Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here._p._7,_February_18,_1918">The Evening Star, <i>Maj. Sheridan, Son of Noted Warrior, Dies Here.</i> p. 7, February 18, 1918</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_''DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN''_p._1,_August_6,_1888-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_''DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN''_p._1,_August_6,_1888_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNew_York_Times,_DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN_p._1,_August_6,_1888">New York Times, <i>DEATH OF GEN. SHERIDAN</i> p. 1, August 6, 1888</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992392-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992392_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, p. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigler2005132-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigler2005132_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBigler2005">Bigler (2005)</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan's_Widow''-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._NARA,_''Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan's_Widow''_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFU.S._NARA,_Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan's_Widow">U.S. NARA, <i>Approved Pension File for Philip Sheridan's Widow</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson200730-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson200730_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2007">Atkinson (2007)</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992388–393-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992388–393_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris (1992)</a>, pp. 388–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntique_Money,_''Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,''_January_3,_2013-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntique_Money,_''Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,''_January_3,_2013_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAntique_Money,_Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,_January_3,_2013">Antique Money, <i>Who Is on Old Ten Dollar Bills,</i> January 3, 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESan_Francisco_Fed,_''American_Currency_Exhibit,''_January_5,_2015-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESan_Francisco_Fed,_''American_Currency_Exhibit,''_January_5,_2015_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSan_Francisco_Fed,_American_Currency_Exhibit,_January_5,_2015">San Francisco Fed, <i>American Currency Exhibit,</i> January 5, 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPMEX_''Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG''-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPMEX_''Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG''_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPMEX_Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG">APMEX <i>Buy 1891 $10 Treasury Note Sheridan VF-25 PMG</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGannett1905128–129-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGannett1905128–129_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGannett1905">Gannett (1905)</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoadsideAmerica,_''Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC''_(2023)-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoadsideAmerica,_''Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC''_(2023)_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoadsideAmerica,_Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC_(2023)">RoadsideAmerica, <i>Stuffed Civil War Hero Horse, Washington, DC</i> (2023)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEfortsheridan.com_''Fort_Sheridan,''_(1999)-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEfortsheridan.com_''Fort_Sheridan,''_(1999)_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFfortsheridan.com_Fort_Sheridan,_(1999)">fortsheridan.com <i>Fort Sheridan,</i> (1999)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELake_Geneva_Yacht_Club,_''Club_History,''_(2022)-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELake_Geneva_Yacht_Club,_''Club_History,''_(2022)_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLake_Geneva_Yacht_Club,_Club_History,_(2022)">Lake Geneva Yacht Club, <i>Club History,</i> (2022)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELincoln_News_Messenger,_''Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,''_p._14,_November_29,_1973-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELincoln_News_Messenger,_''Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,''_p._14,_November_29,_1973_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLincoln_News_Messenger,_Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,_p._14,_November_29,_1973">Lincoln News Messenger, <i>Sheridan Starts Life as Union Shed,</i> p. 14, November 29, 1973</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYOGS,_''Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,''_February_9,_2015_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNYOGS,_Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,_February_9,_2015">NYOGS, <i>Phillip Henry Sheridan Memorial,</i> February 9, 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClay2010" class="citation book cs1">Clay, Steven E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/OrderofBattle4.pdf"><i>U.S. Army Order Of Battle 1919-1941</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 4. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 2178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Order+Of+Battle+1919-1941&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=2178&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Clay&rft.aufirst=Steven+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armyupress.army.mil%2FPortals%2F7%2Fcombat-studies-institute%2Fcsi-books%2FOrderofBattle4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigler200543-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigler200543_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBigler2005">Bigler (2005)</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPercy199780-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPercy199780_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPercy1997">Percy (1997)</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFHSU,_''Sheridan_Hall,''_February_9,_2015-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFHSU,_''Sheridan_Hall,''_February_9,_2015_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFHSU,_Sheridan_Hall,_February_9,_2015">FHSU, <i>Sheridan Hall,</i> February 9, 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFacebook,_''Phil_Sheridan_elementary_school''-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFacebook,_''Phil_Sheridan_elementary_school''_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFacebook,_Phil_Sheridan_elementary_school">Facebook, <i>Phil Sheridan elementary school</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESperling,_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_January_7,_2015-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESperling,_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_January_7,_2015_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSperling,_Phil_Sheridan_School,_January_7,_2015">Sperling, <i>Phil Sheridan School,</i> January 7, 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChicago_Public_Schools_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_1980-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChicago_Public_Schools_''Phil_Sheridan_School,''_1980_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChicago_Public_Schools_Phil_Sheridan_School,_1980">Chicago Public Schools <i>Phil Sheridan School,</i> 1980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDb_(2023)-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDb_(2023)_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIMDb_(2023)">IMDb (2023)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIMDb,_"Death_Valley_Days"_The_Red_Petticoat_(TV_Episode_1961)-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIMDb,_"Death_Valley_Days"_The_Red_Petticoat_(TV_Episode_1961)_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIMDb,_"Death_Valley_Days"_The_Red_Petticoat_(TV_Episode_1961)">IMDb, "Death Valley Days" The Red Petticoat (TV Episode 1961)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Points_of_Departure,"_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Points_of_Departure,"_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF"Points_of_Departure,"_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)">"Points of Departure," Welcome to Midwinter (1994)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)">PBS - THE WEST Philip Henry Sheridan (2001)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Atkinson, Rick</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b06BTT7LLEUC"><i>Where Valor Rests: Arlington National Cemetery</i></a>. Washington DC: National Geographic Books. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0089-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0089-2"><bdi>978-1-4262-0089-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1322115863">1322115863</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Valor+Rests%3A+Arlington+National+Cemetery&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1322115863&rft.isbn=978-1-4262-0089-2&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db06BTT7LLEUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigler2005" class="citation book cs1">Bigler, Philip (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inhonoredgloryar0000bigl_d3k6/mode/2up"><i>In Honored Glory: Arlington National Cemetery, The Final Post</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (4th ed.). St. Petersburg, FL: Vandamere Press. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918339-67-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918339-67-6"><bdi>978-0-918339-67-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63042404">63042404</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Honored+Glory%3A+Arlington+National+Cemetery%2C+The+Final+Post&rft.place=St.+Petersburg%2C+FL&rft.pages=151&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Vandamere+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63042404&rft.isbn=978-0-918339-67-6&rft.aulast=Bigler&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finhonoredgloryar0000bigl_d3k6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Brown, Dee (1970). Written at New York, NY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=02nyRlY4rMUC&pg=PA170"><i>Bury my heart at Wounded Knee</i></a>. New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt & Co. p. 487. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-1730-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-1730-4"><bdi>978-0-8050-1730-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1043525255">1043525255</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bury+my+heart+at+Wounded+Knee&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=487&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1043525255&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-1730-4&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Dee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D02nyRlY4rMUC%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozzens1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cozzens" title="Peter Cozzens">Cozzens, Peter</a> (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thisterriblesoun0000cozz/mode/2up"><i>This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 675. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-01703-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-01703-2"><bdi>978-0-252-01703-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25165083">25165083</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Terrible+Sound%3A+The+Battle+of+Chickamauga&rft.place=Urbana%2C+IL&rft.pages=675&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25165083&rft.isbn=978-0-252-01703-2&rft.aulast=Cozzens&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthisterriblesoun0000cozz%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEicherEicher2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Eicher" title="John H. Eicher">Eicher, John H.</a> & <a href="/wiki/David_J._Eicher" title="David J. Eicher">Eicher, David J.</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilwarhighcomm0000eich/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Civil War High Commands</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 1009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3641-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3641-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-3641-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45917117">45917117</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+High+Commands&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=1009&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45917117&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3641-1&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Eicher%2C+David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilwarhighcomm0000eich%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Flores" title="Dan Flores">Flores, Dan L.</a> (2016). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanserenget0000flor/mode/2up"><i>American Serengeti: The Last Big Animals of the Great Plains</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2227-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2227-6"><bdi>978-0-7006-2227-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928490311">928490311</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Serengeti%3A+The+Last+Big+Animals+of+the+Great+Plains&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928490311&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-2227-6&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Dan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanserenget0000flor%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredriksen2000" class="citation book cs1">Fredriksen, John C (2000). Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T. & Coles, David J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=isbn:039304758X"><i>Philip Henry Sheridan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 2773. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04758-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04758-5"><bdi>978-0-393-04758-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49681605">49681605</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+Henry+Sheridan&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Civil+War%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pages=2773&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49681605&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04758-5&rft.aulast=Fredriksen&rft.aufirst=John+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Ftbm%3Dbks%26q%3Disbn%3A039304758X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannett1905" class="citation book cs1">Gannett, Henry (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States</i></a>. Washington, DC: Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. pp. 128–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Certain+Place+Names+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=128-129&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Interior%2C+United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Gannett&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliamLockley1916" class="citation journal cs1">Gilliam, Martha Elizabeth & <a href="/wiki/Fred_Lockley" title="Fred Lockley">Lockley, Fred</a> (1916). "Reminiscences of Mrs. Frank Collins, nee Martha Elizabeth Gilliam". <i>The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society</i>. <b>17</b> (4). Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society: 358–372. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2153-1706">2153-1706</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20610053">20610053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+of+the+Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Reminiscences+of+Mrs.+Frank+Collins%2C+nee+Martha+Elizabeth+Gilliam&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=358-372&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20610053%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2153-1706&rft.aulast=Gilliam&rft.aufirst=Martha+Elizabeth&rft.au=Lockley%2C+Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeatwole1998" class="citation book cs1">Heatwole, John L. (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781883522186"><i>The Burning: Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1st ed.). Charlottesville, VA: Rockbridge Pub. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883522-18-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883522-18-6"><bdi>978-1-883522-18-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246283751">246283751</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Burning%3A+Sheridan+in+the+Shenandoah+Valley&rft.place=Charlottesville%2C+VA&rft.pages=266&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Rockbridge+Pub.&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246283751&rft.isbn=978-1-883522-18-6&rft.aulast=Heatwole&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781883522186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Andrew_Hutton" title="Paul Andrew Hutton">Hutton, Paul Andrew</a> (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philsheridanhisa0000hutt/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Phil Sheridan and His Army</i></a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2329-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2329-5"><bdi>978-0-8032-2329-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10694656">10694656</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phil+Sheridan+and+His+Army&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10694656&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-2329-5&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Paul+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilsheridanhisa0000hutt%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2002" class="citation web cs1">MacDonald, Jim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yellowstone-online.com/paper.html">"The Founding of Yellowstone National Park into Law and into Fact by James Macdonald Jr"</a>. <i>The Magic of Yellowstone National Park</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Illinois Press: 38–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F541345">10.2307/541345</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8715">0021-8715</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/541345">541345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=%22The+Only+Good+Indian+Is+a+Dead+Indian%22%3A+History+and+Meaning+of+a+Proverbial+Stereotype&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=419&rft.pages=38-60&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0021-8715&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F541345%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F541345&rft.aulast=Mieder&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaconMacon1911" class="citation book cs1">Macon, Emma Cassandra Riely & Macon, Reuben Conway (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reminiscencesofc00maco?view=theater"><i>Reminiscences of the Civil War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cedar Rapids, IA: The Torch Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/769154094">769154094</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Cedar+Rapids%2C+IA&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=The+Torch+Press&rft.date=1911&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F769154094&rft.aulast=Macon&rft.aufirst=Emma+Cassandra+Riely&rft.au=Macon%2C+Reuben+Conway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freminiscencesofc00maco%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1992" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Roy Jr. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpYOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan</i></a> (1st ed.). New York, NY: Crown Publishing. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-58070-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-58070-7"><bdi>978-0-517-58070-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24906319">24906319</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheridan%3A+The+Life+and+Wars+of+General+Phil+Sheridan&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=464&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24906319&rft.isbn=978-0-517-58070-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Roy+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCpYOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoe2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_W._Noe" title="Kenneth W. Noe">Noe, Kenneth W.</a> (2019). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gTqryzCbqKwC"><i>Perryville: This Grand Havoc of Battle</i></a></span>. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2209-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2209-0"><bdi>978-0-8131-2209-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1157181778">1157181778</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perryville%3A+This+Grand+Havoc+of+Battle&rft.place=Lexington%2C+KY&rft.pages=494&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1157181778&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2209-0&rft.aulast=Noe&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgTqryzCbqKwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1953" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, Richard (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CDKkX8quoDcC"><i>Sheridan, the Inevitable</i></a> (1995 Smithmark ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8317-2440-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8317-2440-5"><bdi>978-0-8317-2440-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32912262">32912262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheridan%2C+the+Inevitable&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pages=400&rft.edition=1995+Smithmark&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32912262&rft.isbn=978-0-8317-2440-5&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCDKkX8quoDcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPercy1997" class="citation book cs1">Percy, John W. (1997). <i>The Town of Tonawanda</i>. Images of America. 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Webster. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1328468316">1328468316</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Memoirs+of+P.+H.+Sheridan%2C+General+United+States+Army&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=C.L.+Webster&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1328995019&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Philip+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F4362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._8" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1883). <i>Operations in Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Nov. 19, 1861-Apr 10, 1862</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. VIII–XVIII. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079893719">2027/coo.31924079893719</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Missouri%2C+Arkansas%2C+Kansas%2C+and+Indian+Territory.+Nov.+19%2C+1861-Apr+10%2C+1862&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1883&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079893719&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._16/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1887). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jun 10-Oct 31, 1862, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XX - XXXII - I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594">2027/coo.31924079609594</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/907005027">907005027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+Jun+10-Oct+31%2C+1862%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F907005027&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._16/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1887). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Jun 10-Oct 31, 1862, Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XX - XXXII - I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594">2027/coo.31924079609594</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/907005027">907005027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+Jun+10-Oct+31%2C+1862%2C+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F907005027&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._17/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1886). <i>Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. Jun 10, 1862-Jan 20, 1863, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XVII-XXIX-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594">2027/coo.31924079609594</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+West+Tennessee+and+Northern+Mississippi.+Jun+10%2C+1862-Jan+20%2C+1863%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079609594&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._17/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1886). <i>Operations in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. Jun 10, 1862-Jan 20, 1863, Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIX-XXIV-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077730236">2027/coo.31924077730236</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+West+Tennessee+and+Northern+Mississippi.+Jun+10%2C+1862-Jan+20%2C+1863%2C+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077730236&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._20/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1887). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Nov. 1, 1862-Jan. 20, 1863, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XX-XXXII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079609602">2027/coo.31924079609602</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+Nov.+1%2C+1862-Jan.+20%2C+1863%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079609602&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._20/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1887). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. Nov. 1, 1862-Jan. 20, 1863, Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XX-XXXII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924080772233">2027/coo.31924080772233</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+Nov.+1%2C+1862-Jan.+20%2C+1863%2C+Correspondence%2C+etc&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924080772233&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._23/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1889). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. January 21 – August 10, 1863. – Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIII-XXXV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077699720">2027/coo.31924077699720</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+January+21+%E2%80%93+August+10%2C+1863.+%E2%80%93+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1889&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077699720&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._23/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1889). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. January 21 – August 10, 1863, Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIII-XXXV-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077722985">2027/coo.31924077722985</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Middle+and+East+Tennessee%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+Southwest+Virginia.+January+21+%E2%80%93+August+10%2C+1863%2C+Correspondence%2C+etc&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1889&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077722985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1899). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924080796638">2027/coo.31924080796638</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+August+11-October+19%2C+1863%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924080796638&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1899). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077699878">2027/coo.31924077699878</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+August+11-October+19%2C+1863%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077699878&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/3" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1899). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863, Union Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924123182242">2027/coo.31924123182242</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+August+11-October+19%2C+1863%2C+Union+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924123182242&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/4" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1899). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-IV. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077699860">2027/coo.31924077699860</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+August+11-October+19%2C+1863%2C+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077699860&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1890). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31, 1863, Reports and Union Correspondence</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXI-XLIII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077699852">2027/coo.31924077699852</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+October+20-December+31%2C+1863%2C+Reports+and+Union+Correspondence&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077699852&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1890). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31, 1863, Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXI-XLIII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077700270">2027/coo.31924077700270</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+October+20-December+31%2C+1863%2C+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077700270&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/3" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1890). <i>Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. October 20-December 31, 1863, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXI–XLIII. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077699845">2027/coo.31924077699845</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427057">427057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Kentucky%2C+Southwest+Virginia%2C+Tennessee%2C+Mississippi%2C+North+Alabama%2C+and+North+Georgia.+October+20-December+31%2C+1863%2C+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077699845&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427057&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._37/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1891). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1 – August 3, 1864, Reports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXVII-XLIX-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077728289">2027/coo.31924077728289</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+May+1+%E2%80%93+August+3%2C+1864%2C+Reports%2C+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1891&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077728289&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._37/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1891). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1 – August 3, 1864 – Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXXVII-XLIX-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077723041">2027/coo.31924077723041</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+May+1+%E2%80%93+August+3%2C+1864+%E2%80%93+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1891&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077723041&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._43/1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1893). <i>Operations in Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4-December 31, 1864, Reports, Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLIII-LV -I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077728289">2027/coo.31924077728289</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+Virginia%2C+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+August+4-December+31%2C+1864%2C+Reports%2C+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077728289&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._43/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1893). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. May 1 – August 3, 1864 – Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLIII-LV -II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079601096">2027/coo.31924079601096</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+May+1+%E2%80%93+August+3%2C+1864+%E2%80%93+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079601096&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/1,_Sec.1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1894). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4 – December 31, 1864, Section 1 - Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-I-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079575332">2027/coo.31924079575332</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+August+4+%E2%80%93+December+31%2C+1864%2C+Section+1+-+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1894&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079575332&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/1,_Sec.2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1894). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4 – December 31, 1864, Section 2 - Reports</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-I-2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079575340">2027/coo.31924079575340</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+August+4+%E2%80%93+December+31%2C+1864%2C+Section+2+-+Reports&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1894&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079575340&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1895). <i>Operations in Northern West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. August 4 – December 31, 1864. – Union and Confederate Correspondence, etc</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924077729014">2027/coo.31924077729014</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+August+4+%E2%80%93+December+31%2C+1864.+%E2%80%93+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence%2C+etc.&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924077729014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/3,_Sec.1" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1895). <i>Operations in Northern and Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina (January 1–31), West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1 – June 30, 1865. Section 1 – Union and Confederate Correspondence</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-III-1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079618777">2027/coo.31924079618777</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+and+Southeastern+Virginia%2C+North+Carolina+%28January+1%E2%80%9331%29%2C+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+January+1+%E2%80%93+June+30%2C+1865.+Section+1+%E2%80%93+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079618777&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/3,_Sec.2" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> (1895). <i>Operations in Northern and Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina (January 1–31), West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. January 1 – June 30, 1865. Section 2 – Union and Confederate Correspondence</i>. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XLVI-LVIII-III-2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924079618785">2027/coo.31924079618785</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857196196">857196196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operations+in+Northern+and+Southeastern+Virginia%2C+North+Carolina+%28January+1%E2%80%9331%29%2C+West+Virginia%2C+Maryland%2C+and+Pennsylvania.+January+1+%E2%80%93+June+30%2C+1865.+Section+2+%E2%80%93+Union+and+Confederate+Correspondence&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+A+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924079618785&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F857196196&rft.au=U.S.+War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood1945" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Underwood" title="Thomas R. Underwood">Underwood, Thomas Rust</a> (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-cNngEACAAJ"><i>Thoroughbred Racing & Breeding: The Story of the Sport and Background of the Horse Industry</i></a> (2006 Kessinger ed.). Baltimore, MD: Thoroughbred Racing Associations of the United States, Inc (Dulany-Vernay Co.). p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-6070-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4191-6070-7"><bdi>978-1-4191-6070-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61178653">61178653</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1895. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/557475145">557475145</a>.</li> <li>Forsyth, George A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thrillingdaysin00forsgoog"><i>Thrilling Days in Army Life</i></a>. New York and London, Harper & Bros., 1900. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/166607232">166607232</a>.</li> <li>Suppiger, Joseph E. "Sheridan, The Life of a General." <i>Lincoln Herald</i> (Sept 1984), 86#3 pp. 157–70 on prewar; 87#1 pp. 18–26 on 1862–63; 87#2 pp. 49–57, on 1863–64.</li> <li>Wheelan, Joseph. <i>Terrible Swift Sword: The Life of General Philip H. Sheridan</i>. New York: Da Capo Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82027-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82027-4">978-0-306-82027-4</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Civil War</b> </p> <ul><li>Bissland, James. <i>Blood, Tears, and Glory: How Ohioans Won the Civil War</i>. Wilmington, OH: Orange Frazer Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-933197-05-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-933197-05-6">1-933197-05-6</a>.</li> <li>Coffey, David. <i>Sheridan's Lieutenants: Phil Sheridan, His Generals, and the Final Year of the Civil War</i>. Wilmington, DE: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-4306-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-4306-4">0-7425-4306-4</a>.</li> <li>Drake, William F. <i>Little Phil: The Story of General Philip Henry Sheridan</i>. Prospect, CT: Biographical Publishing Company, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-929882-37-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-929882-37-3">978-1-929882-37-3</a>.</li> <li>Feis, William B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/civil_war_history/v039/39.3.feis.html">"Neutralizing the Valley: The Role of Military Intelligence in the Defeat of Jubal Early's Army of the Valley, 1864–1865."</a> <i>Civil War History</i> 39#3 (September 1993): 199–215.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher" title="Gary W. Gallagher">Gallagher, Gary W.</a>, ed. <i>The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864</i>. Military Campaigns of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3005-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3005-5">978-0-8078-3005-5</a>.</li> <li>Gallagher, Gary W., ed. <i>Struggle for the Shenandoah: Essays on the 1864 Valley Campaign</i>. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-429-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-429-6">0-87338-429-6</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Samuel H. "Yellow Tavern." <i>Civil War History</i> 2#1 (March 1956): 57–81.</li> <li>Naroll, Raoul S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1982366">"Sheridan and Cedar Creek—A Reappraisal."</a> <i>Military Affairs</i> 16#4 (Winter, 1952): 153–68.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Stackpole" title="Edward J. Stackpole">Stackpole, Edward J.</a> <i>Sheridan in the Shenandoah: Jubal Early's Nemesis</i> Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-28901-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-28901-4">978-0-585-28901-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffry_D._Wert" title="Jeffry D. Wert">Wert, Jeffry D.</a> <i>From Winchester to Cedar Creek: The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-67806-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-67806-X">0-671-67806-X</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Postwar</b> </p> <ul><li>Dawson, Joseph G. III. "General Phil Sheridan and Military Reconstruction in Louisiana," <i>Civil War History</i> 24#2 (June 1978): 133–51.</li> <li>Richter, William L. "General Phil Sheridan, The Historians, and Reconstruction, <i>Civil War History</i> 33#2 (June 1987): 131–54.</li> <li>Taylor, Morris F. "The Carr–Penrose Expedition: General Sheridan's Winter Campaign, 1868–1869." <i>Chronicles of Oklahoma</i> 51#2 (June 1973): 159–76.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Philip_Sheridan" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philip_Sheridan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/988">Works by Philip Sheridan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20P%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20Henry%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22P%2E%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20Henry%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20Henry%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20P%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20P%2E%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20Henry%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20title%3A%22P%2E%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20Henry%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22P%2E%20H%2E%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%20H%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20Sheridan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Sheridan%2C%20Philip%22%29%20OR%20%28%221831-1888%22%20AND%20Sheridan%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Philip Sheridan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sheridan.htm">PBS on Sheridan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/history/ep1/5/">PBS <i>National parks</i> on Sheridan, including rare images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/102/150.html"><i>Sheridan's Ride</i> poem</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frbsf.org/currency/metal/treasury/index2.html">Pictures of US Treasury Notes featuring Philip Sheridan, provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Philip_Henry_Sheridan" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Philip Henry Sheridan">Philip Henry Sheridan</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philip+Henry+Sheridan&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/S#Sheridan,_Philip_Henry" class="extiw" title="s:The Nuttall Encyclopædia/S">Sheridan, Philip Henry</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="The Nuttall Encyclopædia">The Nuttall Encyclopædia</a></i>. 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sheridan%2C+Philip+Henry&rft.btitle=The+Nuttall+Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Sheridan,_Philip_Henry" class="extiw" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sheridan, Philip Henry">Sheridan, Philip Henry</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sheridan%2C+Philip+Henry&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Sheridan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aotc.net/Sheridan.htm">Commentary on Sheridan's role at Chickamauga</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_T._Sherman" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. Sherman">William T. Sherman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Commanding General of the United States Army</a> </b><br />1883–1888 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Schofield" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Schofield">John M. Schofield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">National Rifle Association of America </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Rifle_Association" title="List of presidents of the National Rifle Association">President of the NRA</a> </b><br />1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Wood_Wingate" title="George Wood Wingate">George Wood Wingate</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template talk:US Army Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer /<br /> Commanding General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doughty" title="John Doughty">Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harmar" title="Josiah Harmar">Harmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Brown_(general)" title="Jacob Brown (general)">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_(general)" title="Alexander Macomb (general)">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">W. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Miles</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Baldwin_Marks_Young" title="Samuel Baldwin Marks Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adna_Chaffee" title="Adna Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bates" title="John C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Franklin_Bell" title="J. Franklin Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Wotherspoon" title="William Wallace Wotherspoon">Wotherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">H. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_H._Bliss" title="Tasker H. Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_C._March" title="Peyton C. March">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hines" title="John L. Hines">Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pelot_Summerall" title="Charles Pelot Summerall">Summerall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Craig" title="Malin Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ridgway" title="Matthew Ridgway">Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Wheeler" title="Earle Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Keith_Johnson" title="Harold Keith Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_W._Rogers" title="Bernard W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Meyer" title="Edward C. Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Vuono" title="Carl E. Vuono">Vuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Shinseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schoomaker" title="Peter Schoomaker">Schoomaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey_Jr." title="George W. Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Odierno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley">Milley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_George" title="Randy George">George</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_H._Haislip" title="Wade H. Haislip">Haislip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hull" title="John E. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bolte" title="Charles L. Bolte">Bolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_B._Palmer" title="Williston B. Palmer">W. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_D._Eddleman" title="Clyde D. Eddleman">Eddleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Hamlett" title="Barksdale Hamlett">Hamlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Haines_Jr." title="Ralph E. Haines Jr.">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Kerwin_Jr." title="Walter T. Kerwin Jr.">Kerwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kroesen" title="Frederick Kroesen">Kroesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Vessey_Jr." title="John William Vessey Jr.">Vessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_R._Thurman" title="Maxwell R. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Brown_Jr." title="Arthur E. Brown Jr.">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._RisCassi" title="Robert W. RisCassi">RisCassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Binford_Peay_III" title="J. H. Binford Peay III">Peay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Tilelli_Jr." title="John H. Tilelli Jr.">Tilelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Griffith" title="Ronald H. Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crouch" title="William W. Crouch">Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Shinseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Keane" title="Jack Keane">Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey_Jr." title="George W. Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Cody" title="Richard A. Cody">Cody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Chiarelli" title="Peter W. Chiarelli">Chiarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Campbell_(general)" title="John F. Campbell (general)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_B._Allyn" title="Daniel B. Allyn">Allyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Martin" title="Joseph M. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_George" title="Randy George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Mingus" title="James J. Mingus">Mingus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_leading_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War">Timeline leading to the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullification_crisis" title="Nullification crisis">Nullification crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">South Carolina Declaration of Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_as_a_positive_good_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery as a positive good in the United States">Positive good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Debates_on_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane Debates on Slavery">Lane Debates on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Sella_Martin" title="J. Sella Martin">J. Sella Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">Caning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="CombatantsTheatersCampaignsBattlesStates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Combatants</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>States</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Eastern theater of the American Civil War">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Western theater of the American Civil War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_seaboard_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lower seaboard theater of the American Civil War">Lower Seaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War">Pacific Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union naval blockade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Campaigns of the American Civil War">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">Blockade runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Valley_campaign" title="Jackson's Valley campaign">Jackson's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_campaign" title="Northern Virginia campaign">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_campaign" title="Maryland campaign">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_campaign" title="Gettysburg campaign">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristoe_campaign" title="Bristoe campaign">Bristoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_campaign" title="Atlanta campaign">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_campaigns_of_1864" title="Valley campaigns of 1864">Valley 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign" title="Bermuda Hundred campaign">Bermuda Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_campaign" title="Franklin–Nashville campaign">Franklin–Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Missouri_Expedition" title="Price's Missouri Expedition">Price's Missouri Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign_(1865)" title="Mobile campaign (1865)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_campaign" title="Appomattox campaign">Appomattox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles" title="List of American Civil War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">1st Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Wilson's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Pea Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">2nd Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Cold Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado in the American Civil War">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Connecticut in the American Civil War">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory#Dakota_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hawaii and the American Civil War">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho in the American Civil War">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Iowa in the American Civil War">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maine in the American Civil War">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota#Civil_War_era_and_Dakota_War_of_1862" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana in the American Civil War">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nebraska Territory in the American Civil War">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Civil_War:_1861–1865" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ohio in the American Civil War">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Oregon in the American Civil War">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Rhode Island in the American Civil War">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah in the American Civil War">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Vermont in the American Civil War">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington in the American Civil War">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wisconsin in the American Civil War">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Charleston in the American Civil War">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_leadership_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military leadership in the American Civil War">Leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. H. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(general)" title="Samuel Cooper (general)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gorgas" title="Josiah Gorgas">Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">A. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">J. E. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan" title="John Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">E. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Memminger" title="Christopher Memminger">Memminger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Seddon" title="James Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Buell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_McDowell" title="Irvin McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ord" title="Edward Ord">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (military officer)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">D. D. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Welles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax riot of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_colonies" title="Confederate colonies">Confederate refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederados" title="Confederados">Confederados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Eufaula riot of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a> of 1873</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">first inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">second inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">impeachment managers investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis riots of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans riot of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of April 1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Council" title="Fort Smith Council">Indian Council at Fort Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Claims_Commission" title="Southern Claims Commission">Southern Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-<br />Reconstruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Centennial" title="American Civil War Centennial">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Discovery_Trail" title="Civil War Discovery Trail">Civil War Discovery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Roundtable" title="Civil War Roundtable">Civil War Roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trails_Program" title="Civil War Trails Program">Civil War Trails Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War Trust">Civil War Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Decoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">Historiographic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag" title="Modern display of the Confederate battle flag">Modern display of the Confederate flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society" title="Southern Historical Society">Southern Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Union_Civil_War_monuments_and_memorials" title="List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_the_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials to Lincoln</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">artworks in Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Jefferson_Davis" title="List of memorials to Jefferson Davis">memorials to Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Robert_E._Lee" title="List of memorials to Robert E. Lee">memorials to Lee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Memorial_Association" title="Ladies' Memorial Association">Ladies' Memorial Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Era_National_Cemeteries_MPS" title="Civil War Era National Cemeteries MPS">U.S. national cemeteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Veterans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1913 Gettysburg reunion">1913 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1938 Gettysburg reunion">1938 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Veteran" title="Confederate Veteran">Confederate Veteran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_soldiers%27_home" title="Old soldiers' home">Old soldiers' homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_of_Honor" title="Southern Cross of Honor">Southern Cross of Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Campaign_Medal" title="Civil War Campaign Medal">Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Home_Guard" title="Confederate Home Guard">Confederate Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Confederate railroads in the American Civil War">Confederate railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_revolving_cannon" title="Confederate revolving cannon">Confederate revolving cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Field artillery in the American Civil War">Field artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Medicine in the American Civil War">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of naval battles of the American Civil War">Naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_Union_and_Confederate_Armies" title="Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies">Official Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Ranger_Act" title="Partisan Ranger Act">Partisan rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_prison_camps" title="American Civil War prison camps">POW camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Foods of the American Civil War">Rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Corps_Badges" title="American Civil War Corps Badges">Union corps badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_Balloon_Corps" title="Union Army Balloon Corps">U.S. Balloon Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Union)" title="Home Guard (Union)">U.S. Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Railroad" title="United States Military Railroad">U.S. Military Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War">Committee on the Conduct of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States presidential election">Confederate States presidential election of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Diplomacy of the American Civil War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">Habeas Corpus Act of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of politicians killed in the American Civil War">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential Election of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Music of the American Civil War">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lincoln_Portrait" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lincoln Portrait">A Lincoln Portrait</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Through_Georgia" title="Marching Through Georgia">Marching Through Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Johnny_Comes_Marching_Home" title="When Johnny Comes Marching Home">When Johnny Comes Marching Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daar_kom_die_Alibama" title="Daar kom die Alibama">Daar kom die Alibama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_the_Civil_War" title="Italian Americans in the Civil War">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Native Americans in the American Civil War">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_battlefield_preservation" title="American Civil War battlefield preservation">Battlefield preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Bibliography of the American Civil War">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_war_finance" title="Confederate war finance">Confederate war finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies" title="American Civil War spies">Espionage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Secret_Service" title="Confederate Secret Service">Confederate Secret Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army_revival" title="Confederate States Army revival">Great Revival of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_issues_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Gender issues in the American Civil War">Gender issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Naming the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">New York City Gold Hoax of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographers_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Photographers of the American Civil War">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bread_riots" title="Southern bread riots">Richmond riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Salt in the American Civil War">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War">Supreme Court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_Civil_War_soldiers" title="List of female American Civil War soldiers">Women soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of films and television shows about the American Civil War">List of films and television shows about the American Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War" title="Category:American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1880)_1884_United_States_presidential_election_(1888_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1884 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1884 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1884 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1880)_1884_United_States_presidential_election_(1888_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">← 1880</a>) <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Samuel J. Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._McDonald" title="Joseph E. McDonald">Joseph E. McDonald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention" title="1884 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (incumbent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">George F. Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Joseph R. Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philip Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Robert T. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0BDA51;"><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Monopoly_Party" title="Anti-Monopoly Party">Anti-Monopoly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Absolom_M._West" title="Absolom M. West">Absolom M. West</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Harper_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Harper (politician) (page does not exist)">Jesse Harper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_St._John_(American_politician)" title="John St. John (American politician)">John St. John</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_(Maryland_politician)" title="William Daniel (Maryland politician)">William Daniel</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/National_Equal_Rights_Party" title="National Equal Rights Party">National Equal Rights Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Ann Lockwood</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Marietta_Stow" title="Marietta Stow">Marietta Stow</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1884 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1884 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_and_1885_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/19px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/29px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/38px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355452#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355452#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113286093">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312540">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/36829/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkTdjJWMC9Tw9x6Wp8pyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118950053">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79061256">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153540351">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153540351">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07393223X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810532272305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/261219">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280565805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118950053">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082059802">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583012">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6q92436">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6br8q7c">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&oldid=1259549124">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sheridan&oldid=1259549124</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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Template:Military_navigation"," 5.56% 126.287 24 Template:Cite_web"," 5.36% 121.809 4 Template:Navbox"," 4.71% 107.063 8 Template:ISBN"," 4.41% 100.282 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.333","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15724960,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Points_of_Departure,\u0026quot;_Welcome_to_Midwinter_(1994)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAPMEX_Buy_1891_$10_Treasury_Note_Sheridan_VF-25_PMG\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntique_Money,_Who_Is_on_Old_Ten_Dollar_Bills,_January_3,_2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtkinson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBigler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooks,Fort_Martin_Scott,_June_12,_2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurns,_The_National_Parks:_America\u0026#039;s_Best_Idea,_Episode_I,_September_27,_2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChicago_Public_Schools_Phil_Sheridan_School,_1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClay2010\"] = 1,\n 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[\"CITEREFLincoln_News_Messenger,_Sheridan_Starts_Life_as_Union_Shed,_p._14,_November_29,_1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconMacon1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClarey,Sheridan,_Hell_and_Texas,_April_30,_2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMieder1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNYOGS,_Phillip_Henry_Sheridan_Memorial,_February_9,_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times,_DEATH_OF_GEN._SHERIDAN_p._1,_August_6,_1888\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPBS_-_THE_WEST_Philip_Henry_Sheridan_(2001)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPercy1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRhea2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoadsideAmerica,_Stuffed_Civil_War_Hero_Horse,_Washington,_DC_(2023)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSan_Francisco_Fed,_American_Currency_Exhibit,_January_5,_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheaHess1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheridan1888a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheridan1888b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSperling,_Phil_Sheridan_School,_January_7,_2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Evening_Star,_Maj._Sheridan,_Son_of_Noted_Warrior,_Dies_Here._p._7,_February_18,_1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._NARA,_Approved_Pension_File_for_Philip_Sheridan\u0026#039;s_Widow\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._NARA,_Compiled_Military_Service_Record_of_Colonel_Philip_H._Sheridan,_2nd_Michigan_Cavalry_Regiment\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._16/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._16/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._17/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._17/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._20/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._20/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._23/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._23/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/3\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._30/4\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._31/3\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._37/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._37/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._43/1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._43/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/1,_Sec.1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/1,_Sec.2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/3,_Sec.1\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._46/3,_Sec.2\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._War_Dept.,_Official_Records,_Vol._8\"] = 1,\n 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[\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-mil\"] = 1,\n [\"S-npo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnmp\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 98,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 52,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Succession box\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"US Army Chiefs of Staff\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"United States presidential election, 1884\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","380","26.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","23.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","6.8"],["recursiveClone 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