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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and strategy in Louisiana subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_strategy_in_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Secession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Union plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Civil_War_leaders_from_Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Civil_War_leaders_from_Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable Civil War leaders from Louisiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Civil_War_leaders_from_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_in_Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_in_Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battles in Louisiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_in_Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_to_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_to_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Restoration to Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_to_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/CSS_Louisiana" title="CSS Louisiana">CSS Louisiana</a>. 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.infobox-label{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .maptable .infobox-data{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox ib-confederate-state-acw vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Louisiana</th></tr><tr class="maptable"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Louisiana_(February_1861).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Louisiana"><img alt="Flag of Louisiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Louisiana_%28February_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2161" data-file-height="1382" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Louisiana" title="Flag of Louisiana">Flag</a></div></div></div><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Confederate States of America"><img alt="The Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/300px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/450px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/600px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span><br />Map of the Confederate States</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport">Shreveport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_C.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Confederacy#List_of_C.S._states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy">Admitted to the Confederacy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 21, 1861 (3rd)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>708,002 total</li><li> • 376,276 (53.15%) free</li><li> • 331,726 (46.85%) slave</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Forces supplied</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>- Confederate troops</b>: 50,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <hr /> <b>- Union troops</b>: 29,000 (24,000 black; 5,000 white)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> total</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Overton_Moore" title="Thomas Overton Moore">Thomas Moore</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watkins_Allen" title="Henry Watkins Allen">Henry Allen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Hyams" title="Henry M. Hyams">Henry M. Hyams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Pearce" title="Benjamin W. Pearce">Benjamin W. Pearce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Confederate States">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jenkins_Semmes" title="Thomas Jenkins Semmes">Thomas Jenkins Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sparrow" title="Edward Sparrow">Edward Sparrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Representatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_congressional_delegations_from_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States congressional delegations from Louisiana">List</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restored to the Union</th><td class="infobox-data">July 9, 1868</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisiana" title="History of Louisiana">History of Louisiana</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Years in Louisiana">By year</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_Louisiana" title="Category:Pre-statehood history of Louisiana">Pre-statehood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisiana#Reconstruction.2C_disenfranchisement.2C_and_segregation_.281865.E2.80.931929.29" title="History of Louisiana">Post-Civil War</a></li> <li>Topics: <i><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_history_of_Louisiana" title="Category:African-American history of Louisiana">African-Americans</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Histories_of_cities_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Histories of cities in Louisiana">Cities</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Louisiana" title="Category:Political history of Louisiana">Politics</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:History of Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:History of Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: auto; font-size: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Confederate States of America"><img alt="Seal of the Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/192px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/256px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a> <br /> in the <br /> <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Dual governments</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Territory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona Territory</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Allied tribes in<br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_(Creek)_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscogee (Creek) Nation">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></b> was a dominant population center in the southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, controlling the wealthy trade center of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, and contributing the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">French Creole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cajun" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajun">Cajun</a> populations to the demographic composition of a predominantly Anglo-American country. In the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Antebellum era">antebellum period</a>, Louisiana was a <a href="/wiki/Slave_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave state">slave state</a>, where enslaved <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> had comprised the majority of the population during the eighteenth-century <a href="/wiki/French_Louisiana" title="French Louisiana">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Louisiana">Spanish</a> dominations. By the time the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">United States acquired the territory</a> (1803) and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> became a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> (1812), the institution of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> was entrenched. By 1860, 47% of the state's population were enslaved, though the state also had one of the largest free black populations in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Much of the <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">white</a> population, particularly in the cities, supported slavery, while pockets of support for the U.S. and its <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">government</a> existed in the more rural areas. </p><p>Louisiana declared that it had <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">seceded</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> on January 26, 1861. <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans in the Civil War">Civil-War era New Orleans</a>, the largest city in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="History of the Southern United States">the South</a>, was strategically important as a <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> city due to its southernmost location on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and its access to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">U.S. War Department</a> early on planned for its capture. The city was taken by <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">U.S. Army</a> forces on April 25, 1862. Because a large part of the population had Union sympathies (or compatible commercial interests), the U.S. government took the unusual step of designating the areas of Louisiana then under <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S.</a> control as a state within the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>, with its own elected representatives to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>. For the latter part of the war, both the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">U.S.</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> recognized their own distinct <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Louisiana governors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hearn_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hearn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–9">: 1–9 </span></sup> Similarly, New Orleans and 13 named parishes of the state were exempted from the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, which applied exclusively to states in rebellion against the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_strategy_in_Louisiana">Politics and strategy in Louisiana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Politics and strategy in Louisiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession">Secession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Secession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_secession" title="Louisiana secession">Louisiana secession</a></div> <p>On January 8, 1861, Louisiana Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Overton_Moore" title="Thomas Overton Moore">Thomas Overton Moore</a> ordered the Louisiana militia to occupy the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S.</a> arsenal at <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a> and the U.S. forts guarding New Orleans, Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip. A wealthy <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">planter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slave holder</a>, Moore acted aggressively to engineer the secession of Louisiana from the Union by a convention on January 23. Only five percent of the public were represented in the convention, and the state's military actions were ordered before secession had been established—in defiance of the state constitution, which called for a popular referendum to establish a convention. Moore attempted to justify these actions, saying: "I do not think it comports with the honor and self-respect of Louisiana as a slave-holding state to live under the government of a Black Republican president", using an epithet for Republicans used by many Democrats at the time. </p><p>The strategies advanced to defend Louisiana and the other <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf</a> states of the Confederacy were first, the idea of <a href="/wiki/King_Cotton" title="King Cotton">King Cotton</a>; that an unofficial embargo of cotton to Europe would force Britain to use its navy to intervene in protecting the new <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>. The second was a <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> fleet established by the issue of letters of <a href="/wiki/Marque_and_reprisal" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque and reprisal">marque and reprisal</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, which would sweep the sea clear of U.S. naval and commercial ships, and at the same time sustain Louisiana's booming <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> economy. The third was a reliance on the ring of pre-war masonry forts of the <a href="/wiki/Seacoast_defense_in_the_United_States" title="Seacoast defense in the United States">Third System</a> of American coastal defense, combined with a fleet of revolutionary new <a href="/wiki/Ironclads" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclads">ironclads</a>, to safeguard the <a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> from the U.S. Navy. All of these strategies were failures.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1861, George Williamson, the Louisianan state commissioner, addressed the Texan secession convention, where he called upon the slave states of the U.S. to declare secession from the Union in order to continue practicing slavery: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With the social balance wheel of slavery to regulate its machinery, we may fondly indulge the hope that our Southern government will be perpetual <abbr style="text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted black;margin-bottom:1px;" title="quote text omitted">...</abbr> Louisiana looks to the formation of a Southern confederacy to preserve the blessings of African slavery <abbr style="text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted black;margin-bottom:1px;" title="quote text omitted">...</abbr></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>George Williamson, speech to the Texan secession convention (March 1861).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>One Louisianan artillery soldier gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. There is too many free niggers ... now to suit me, let alone having four millions."<sup id="cite_ref-JMMcPherson1997p109_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMMcPherson1997p109-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_plans">Union plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Union plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi River in the American Civil War">Mississippi River in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg/300px-New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg/450px-New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg/600px-New_Orleans_Map_1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4007" data-file-height="4370" /></a><figcaption>Approaches to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Gulf" title="Department of the Gulf">Department of the Gulf</a> Map No. 5, February 14, 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Union's response to Moore's leveraged secession was embodied in U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s realization that the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> was the "backbone of the Rebellion." If control of the river were accomplished, the largest city in the Confederacy would be taken back for the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>, and the Confederacy would be split in half. Lincoln moved rapidly to back Admiral <a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">David Dixon Porter</a>'s idea of a naval advance up the river to both capture New Orleans and maintain Lincoln's political support; by supplying cotton to northern textile manufacturers and renewing trade and exports from the port of New Orleans. The U.S. Navy would become both a formidable invasion force and a means of transporting Union forces, along the Mississippi River and its tributaries. This strategic vision would prove victorious in Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-johnson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10–78">: 10–78 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Civil_War_leaders_from_Louisiana">Notable Civil War leaders from Louisiana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable Civil War leaders from Louisiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of notable leaders were associated with Louisiana during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, including some of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate army</a>'s senior ranking generals, as well as several men who led <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>. Antebellum Louisiana residents <a href="/wiki/P.G.T._Beauregard" class="mw-redirect" title="P.G.T. Beauregard">P.G.T. Beauregard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard Taylor</a> all commanded significant independent armies during the war. Taylor's forces were among the last active Confederate armies in the field when the war closed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union general <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a> was president of the Louisiana Military Academy (now <a href="/wiki/LSU" class="mw-redirect" title="LSU">LSU</a>) at the start of the war. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watkins_Allen" title="Henry Watkins Allen">Henry Watkins Allen</a> led a brigade during the middle of the war before becoming the Confederate Governor of Louisiana from 1864 to 1865. <a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Randall L. Gibson</a>, another competent brigade commander, became a <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">postbellum</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> as a Democrat. Other brigadiers of note included <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mouton" title="Alfred Mouton">Alfred Mouton</a> (killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansfield" title="Battle of Mansfield">Battle of Mansfield</a>), <a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Hays" title="Harry T. Hays">Harry T. Hays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Roberdeau_Wheat" title="Chatham Roberdeau Wheat">Chatham Roberdeau Wheat</a> (commander of the celebrated "<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Tigers" title="Louisiana Tigers">Louisiana Tigers</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Nicholls" title="Francis T. Nicholls">Francis T. Nicholls</a> (commander of the "Pelican Brigade" until he lost his left foot at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a>). <a href="/wiki/St._John_Richardson_Liddell" title="St. John Richardson Liddell">St. John Lidell</a> was a prominent brigade commander in the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee" title="Army of Tennessee">Army of Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-davis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166">: 166 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray_(politician)" title="Henry Gray (politician)">Henry Gray</a>, a wealthy plantation owner from <a href="/wiki/Bienville_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienville Parish">Bienville Parish</a>, was a brigadier general under Richard Taylor before being elected to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Confederate_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Confederate Congress">Second Confederate Congress</a> late in the war. <a href="/wiki/Leroy_A._Stafford" class="mw-redirect" title="Leroy A. Stafford">Leroy A. Stafford</a> was among a handful of Louisiana generals to be killed during the war. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin_Blanchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Gallatin Blanchard">Albert Gallatin Blanchard</a> was a rarity—a Confederate general born in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. </p><p>Governor Thomas Overton Moore, came held office from 1860 through early 1864. When war erupted, he unsuccessfully lobbied the Confederate government in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> for a strong defense of New Orleans. Two days before the city surrendered in April 1862, Moore and the legislature abandoned <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a> as the state capital, relocating to <a href="/wiki/Opelousas,_Louisiana" title="Opelousas, Louisiana">Opelousas</a> in May. Thomas Moore organized military resistance at the state level, ordered the burning of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, cessation of trade with the Union forces, and heavily recruited troops for the state <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pgt_beauregard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard"><img alt="Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pgt_beauregard.jpg/88px-Pgt_beauregard.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pgt_beauregard.jpg/132px-Pgt_beauregard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pgt_beauregard.jpg/176px-Pgt_beauregard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/P.G.T._Beauregard" class="mw-redirect" title="P.G.T. Beauregard">P.G.T. Beauregard</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braxton_Bragg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gen. Braxton Bragg"><img alt="Gen. Braxton Bragg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braxton_Bragg.jpg/81px-Braxton_Bragg.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braxton_Bragg.jpg/121px-Braxton_Bragg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Braxton_Bragg.jpg/162px-Braxton_Bragg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="3322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Taylor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor"><img alt="Lt. Gen. Richard Taylor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/88px-Richard_Taylor.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/132px-Richard_Taylor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Richard_Taylor.jpg/176px-Richard_Taylor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard Taylor</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HWAllen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. and Gov. Henry W. Allen"><img alt="Brig. Gen. and Gov. Henry W. Allen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HWAllen.jpg/89px-HWAllen.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HWAllen.jpg/134px-HWAllen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/HWAllen.jpg/179px-HWAllen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen. and Gov.<br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watkins_Allen" title="Henry Watkins Allen">Henry W. Allen</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Albert G. Blanchard"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Albert G. Blanchard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg/85px-Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg/128px-Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg/171px-Albert_G._Blanchard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Blanchard" title="Albert G. Blanchard">Albert G. Blanchard</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Randall L. Gibson"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Randall L. Gibson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/96px-Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/144px-Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/192px-Randall_L._Gibson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="3576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Randall L. Gibson</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HGrayACW.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Henry Gray"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Henry Gray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HGrayACW.JPG/84px-HGrayACW.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HGrayACW.JPG/125px-HGrayACW.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/HGrayACW.JPG/167px-HGrayACW.JPG 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray_(politician)" title="Henry Gray (politician)">Henry Gray</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HTHays.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Harry T. Hays"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Harry T. Hays" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/HTHays.jpg/87px-HTHays.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/HTHays.jpg/131px-HTHays.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/HTHays.jpg/175px-HTHays.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Hays" title="Harry T. Hays">Harry T. Hays</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. St. John Liddell"><img alt="Brig. Gen. St. John Liddell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg/88px-St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg/132px-St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg/176px-St._John_Richardson_Liddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/St._John_Richardson_Liddell" title="St. John Richardson Liddell">St. John Liddell</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Mouton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Alfred Mouton"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Alfred Mouton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alfred_Mouton.jpg/92px-Alfred_Mouton.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alfred_Mouton.jpg/139px-Alfred_Mouton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alfred_Mouton.jpg/185px-Alfred_Mouton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mouton" title="Alfred Mouton">Alfred Mouton</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Francis T. Nicholls"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Francis T. Nicholls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg/73px-Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg/110px-Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg/147px-Francis_Redding_Tillou_Nichols.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Nicholls" title="Francis T. Nicholls">Francis T. Nicholls</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leroy_Stafford.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. Leroy A. Stafford"><img alt="Brig. Gen. Leroy A. Stafford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Leroy_Stafford.jpg/62px-Leroy_Stafford.jpg" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Leroy_Stafford.jpg/93px-Leroy_Stafford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Leroy_Stafford.jpg/125px-Leroy_Stafford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Augustus_Stafford" title="Leroy Augustus Stafford">Leroy A. Stafford</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles_in_Louisiana">Battles in Louisiana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battles in Louisiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisiana_civil_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Louisiana_civil_war.jpg/360px-Louisiana_civil_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Louisiana_civil_war.jpg/540px-Louisiana_civil_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Louisiana_civil_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>Battles in Louisiana during the American Civil War.</figcaption></figure> <p>Battles in Louisiana tended to be concentrated along the major waterways, like the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Red River Campaign">Red River Campaign</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border:2px solid darkgrey;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Battle</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid #a9a9a9;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Head_of_Passes" title="Battle of the Head of Passes">Battle of the Head of Passes</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001861-10-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 12, 1861</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001862-04-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 18, 1862</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_New_Orleans" title="Capture of New Orleans">Capture of New Orleans</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001862-04-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 25, 1862</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baton_Rouge_(1862)" title="Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)">Battle of Baton Rouge</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001862-08-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 5, 1862</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donaldsonville" title="First Battle of Donaldsonville">Battle of Donaldsonville I</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001862-08-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 9, 1862</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Georgia_Landing" title="Battle of Georgia Landing">Battle of Georgia Landing</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001862-10-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 27, 1862</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Bisland" title="Battle of Fort Bisland">Battle of Fort Bisland</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-04-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 12, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irish_Bend" title="Battle of Irish Bend">Battle of Irish Bend</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-04-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 14, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vermilion_Bayou" title="Battle of Vermilion Bayou">Battle of Vermilion Bayou</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-04-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 17, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plains_Store" title="Battle of Plains Store">Battle of Plains Store</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-05-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 21, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Hudson" title="Siege of Port Hudson">Siege of Port Hudson</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-05-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 22, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Milliken%27s_Bend" title="Battle of Milliken's Bend">Battle of Milliken's Bend</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-06-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 7, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_LaFourche_Crossing" title="Battle of LaFourche Crossing">Battle of LaFourche Crossing</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-06-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 20, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donaldsonville" title="Second Battle of Donaldsonville">Battle of Donaldsonville II</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-06-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 28, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goodrich%27s_Landing" title="Battle of Goodrich's Landing">Battle of Goodrich's Landing</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-06-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 29, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kock%27s_Plantation" title="Battle of Kock's Plantation">Battle of Kock's Plantation</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-07-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 12, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling%27s_Plantation" title="Battle of Stirling's Plantation">Battle of Stirling's Plantation</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-09-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 29, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayou_Bourbeux" title="Battle of Bayou Bourbeux">Battle of Bayou Bourbeux</a> (aka <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coteau,_Louisiana" title="Grand Coteau, Louisiana">Grand Coteau</a>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001863-11-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 3, 1863</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_DeRussy" title="Battle of Fort DeRussy">Battle of Fort DeRussy</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 14, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Henderson%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Henderson's Hill">Battle of Henderson's Hill</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-03-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 21, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansfield" title="Battle of Mansfield">Battle of Mansfield</a> (aka Sabine Cross-Roads) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-04-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 8, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pleasant_Hill" title="Battle of Pleasant Hill">Battle of Pleasant Hill</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-04-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 9, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair%27s_Landing" title="Battle of Blair's Landing">Battle of Blair's Landing</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-04-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 12, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monett%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Monett's Ferry">Battle of Monett's Ferry</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-04-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 23, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calcasieu_Pass" title="Battle of Calcasieu Pass">Battle of Calcasieu Pass</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-05-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 6, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansura" title="Battle of Mansura">Battle of Mansura</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-05-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 16, 1864</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Bayou" title="Battle of Yellow Bayou">Battle of Yellow Bayou</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001864-05-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 16, 1864</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restoration_to_Union">Restoration to Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Restoration to Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the end of the Civil War, Louisiana was part of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Military_District" title="Fifth Military District">Fifth Military District</a>. </p><p>After meeting the requirements of <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>, including ratifying amendments to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">US Constitution</a> to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, Louisiana's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The state was fully restored to the United States on July 9, 1868. </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a>, under which Southern Democrats acknowledged <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> as president, there was the understanding that the Republicans would meet certain demands. One affecting Louisiana was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, U.S. troops remained in only <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, but the Compromise saw their complete withdrawal from the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/28px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/42px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/56px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana" title="Portal:Louisiana">Louisiana portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of Louisiana Confederate Civil War units">List of Louisiana Confederate Civil War units</a>, a list of Confederate Civil War units from Louisiana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_Union_Civil_War_units" title="List of Louisiana Union Civil War units">List of Louisiana Union Civil War units</a>, a list of Union Civil War units from Louisiana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Louisiana" title="History of slavery in Louisiana">History of slavery in Louisiana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Abbreviations used in these notes</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Official atlas: <i>Atlas to accompany the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.</i></dd> <dd>ORA (Official records, armies): <i>War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate Armies.</i></dd> <dd>ORN (Official records, navies): <i>Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sacher, John M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://64parishes.org/entry/confederate-soldiers#:~:text=More%20than%2050%2C000%20white%20men%20from%20Louisiana%20shouldered%20arms%20for%20the%20Confederacy.&text=More%20than%2050%2C000%20white,in%20battle%20or%20from%20disease.">Confederate Soldiers | 64 Parishes</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter, G. Howard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://64parishes.org/entry/unionist-troops-in-louisiana">Unionist Troops in Louisiana | 64 Parishes</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sacher, John M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://64parishes.org/entry/civil-war-louisiana#:~:text=Eventually%2C%20more%20than%2024%2C000%20African,US%20during%20the%20Civil%20War.&text=These%20troops%20symbolized%20the%20most,war%E2%80%94the%20ending%20of%20slavery.">Civil War Louisiana</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hearn-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hearn_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHearn1995" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (1995). <i>The Capture of New Orleans 1862</i>. Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-1945-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-1945-8"><bdi>0-8071-1945-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Capture+of+New+Orleans+1862&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8071-1945-8&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedmen_and_Southern_Society_Project1982" class="citation book cs1">Freedmen and Southern Society Project (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ"><i>Freedom: a documentary history of emancipation 1861–1867 : selected from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States. The destruction of slavery</i></a>. CUP Archive. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPg8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22979-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22979-1"><bdi>978-0-521-22979-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom%3A+a+documentary+history+of+emancipation+1861%E2%80%931867+%3A+selected+from+the+holdings+of+the+National+Archives+of+the+United+States.+The+destruction+of+slavery&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22979-1&rft.au=Freedmen+and+Southern+Society+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPg8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearn, pp. 2-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1861" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, E.W. (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilwartalk.com/threads/fighting-for-slavery.80951/page-3"><i>Journal of the Secession Convention of Texas</i></a>. Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Secession+Convention+of+Texas&rft.place=Texas&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=E.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivilwartalk.com%2Fthreads%2Ffighting-for-slavery.80951%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JMMcPherson1997p109-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JMMcPherson1997p109_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPherson1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">McPherson, James M.</a> (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph"><i>For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War</i></a></span>. New York City, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forcausecomrades00mcph/page/109">109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509-023-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509-023-3"><bdi>0-19-509-023-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+Cause+and+Comrades%3A+Why+Men+Fought+in+the+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-509-023-3&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforcausecomrades00mcph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official atlas: plate XC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chester G. Hearn, <i>The Capture of New Orleans, 1862</i> (LSU Press, 1995)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnson_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1993" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Ludwell H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/redrivercampaign0000john"><i>Red River Campaign, Politics & Cotton in the Civil War</i></a>. Kent State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-486-5"><bdi>0-87338-486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+River+Campaign%2C+Politics+%26+Cotton+in+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87338-486-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Ludwell+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fredrivercampaign0000john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearn, pp. 22-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davis_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1991" class="citation book cs1">Davis, William C. (1991). <i>Fighting Men of the Civil War</i>. Smithmark Publishers Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-3264-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-3264-4"><bdi>0-8317-3264-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Men+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Smithmark+Publishers+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8317-3264-4&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearn, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearn, pp. 2-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1966" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, C. Vann (1966). <i>Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction</i>. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 169–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reunion+and+Reaction%3A+The+Compromise+of+1877+and+the+End+of+Reconstruction&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=169-171&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=C.+Vann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Ayres, Thomas. <i> Dark and Bloody Ground: The Battle of Mansfield and the Forgotten Civil War in Louisiana</i> (2001)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2007" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Anne (2007). <i>Louisiana: The History of an American State</i>. Clairmont Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1567331356" title="Special:BookSources/978-1567331356"><bdi>978-1567331356</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louisiana%3A+The+History+of+an+American+State&rft.pub=Clairmont+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1567331356&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dew, Charles B. "Who Won the Secession Election in Louisiana?." <i>Journal of Southern History</i> (1970): 18–32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2206600">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Dew, Charles B. "The Long Lost Returns: The Candidates and Their Totals in Louisiana's Secession Election." <i>Louisiana History</i> (1969): 353–369. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4231094">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Dimitry, John. <i>Confederate Military History of Louisiana: Louisiana in the Civil War, 1861–1865</i> (2007)</li> <li>Dufrene, Dennis J. <i>Civil War Baton Rouge, Port Hudson and Bayou Sara: Capturing the Mississippi</i>. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781609493516" title="Special:BookSources/9781609493516">9781609493516</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn1995" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (1995). <i>The Capture of New Orleans 1862</i>. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-1945-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-1945-8"><bdi>0-8071-1945-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Capture+of+New+Orleans+1862&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8071-1945-8&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouisiana+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hollandsworth Jr, James G. <i>The Louisiana Native Guards: The Black Military Experience During the Civil War</i> (LSU Press, 1995)</li> <li>Johnson, Ludwell H. <i>Red River Campaign, Politics & Cotton in the Civil War</i> Kent State University Press (1993). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-486-5">0-87338-486-5</a>.</li> <li>Lathrop, Barnes F. "The Lafourche District in 1861–1862: A Problem in Local Defense." <i>Louisiana History</i> (1960) 1#2 pp: 99–129. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4230557">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>McCrary, Peyton. <i> Abraham Lincoln and Reconstruction: The Louisiana Experiment</i> (1979)</li> <li>Peña, Christopher G. <i>Touched by War: Battles Fought in the Lafourche District</i>. Thibodaux, Louisiana: C.G.P. Press, 1998.</li> <li>Peña, Christopher G. <i>Scarred By War: Civil War in Southeast Louisiana</i> (2004)</li> <li>Pierson, Michael D. <i>Mutiny at Fort Jackson: The Untold Story of the Fall of New Orleans</i> (Univ of North Carolina Press, 2008)</li> <li>Ripley, C. Peter. <i>Slaves and Freedmen in Civil War Louisiana</i> (1976)</li> <li>Sledge, Christopher L. "The Union's Naval War in Louisiana, 1861–1863" (Army Command and General Staff College, 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a460776.pdf">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Winters" title="John D. Winters">Winters, John D.</a> <i>The Civil War in Louisiana</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-0834-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-0834-0">0-8071-0834-0</a>.</li> <li>Wooster, Ralph. "The Louisiana Secession Convention." <i>Louisiana Historical Quarterly</i> (1951) 34#1 pp: 103–133.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana in the American Civil War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210004803/https://www.louisianacivilwar.org/">First hand accounts of the Civil War in Louisiana.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/louisiana.htm">National Park Service list of Civil War battles in Louisiana</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_C.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy">List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy</a> </b><br />Ratified <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Confederate_States" title="Constitution of the Confederate States">Constitution</a> on March 21, 1861 (3rd) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template:Louisiana in the Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Louisiana in the Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana_in_the_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana in the Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisiana in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_secession" title="Louisiana secession">Louisiana secession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of Louisiana Confederate Civil War units">Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_Union_Civil_War_units" title="List of Louisiana Union Civil War units">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi River in the American Civil War">Mississippi River in the American Civil War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1861</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Head_of_Passes" title="Battle of the Head of Passes">Battle of the Head of Passes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1862</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_New_Orleans" title="Capture of New Orleans">Capture of New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baton_Rouge_(1862)" title="Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)">Battle of Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donaldsonville" title="First Battle of Donaldsonville">Battle of Donaldsonville I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Georgia_Landing" title="Battle of Georgia Landing">Battle of Georgia Landing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Bisland" title="Battle of Fort Bisland">Battle of Fort Bisland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irish_Bend" title="Battle of Irish Bend">Battle of Irish Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vermilion_Bayou" title="Battle of Vermilion Bayou">Battle of Vermilion Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plains_Store" title="Battle of Plains Store">Battle of Plains Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Hudson" title="Siege of Port Hudson">Siege of Port Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Milliken%27s_Bend" title="Battle of Milliken's Bend">Battle of Milliken's Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_LaFourche_Crossing" title="Battle of LaFourche Crossing">Battle of LaFourche Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donaldsonville" title="Second Battle of Donaldsonville">Battle of Donaldsonville II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goodrich%27s_Landing" title="Battle of Goodrich's Landing">Battle of Goodrich's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kock%27s_Plantation" title="Battle of Kock's Plantation">Battle of Kock's Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling%27s_Plantation" title="Battle of Stirling's Plantation">Battle of Stirling's Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayou_Bourbeux" title="Battle of Bayou Bourbeux">Battle of Bayou Bourbeux</a> (aka <a href="/wiki/Grand_Coteau,_Louisiana" title="Grand Coteau, Louisiana">Grand Coteau</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_DeRussy" title="Battle of Fort DeRussy">Battle of Fort DeRussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Henderson%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Henderson's Hill">Battle of Henderson's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansfield" title="Battle of Mansfield">Battle of Mansfield</a> (aka Sabine Cross-Roads)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pleasant_Hill" title="Battle of Pleasant Hill">Battle of Pleasant Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair%27s_Landing" title="Battle of Blair's Landing">Battle of Blair's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monett%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Monett's Ferry">Battle of Monett's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26%E2%80%9327_April_1864" title="Action of 26–27 April 1864">Action of 26–27 April 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_near_Alexandria" title="Actions near Alexandria">Actions near Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calcasieu_Pass" title="Battle of Calcasieu Pass">Battle of Calcasieu Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansura" title="Battle of Mansura">Battle of Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Bayou" title="Battle of Yellow Bayou">Battle of Yellow Bayou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement<br /><span class="nobold">(by city or town)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watkins_Allen" title="Henry Watkins Allen">Henry W. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.G.T._Beauregard" class="mw-redirect" title="P.G.T. Beauregard">P.G.T. Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Blanchard" title="Albert G. Blanchard">Albert G. Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Randall L. Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gray_(politician)" title="Henry Gray (politician)">Henry Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Hays" title="Harry T. Hays">Harry T. Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Richardson_Liddell" title="St. John Richardson Liddell">St. John Liddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mouton" title="Alfred Mouton">Alfred Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Nicholls" title="Francis T. Nicholls">Francis T. Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Augustus_Stafford" title="Leroy Augustus Stafford">Leroy A. Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Richard Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Military_District" title="Fifth Military District">Fifth Military District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials#Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">Confederate monuments and memorials</a> (<a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials#Louisiana" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall_Museum" title="Confederate Memorial Hall Museum">Confederate Memorial Hall Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_leading_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War">Timeline leading to the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullification_crisis" title="Nullification crisis">Nullification crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">South Carolina Declaration of Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_as_a_positive_good_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery as a positive good in the United States">Positive good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Debates_on_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane Debates on Slavery">Lane Debates on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Sella_Martin" title="J. Sella Martin">J. Sella Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">Caning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="CombatantsTheatersCampaignsBattlesStates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Combatants</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>States</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Eastern theater of the American Civil War">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Western theater of the American Civil War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_seaboard_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lower seaboard theater of the American Civil War">Lower Seaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War">Pacific Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union naval blockade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Campaigns of the American Civil War">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">Blockade runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Valley_campaign" title="Jackson's Valley campaign">Jackson's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_campaign" title="Northern Virginia campaign">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_campaign" title="Maryland campaign">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_campaign" title="Gettysburg campaign">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristoe_campaign" title="Bristoe campaign">Bristoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_campaign" title="Atlanta campaign">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_campaigns_of_1864" title="Valley campaigns of 1864">Valley 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign" title="Bermuda Hundred campaign">Bermuda Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_campaign" title="Franklin–Nashville campaign">Franklin–Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Missouri_Expedition" title="Price's Missouri Expedition">Price's Missouri Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign_(1865)" title="Mobile campaign (1865)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_campaign" title="Appomattox campaign">Appomattox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles" title="List of American Civil War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">1st Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Wilson's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Pea Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">2nd Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Cold Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado in the American Civil War">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Connecticut in the American Civil War">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory#Dakota_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hawaii and the American Civil War">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho in the American Civil War">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Iowa in the American Civil War">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maine in the American Civil War">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota#Civil_War_era_and_Dakota_War_of_1862" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana in the American Civil War">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nebraska Territory in the American Civil War">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Civil_War:_1861–1865" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ohio in the American Civil War">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Oregon in the American Civil War">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Rhode Island in the American Civil War">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah in the American Civil War">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Vermont in the American Civil War">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington in the American Civil War">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wisconsin in the American Civil War">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Charleston in the American Civil War">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_leadership_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military leadership in the American Civil War">Leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. H. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(general)" title="Samuel Cooper (general)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gorgas" title="Josiah Gorgas">Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">A. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">J. E. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan" title="John Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">E. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Memminger" title="Christopher Memminger">Memminger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Seddon" title="James Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Buell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_McDowell" title="Irvin McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ord" title="Edward Ord">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (military officer)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">D. D. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Welles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax riot of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_colonies" title="Confederate colonies">Confederate refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederados" title="Confederados">Confederados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Eufaula riot of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a> of 1873</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">first inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">second inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">impeachment managers investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis riots of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans riot of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of April 1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Council" title="Fort Smith Council">Indian Council at Fort Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Claims_Commission" title="Southern Claims Commission">Southern Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-<br />Reconstruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Centennial" title="American Civil War Centennial">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Discovery_Trail" title="Civil War Discovery Trail">Civil War Discovery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Roundtable" title="Civil War Roundtable">Civil War Roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trails_Program" title="Civil War Trails Program">Civil War Trails Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War Trust">Civil War Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Decoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">Historiographic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag" title="Modern display of the Confederate battle flag">Modern display of the Confederate flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society" title="Southern Historical Society">Southern Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Union_Civil_War_monuments_and_memorials" title="List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_the_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials to Lincoln</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">artworks in Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Jefferson_Davis" title="List of memorials to Jefferson Davis">memorials to Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Robert_E._Lee" title="List of memorials to Robert E. Lee">memorials to Lee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Memorial_Association" title="Ladies' Memorial Association">Ladies' Memorial Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Era_National_Cemeteries_MPS" title="Civil War Era National Cemeteries MPS">U.S. national cemeteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Veterans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1913 Gettysburg reunion">1913 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1938 Gettysburg reunion">1938 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Veteran" title="Confederate Veteran">Confederate Veteran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_soldiers%27_home" title="Old soldiers' home">Old soldiers' homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_of_Honor" title="Southern Cross of Honor">Southern Cross of Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Campaign_Medal" title="Civil War Campaign Medal">Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Home_Guard" title="Confederate Home Guard">Confederate Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Confederate railroads in the American Civil War">Confederate railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_revolving_cannon" title="Confederate revolving cannon">Confederate revolving cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Field artillery in the American Civil War">Field artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Medicine in the American Civil War">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of naval battles of the American Civil War">Naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_Union_and_Confederate_Armies" title="Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies">Official Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Ranger_Act" title="Partisan Ranger Act">Partisan rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_prison_camps" title="American Civil War prison camps">POW camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Foods of the American Civil War">Rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Corps_Badges" title="American Civil War Corps Badges">Union corps badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_Balloon_Corps" title="Union Army Balloon Corps">U.S. Balloon Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Union)" title="Home Guard (Union)">U.S. Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Railroad" title="United States Military Railroad">U.S. Military Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War">Committee on the Conduct of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States presidential election">Confederate States presidential election of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Diplomacy of the American Civil War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">Habeas Corpus Act of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of politicians killed in the American Civil War">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential Election of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Music of the American Civil War">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lincoln_Portrait" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lincoln Portrait">A Lincoln Portrait</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Through_Georgia" title="Marching Through Georgia">Marching Through Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Johnny_Comes_Marching_Home" title="When Johnny Comes Marching Home">When Johnny Comes Marching Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daar_kom_die_Alibama" title="Daar kom die Alibama">Daar kom die Alibama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_the_Civil_War" title="Italian Americans in the Civil War">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Native Americans in the American Civil War">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_battlefield_preservation" title="American Civil War battlefield preservation">Battlefield preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Bibliography of the American Civil War">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_war_finance" title="Confederate war finance">Confederate war finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies" title="American Civil War spies">Espionage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Secret_Service" title="Confederate Secret Service">Confederate Secret Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army_revival" title="Confederate States Army revival">Great Revival of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_issues_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Gender issues in the American Civil War">Gender issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Naming the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">New York City Gold Hoax of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographers_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Photographers of the American Civil War">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bread_riots" title="Southern bread riots">Richmond riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Salt in the American Civil War">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War">Supreme Court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_Civil_War_soldiers" title="List of female American Civil War soldiers">Women soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of films and television shows about the American Civil War">List of films and television shows about the American Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War" title="Category:American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_Confederate_States_(1861–1865)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Template:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_Confederate_States_(1861–1865)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a> (1861–1865)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Confederate States"><img alt="Map of the Confederate States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/175px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/263px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/350px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">Governments in exile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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state">sovereign</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states" title="List of historical unrecognized states">unrecognized states</a> within the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Florida Oriental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" 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