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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Celebration_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wearing_green_and_shamrocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wearing_green_and_shamrocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Wearing green and shamrocks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wearing_green_and_shamrocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ireland </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ireland subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebrations_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrations_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Celebrations elsewhere </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Celebrations_elsewhere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Celebrations elsewhere subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Celebrations_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 England </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Malta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.6 Scotland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.7 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.8 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.9 Lithuania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Americas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montserrat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montserrat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Montserrat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montserrat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Oceania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_Peacekeeping_Missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_Peacekeeping_Missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 UN Peacekeeping Missions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_Peacekeeping_Missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Space_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Space_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 International Space Station </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Space_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sports events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Saint Patrick's Day</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Patricksdag" title="Sint Patricksdag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sint Patricksdag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patrick%E2%80%99s_Day" title="St. Patrick’s Day – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="St. Patrick’s Day" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="يوم القديس باتريك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوم القديس باتريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9ta_de_la_Sent-Patrick" title="Féta de la Sent-Patrick – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Féta de la Sent-Patrick" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng_Patrick_Ji%CC%8Dt" title="Sèng Patrick Ji̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèng Patrick Ji̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзень Святога Патрыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзень Святога Патрыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзень сьвятога Патрыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзень сьвятога Патрыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldaw_ni_Santo_Patrick" title="Aldaw ni Santo Patrick – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Aldaw ni Santo Patrick" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ден на свети Патрик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ден на свети Патрик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_svetog_Patrika" title="Dan svetog Patrika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dan svetog Patrika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouel_Sant_Padrig" title="Gouel Sant Padrig – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gouel Sant Padrig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diada_de_Sant_Patrici" title="Diada de Sant Patrici – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diada de Sant Patrici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Сăваплă Патрик кунĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăваплă Патрик кунĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_svat%C3%A9ho_Patrika" title="Den svatého Patrika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Den svatého Patrika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skt._Patricks_dag" title="Skt. Patricks dag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skt. Patricks dag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%E2%80%99s_Day" title="Saint Patrick’s Day – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saint Patrick’s Day" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCha_Patricku_p%C3%A4ev" title="Püha Patricku päev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püha Patricku päev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ημέρα του Αγίου Πατρικίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημέρα του Αγίου Πατρικίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio" title="Día de San Patricio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Día de San Patricio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tago_de_Sankta_Patriko" title="Tago de Sankta Patriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tago de Sankta Patriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Patrizio_eguna" title="San Patrizio eguna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="San Patrizio eguna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="روز سنت پاتریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روز سنت پاتریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1triksmessa" title="Pátriksmessa – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pátriksmessa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Saint-Patrick" title="Fête de la Saint-Patrick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fête de la Saint-Patrick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1_Fh%C3%A9ile_P%C3%A1draig" title="Lá Fhéile Pádraig – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lá Fhéile Pádraig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio" title="Día de San Patricio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Día de San Patricio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1_%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98%EC%98%A4_%EC%B6%95%EC%9D%BC" title="성 파트리치오 축일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성 파트리치오 축일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80" title="Սուրբ Պատրիկի օր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբ Պատրիկի օր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="सैंट पैट्रिक दिवस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैंट पैट्रिक दिवस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_svetog_Patrika" title="Dan svetog Patrika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dan svetog Patrika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dio_di_Santa_Patrik" title="Dio di Santa Patrik – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dio di Santa Patrik" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Santo_Patrick" title="Hari Santo Patrick – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hari Santo Patrick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagur_heilags_Patreks" title="Dagur heilags Patreks – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dagur heilags Patreks" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_di_san_Patrizio" title="Festa di san Patrizio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Festa di san Patrizio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9" title="יום פטריק הקדוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום פטריק הקדוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Әулие Патрик күні – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әулие Патрик күні" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%87%D3%B9%D0%B6%D3%B9" title="Валгыды Патрикӹн кечӹжӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Валгыды Патрикӹн кечӹжӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festum_Sancti_Patrici" title="Festum Sancti Patrici – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Festum Sancti Patrici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%93t%C4%81_Patrika_diena" title="Svētā Patrika diena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svētā Patrika diena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Patriko_diena" title="Šv. Patriko diena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Patriko diena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Patrik_napja" title="Szent Patrik napja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Patrik napja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andron%27ny_Fetin%27i_Patrisy" title="Andron'ny Fetin'i Patrisy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andron'ny Fetin'i Patrisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Santo_Patrick" title="Hari Santo Patrick – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hari Santo Patrick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7" title="စိန့်ပတ်ထရစ်နေ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စိန့်ပတ်ထရစ်နေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint Patrick's Day" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%9D%E6%97%A5" title="聖パトリックの祝日 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖パトリックの祝日" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Сийдолу Патрикан де – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сийдолу Патрикан де" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patricks_dag" title="St. Patricks dag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="St. Patricks dag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzie%C5%84_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Patryka" title="Dzień Świętego Patryka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dzień Świętego Patryka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_de_S%C3%A3o_Patr%C3%ADcio" title="Dia de São Patrício – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dia de São Patrício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziua_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Patriciu" title="Ziua Sfântului Patriciu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ziua Sfântului Patriciu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="День святого Патрика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="День святого Патрика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_de_Santu_Patr%C3%ACtziu" title="Die de Santu Patrìtziu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Die de Santu Patrìtziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunt_Petherick%27s_Day" title="Saunt Petherick's Day – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saunt Petherick's Day" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint Patrick's Day" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%BD_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%8F%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86" title="سينٽ پيٽرڪ جو ڏينهن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سينٽ پيٽرڪ جو ڏينهن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%88_sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_Patrika" title="Deň svätého Patrika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deň svätého Patrika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_svetega_Patrika" title="Dan svetega Patrika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dan svetega Patrika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ڕۆژی سەینت پاتریک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژی سەینت پاتریک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дан Светог Патрика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дан Светог Патрика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_svetog_Patrika" title="Dan svetog Patrika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dan svetog Patrika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4n_Patrickin_p%C3%A4iv%C3%A4" title="Pyhän Patrickin päivä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhän Patrickin päivä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%E2%80%99s_Day" title="Saint Patrick’s Day – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint Patrick’s Day" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="புனித பேட்ரிக்கின் நாள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனித பேட்ரிக்கின் நாள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Изге Патрик көне – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Изге Патрик көне" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="วันนักบุญแพทริก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วันนักบุญแพทริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A4_%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᎦ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Patrik_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Aziz Patrik Günü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aziz Patrik Günü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="День святого Патрика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="День святого Патрика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3_%DA%88%DB%92" title="سینٹ پیٹرکس ڈے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ پیٹرکس ڈے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph._Patrikan_p%C3%A4iv" title="Ph. Patrikan päiv – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ph. 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Patrick's Day (disambiguation)">Saint Patrick's Day (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: lavender">Saint Patrick's Day</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stained glass window depicts Saint Patrick dressed in a green robe with a halo about his head, holding a sham rock in his right hand and a staff in his left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg/240px-Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg/360px-Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg/480px-Kilbennan_St._Benin%27s_Church_Window_St._Patrick_Detail_2010_09_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="880" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Saint Patrick depicted in a <a href="/wiki/Stained-glass_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained-glass window">stained-glass window</a> at <a href="/wiki/Benignus_of_Armagh" title="Benignus of Armagh">Saint Benin</a>'s Church, Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Saint Patrick's Day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also called</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Feast of Saint Patrick</li> <li>Lá Fhéile Pádraig</li> <li>Patrick's Day</li> <li>(St) Paddy's Day</li> <li>(St) Patty's Day (chiefly North America)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a> and people of <a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (see <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">calendar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">calendars</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">calendar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">calendar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Ethnic, national, Christian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary"><a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">Feast day</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a>, commemoration of the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ireland" title="Christianity in Ireland">Christianity in Ireland</a><a href="#cite_note-RitschelMichallon2022-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ariel2018-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Attending parades and a <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9il%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilí">céilí</a></li> <li>Wearing green and <a href="/wiki/Shamrock#Symbol_of_Ireland" title="Shamrock">shamrocks</a></li> <li>Drinking <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Ireland" title="Beer in Ireland">Irish beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_procession" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian procession">Christian processions</a>; attending <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/17_March" class="mw-redirect" title="17 March">17 March</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next time</th><td class="infobox-data">17 March 2025 (2025-03-17)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr></tbody></table> Saint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: Lá Fhéile Pádraig, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'the Day of the Festival of Patrick'), is a religious and cultural <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> held on 17 March, the traditional death date of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 385 – c. 461), the foremost <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. Saint Patrick's Day was made an official Christian <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> in the early 17th century and is observed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> (especially the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>),<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a>. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Ireland" title="Christianity in Ireland">Christianity in Ireland</a>, and, by extension, celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">heritage and culture of the Irish</a> in general.<a href="#cite_note-RitschelMichallon2022-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">[8]</a> Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilithe" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilithe">céilithe</a>, and the wearing of green attire or <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrocks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-9">[9]</a> Christians who belong to liturgical denominations also attend <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church services</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_5-10">[10]</a> and historically the <a href="/wiki/Lenten" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenten">Lenten</a> restrictions <a href="/wiki/Christian_fasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian fasting">on eating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity and alcohol">drinking alcohol</a> were lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday's tradition of mass alcohol consumption.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_3-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_4-12">[12]</a> Saint Patrick's Day is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">public holiday</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> (for provincial government employees), and the British Overseas Territory of <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>. It is also widely celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, especially amongst <a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a>. Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated in more countries than any other <a href="/wiki/National_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="National Day">national festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002242-17">[17]</a> Modern celebrations have been greatly influenced by those of the Irish diaspora, particularly those that developed in North America. However, there has been criticism of Saint Patrick's Day celebrations for having become too commercialised and for fostering negative stereotypes of the Irish people.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saint_Patrick">Saint Patrick</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Saint Patrick">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a></div> Saint Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and Bishop in Ireland. Much of what is known about Saint Patrick comes from the Declaration, which was allegedly written by Patrick himself. It is believed that he was born in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> in the fourth century, into a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> family. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> and his grandfather was a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> in the Christian church. According to the Declaration, at the age of sixteen, he was kidnapped by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> It says that he spent six years there working as a shepherd and that during this time he <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">found God</a>. The Declaration says that God told Patrick to flee to the coast, where a ship would be waiting to take him home. After making his way home, Patrick went on to become a priest.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> According to tradition, Patrick returned to Ireland to convert the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic polytheism">pagan</a> Irish to Christianity. The Declaration says that he spent many years evangelising in the northern half of Ireland and converted thousands. Patrick's efforts were eventually turned into an allegory in which he drove "snakes", heathen practices, out of Ireland, despite the fact that actual snakes were not known to inhabit the region.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Tradition holds that he died on 17 March and was buried at <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>. Over the following centuries, many legends grew up around Patrick and he became Ireland's foremost saint. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celebration_and_traditions">Celebration and traditions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Celebration and traditions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg/220px-Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg/330px-Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg/440px-Traditional-irish-stipatricksidayibadges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Saint Patrick's Day badges from the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Country_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Country Life">Museum of Country Life</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">County Mayo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_clover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Irish_clover.jpg/170px-Irish_clover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Irish_clover.jpg/255px-Irish_clover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Irish_clover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>According to legend, Saint Patrick used the three-leaved <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a> to explain the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Irish pagans</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_(41260243671).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg/220px-Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg/330px-Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg/440px-Sydney_Opera_House_on_St._Patrick%27s_Day_%2841260243671%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sydney Opera House lit up green in honour of Saint Patrick in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> Present day Saint Patrick's Day celebrations have been greatly influenced by those that developed among the Irish diaspora, especially in North America. Until the late 20th century, Saint Patrick's Day was often a bigger celebration among the diaspora than it was in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002242-17">[17]</a> Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, Irish traditional music sessions (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilidh">céilithe</a>), and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-9">[9]</a> There are also formal gatherings such as banquets and dances, although these were more common in the past. Saint Patrick's Day parades began in North America in the 18th century but did not spread to Ireland until the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002xxiii-22">[22]</a> The participants generally include marching bands, the military, fire brigades, cultural organisations, charitable organisations, <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">voluntary associations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youth_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth organization">youth groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternities</a>, and so on. However, over time, many of the parades have become more akin to a <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a>. More effort is made to use the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a>, especially in Ireland, where 1 March to St Patrick's Day on 17 March is Seachtain na Gaeilge ("<a href="/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge" title="Seachtain na Gaeilge">Irish language week</a>").<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Since 2010, famous landmarks have been lit up in green on Saint Patrick's Day as part of <a href="/wiki/Tourism_Ireland" title="Tourism Ireland">Tourism Ireland</a>'s "Global Greening Initiative" or "Going Green for St Patrick's Day".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> were the first landmarks to participate and since then over 300 landmarks in fifty countries across the globe have gone green for Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Christians may also attend <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church services</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_5-10">[10]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lenten" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenten">Lenten</a> restrictions <a href="/wiki/Christian_fasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian fasting">on eating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity and alcohol">drinking alcohol</a> are lifted for the day. Perhaps because of this, drinking alcohol – particularly Irish whiskey, beer, or cider – has become an integral part of the celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_3-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_4-12">[12]</a> In Ireland, this relaxation of fasting rules is notably marked by the consumption of stout, a dark ale beer that is a key part of the celebration, with breweries preparing months in advance for the demand.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The Saint Patrick's Day custom of "drowning the shamrock" or "wetting the shamrock" was historically popular. At the end of the celebrations, especially in Ireland, a shamrock is put into the bottom of a cup, which is then filled with whiskey, beer, or cider. It is then drunk as a <a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">toast</a> to Saint Patrick, Ireland, or those present. The shamrock would either be swallowed with the drink or taken out and tossed over the shoulder for good luck. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200226-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Irish Government ministers travel abroad on official visits to various countries around Saint Patrick's Day to promote Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wearing_green_and_shamrocks">Wearing green and shamrocks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wearing green and shamrocks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg/170px-%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg/255px-%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg/340px-%22The_Wearing_of_the_Green.%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="6360" /></a><figcaption>A Saint Patrick's Day greeting card from 1907</figcaption></figure> On Saint Patrick's Day, it is customary to wear <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrocks</a>, green clothing or green accessories. Saint Patrick is said to have used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic polytheism">pagan Irish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-natgeo-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> This story first appears in writing in 1726, though it may be older. In pagan Ireland, three was a significant number and the Irish had many <a href="/wiki/Triple_deity" title="Triple deity">triple deities</a>, which may have aided St Patrick in his <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelisation</a> efforts.<a href="#cite_note-Monaghan2009-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hegarty2012-37">[37]</a> Roger Homan writes, "We can perhaps see St Patrick drawing upon the visual concept of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_spiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple spiral">triskele</a> when he uses the shamrock to explain the Trinity".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Monaghan" title="Patricia Monaghan">Patricia Monaghan</a> says there is no evidence the shamrock was sacred to the pagan Irish.<a href="#cite_note-Monaghan2009-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Santino" title="Jack Santino">Jack Santino</a> speculates that it may have represented the regenerative powers of nature, and was recast in a Christian context‍—‌<a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> of Saint Patrick often depict the saint "with a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">cross</a> in one hand and a sprig of shamrocks in the other".<a href="#cite_note-Santino1995-39">[39]</a> The first association of the colour green with Ireland is from a legend in the 11th century <a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a> (The Book of the Taking of Ireland). It tells of <a href="/wiki/Go%C3%ADdel_Glas" title="Goídel Glas">Goídel Glas</a> (Goídel the green), the <a href="/wiki/Eponymous_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eponymous ancestor">eponymous ancestor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> and creator of the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Koch2005-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-MacKillop2005-41">[41]</a> Goídel is bitten by a venomous snake but saved from death by <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> placing his staff on the snakebite, leaving him with a green mark. His descendants settle in Ireland, a land free of snakes.<a href="#cite_note-Macalister1939-42">[42]</a> One of the first, <a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Íth</a>, visits Ireland after climbing the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a> and being captivated by the sight of a beautiful green island in the distance.<a href="#cite_note-Koch2005-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-MacKillop2005-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Macalister1939-42">[42]</a> The colour green was further associated with Ireland from the 1640s, when the <a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Leinster" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag and coat of arms of Leinster">green harp flag</a> was used by the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Ireland" title="Confederate Ireland">Irish Catholic Confederation</a>. Later, <a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a> described this flag as representing "the sacred emblem of Ireland's unconquered soul".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Green ribbons and shamrocks have been worn on Saint Patrick's Day since at least the 1680s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002-44">[44]</a> Since then, the colour green and its association with St Patrick's Day have grown.<a href="#cite_note-history.com-45">[45]</a> The Friendly Brothers of St Patrick, an Irish <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternity</a> founded in about 1750,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> adopted green as its colour.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Patrick" title="Order of St Patrick">Order of St Patrick</a>, an Anglo-Irish <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric order</a> founded in 1783, instead adopted blue as its colour, which led to blue being <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_blue" title="St. Patrick's blue">associated with Saint Patrick</a>. In the 1790s, the colour green was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/United_Irishmen" class="mw-redirect" title="United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a>. This was a <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> organisation—founded mostly by Protestants but with many Catholic members—who launched a <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">rebellion in 1798</a> against British rule. Ireland was first called "the Emerald Isle" in "When Erin First Rose" (1795), a poem by a co-founder of the United Irishmen, <a href="/wiki/William_Drennan" title="William Drennan">William Drennan</a>, which stresses the historical importance of green to the Irish.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The phrase "wearing of the green" comes from a <a href="/wiki/The_Wearing_of_the_Green" title="The Wearing of the Green">song of the same name</a> about United Irishmen being persecuted for wearing green. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Ireland#Political_flags" title="List of flags of Ireland">flags</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">1916 Easter Rising</a> featured green, such as the <a href="/wiki/Starry_Plough_(flag)" title="Starry Plough (flag)">Starry Plough banner</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Proclamation Flag of the Irish Republic</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> was founded in 1922, the government ordered all <a href="/wiki/Pillar_box#Ireland" title="Pillar box">post boxes</a> be painted green, with the slogan "green paint for a green people";<a href="#cite_note-Ferguson2016-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> in 1924, the government introduced a green <a href="/wiki/Irish_passport" title="Irish passport">Irish passport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-EUED-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-EURes1981-56">[56]</a> The wearing of the 'St Patrick's Day Cross' was also a popular custom in Ireland until the early 20th century. These were a <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic Christian cross</a> made of paper that was "covered with silk or ribbon of different colours, and a bunch or rosette of green silk in the centre".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200225–26-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ireland">Ireland</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Saint Patrick's <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a>, as a kind of national day, was already being celebrated by the Irish in Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Saint Patrick's feast day was finally placed on the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical calendar">liturgical calendar</a> of the Catholic Church in the early 1600s, due to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Luke_Wadding" title="Luke Wadding">Luke Wadding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Saint Patrick's Day thus became a <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy day of obligation</a> for Catholics in Ireland. It is also a feast day in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>. The church calendar avoids the observance of saints' feasts during certain solemnities, moving the saint's day to a time outside those periods. Saint Patrick's Day is occasionally affected by this requirement, when 17 March falls during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>. This happened in 1940, when Saint Patrick's Day was officially observed on 3 April to avoid it coinciding with <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>, and again in 2008, where it was officially observed on 15 March.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Saint Patrick's Day will not fall within Holy Week again until 2160.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> However, the popular festivities may still be held on 17 March or on a weekend near to the feast day.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Saint Patrick's was perceived as the middle day of <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish calendar</a>. People expected that weather would be improved following the festival, and farmers would begin planting potato.<a href="#cite_note-Danaher-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_(47413724761).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg/220px-WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg/330px-WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg/440px-WILD_FOLK_BY_BUI_BOLG_FROM_WEXFORD_-ST._PATRICK%27S_DAY_PARADE_IN_DUBLIN_-_17_MARCH_2019--150353_%2847413724761%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304" /></a><figcaption>Buí Bolg at the <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%E2%80%99s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick’s Day">St. Patrick’s Day</a> parade in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_(16650284488).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg/220px-ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg/330px-ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg/440px-ST._PATRICK%27S_SPIRE_OF_LIGHT_ON_O%27CONNELL_STREET_IN_DUBLIN_REF-102056_%2816650284488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5845" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Dublin's <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Dublin" title="General Post Office, Dublin">General Post Office</a> and the Spire on O'Connell Street on Saint Patrick's Day</figcaption></figure> In 1903, Saint Patrick's Day became an official public holiday in Ireland due to the <a href="/wiki/Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Holiday">Bank Holiday</a> (Ireland) Act 1903, an act of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom parliament">United Kingdom parliament</a> introduced by Irish MP <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Mara" title="James O'Mara">James O'Mara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-omara1-65">[65]</a> The first Saint Patrick's Day parade in Ireland was held in <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> in 1903, hundreds of years after the first parade in North America. The week of Saint Patrick's Day 1903 had been declared Irish Language Week by the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic League">Gaelic League</a> and in Waterford they opted to have a procession on Sunday 15 March. The procession comprised the Mayor and members of Waterford Corporation, the Trades Hall, the various trade unions and bands who included the 'Barrack St Band' and the '<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Meagher" title="Thomas Francis Meagher">Thomas Francis Meagher</a> Band'.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The parade began at the premises of the Gaelic League in George's St and finished in the Peoples Park, where the public were addressed by the Mayor and other dignitaries.<a href="#cite_note-munster_express-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> On Tuesday 17 March, most Waterford businesses—including public houses—were closed and marching bands paraded as they had two days previously.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On Saint Patrick's Day 1916, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a>—an Irish nationalist paramilitary organisation—held parades throughout Ireland. The authorities recorded 38 St Patrick's Day parades, involving 6,000 marchers, almost half of whom were reported to be armed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002105-70">[70]</a> The following month, the Irish Volunteers launched the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> against British rule. This marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Irish revolutionary period</a> and led to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a>. During this time, Saint Patrick's Day celebrations in Ireland were muted, although the day was sometimes chosen to hold large political rallies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002108-71">[71]</a> The celebrations remained low-key after the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>; the only state-organized observance was a military procession and <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Trooping the colours">trooping of the colours</a>, and an Irish-language <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic Church)">mass</a> attended by government ministers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002134-72">[72]</a> In 1927, the Irish Free State government <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">banned the selling of alcohol</a> on St Patrick's Day, although it remained legal in Northern Ireland. The ban was not repealed until 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002135–136-73">[73]</a> The first official, state-sponsored Saint Patrick's Day parade in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> took place in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Public St Patrick's Day festivities in Ireland have been cancelled three times, all for public health reasons.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2001, celebrations were postponed to May due to the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">foot-and-mouth outbreak</a>,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> while in 2020 and 2021 they were cancelled outright due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession,_Downpatrick,_March_2010_(03).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG/220px-St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG/330px-St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG/440px-St_Patricks_Day_Inter_Church_Procession%2C_Downpatrick%2C_March_2010_%2803%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A Saint Patrick's Day <a href="/wiki/Christian_procession" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian procession">Christian procession</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>, where Saint Patrick is said to be buried</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, the celebration of Saint Patrick's Day was affected by sectarian divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">[87]</a> A majority of the population were <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Protestants" title="Ulster Protestants">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Ulster unionists</a> who saw themselves primarily as British, while a substantial minority were Catholic Irish nationalists who saw themselves primarily as Irish. Although it was a public holiday, Northern Ireland's unionist government did not officially observe St Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">[87]</a> During the conflict known as <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> (late 1960s–late 1990s), public St Patrick's Day celebrations were rare and tended to be associated with the Catholic community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">[87]</a> In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">loyalists</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Bar_bombing" title="Hillcrest Bar bombing">detonated a car bomb</a> outside a pub crowded with Catholics celebrating St Patrick's Day in <a href="/wiki/Dungannon" title="Dungannon">Dungannon</a>; four civilians were killed and many injured. However, some Protestant unionists attempted to 're-claim' the festival, and in 1985 the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> held its own Saint Patrick's Day parade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">[87]</a> Since the end of the conflict in 1998 there have been cross-community St Patrick's Day parades in towns throughout Northern Ireland, which have attracted thousands of spectators.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">[87]</a> In the mid-1990s the government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> began a campaign to use Saint Patrick's Day to showcase Ireland and its culture.<a href="#cite_note-hist-88">[88]</a> The government set up a group called <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Festival" title="St. Patrick's Festival">St. Patrick's Festival</a>, with the aims of creating a world-class national festival and "to project, internationally, an accurate image of Ireland as a creative, professional and sophisticated country with wide appeal".<a href="#cite_note-festival-89">[89]</a> The first Saint Patrick's Festival was held on 17 March 1996. In 1997, it became a three-day event, and by 2006, the festival was five days long. More than 675,000 people attended the 2009 parade, and that year's festival saw almost 1 million visitors, who took part in festivities that included concerts, outdoor theatre performances, and fireworks.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> From 2006 to 2012 the <a href="/wiki/Skyfest" title="Skyfest">Skyfest</a> formed the centrepiece of the Saint Patrick's Festival.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The week around Saint Patrick's Day is <a href="/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge" title="Seachtain na Gaeilge">Seachtain na Gaeilge</a> ("Irish Language Week"), when more <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> events are held and there is more effort to use the language.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Christian leaders in Ireland have expressed concern about the secularisation of Saint Patrick's Day. In The Word magazine's March 2007 issue, Fr <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Twomey" title="Vincent Twomey">Vincent Twomey</a> wrote, "It is time to reclaim St Patrick's Day as a church festival". He questioned the need for "mindless alcohol-fuelled revelry" and concluded that "it is time to bring the piety and the fun together".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> One of the biggest celebrations outside the cities is in <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a>, where Saint Patrick is said to be buried. The shortest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the world formerly took place in <a href="/wiki/Dripsey" title="Dripsey">Dripsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>. The parade lasted just 23.4 metres and traveled between the village's two pubs. The tradition began in 1999, but ended after five years when one of the pubs closed.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celebrations_elsewhere">Celebrations elsewhere</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Celebrations elsewhere">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg/220px-388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg/330px-388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg/440px-388-0049-hinnerk-ruemenapf_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5496" data-file-height="3711" /></a><figcaption>Saint Patrick's Day 2016 in an <a href="/wiki/Irish_pub" title="Irish pub">Irish pub</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: England">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg/220px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg/330px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg/440px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_-_Trafalgar_Square_March_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3025" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>Saint Patrick's Day celebration at <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> in London, 2006</figcaption></figure> In England, the Royal Colonel or <a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">Colonel-in-chief</a> traditionally present bowls of shamrock to members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Guards" title="Irish Guards">Irish Guards</a>, a regiment in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Queen Alexandra</a> introducing the tradition in 1901.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Since 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge">Duchess of Cambridge</a> has presented the bowls of shamrock to the Irish Guards. While female royals are often tasked with presenting the bowls of shamrock, male royals have also undertaken the role, such as <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a> in 1950 to mark the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Irish Guards, and in 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Duke of Cambridge</a> in place of his wife.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Fresh Shamrocks are presented to the Irish Guards, regardless of where they are stationed, and are flown in from Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> While some Saint Patrick's Day celebrations could be conducted openly in Britain pre 1960s, this would change following the commencement by the IRA's bombing campaign on <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">mainland Britain</a> and as a consequence this resulted in a suspicion of all things Irish and those who supported them which led to people of Irish descent wearing a sprig of shamrock on Saint Patrick's day in private or attending specific events.<a href="#cite_note-Pages_180–183-100">[100]</a> Today after many years following <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">the Good Friday Agreement</a>, people of Irish descent openly wear a sprig of shamrock to celebrate their Irishness.<a href="#cite_note-Pages_180–183-100">[100]</a> Christian denominations in Great Britain observing his <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> include <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of England">The Church of England</a> and the Roman Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_and_non-Irish_celebrants-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> holds the largest Saint Patrick's Day parade in Britain with a city centre parade<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> over a two-mile (3 km) route through the city centre. The organisers describe it as the third biggest parade in the world after Dublin and New York.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> London, since 2002, has had an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade which takes place on weekends around the 17th, usually in Trafalgar Square. In 2008, the water in the Trafalgar Square fountains was dyed green. In 2020, the parade was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> has the highest proportion of residents with Irish ancestry of any English city.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> This has led to a long-standing celebration on Saint Patrick's Day in terms of music, cultural events and the parade.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> hosts a two-week Irish festival in the weeks prior to Saint Patrick's Day. The festival includes an Irish Market based at the city's town hall which flies the Irish tricolour opposite the Union Flag, a large parade as well as a large number of cultural and learning events throughout the two-week period.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malta">Malta</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Malta">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg/220px-Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg/330px-Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg/440px-Porte_des_Bombes_on_St_Patrick%27s_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Porte_des_Bombes" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte des Bombes">Porte des Bombes</a> illuminated in green on Saint Patrick's Day of 2014</figcaption></figure> The first Saint Patrick's Day celebrations in Malta took place in the early 20th century by soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dublin_Fusiliers" title="Royal Dublin Fusiliers">Royal Dublin Fusiliers</a> who were stationed in <a href="/wiki/Floriana" title="Floriana">Floriana</a>. Celebrations were held in the Balzunetta area of the town, which contained a number of bars and was located close to the barracks. The Irish diaspora in Malta continued to celebrate the feast annually.<a href="#cite_note-maltaindependent2018-03-18-106">[106]</a> Today, Saint Patrick's Day is mainly celebrated in Spinola Bay and <a href="/wiki/Paceville" title="Paceville">Paceville</a> areas of <a href="/wiki/St_Julian%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="St Julian's">St Julian's</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> although other celebrations still occur at Floriana<a href="#cite_note-maltaindependent2018-03-18-106">[106]</a> and other locations.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Thousands of Maltese attend the celebrations, "which are more associated with drinking beer than traditional Irish culture."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norway">Norway</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> Norway has had a Saint Patrick's Day parade in Oslo since 2000, first organized by Irish expatriates living in Norway, and partially coordinated with the Irish embassy in Oslo.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg/220px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg/330px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg/440px-St_Patrick%27s_Day_2012_in_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> hosts an annual Saint Patrick's Day festival</figcaption></figure> The first Saint Patrick's Day parade in Russia took place in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Since 1999, there has been a yearly "Saint Patrick's Day" festival in Moscow and other Russian cities.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The official part of the Moscow parade is a military-style parade and is held in collaboration with the Moscow government and the Irish embassy in Moscow. The unofficial parade is held by volunteers and resembles a carnival. In 2014, Moscow Irish Week was celebrated from 12 to 23 March, which includes Saint Patrick's Day on 17 March. Over 70 events celebrating Irish culture in Moscow, St Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Voronezh, and Volgograd were sponsored by the Irish Embassy, the Moscow City Government, and other organisations.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> added the feast day of Saint Patrick to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">its liturgical calendar</a>, to be celebrated on 30 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 17 March].<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> has a large Irish expatriate community.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The community established the <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Irish_Festival" title="Sarajevo Irish Festival">Sarajevo Irish Festival</a> in 2015, which is held for three days around and including Saint Patrick's Day. The festival organizes an annual a parade, hosts Irish theatre companies, screens Irish films and organizes concerts of Irish folk musicians. The festival has hosted numerous Irish artists, filmmakers, theatre directors and musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Conor_Horgan" title="Conor Horgan">Conor Horgan</a>, Ailis Ni Riain, <a href="/wiki/Dermot_Dunne" title="Dermot Dunne">Dermot Dunne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mick_Moloney" title="Mick Moloney">Mick Moloney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Agnew" title="Chloë Agnew">Chloë Agnew</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Scotland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG/220px-Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG/330px-Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG/440px-Stpatricksdayfestivalcbridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption>2009 <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day_festival_Coatbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day festival Coatbridge">Saint Patrick's Day festival</a> celebration in <a href="/wiki/Coatbridge" title="Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a>, Scotland</figcaption></figure> The Scottish town of <a href="/wiki/Coatbridge" title="Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a>, where the majority of the town's population are of Irish descent,<a href="#cite_note-ScotGov-Immigration-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoatbridgeFestival-123">[123]</a> also has <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day_festival_Coatbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day festival Coatbridge">a Saint Patrick's Day Festival</a> which includes celebrations and parades in the town centre.<a href="#cite_note-CoatbridgeFestival-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> has a considerably large Irish population; due, for the most part, to the Irish immigration during the 19th century. This immigration was the main cause in raising the population of Glasgow by over 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Due to this large Irish population, there are many Irish-themed pubs and Irish interest groups who hold yearly celebrations on Saint Patrick's day in Glasgow. Glasgow has held a yearly Saint Patrick's Day parade and festival since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/La_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Coruña">La Coruña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benidorm" title="Benidorm">Benidorm</a> are the biggest cities where great celebrations take place in Spain, but some other smaller cities have started to host Saint Patrick's Day in recent years, such as <a href="/wiki/El_Espinar" title="El Espinar">El Espinar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caldas_de_Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caldas de Reyes">Caldas de Reyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elda" title="Elda">Elda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maspalomas" title="Maspalomas">Maspalomas</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> While Saint Patrick's Day in Switzerland is commonly celebrated on 17 March with festivities similar to those in neighbouring central European countries, it is not unusual for Swiss students to organise celebrations in their own living spaces on Saint Patrick's Eve. Most popular are usually those in Zurich's <a href="/wiki/Aussersihl" title="Aussersihl">Kreis 4</a>. Traditionally, guests also contribute with beverages and dress in green.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lithuania">edit</a>]</div> Although it is not a national holiday in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vilnia_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnia River">Vilnia River</a> is dyed green every year on the Saint Patrick's Day in the capital <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Americas">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg/220px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg/330px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg/440px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Montreal_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>Montreal hosts one of the longest-running and largest Saint Patrick's Day parades in North America</figcaption></figure> One of the longest-running and largest Saint Patrick's Day (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: le jour de la Saint-Patrick) parades in North America occurs each year in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal" title="Flag of Montreal">city flag</a> includes a <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a> in its lower-right quadrant. The yearly celebration has been organised by the United Irish Societies of Montreal since 1929. The parade has been held yearly without interruption since 1824. Saint Patrick's Day itself, however, has been celebrated in Montreal since as far back as 1759 by Irish soldiers in the Montreal Garrison following the British conquest of New France. In <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a> Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated as a week-long celebration. Shortly after the JP Collins Celtic Festival is an Irish festival celebrating Saint John's Irish heritage. The festival is named for a young Irish doctor James Patrick Collins who worked on <a href="/wiki/Partridge_Island_(Saint_John_County)" title="Partridge Island (Saint John County)">Partridge Island (Saint John County)</a> quarantine station tending to sick Irish immigrants before he died there himself. In <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, the Irish Association of Manitoba runs a yearly three-day festival of music and culture based around Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2004, the CelticFest Vancouver Society organised its first yearly festival in downtown <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Nations">Celtic Nations</a> and their cultures. This event, which includes a parade, occurs each year during the weekend nearest Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, there was a parade from 1837 to 1926. The <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_St-Patrick_Parade" title="Quebec City St-Patrick Parade">Quebec City St-Patrick Parade</a> returned in 2010 after more than 84 years. For the occasion, a portion of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York Police Department</a> Pipes and Drums were present as special guests. There has been a parade held in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> since at least 1863.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> hockey team was known as the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_St._Patricks" title="Toronto St. Patricks">Toronto St. Patricks</a> from 1919 to 1927, and wore green jerseys. In 1999, when the Maple Leafs played on Saint Patrick's Day, they wore green St Patrick's retro uniforms.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some groups, notably <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a>, have lobbied to make Saint Patrick's Day a national holiday.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In March 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Tower" title="Calgary Tower">Calgary Tower</a> changed its top exterior lights to new green CFL bulbs just in time for Saint Patrick's Day. Part of an environmental non-profit organisation's campaign (Project Porchlight), the green represented environmental concerns. Approximately 210 lights were changed in time for Saint Patrick's Day, and resembled a <a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">Leprechaun</a>'s hat. After a week, white CFLs took their place. The change was estimated to save the Calgary Tower some $12,000 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tonnes.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Since 2019, the City of <a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo, Ontario</a> has had to contend with an ever-growing massive street party that has coincided with the Saint Patrick's Day celebrations. In 2023, police could be seen putting fences up on Ezra Avenue to discourage partiers to participate in the unauthorized event that has cost the city as much as $750,000 a year for police, paramedics, and municipal services.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg/220px-ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg/330px-ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg/440px-ChicagoStPatricksDay2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4637" data-file-height="3091" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a> <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyed</a> green<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day_in_the_United_States" title="Saint Patrick's Day in the United States">Saint Patrick's Day in the United States</a></div> Saint Patrick's Day, while not a legal holiday in the United States, is nonetheless widely recognised and observed throughout the country as a celebration of Irish and Irish-American culture. Celebrations include prominent displays of the colour green, religious observances, numerous parades, and copious consumption of alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-Irish_Culture_3-11">[11]</a> The holiday has been celebrated in what is now the U.S. since 1600, with the first parade occurring in 1601.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> It is customary for the Irish <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> (Irish Prime Minister) to meet with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> on or around Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Traditionally the Taoiseach presents the US president a <a href="/wiki/Waterford_Crystal" title="Waterford Crystal">Waterford Crystal</a> bowl filled with shamrocks.<a href="#cite_note-irishexaminer.com-144">[144]</a> This tradition began in 1952 when the Irish Ambassador to the US, <a href="/wiki/John_Hearne_(lawyer)" title="John Hearne (lawyer)">John Hearne</a>, sent a box of shamrocks to President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>. From then it became a yearly custom for the Irish ambassador to send Saint Patrick's Day shamrocks to an official in the US President's administration, although on some occasions the shamrocks were given personally by the Irish Taoiseach or Irish President to the US president in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-irishexaminer.com-144">[144]</a> After the meeting between Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in 1994, the presenting of the shamrocks became a yearly custom.<a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Battalion" title="Saint Patrick's Battalion">Saint Patrick's Battalion</a> is honored in Mexico on Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argentina">Argentina</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg/220px-D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg/330px-D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg/440px-D%C3%ADa_de_San_Patricio_Buenos_Aires_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Celebrations in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> centre on Reconquista street</figcaption></figure> In Buenos Aires, a party is held in the downtown street of Reconquista, where there are several Irish pubs;<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> in 2006, there were 50,000 people in this street and the pubs nearby.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Neither the Catholic Church nor the <a href="/wiki/Irish_settlement_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish settlement in Argentina">Irish community</a>, the fifth largest in the world outside Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> take part in the organisation of the parties. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montserrat">Montserrat</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Montserrat">edit</a>]</div> The island of <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> is known as the "Emerald Island of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean</a>" because of its founding by <a href="/wiki/Irish_immigration_to_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Irish immigration to Saint Kitts and Nevis">Irish refugees from Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>. Montserrat is one of three places where Saint Patrick's Day is a public holiday, along with Ireland and the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The holiday in Montserrat also commemorates a failed slave uprising that occurred on 17 March 1768.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_(8562155117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg/220px-St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg/330px-St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg/440px-St_Patrick%27s_Parade_Brisbane-13_%288562155117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>Saint Patrick's Parade in Brisbane</figcaption></figure> Saint Patrick's Day is not a public holiday in Australia, although it is celebrated each year across the country's states and territories.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Festivals and parades are often held on weekends around 17 March in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> On occasion, festivals and parades are cancelled. For instance, Melbourne's 2006 and 2007 Saint Patrick's Day festivals and parades were cancelled due to sporting events (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Grand_Prix" title="Australian Grand Prix">Australian Grand Prix</a>) being booked on and around the planned Saint Patrick's Day festivals and parades in the city.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In Sydney the parade and family day was cancelled in 2016 due to financial problems.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> However, Brisbane's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which was cancelled at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and wasn't revived until 1990,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> was not called off in 2020 as precaution for the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, in contrast to many other Saint Patrick's Day parades around the world.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The first mention of Saint Patrick's Day being celebrated in Australia was in 1795, when Irish convicts and administrators, Catholic and Protestant, in the <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> came together to celebrate the day as a national holiday, despite a ban against assemblies being in place at the time.<a href="#cite_note-O'Farrell-164">[164]</a> This unified day of Irish nationalist observance would soon dissipate over time, with celebrations on Saint Patrick's Day becoming divisive between religions and social classes, representative more of Australianness than of Irishness and held intermittingly throughout the years.<a href="#cite_note-O'Farrell-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Farrell" title="Patrick O'Farrell">Patrick O'Farrell</a> credits the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">1916 Easter Rising</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Daniel_Mannix" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Daniel Mannix">Archbishop Daniel Mannix</a> of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> for re-igniting St Patrick's Day celebrations in Australia and reviving the sense of Irishness amongst those with Irish heritage.<a href="#cite_note-O'Farrell-164">[164]</a> The organisers of the Saint Patrick's festivities in the past were, more often than not, the Catholic clergy<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> which often courted controversy.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Phelan_(Bishop_of_Sale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Phelan (Bishop of Sale)">Bishop Patrick Phelan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sale" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale">Sale</a> described in 1921 how the authorities in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> had ordered that a <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> be flown at the front of the Saint Patrick's Day parade and following the refusal by Irishmen and <a href="/wiki/Irish-Australians" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-Australians">Irish-Australians</a> to do so, the authorities paid for an individual to carry the flag at the head of the parade.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> This individual was later assaulted by two men who were later fined in court.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> From 1878 to 1955, Saint Patrick's Day was recognised as a public holiday in New Zealand, together with <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Day">St George's Day</a> (England) and <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew's Day">St Andrew's Day</a> (Scotland).<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> attracted many Irish migrants in the 1850s and 1860s, and it was here where some of the earliest Saint Patrick's Day celebrations took place, which often entailed the hosting of community picnics.<a href="#cite_note-Bueltmann-177">[177]</a> However, this rapidly evolved from the late 1860s onwards to include holding parades with pipe bands and marching children wearing green, sporting events, concerts, balls and other social events, where people displayed their Irishness with pride.<a href="#cite_note-Bueltmann-177">[177]</a> While Saint Patrick's Day is no longer recognised as a public holiday, it continues to be celebrated across New Zealand with festivals and parades at weekends on or around 17 March.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg/220px-Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg/330px-Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg/440px-Saint_Patricks_Day_in_Motomachi_Yokohama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Saint Patrick's Day in <a href="/wiki/Motomachi,_Yokohama" title="Motomachi, Yokohama">Motomachi, Yokohama</a></figcaption></figure> Saint Patrick's parades are now held in many locations across Japan.<a href="#cite_note-url2013_St_Patricks_Day_Parades_in_Japan-180">[180]</a> The first parade, in Tokyo, was organised by The Irish Network Japan (INJ) in 1992. The Irish Association of Korea has celebrated Saint Patrick's Day since 1976 in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. The place of the parade and festival has been moved from <a href="/wiki/Itaewon" title="Itaewon">Itaewon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daehangno" title="Daehangno">Daehangno</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cheonggyecheon" title="Cheonggyecheon">Cheonggyecheon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the St Patrick's Society of Selangor, founded in 1925, organises a yearly St Patrick's Ball, described as the biggest Saint Patrick's Day celebration in Asia. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Anchor_Berhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Anchor Berhad">Guinness Anchor Berhad</a> also organises 36 parties across the country in places like the <a href="/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, Malacca, <a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miri,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri, Malaysia">Miri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UN_Peacekeeping_Missions">UN Peacekeeping Missions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: UN Peacekeeping Missions">edit</a>]</div> Irish <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) peacekeepers also celebrating Saint Patrick's Day outside Ireland during their participation in UN peacekeeping missions in conflict-raged countries.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Space_Station">International Space Station</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: International Space Station">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/220px-Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/330px-Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/440px-Chris_Hadfield_in_the_Space_Station_on_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Astronaut <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a> wearing green in the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> on Saint Patrick's Day, 2013</figcaption></figure> Astronauts on board the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> have celebrated the festival in different ways. Irish-American <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Coleman" title="Catherine Coleman">Catherine Coleman</a> played a hundred-year-old flute belonging to <a href="/wiki/Matt_Molloy" title="Matt Molloy">Matt Molloy</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle">tin whistle</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Moloney" title="Paddy Moloney">Paddy Moloney</a>, both members of the Irish music group <a href="/wiki/The_Chieftains" title="The Chieftains">The Chieftains</a>, while floating weightless in the space station on Saint Patrick's Day in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Her performance was later included in a track called "The Chieftains in Orbit" on the group's 2012 album, <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Ages" title="Voice of Ages">Voice of Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a> took photographs of Ireland from Earth orbit, and a picture of himself wearing green clothing in the space station, and posted them online on Saint Patrick's Day in 2013. He also posted online a recording of himself singing "<a href="/wiki/Danny_Boy" title="Danny Boy">Danny Boy</a>" in space.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> Saint Patrick's Day celebrations have been criticised, particularly for their association with <a href="/wiki/Public_drunkenness" class="mw-redirect" title="Public drunkenness">public drunkenness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disorderly_conduct" title="Disorderly conduct">disorderly conduct</a>. Some argue that the festivities have become too <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialised</a> and tacky,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and have strayed from their original purpose of honouring Saint Patrick and Irish heritage.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240-189">[189]</a> Irish American journalist <a href="/wiki/Niall_O%27Dowd" title="Niall O'Dowd">Niall O'Dowd</a> has criticised attempts to recast Saint Patrick's Day as a celebration of <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> rather than a celebration of Irishness.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/220px-Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/330px-Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg/440px-Man_in_Leprechaun_Outfit_on_St_Patrick%27s_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="2388" /></a><figcaption>Man in a <a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">leprechaun</a> outfit on Saint Patrick's Day</figcaption></figure> Saint Patrick's Day celebrations have also been criticised for fostering demeaning stereotypes of Ireland and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240-189">[189]</a> An example is the wearing of '<a href="/wiki/Leprechaun" title="Leprechaun">leprechaun</a> outfits',<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> which are based on derogatory 19th century caricatures of the Irish.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In the run up to Saint Patrick's Day 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Hibernians" title="Ancient Order of Hibernians">Ancient Order of Hibernians</a> successfully campaigned to stop major American retailers from selling novelty merchandise that promoted negative Irish stereotypes.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Saint Patrick's Day celebrations outside Ireland have been described by critics as displays of "<a href="/wiki/Plastic_Paddy" title="Plastic Paddy">Plastic Paddyness</a>"; where foreigners <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">appropriate</a> and misrepresent <a href="/wiki/Irish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish culture">Irish culture</a>, claim Irish identity, and enact Irish stereotypes.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT groups in the US</a> were long banned from marching in Saint Patrick's Day parades in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, resulting in the landmark <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> decision of <a href="/wiki/Hurley_v._Irish-American_Gay,_Lesbian,_and_Bisexual_Group_of_Boston" title="Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston">Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston</a>. In New York City, the ban was lifted in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> but LGBT groups still find that barriers to participation exist.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In Boston, the ban on LGBT group participation was lifted in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_events">Sports events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports events">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Traditionally the finals of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship">All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship</a> and <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Hurling_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship">All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship</a> were held on Saint Patrick's Day in <a href="/wiki/Croke_Park" title="Croke Park">Croke Park</a>, Dublin, but since 2020 these now take place in January. The <a href="/wiki/Interprovincial_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Interprovincial Championship">Interprovincial Championship</a> was previously held on 17 March but this was switched to games being played in Autumn.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Leinster_Schools_Rugby_Senior_Cup" title="Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup">Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munster_Schools_Rugby_Senior_Cup" title="Munster Schools Rugby Senior Cup">Munster Schools Rugby Senior Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Schools_Senior_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Schools Senior Cup">Ulster Schools Senior Cup</a> finals are held on Saint Patrick's Day. The <a href="/wiki/Connacht_Schools_Rugby_Senior_Cup" title="Connacht Schools Rugby Senior Cup">Connacht Schools Rugby Senior Cup</a> final is held on the weekend before Saint Patrick's Day.</li> <li>Horse racing at the <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Festival" title="Cheltenham Festival">Cheltenham Festival</a> attracts large numbers of Irish people, both residents of Britain and many who travel from Ireland, and usually coincides with Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_Championship" title="Six Nations Championship">Six Nations Championship</a> is an annual international rugby Union tournament competed by <a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_union_team" title="Ireland national rugby union team">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_rugby_union_team" title="Italy national rugby union team">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_rugby_union_team" title="Scotland national rugby union team">Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team" title="Wales national rugby union team">Wales</a> and reaches its climax on or around Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> On <a href="/wiki/2018_Six_Nations_Championship" title="2018 Six Nations Championship">St Patrick's Day 2018</a>, Ireland defeated England 24–15 at <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to claim the third <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(rugby_union)" title="Grand Slam (rugby union)">Grand Slam</a> in their history.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day_Test" title="Saint Patrick's Day Test">Saint Patrick's Day Test</a> is an international <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> tournament that is played between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_league_team" class="mw-redirect" title="United States national rugby league team">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_league_team" title="Ireland national rugby league team">Ireland</a>. The competition was first started in 1995 and continued in 1996, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2011, and 2012. Ireland won the first two tests as well as the one in 2011, with the US winning the remaining 5. The game is usually held on or around 17 March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_of_the_United_States_and_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada">major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada</a> that play during March often wear special <a href="/wiki/Third_jersey" title="Third jersey">third jerseys</a> to acknowledge the holiday. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> (who have worn special Irish-themed practice jerseys), <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> (who wear <a href="/wiki/Toronto_St._Patricks" title="Toronto St. Patricks">Toronto St. Patricks</a> throwbacks), <a href="/wiki/New_York_Knicks" title="New York Knicks">New York Knicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Raptors" title="Toronto Raptors">Toronto Raptors</a>, and most <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> teams. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a> have worn their green-and-red throwback jerseys on or around Saint Patrick's Day in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic calendar">Gaelic calendar</a>, also known as Irish calendar</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Great_Day_for_the_Irish" title="It's a Great Day for the Irish">It's a Great Day for the Irish</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Patrick">Order of St. Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Breastplate" title="Saint Patrick's Breastplate">Saint Patrick's Breastplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Snowstorm" title="St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm">St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm</a> of 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Brigid_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Brigid of Ireland">Saint Brigid of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Urho" title="Saint Urho">Saint Urho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unofficial_Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Unofficial Saint Patrick's Day">Unofficial Saint Patrick's Day</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBolton2016" class="citation news cs1">Bolton, Doug (16 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/st-patricks-day-2016-pattys-day-name-google-chrome-extension-a6935141.html">"One Irish creative agency is leading the charge against 'St. Patty's Day'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180312211704/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/st-patricks-day-2016-pattys-day-name-google-chrome-extension-a6935141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018. <q>That's the thinking behind the No More Patty Google Chrome extension, created by Dublin-based creative agency in the Company of Huskies. The extension can be installed in a few clicks, and automatically replaces every online mention of the "very wrong" 'Patty' with the "absolutely right" 'Paddy'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=One+Irish+creative+agency+is+leading+the+charge+against+%27St.+Patty%27s+Day%27&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fgadgets-and-tech%2Fnews%2Fst-patricks-day-2016-pattys-day-name-google-chrome-extension-a6935141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2017" class="citation news cs1">Jenkins, Aric (15 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4703066/st-patricks-day-paddys-pattys-dublin-ireland/">"Why Some Irish People Don't Want You to Call It St. Patty's Day"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510120240/http://time.com/4703066/st-patricks-day-paddys-pattys-dublin-ireland/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Why+Some+Irish+People+Don%27t+Want+You+to+Call+It+St.+Patty%27s+Day&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Aric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4703066%2Fst-patricks-day-paddys-pattys-dublin-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/st-patricks-day-apostrophe/">"Is It "St. Patrick's Day" Or "St. Patricks Day"?"</a>. dictionary.com. 17 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318055949/https://www.dictionary.com/e/st-patricks-day-apostrophe/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Is+It+%22St.+Patrick%27s+Day%22+Or+%22St.+Patricks+Day%22%3F&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fe%2Fst-patricks-day-apostrophe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan_Valinsky.2015" class="citation news cs1">Jordan Valinsky. (8 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/speedreads/456377/dublin-airport-like-remind-st-paddys-day-not-st-pattys-day">"Dublin Airport would like to remind you it's St. Paddy's Day, not St. Patty's Day"</a>. The Week. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328154635/https://theweek.com/speedreads/456377/dublin-airport-like-remind-st-paddys-day-not-st-pattys-day">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Dublin+Airport+would+like+to+remind+you+it%27s+St.+Paddy%27s+Day%2C+not+St.+Patty%27s+Day&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft.au=Jordan+Valinsky.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fspeedreads%2F456377%2Fdublin-airport-like-remind-st-paddys-day-not-st-pattys-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RitschelMichallon2022-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RitschelMichallon2022_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RitschelMichallon2022_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitschelMichallon2022" class="citation web cs1">Ritschel, Chelsea; Michallon, Clémence (17 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/st-patricks-day-ireland-history-b2037858.html">"What is the meaning behind St Patrick's Day?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2022. <q>The day of celebration, which marks the day of St Patrick's death, is a religious holiday meant to celebrate the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, and made official by the Catholic Church in the early 17th century. Observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Lutheran Church, the day was typically observed with services, feasts and alcohol.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+is+the+meaning+behind+St+Patrick%27s+Day%3F&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Ritschel&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft.au=Michallon%2C+Cl%C3%A9mence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fst-patricks-day-ireland-history-b2037858.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ariel2018-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Ariel2018_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAriel2018" class="citation book cs1">Ariel, Shlomo (2018). Multi-Dimensional Therapy with Families, Children and Adults: The Diamond Model. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-58794-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-58794-5"><bdi>978-1-351-58794-5</bdi></a>. <q>In many culture, identity perception is supported by constitutive myths, traditions and rituals (e.g. the Jewish Passover, the myth of the foundation of Rome [the tale of Romulus and Remus] and St. Patrick's Day, which commemorates the arrival of Christianity to Ireland and celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multi-Dimensional+Therapy+with+Families%2C+Children+and+Adults%3A+The+Diamond+Model&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-351-58794-5&rft.aulast=Ariel&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515055936/http://www.ireland.anglican.org/index.php?do=news&newsid=3496">"St Patrick's Day celebrations"</a>. Church of Ireland. The Irish Times. 12 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ireland.anglican.org/index.php?do=news&newsid=3496">the original</a> on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2013 – via ireland.anglican.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+celebrations&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ireland.anglican.org%2Findex.php%3Fdo%3Dnews%26newsid%3D3496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_Culture_1-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_1_8-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillard_Burgess_Moore1989" class="citation book cs1">Willard Burgess Moore (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/circlesoftraditi00moor">Circles of Tradition: Folk Arts in Minnesota</a>. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/circlesoftraditi00moor/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873512398" title="Special:BookSources/9780873512398"><bdi>9780873512398</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>In nineteenth-century America it became a celebration of Irishness, more than a religious occasion, though attending Mass continues as an essential part of the day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circles+of+Tradition%3A+Folk+Arts+in+Minnesota&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780873512398&rft.au=Willard+Burgess+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcirclesoftraditi00moor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_Culture_2-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_2_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillard_Burgess_Moore1989" class="citation book cs1">Willard Burgess Moore (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/circlesoftraditi00moor">Circles of Tradition: Folk Arts in Minnesota</a>. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/circlesoftraditi00moor/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873512398" title="Special:BookSources/9780873512398"><bdi>9780873512398</bdi></a>. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>The religious occasion did involve the wearing of shamrocks, an Irish symbol of the Holy Trinity, and the lifting of Lenten restrictions on drinking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circles+of+Tradition%3A+Folk+Arts+in+Minnesota&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780873512398&rft.au=Willard+Burgess+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcirclesoftraditi00moor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_Culture_5-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_5_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_5_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarth2001" class="citation book cs1">Barth, Edna (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7FleEqDJZD8C&pg=PA7">Shamrocks, Harps, and Shillelaghs: The Story of the St. Patrick's Day Symbols</a>. Sandpiper. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0618096515" title="Special:BookSources/0618096515"><bdi>0618096515</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121192012/https://books.google.com/books?id=7FleEqDJZD8C&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>For most Irish-Americans, this holiday (from holy day) is partially religious but overwhelmingly festive. For most Irish people in Ireland the day has little to do with religion at all and St. Patrick's Day church services are followed by parades and parties, the latter being the best attended. The festivities are marked by Irish music, songs, and dances.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shamrocks%2C+Harps%2C+and+Shillelaghs%3A+The+Story+of+the+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Symbols&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Sandpiper&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0618096515&rft.aulast=Barth&rft.aufirst=Edna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7FleEqDJZD8C%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_Culture_3-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_3_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_3_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_3_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagle2009" class="citation book cs1">Nagle, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f-HhnQEACAAJ">Multiculturalism's Double-Bind</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-754-67607-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-754-67607-2"><bdi>978-0-754-67607-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819064358/https://books.google.com/books?id=f-HhnQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>Like many other forms of carnival, St. Patrick's Day is a feast day, a break from Lent in which adherents are allowed to temporarily abandon rigorous fasting by indulging the forbidden. Since alcohol is often proscribed during Lent the copious consumption of alcohol is seen as an integral part of St. Patrick's day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiculturalism%27s+Double-Bind&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-754-67607-2&rft.aulast=Nagle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df-HhnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_Culture_4-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_4_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_Culture_4_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Terence_Fisher2007" class="citation book cs1">James Terence Fisher (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voeg2IjM4YAC&pg=PA88">Communion of Immigrants: A History of Catholics in America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199842254" title="Special:BookSources/9780199842254"><bdi>9780199842254</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006103354/https://books.google.com/books?id=voeg2IjM4YAC&pg=PA88">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>The 40-day period (not counting Sundays) prior to Easter is known as Lent, a time of prayer and fasting. Pastors of Irish-American parishes often supplied "dispensations" for St. Patrick s Day, enabling parishioners to forego Lenten sacrifices in order to celebrate the feast of their patron saint.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communion+of+Immigrants%3A+A+History+of+Catholics+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199842254&rft.au=James+Terence+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvoeg2IjM4YAC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/employment/employment_rights_and_conditions/leave_and_holidays/public_holidays_in_ireland.html">"Public holidays in Ireland"</a>. Citizens Information Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101117072632/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/employment/employment_rights_and_conditions/leave_and_holidays/public_holidays_in_ireland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>There is only one place outside of Ireland that celebrates St. Patrick's Day as a national public holiday: the island of Montserrat. The small pear-shaped island is about 40 square miles and is located just south of Antigua. It's known as the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+holidays+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Citizens+Information+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinformation.ie%2Fen%2Femployment%2Femployment_rights_and_conditions%2Fleave_and_holidays%2Fpublic_holidays_in_ireland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101122114013/http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/index/government-citizens-and-rights/living-in-northern-ireland/bank-holidays.htm">"Bank holidays"</a>. NI Direct. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/index/government-citizens-and-rights/living-in-northern-ireland/bank-holidays.htm">the original</a> on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+holidays&rft.pub=NI+Direct&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nidirect.gov.uk%2Findex%2Fgovernment-citizens-and-rights%2Fliving-in-northern-ireland%2Fbank-holidays.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitschel2019" class="citation web cs1">Ritschel, Chelsea (17 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/st-patricks-day-2019-when-where-events-history-fancy-dress-costume-a8818061.html">"St Patrick's Day 2019: When is it and where can I celebrate?"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423230741/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/st-patricks-day-2019-when-where-events-history-fancy-dress-costume-a8818061.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+2019%3A+When+is+it+and+where+can+I+celebrate%3F&rft.date=2019-03-17&rft.aulast=Ritschel&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fst-patricks-day-2019-when-where-events-history-fancy-dress-costume-a8818061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/south-africa/our-role/irish-community/st-patricks-day/">"St Patrick's Day – Department of Foreign Affairs"</a>. www.dfa.ie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dfa.ie&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfa.ie%2Firish-embassy%2Fsouth-africa%2Four-role%2Firish-community%2Fst-patricks-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002242-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002242_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002242_17-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, p. 242<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5TYHqrao2PwC&pg=SL26-PA42">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarin" class="citation web cs1">Varin, Andra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91823">"The Americanization of St. Patrick's Day"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417133943/https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91823">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=The+Americanization+of+St.+Patrick%27s+Day&rft.aulast=Varin&rft.aufirst=Andra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fstory%3Fid%3D91823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/patrick/confession.ii.html">"Confession of St. Patrick"</a>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library at Calvin College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216091245/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/patrick/confession.ii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confession+of+St.+Patrick&rft.pub=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library+at+Calvin+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fpatrick%2Fconfession.ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgwaterKurtz1963" class="citation book cs1">Bridgwater, William; Kurtz, Seymour, eds. (1963). "Saint Patrick". The Columbia Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1611–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint+Patrick&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1611-12&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen2014" class="citation web cs1">Owen, James (15 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318031847/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/140315-saint-patricks-day-2014-snakes-ireland-nation">"Did St. Patrick Really Drive Snakes Out of Ireland?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/140315-saint-patricks-day-2014-snakes-ireland-nation">the original</a> on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+St.+Patrick+Really+Drive+Snakes+Out+of+Ireland%3F&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2Farticle%2F140315-saint-patricks-day-2014-snakes-ireland-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002xxiii-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002xxiii_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, p. xxiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snag.ie/">"Seachtain na Gaeilge – 1 – 17 MARCH 2021"</a> (in Irish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310110330/https://snag.ie/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seachtain+na+Gaeilge+%E2%80%93+1+%E2%80%93+17+MARCH+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnag.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> St Patrick's Day: Globe Goes Green. (17 March 2018). <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The World Goes Green for St Patrick's Day. (16 March 2018) <a href="/wiki/RTE_News" class="mw-redirect" title="RTE News">RTE News</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Global Greening Campaign 2018. (2018) <a href="/wiki/Tourism_Ireland" title="Tourism Ireland">Tourism Ireland</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Ó Conghaile, Pól. (16 March 2018). Green Lights: See the Landmarks Going Green for St Patrick's Day!. <a href="/wiki/Independent.ie" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.ie">Independent.ie</a> Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucy_Price2024" class="citation web cs1">Lucy Price (18 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travellertoday.com/best-places-celebrate-st-patricks-day/">"How is St. Patrick's Day Celebrated in Ireland in 2024?"</a>. www.travellertoday.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travellertoday.com&rft.atitle=How+is+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Celebrated+in+Ireland+in+2024%3F&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft.au=Lucy+Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travellertoday.com%2Fbest-places-celebrate-st-patricks-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200226-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200226_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantino1995" class="citation book cs1">Santino, Jack (1995). All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life. University of Illinois Press. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Around+the+Year%3A+Holidays+and+Celebrations+in+American+Life&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Santino&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickey2014" class="citation web cs1">Hickey, Donal (17 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/donal-hickey/the-facts-about-shamrock-262195.html">"The facts about shamrock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312072313/http://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/outdoors/donal-hickey/the-facts-about-shamrock-262195.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=The+facts+about+shamrock&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=Donal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Flifestyle%2Foutdoors%2Fdonal-hickey%2Fthe-facts-about-shamrock-262195.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/03/09/how-st-patricks-day-celebrations-went-global">How St Patrick's Day Celebrations Went Global</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011907/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/03/09/how-st-patricks-day-celebrations-went-global">Archived</a> 9 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (9 March 2018) <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Doyle, Kevin. (16 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/st-patricks-day-exodus-to-see-ministers-travel-to-35-countries-36495240.html">St Patrick's Day Exodus to See Ministers Travel to 35 Countries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108202901/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/st-patricks-day-exodus-to-see-ministers-travel-to-35-countries-36495240.html">Archived</a> 8 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-natgeo-34"><a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernon2004" class="citation web cs1">Vernon, Jennifer (15 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202063415/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0312_040312_stpatrick_2.html">"St. Patrick's Day: Fact vs. Fiction"</a>. National Geographic News. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0312_040312_stpatrick_2.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 31 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Day%3A+Fact+vs.+Fiction&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.aulast=Vernon&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2F03%2F0312_040312_stpatrick_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewell2000" class="citation web cs1">Newell, Jill (16 March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csulb.edu/~d49er/spring00/news/v7n91-holiday.html">"Holiday has history"</a>. Daily Forty-Niner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090316052428/http://www.csulb.edu/~d49er/spring00/news/v7n91-holiday.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Forty-Niner&rft.atitle=Holiday+has+history&rft.date=2000-03-16&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csulb.edu%2F~d49er%2Fspring00%2Fnews%2Fv7n91-holiday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monaghan2009-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monaghan2009_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monaghan2009_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaghan2009" class="citation book cs1">Monaghan, Patricia (1 January 2009). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-438-11037-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-438-11037-0"><bdi>978-1-438-11037-0</bdi></a>. <q>There is no evidence that the clover or wood sorrel (both of which are called shamrocks) were sacred to the Celts in any way. However, the Celts had a philosophical and cosmological vision of triplicity, with many of their divinities appearing in three. Thus when St Patrick, attempting to convert the Druids on Beltane, held up a shamrock and discoursed on the Christian Trinity, the three-in-one god, he was doing more than finding a homely symbol for a complex religious concept. He was indicating knowledge of the significance of three in the Celtic realm, a knowledge that probably made his mission far easier and more successful than if he had been unaware of that number's meaning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Celtic+Mythology+and+Folklore&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-438-11037-0&rft.aulast=Monaghan&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hegarty2012-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Hegarty2012_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegarty2012" class="citation book cs1">Hegarty, Neil (24 April 2012). Story of Ireland. Ebury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-448-14039-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-448-14039-8"><bdi>978-1-448-14039-8</bdi></a>. <q>In some ways, though, the Christian mission resonated: pre-Christian devotion was characterized by, for example, the worship of gods in groups of three, by sayings collected in threes (triads), and so on – from all of which the concept of the Holy Trinity was not so very far removed. Against this backdrop the myth of Patrick and his three-leafed shamrock fits quite neatly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Story+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.isbn=978-1-448-14039-8&rft.aulast=Hegarty&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoman2006" class="citation book cs1">Homan, Roger (2006). The Art of the Sublime: Principles of Christian Art and Architecture. Ashgate Publishing. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Sublime%3A+Principles+of+Christian+Art+and+Architecture&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Homan&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Santino1995-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Santino1995_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantino1995" class="citation book cs1">Santino, Jack (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allaroundyear00jack/page/80">All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life</a>. University of Illinois Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allaroundyear00jack/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06516-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06516-3"><bdi>978-0-252-06516-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Around+the+Year%3A+Holidays+and+Celebrations+in+American+Life&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-252-06516-3&rft.aulast=Santino&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallaroundyear00jack%2Fpage%2F80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch2005-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2005_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2005_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Koch, John T. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=Goídel+Glas&pg=PA830">Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. 1 A-Celti. Oxford: ABC-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-851-09440-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-851-09440-0"><bdi>978-1-851-09440-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150936/https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=Go%C3%ADdel+Glas&pg=PA830">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-851-09440-0&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26q%3DGo%C3%ADdel%2BGlas%26pg%3DPA830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacKillop2005-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacKillop2005_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacKillop2005_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackillop2005" class="citation book cs1">Mackillop, James (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HI5yXNhbebYC&pg=PT215">Myths and Legends of the Celts</a>. London: Penguin Books. pp. 145–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-01794-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-01794-5"><bdi>978-0-141-01794-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819114705/https://books.google.com/books?id=HI5yXNhbebYC&pg=PT215">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. 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Dublin: Irish Texts Society by the Educational Co. of Ireland. Retrieved 14 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebor+Gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn%3A+The+Book+of+the+Taking+of+Ireland&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Irish+Texts+Society+by+the+Educational+Co.+of+Ireland&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Macalister&rft.aufirst=Robert+Alexander+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLeborGablarennTheBookOfTheTakingOfIreland-Volume21939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Phelan, Rachel, (May/June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/volume-24/james-connollys-green-flag-ireland/">"James Connolly's ‘Green Flag of Ireland'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111175128/https://www.historyireland.com/volume-24/james-connollys-green-flag-ireland/">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/History_Ireland" title="History Ireland">History Ireland</a> Vol. 24 Issue 3, pp. 8–9. 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Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Patrick%3A+Why+Green%3F+%E2%80%93+video&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fst-patricks-day%2Fvideos%23green&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Kelly, James. That Damn'd Thing Called Honour: Duelling in Ireland, 1570–1860. Cork University Press, 1995. p.65 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> The Fundamental Laws, Statutes and Constitutions of the Ancient Order of the Friendly Brothers of Saint Patrick. 1751. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Drennan, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryireland.com/CIL/DrennanErin.php">When Ireland First Rose</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205154813/https://www.libraryireland.com/CIL/DrennanErin.php">Archived</a> 5 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. in Charles A. Reed (ed.) (1884) The Cabinet of Irish Literature. Volume 2. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via Library Ireland </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaye2020" class="citation news cs1">Maye, Brian (3 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/star-of-the-emerald-isle-an-irishman-s-diary-on-william-drennan-1.4160503">"Star of the 'Emerald Isle' – An Irishman's Diary on William Drennan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205143053/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/star-of-the-emerald-isle-an-irishman-s-diary-on-william-drennan-1.4160503">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Star+of+the+%27Emerald+Isle%27+%E2%80%93+An+Irishman%27s+Diary+on+William+Drennan&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft.aulast=Maye&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fstar-of-the-emerald-isle-an-irishman-s-diary-on-william-drennan-1.4160503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangan2017" class="citation news cs1">Langan, Sheila (13 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/how-did-ireland-come-to-be-called-the-emerald-isle">"How did Ireland come to be called the Emerald Isle? Ireland's resplendent greenery played a big part, of course, in earning it the nickname the Emerald Isle but there's more to the story"</a>. IrishCentral. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208034001/https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/how-did-ireland-come-to-be-called-the-emerald-isle">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021. 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Retrieved 5 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Erin+First+Rose%2C+Irish+poem&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fireland-calling.com%2Fwilliam-drennan-when-erin-first-rose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson2016-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson2016_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2016" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Stephen (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hV1mDwAAQBAJ&q=green+irish+post+box&pg=PT339">The Post Office in Ireland: An Illustrated History</a>. Newbridge: Co Kildare: Irish Academic Press. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781911024323" title="Special:BookSources/9781911024323"><bdi>9781911024323</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519151109/https://books.google.com/books?id=hV1mDwAAQBAJ&q=green+irish+post+box&pg=PT339">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021. 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Paint 'em green"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003532/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/interiors/design-moment-green-post-box-c1922-1.3004436">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. 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C 241. also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:41981X0919:EN:HTML">EUR-Lex - 41981X0919 - EN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401132739/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:41981X0919:EN:HTML">Archived</a> 1 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200225–26-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair200225–26_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, pp. 25–26<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5TYHqrao2PwC&pg=PA25">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Liam de Paor: St. Patrick's World, The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age. 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Jeffrey (6 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2008-03-05-stpatrick_N.htm">"St. Patrick's Day, Catholic Church march to different drummers"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310032319/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2008-03-05-stpatrick_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2008. 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Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. p. 184 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Kelly, Fiach, Wall, Martin, & Cullen, Paul (9 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/coronavirus-three-new-irish-cases-confirmed-as-st-patrick-s-day-parades-cancelled-1.4197325">Coronavirus: Three New Irish Cases Confirmed as St Patrick's Day Parades Cancelled</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200309224934/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/coronavirus-three-new-irish-cases-confirmed-as-st-patrick-s-day-parades-cancelled-1.4197325">Archived</a> 9 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/0418/782638-st-patricks-day-in-may/">St Patrick's Day In May</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191218155751/https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/0418/782638-st-patricks-day-in-may/">Archived</a> 18 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Libraries_and_Archives" title="RTÉ Libraries and Archives">RTE Archives</a>. Retrieved 9 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 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(9 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/coronavirus-dublin-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-as-belfast-council-considers-own-event-39028475.html">Coronavirus: Dublin St Patrick's Day Parade Cancelled as Belfast Council Considers Own Event.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310231347/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/coronavirus-dublin-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-as-belfast-council-considers-own-event-39028475.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a> Retrieved 9 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="/wiki/RTE_News" class="mw-redirect" title="RTE News">RTE News</a>. (9 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2020/0309/1121215-patricks-day-parades/">What is cancelled and what is going ahead on St Patrick's Day?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310211048/https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2020/0309/1121215-patricks-day-parades/">Archived</a> 10 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. RTE News. Retrieved 9 March 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> O'Loughlin, Ciara. (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/national-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-for-second-year-in-a-row-39989631.html">National St Patrick's Day parade cancelled for second year in a row</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121102022/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/national-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-for-second-year-in-a-row-39989631.html">Archived</a> 21 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. Retrieved 2 February 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a href="/wiki/RTE_News" class="mw-redirect" title="RTE News">RTE News</a>. (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/0120/1190884-st-patricks-festival/">St Patrick's Festival Dublin parade cancelled for second year</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204215509/https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/0120/1190884-st-patricks-festival/">Archived</a> 4 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> RTE News. Retrieved 2 February 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Bowers, Shauna. (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/st-patrick-s-day-parade-cancelled-for-second-year-in-a-row-due-to-covid-19-1.4463077">St Patrick's Day parade cancelled for second year in a row due to Covid-19</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123234455/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/st-patrick-s-day-parade-cancelled-for-second-year-in-a-row-due-to-covid-19-1.4463077">Archived</a> 23 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. Retrieved 2 February 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55732899">Covid-19: St Patrick's Day Dublin parade cancelled for second year</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126124022/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55732899">Archived</a> 26 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 2 February 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177_87-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177_87-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002175–177_87-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, pp. 175–177. </li> <li id="cite_note-hist-88"><a href="#cite_ref-hist_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060807060038/http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/stpatricksday/?page=history">"The History of the Holiday"</a>. The History Channel. A&E Television Networks. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/stpatricksday/?page=history">the original</a> on 7 August 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+Channel&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Holiday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historychannel.com%2Fexhibits%2Fstpatricksday%2F%3Fpage%3Dhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-festival-89"><a href="#cite_ref-festival_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312093104/http://www.stpatricksfestival.ie/index.php/about">"St. Patrick's Festival was established by the Government of Ireland in November 1995"</a>. St. Patrick's Festival. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpatricksfestival.ie/index.php/about">the original</a> on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Festival&rft.atitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Festival+was+established+by+the+Government+of+Ireland+in+November+1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpatricksfestival.ie%2Findex.php%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day-facts/videos#history-of-st-patricks-day">"St. Patrick's Day Facts Video"</a>. History.com. A&E Television Networks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908105026/http://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day-facts/videos#history-of-st-patricks-day">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Facts+Video&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fst-patricks-day-facts%2Fvideos%23history-of-st-patricks-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Heffernan, Breda. (13 February 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/st-patricks-skyfest-to-rock-at-cashel-26423012.html">St Patrick's Skyfest to Rock at Cashel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201046/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/st-patricks-skyfest-to-rock-at-cashel-26423012.html">Archived</a> 8 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wexfordpeople.ie/news/disappointment-over-skyfest-31090873.html">Disappointment over Skyfest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201212/https://www.wexfordpeople.ie/news/disappointment-over-skyfest-31090873.html">Archived</a> 8 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (24 March 2015) <a href="/wiki/Wexford_People" title="Wexford People">Wexford People</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dublin.ie/whats-on/listings/seachtain-na-gaeilge/">""Seachtain na Gaeilge", Dublin City Council"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806085346/https://dublin.ie/whats-on/listings/seachtain-na-gaeilge/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Seachtain+na+Gaeilge%22%2C+Dublin+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdublin.ie%2Fwhats-on%2Flistings%2Fseachtain-na-gaeilge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooney2007" class="citation web cs1">Cooney, John (12 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/more-piety-fewer-pints-best-way-to-celebrate-26270094.html">"More piety, fewer pints 'best way to celebrate'"</a>. The Irish Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601064951/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/more-piety-fewer-pints-best-way-to-celebrate-26270094.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=More+piety%2C+fewer+pints+%27best+way+to+celebrate%27&rft.date=2007-03-12&rft.aulast=Cooney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fmore-piety-fewer-pints-best-way-to-celebrate-26270094.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrigan2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Kerrigan, Jo (March–April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dripsey.com/page16/page15/index.html">"From Here to Here"</a>. Ireland of the Welcomes. Vol. 53, no. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021074632/http://www.dripsey.com/page16/page15/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2010 – via Dripsey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ireland+of+the+Welcomes&rft.atitle=From+Here+to+Here&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2004-03%2F2004-04&rft.aulast=Kerrigan&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dripsey.com%2Fpage16%2Fpage15%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-31927196">Duchess of Cambridge Presents St Patrick's Day Shamrocks to Irish Guards</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414052435/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-31927196">Archived</a> 14 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (17 March 2015) <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/duke-cambridge-joins-irish-guards-st-patricks-day-parade?page=14">The Duke of Cambridge Joins the Irish Guards at the St Patrick's Day Parade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201230/https://www.royal.uk/duke-cambridge-joins-irish-guards-st-patricks-day-parade?page=14">Archived</a> 8 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (17 March 2016) Royal.uk. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Palmer, Richard. (17 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/487741/William-St-Patricks-Day-Parade-Shamrock">Prince William Handed Out Shamrocks at the St Patrick's Day Parade as Kate Broke with Tradition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414044122/https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/487741/William-St-Patricks-Day-Parade-Shamrock">Archived</a> 14 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Express">Sunday Express</a> Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Rayner, Gordon ,(17 March 2015) Duchess of Cambridge hands out St Patrick's Day shamrocks to Irish Guards. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-Pages_180–183-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pages_180–183_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pages_180–183_100-1">b</a> Cronin, Mike; Adair, Daryl (2002). The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick's Day. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18004-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18004-7">978-0-415-18004-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eAuAAgAAQBAJ&dq=irish+in+uk+1960s+wearing+shamrocks+st+patricks+day&pg=PA180">pp. 180–183</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112025027/https://books.google.es/books?id=eAuAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA180&dq=irish+in+uk+1960s+wearing+shamrocks+st+patricks+day&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR0MCz0tvfAhUj8-AKHcs1D48Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=irish%20in%20uk%201960s%20wearing%20shamrocks%20st%20patricks%20day&f=false">Archived</a> 12 January 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_and_non-Irish_celebrants-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Irish_and_non-Irish_celebrants_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcbrien2009" class="citation book cs1">Mcbrien, Richard P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IuOlQJPbycwC&pg=PA135">Lives of the Saints: From Mary and St. Francis of Assisi to John XXIII and Mother Teresa</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperOne" title="HarperOne">HarperOne</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061763656" title="Special:BookSources/9780061763656"><bdi>9780061763656</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003163247/https://books.google.com/books?id=IuOlQJPbycwC&pg=PA135">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2010. <q>The most famous church in the United States is dedicated to him, St. Patrick's in New York City. St. Patrick's Day is celebrated by people of all ethnic backgrounds by the wearing of green and parades. His feast, which is on the General Roman Calendar, has been given as March 17 in liturgical calendars and martyrologies. The Church of England, the Episcopal Church in the USA, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America observe his feast on this day, and he is also commemorated on the Russian Orthodox calendar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Saints%3A+From+Mary+and+St.+Francis+of+Assisi+to+John+XXIII+and+Mother+Teresa&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780061763656&rft.aulast=Mcbrien&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIuOlQJPbycwC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722084529/http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/standard/default.asp?txtKeywords=parade&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&originator=%2Fengine%2Fsearch%2Fdefault_hndlr.asp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=24&text=0&resource=503">"Brigitte Winsor: Photographs of the St Patrick's Day Parade"</a>. Connecting Histories. 12 March 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/standard/default.asp?txtKeywords=parade&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&originator=%2Fengine%2Fsearch%2Fdefault%5Fhndlr%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=24&text=0&resource=503">the original</a> on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Connecting+Histories&rft.atitle=Brigitte+Winsor%3A+Photographs+of+the+St+Patrick%27s+Day+Parade&rft.date=2006-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.search.connectinghistories.org.uk%2Fengine%2Fresource%2Fexhibition%2Fstandard%2Fdefault.asp%3FtxtKeywords%3Dparade%26lstContext%3D%26lstResourceType%3D%26lstExhibitionType%3D%26chkPurchaseVisible%3D%26txtDateFrom%3D%26txtDateTo%3D%26originator%3D%252Fengine%252Fsearch%252Fdefault%255Fhndlr%252Easp%26page%3D%26records%3D%26direction%3D%26pointer%3D24%26text%3D0%26resource%3D503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2009/02/17/st_patricks_2009_feature.shtml">"St. Patrick's Parade 2009"</a>. BBC Birmingham. 18 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152850/http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2009/02/17/st_patricks_2009_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Birmingham&rft.atitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Parade+2009&rft.date=2009-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbirmingham%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2009%2F02%2F17%2Fst_patricks_2009_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merseyreporter.com/history/historic/irish-immigration.shtml">"Irish Immigration to and from Liverpool (UK)"</a>. Mersey Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208140727/http://www.merseyreporter.com/history/historic/irish-immigration.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mersey+Reporter&rft.atitle=Irish+Immigration+to+and+from+Liverpool+%28UK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseyreporter.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric%2Firish-immigration.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk/">"Manchester Irish Festival"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221081149/http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manchester+Irish+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maltaindependent2018-03-18-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maltaindependent2018-03-18_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-maltaindependent2018-03-18_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicallef2018" class="citation news cs1">Micallef, Roberta (18 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-18/local-news/St-Patrick-s-Day-in-Malta-how-it-started-and-where-it-s-going-6736186439">"St Patrick's Day in Malta – how it started, and where it's going"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Malta_Independent" title="The Malta Independent">The Malta Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180318121643/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-18/local-news/St-Patrick-s-Day-in-Malta-how-it-started-and-where-it-s-going-6736186439">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malta+Independent&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+Malta+%E2%80%93+how+it+started%2C+and+where+it%27s+going&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft.aulast=Micallef&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.com.mt%2Farticles%2F2018-03-18%2Flocal-news%2FSt-Patrick-s-Day-in-Malta-how-it-started-and-where-it-s-going-6736186439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzzopardi2018" class="citation news cs1">Azzopardi, Karl (17 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/85371/thousands_take_to_the_street_of_st_julians_for_st_patricks_day_celebrations_">"Thousands take to the street of St Julian's for St Patrick's Day celebrations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malta_Today" title="Malta Today">Malta Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317221548/https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/85371/thousands_take_to_the_street_of_st_julians_for_st_patricks_day_celebrations_">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malta+Today&rft.atitle=Thousands+take+to+the+street+of+St+Julian%27s+for+St+Patrick%27s+Day+celebrations&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Azzopardi&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maltatoday.com.mt%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F85371%2Fthousands_take_to_the_street_of_st_julians_for_st_patricks_day_celebrations_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150315/local/malta-celebrates-st-patricks-day.560045">"Malta celebrates St Patrick's Day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Malta" title="Times of Malta">Times of Malta</a>. 15 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421042447/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150315/local/malta-celebrates-st-patricks-day.560045">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Malta+celebrates+St+Patrick%27s+Day&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2F20150315%2Flocal%2Fmalta-celebrates-st-patricks-day.560045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrech_Urpani2018" class="citation news cs1">Grech Urpani, David (8 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lovinmalta.com/sponsored/sponsored-announcement/finally-a-fresh-take-on-st-patricks-day-celebrations-is-coming-to-malta">"Finally: A Fresh Take On St. Patrick's Day Celebrations Is Coming To Malta"</a>. Lovin Malta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316004114/https://lovinmalta.com/sponsored/sponsored-announcement/finally-a-fresh-take-on-st-patricks-day-celebrations-is-coming-to-malta">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lovin+Malta&rft.atitle=Finally%3A+A+Fresh+Take+On+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Celebrations+Is+Coming+To+Malta&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Grech+Urpani&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flovinmalta.com%2Fsponsored%2Fsponsored-announcement%2Ffinally-a-fresh-take-on-st-patricks-day-celebrations-is-coming-to-malta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicallef2018" class="citation news cs1">Micallef, Roberta (17 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-17/local-news/More-than-20-000-people-expected-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-Day-in-Paceville-6736186410">"More than 20,000 people expected to celebrate St Patrick's Day in St Julian's"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Malta_Independent" title="The Malta Independent">The Malta Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317113614/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-17/local-news/More-than-20-000-people-expected-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-Day-in-Paceville-6736186410">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malta+Independent&rft.atitle=More+than+20%2C000+people+expected+to+celebrate+St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+St+Julian%27s&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Micallef&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.com.mt%2Farticles%2F2018-03-17%2Flocal-news%2FMore-than-20-000-people-expected-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-Day-in-Paceville-6736186410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-17/local-news/Thousands-flock-to-St-Julian-s-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-feast-6736186436">"Thousands flock to St Julian's to celebrate St Patrick's feast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Malta_Independent" title="The Malta Independent">The Malta Independent</a>. 17 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317210613/http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2018-03-17/local-news/Thousands-flock-to-St-Julian-s-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-feast-6736186436">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malta+Independent&rft.atitle=Thousands+flock+to+St+Julian%27s+to+celebrate+St+Patrick%27s+feast&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.com.mt%2Farticles%2F2018-03-17%2Flocal-news%2FThousands-flock-to-St-Julian-s-to-celebrate-St-Patrick-s-feast-6736186436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishsociety.no/st-patricks-day/">"Oslo Parade History"</a>. 18 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151159/http://www.irishsociety.no/st-patricks-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+Parade+History&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishsociety.no%2Fst-patricks-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417183918/http://www.stpatrick.ru/russian/index.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Москва. День Св. Патрика</bdi></a> [Moscow. St. Patrick's Day] (in Russian). Русское Кельтское Общество [Russian Celtic Society]. 1999–2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpatrick.ru/russian/index.htm">the original</a> on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0.+%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%5BRussian+Celtic+Society%5D&rft.date=1999%2F2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpatrick.ru%2Frussian%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen2013" class="citation web cs1">Andersen, Erin (17 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518183700/http://journalstar.com/entertainment/misc/st-patty-s-day-not-just-green-beer-but-some/article_1a91449b-3666-5363-a249-7d5378ddd713.html">"St. Patty's Day: Not just green beer – but some of that, too"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Journal_Star" title="Lincoln Journal Star">Lincoln Journal Star</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalstar.com/entertainment/misc/st-patty-s-day-not-just-green-beer-but-some/article_1a91449b-3666-5363-a249-7d5378ddd713.html">the original</a> on 18 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lincoln+Journal+Star&rft.atitle=St.+Patty%27s+Day%3A+Not+just+green+beer+%E2%80%93+but+some+of+that%2C+too&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournalstar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmisc%2Fst-patty-s-day-not-just-green-beer-but-some%2Farticle_1a91449b-3666-5363-a249-7d5378ddd713.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuddihy2014" class="citation web cs1">Cuddihy, Grace (18 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/arts_n_ideas/article/muscovites-turn-green-for-irish-week/496349.html">"Muscovites Turn Green For Irish Week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318214431/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/arts_n_ideas/article/muscovites-turn-green-for-irish-week/496349.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Muscovites+Turn+Green+For+Irish+Week&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft.aulast=Cuddihy&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Farts_n_ideas%2Farticle%2Fmuscovites-turn-green-for-irish-week%2F496349.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4829992.html">"В месяцеслов Русской Православной Церкви включены имена древних святых, подвизавшихся в западных странах"</a> [Ancient saints who worked in Western countries have been added to the menologium of the Russian Orthodox Church]. Patriarchia.ru (in Russian). 9 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310173023/http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4829992.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patriarchia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patriarchia.ru%2Fdb%2Ftext%2F4829992.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarajevo.travel/en/things-to-do/sarajevo-irish-festival/795">"Sarajevo Irish Festival"</a>. Sarajevo Travel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405153005/https://sarajevo.travel/en/things-to-do/sarajevo-irish-festival/795">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarajevo+Irish+Festival&rft.pub=Sarajevo+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarajevo.travel%2Fen%2Fthings-to-do%2Fsarajevo-irish-festival%2F795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpatricksfestival.ie/events/int-event/sarajevo_irish_festival_20171">"Sarajevo Irish Festival"</a>. stpatricksfestival.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405153029/http://www.stpatricksfestival.ie/events/int-event/sarajevo_irish_festival_20171">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarajevo+Irish+Festival&rft.pub=stpatricksfestival.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpatricksfestival.ie%2Fevents%2Fint-event%2Fsarajevo_irish_festival_20171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klix.ba/magazin/pripremljen-bogat-program-za-ovogodisnji-sarajevo-irish-festival/170307062">"Pripremljen bogat program za ovogodišnji Sarajevo Irish Festival"</a>. klix.ba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210325020037/https://www.klix.ba/magazin/pripremljen-bogat-program-za-ovogodisnji-sarajevo-irish-festival/170307062">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proposition317.com/Gateway.aspx">the original</a> on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guinness&rft.pub=Proposition+3%E2%80%9317&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.proposition317.com%2FGateway.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevan2009" class="citation web cs1">Bevan, Alexis (11 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090330025307/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/Calgary%2BTower%2Bgets%2Bfull%2Bgreen%2Bbulb%2Btreatment/1378992/story.html">"Calgary Tower gets full green bulb treatment"</a>. Calgary Herald. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calgaryherald.com/news/Calgary+Tower+gets+full+green+bulb+treatment/1378992/story.html">the original</a> on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Calgary+Tower+gets+full+green+bulb+treatment&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.aulast=Bevan&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalgaryherald.com%2Fnews%2FCalgary%2BTower%2Bgets%2Bfull%2Bgreen%2Bbulb%2Btreatment%2F1378992%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickel2023" class="citation web cs1">Pickel, Jeff (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/will-fences-stop-ezra-ave-partiers-on-st-patrick-s-day-1.6314878">"Will fences stop Ezra Ave. partiers on St. Patrick's Day?"</a>. CTV News Kitchener.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News+Kitchener&rft.atitle=Will+fences+stop+Ezra+Ave.+partiers+on+St.+Patrick%27s+Day%3F&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Pickel&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkitchener.ctvnews.ca%2Fwill-fences-stop-ezra-ave-partiers-on-st-patrick-s-day-1.6314878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2016" class="citation news cs1">Holmes, Evelyn (12 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc7chicago.com/news/crowds-gather-for-st-patricks-day-celebrations-downtown/1242900/">"Crowds gather for St. Patrick's Day celebrations downtown"</a>. Abc7 Chicago. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313110314/http://abc7chicago.com/news/crowds-gather-for-st-patricks-day-celebrations-downtown/1242900/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016. <q>Large crowds gathered for Saturday's St. Patrick's Day festivities downtown. Although St. Patrick's Day is actually on a Thursday this year, Chicago will be marking the day all weekend long. Some started the day at Mass at Old St. Patrick's Church in the city's West Loop neighborhood. Spectators gathered along the riverfront in the Loop for the annual dyeing of the Chicago River, which began at 9 am</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abc7+Chicago&rft.atitle=Crowds+gather+for+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+celebrations+downtown&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabc7chicago.com%2Fnews%2Fcrowds-gather-for-st-patricks-day-celebrations-downtown%2F1242900%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://totallystaugustine.com/first-u-s-st-patricks-celebration-held-in-st-augustine-florida-in-1600/">"First U.S. St. Patrick's celebration held in St. Augustine, Florida in 1600"</a>. 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(2 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/president-reagans-bowl-of-shamrock-and-the-1500-year-wake-437296.html">President Reagan's Bowl of Shamrock and the 1,500-Year Wake</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110014343/https://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/analysis/president-reagans-bowl-of-shamrock-and-the-1500-year-wake-437296.html">Archived</a> 10 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Dwyer, Ryle. 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Retrieved 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imagine+Mexico&rft.atitle=Mexico+Honors+Irish+Soldiers+On+St.+Patrick%27s+Day-The+%22San+Patricios%22&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.aulast=Talley&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimagine-mexico.com%2Fmexico-honors-irish-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727025139/http://sanpatricio2009.com.ar/index.htm">"Saint Patrick's Day in Argentina"</a>. Sanpatricio2009.com.ar. 17 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanpatricio2009.com.ar/index.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013. 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Retrieved 17 March 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/03/18/laciudad/h-06401.htm">"San Patricio convocó a una multitud"</a>. Clarin.com. 18 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025034202/http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/03/18/laciudad/h-06401.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Patricio+convoc%C3%B3+a+una+multitud&rft.pub=Clarin.com&rft.date=2006-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fdiario%2F2006%2F03%2F18%2Flaciudad%2Fh-06401.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNally1992" class="citation journal cs1">Nally, Pat (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/magazine/articles/uhf_argentina1.htm">"Los Irlandeses en la Argentina"</a>. Familia, Journal of the Ulster Historical Foundation. 2 (8). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514232404/http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/magazine/articles/uhf_argentina1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Familia%2C+Journal+of+the+Ulster+Historical+Foundation&rft.atitle=Los+Irlandeses+en+la+Argentina&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Nally&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fancestor%2Fmagazine%2Farticles%2Fuhf_argentina1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergus1996" class="citation book cs1">Fergus, Howard A. 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Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+parade+patron+honoured+at+Brisbane+festivities&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fnational%2Fqueensland%2Fst-patrick-s-day-parade-patron-honoured-at-brisbane-festivities-20190316-p514rq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIannella2017" class="citation news cs1">Iannella, Antimo (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/st-patricks-day-takes-to-adelaide-oval-for-the-first-time-since-1967-with-celebrations-at-southern-end-of-stadium/news-story/1882121362c680f649067884e7141dfe">"St Patrick's Day takes to Adelaide Oval for the first time since 1967, with celebrations at southern end of stadium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910202046/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/st-patricks-day-takes-to-adelaide-oval-for-the-first-time-since-1967-with-celebrations-at-southern-end-of-stadium/news-story/1882121362c680f649067884e7141dfe">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advertiser&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+takes+to+Adelaide+Oval+for+the+first+time+since+1967%2C+with+celebrations+at+southern+end+of+stadium&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.aulast=Iannella&rft.aufirst=Antimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsouth-australia%2Fst-patricks-day-takes-to-adelaide-oval-for-the-first-time-since-1967-with-celebrations-at-southern-end-of-stadium%2Fnews-story%2F1882121362c680f649067884e7141dfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozina2018" class="citation news cs1">Kozina, Teigan (16 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/saint-patricks-day-2018-where-to-celebrate-in-melbourne/news-story/26d3bf2bacfd0ddd3ae48023b0db9263">"2019 Saint Patrick's Day 2018: Where to celebrate in Melbourne"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426111709/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/saint-patricks-day-2018-where-to-celebrate-in-melbourne/news-story/26d3bf2bacfd0ddd3ae48023b0db9263">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=2019+Saint+Patrick%27s+Day+2018%3A+Where+to+celebrate+in+Melbourne&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Kozina&rft.aufirst=Teigan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsaint-patricks-day-2018-where-to-celebrate-in-melbourne%2Fnews-story%2F26d3bf2bacfd0ddd3ae48023b0db9263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolroyd2006" class="citation news cs1">Holroyd, Jane (17 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/irish-see-green-over-grand-prix-20070317-ge4fyk.html">"Irish see green over Grand Prix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206161335/https://www.theage.com.au/national/irish-see-green-over-grand-prix-20070317-ge4fyk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Irish+see+green+over+Grand+Prix&rft.date=2006-03-17&rft.aulast=Holroyd&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Firish-see-green-over-grand-prix-20070317-ge4fyk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2016" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Damien (6 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/why-there-will-be-no-st-patricks-day-rising-20160204-gmlydi.html">"Why there will be no St Patrick's Day Rising: Burden of debt on the centenary of the Easter Rising forces cancellation of St Patrick's Day parade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212004753/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/why-there-will-be-no-st-patricks-day-rising-20160204-gmlydi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Why+there+will+be+no+St+Patrick%27s+Day+Rising%3A+Burden+of+debt+on+the+centenary+of+the+Easter+Rising+forces+cancellation+of+St+Patrick%27s+Day+parade.&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fnsw%2Fwhy-there-will-be-no-st-patricks-day-rising-20160204-gmlydi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2016" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Damien (16 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/irish-eyes-not-smiling-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-in-sydney-20160316-gnk86u.html">"Irish eyes not smiling: St Patrick's Day parade cancelled in Sydney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209051232/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/irish-eyes-not-smiling-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-in-sydney-20160316-gnk86u.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Irish+eyes+not+smiling%3A+St+Patrick%27s+Day+parade+cancelled+in+Sydney&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fnsw%2Firish-eyes-not-smiling-st-patricks-day-parade-cancelled-in-sydney-20160316-gnk86u.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrockford2018" class="citation news cs1">Crockford, Toby (17 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/grand-parade-to-be-sure-when-st-patrick-s-day-falls-on-a-saturday-20180317-p4z4v0.html">"Grand parade to be sure, when St Patrick's Day falls on a Saturday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Times" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031629/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/grand-parade-to-be-sure-when-st-patrick-s-day-falls-on-a-saturday-20180317-p4z4v0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Grand+parade+to+be+sure%2C+when+St+Patrick%27s+Day+falls+on+a+Saturday&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Crockford&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fnational%2Fqueensland%2Fgrand-parade-to-be-sure-when-st-patrick-s-day-falls-on-a-saturday-20180317-p4z4v0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayt2020" class="citation news cs1">Layt, Stuart (10 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/coronavirus-fears-won-t-rain-on-brisbane-st-patrick-s-day-parade-20200310-p548qo.html">"Coronavirus fears won't rain on Brisbane St Patrick's Day parade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Times" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311155325/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/coronavirus-fears-won-t-rain-on-brisbane-st-patrick-s-day-parade-20200310-p548qo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+fears+won%27t+rain+on+Brisbane+St+Patrick%27s+Day+parade&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft.aulast=Layt&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fnational%2Fqueensland%2Fcoronavirus-fears-won-t-rain-on-brisbane-st-patrick-s-day-parade-20200310-p548qo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Farrell-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Farrell_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Farrell_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Farrell_164-2">c</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Farrell" title="Patrick O'Farrell">O'Farrell, Patrick</a>. (1995). St Patrick's Day in Australia: The John Alexander Ferguson Lecture 1994. Journal of Royal Historical Society 81(1) 1-16. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> The Sydney Morning Herald (18 March 1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28355652">St Patrick's Day Celebrations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150719/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/28355652">Archived</a> 19 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. p5. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> The Adelaide Chronicle (25 Mar 1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87241295/8616594">St. Patrick's Day in Adelaide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150800/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87241295/8616594">Archived</a> 19 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Adelaide_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adelaide Chronicle">The Adelaide Chronicle</a> <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. p25. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> The Southern Cross. (20 February 1931). St. Patrick's Day: The Adelaide Celebration: Meeting of the Committee. <a href="/wiki/The_Southern_Cross_(South_Australia)" title="The Southern Cross (South Australia)">The Southern Cross</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. p7. 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Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Divided+Melbourne%3A+When+Archbishop+turned+St+Patrick%27s+Day+into+Propaganda&rft.date=2016-04-02&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2Fpostcolonial-blog%2F2016%2Fapr%2F22%2Fdivided-melbourne-when-the-archbishop-turned-st-patricks-day-into-propaganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Sullivan, Tim. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.htav.asn.au/documents/item/3390">An Illusion of Unity: Irish Australia, the Great War and the 1920 St Patrick's Day Parade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206020126/https://www.htav.asn.au/documents/item/3390">Archived</a> 6 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Agora 55(1). 24–31 </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> Fitzgerald, Ellen (21 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/in-the-herald-march-21-1921-20190313-p513tl.html">In the Herald : 21 March 1921: Union Jack forced on St Patrick's Day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210001805/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/in-the-herald-march-21-1921-20190313-p513tl.html">Archived</a> 10 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Warwick Daily News (21 March 1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177270639?searchTerm=Patrick%20Phelan%20Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day">St Patrick's Day: Scenes in Melbourne: Union Jack Hooted: Speech by Bishop Phelan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Daily_News" title="Warwick Daily News">Warwick Daily News</a> <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. p5. Retrieved 2 February 2021 via National Library of Australia </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> The Argus. (22 March 1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1741365?searchTerm=Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day">Attack on Union Jack: St Patrick's Day Incident: Two Men Before the Court.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207181041/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1741365?searchTerm=Union%20Jack%20forced%20on%20St%20Patrick%E2%80%99s%20Day">Archived</a> 7 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Melbourne)" title="The Argus (Melbourne)">The Argus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>. p7. 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/page-3">Public holidays - Celebrating communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207085104/https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/page-3">Archived</a> 7 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara_-_the_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>, Retrieved 2 February 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> Swarbrick, Nancy. (2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/print">Public holidays</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206081203/https://teara.govt.nz/en/public-holidays/print">Archived</a> 6 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara_-_the_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>, Retrieved 2 February 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaly2020" class="citation news cs1">Daly, Michael (20 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/121569002/how-do-we-get-public-holidays-government-considering-an-extra-long-weekend">"How do we get public holidays? Government considering an extra long weekend"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206123935/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/121569002/how-do-we-get-public-holidays-government-considering-an-extra-long-weekend">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=How+do+we+get+public+holidays%3F+Government+considering+an+extra+long+weekend&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F121569002%2Fhow-do-we-get-public-holidays-government-considering-an-extra-long-weekend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bueltmann-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bueltmann_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bueltmann_177-1">b</a> Bueltmann, Tanja. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=opjuVKk-HEoC&dq=The+New+Zealand+Herald+st+patrick%27s+day+public+holiday&pg=PA105">Remembering the Homeland: St Patrick's Day Celebrations in New Zealand to 1910</a> in Oona Frawley (ed.) (2012). Memory Ireland: Diaspora and Memory Practices Vol.2 Syracuse University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815651710" title="Special:BookSources/9780815651710">9780815651710</a> pp101-113. Retrieved 2 February 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZ_Herald2018" class="citation news cs1">NZ Herald (17 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/st-patricks-day-celebrations-underway-in-auckland/ZASJXHLEBLWJT2YAQOAXZNK2UA/">"St Patrick's Day celebrations underway in Auckland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207051529/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/st-patricks-day-celebrations-underway-in-auckland/ZASJXHLEBLWJT2YAQOAXZNK2UA/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+celebrations+underway+in+Auckland&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.au=NZ+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fst-patricks-day-celebrations-underway-in-auckland%2FZASJXHLEBLWJT2YAQOAXZNK2UA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2017" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullivan, Aisling (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/90440256/best-places-to-celebrate-st-patricks-day-in-new-zealand-and-around-the-world">"Best places to celebrate St Patrick's Day in New Zealand and around the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508044805/https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/90440256/best-places-to-celebrate-st-patricks-day-in-new-zealand-and-around-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Best+places+to+celebrate+St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+New+Zealand+and+around+the+world&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Aisling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fnz%2F90440256%2Fbest-places-to-celebrate-st-patricks-day-in-new-zealand-and-around-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-url2013_St_Patricks_Day_Parades_in_Japan-180"><a href="#cite_ref-url2013_St_Patricks_Day_Parades_in_Japan_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508140202/http://st-patricks-day.com/st_patricks_day_parades_asia_japan.html">"Saint Patrick's Day Parades & Events in Japan"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iak.co.kr/event/event.php">the original</a> on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Patrick%27s+Day+in+Korea+Event+Page&rft.pub=Irish+Association+of+Korea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iak.co.kr%2Fevent%2Fevent.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undof.unmissions.org/st-patrick%E2%80%99s-day-2021-undof">"ST PATRICK'S DAY 2021 IN UNDOF"</a>. undof.unmissions.org. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 22 March 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=undof.unmissions.org&rft.atitle=ST+PATRICK%27S+DAY+2021+IN+UNDOF&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundof.unmissions.org%2Fst-patrick%25E2%2580%2599s-day-2021-undof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2011" class="citation web cs1">Malik, Tariq (17 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/11159-irish-astronaut-stpatricks-day-flute-music.html">"Irish Astronaut in Space Gives St. Patrick's Day Musical Flair"</a>. Space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601065208/https://www.space.com/11159-irish-astronaut-stpatricks-day-flute-music.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Irish+Astronaut+in+Space+Gives+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Musical+Flair&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F11159-irish-astronaut-stpatricks-day-flute-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX-5n_YcxgQ">"St. Patrick's Day Greeting From Space"</a>. NASA TV video. 17 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601065219/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX-5n_YcxgQ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Greeting+From+Space&rft.pub=NASA+TV+video&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvX-5n_YcxgQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2010" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Diarmaid (15 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/molloy-s-flute-to-help-irish-music-breach-the-final-frontier-1.687275">"Molloy's flute to help Irish music breach the final frontier"</a>. Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601065247/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/molloy-s-flute-to-help-irish-music-breach-the-final-frontier-1.687275">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Molloy%27s+flute+to+help+Irish+music+breach+the+final+frontier&rft.date=2010-12-15&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fmolloy-s-flute-to-help-irish-music-breach-the-final-frontier-1.687275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2012" class="citation web cs1">Boyd, Brian (10 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2.659/chieftains-call-up-to-an-army-of-indie-admirers-1.479104">"Chieftains' call-up to an army of indie admirers"</a>. Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601071548/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/2.659/chieftains-call-up-to-an-army-of-indie-admirers-1.479104">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Chieftains%27+call-up+to+an+army+of+indie+admirers&rft.date=2012-03-10&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F2.659%2Fchieftains-call-up-to-an-army-of-indie-admirers-1.479104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreevy2013" class="citation news cs1">McGreevy, Ronan (17 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/out-of-this-world-rendition-of-danny-boy-marks-st-patrick-s-day-in-space-1.1328923">"Out of this world rendition of Danny Boy marks St Patrick's Day in space"</a>. The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317213530/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/out-of-this-world-rendition-of-danny-boy-marks-st-patrick-s-day-in-space-1.1328923">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Out+of+this+world+rendition+of+Danny+Boy+marks+St+Patrick%27s+Day+in+space&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft.aulast=McGreevy&rft.aufirst=Ronan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fout-of-this-world-rendition-of-danny-boy-marks-st-patrick-s-day-in-space-1.1328923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F83635601">"Astronaut Chris Hadfield singing "Danny Boy" on the International Space Station"</a>. Soundcloud. 17 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318233806/https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F83635601">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soundcloud&rft.atitle=Astronaut+Chris+Hadfield+singing+%22Danny+Boy%22+on+the+International+Space+Station&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw.soundcloud.com%2Fplayer%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fapi.soundcloud.com%252Ftracks%252F83635601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240_189-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroninAdair2002240_189-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroninAdair2002">Cronin & Adair (2002)</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeredith2013" class="citation news cs1">Meredith, Fionola (21 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/columnists/fionola-meredith/time-to-banish-perpetually-offended-elements-in-society-29142031.html">"Time to banish perpetually offended elements in society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Telegraph" title="Belfast Telegraph">Belfast Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312072118/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/columnists/fionola-meredith/time-to-banish-perpetually-offended-elements-in-society-29142031.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Time+to+banish+perpetually+offended+elements+in+society&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Fionola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Ffionola-meredith%2Ftime-to-banish-perpetually-offended-elements-in-society-29142031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlannery2012" class="citation news cs1">Flannery, James (17 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/st-patrick-s-day-celebrates-the-role-of-all-us-migrants-1.483637">"St Patrick's Day celebrates the role of all US migrants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312062023/http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/st-patrick-s-day-celebrates-the-role-of-all-us-migrants-1.483637">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=St+Patrick%27s+Day+celebrates+the+role+of+all+US+migrants&rft.date=2012-03-17&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fst-patrick-s-day-celebrates-the-role-of-all-us-migrants-1.483637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/12003/irish-american-catholics-negotiate-st-patricks-day-and-holy-week-conflict">"Irish-American Catholics negotiate St. Patrick's Day and Holy Week conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_News_Agency" title="Catholic News Agency">Catholic News Agency</a>. 7 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312065341/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/irishamerican_catholics_negotiate_st._patricks_day_and_holy_week_conflict">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Irish-American+Catholics+negotiate+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+and+Holy+Week+conflict&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F12003%2Firish-american-catholics-negotiate-st-patricks-day-and-holy-week-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Dowd2012" class="citation web cs1">O'Dowd, Niall (18 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/niallodowd/please-lets-keep-political-correctness-out-of-saint-patricks-day--pressure-mounts-to-make-it-about-more-than-just-the-irish-in-america-143292966-238125081.html">"Please, let's keep political correctness out of Saint Patrick's Day"</a>. IrishCentral. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312064109/http://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/niallodowd/please-lets-keep-political-correctness-out-of-saint-patricks-day--pressure-mounts-to-make-it-about-more-than-just-the-irish-in-america-143292966-238125081.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016. 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Retrieved 17 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gay+Groups+to+March+in+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Parade+as+Ban+Falls&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.aulast=Santora&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F04%2Fnyregion%2Fnew-york-st-patricks-day-parade-organizers-lift-ban-on-gay-groups.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2014" class="citation news cs1">Fitzgerald, Jim (3 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324104033/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20140903/us--nyc-st-patrick-s-day-parade-gays/">"Gays Scoff at NY St. Patrick's Day Parade Decision"</a>. 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Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910193051/https://time.com/3745215/gay-groups-boston-st-patricks-parade/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Boston+Sees+Historic+St.+Patrick%27s+Day+Parade&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=Worland&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3745215%2Fgay-groups-boston-st-patricks-parade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/stpatrick/64867.stm">"The day the world turns green"</a>. BBC News. 17 March 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040705083914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/stpatrick/64867.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2004. Retrieved 17 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+day+the+world+turns+green&rft.date=1998-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1998%2F03%2F98%2Fstpatrick%2F64867.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Carey, Tom. (10 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-union/2018/03/10/ireland-vs-scotland-six-nations-2018-live-score-updates/">Ireland will chase a Grand Slam at Twickenham on St Patrick's Day after claiming Six Nations title in Dublin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108200912/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-union/2018/03/10/ireland-vs-scotland-six-nations-2018-live-score-updates/">Archived</a> 8 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. Retrieved on 8 January 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Tevlin, Rory (17 March 2018)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/sport/rugby/six-nations/on-st-patricks-day-and-after-cheltenham-this-is-the-icing-on-the-cake-ireland-rugby-fans-paint-london-green-36714831.html">'On St Patrick's Day and After Cheltenham – This is the Icing on the Cake' – Ireland Rugby Fans Paint London Green</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109011747/https://www.independent.ie/sport/rugby/six-nations/on-st-patricks-day-and-after-cheltenham-this-is-the-icing-on-the-cake-ireland-rugby-fans-paint-london-green-36714831.html">Archived</a> 9 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent.ie" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.ie">Independent.ie</a>. 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(17 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/international/six-nations-2018-ireland-beat-england-grand-slam-2415-match-report-video-a8261221.html">Six Nations: Ireland Complete the Third Grand Slam in Their History with 24–15 Victory Over England</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330083426/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/international/six-nations-2018-ireland-beat-england-grand-slam-2415-match-report-video-a8261221.html">Archived</a> 30 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2010" class="citation web cs1">Lowe, Brian (9 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110718010215/http://www.wearerugby.com/news/articles/tomahawks-host-ireland">"Tomahawks To Host Ireland"</a>. We Are Rugby. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=We+Are+Rugby&rft.atitle=Tomahawks+To+Host+Ireland&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wearerugby.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Ftomahawks-host-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChere,_Rich2015" class="citation news cs1">Chere, Rich (16 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/devils/index.ssf/2015/03/how_do_the_devils_feel_about_wearing_the_green_and.html">"How do the Devils feel about wearing the green and red retro jerseys?"</a>. NJ.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803223803/http://www.nj.com/devils/index.ssf/2015/03/how_do_the_devils_feel_about_wearing_the_green_and.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NJ.com&rft.atitle=How+do+the+Devils+feel+about+wearing+the+green+and+red+retro+jerseys%3F&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft.au=Chere%2C+Rich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fdevils%2Findex.ssf%2F2015%2F03%2Fhow_do_the_devils_feel_about_wearing_the_green_and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroninAdair2002" class="citation book cs1">Cronin, Mike; Adair, Daryl (2002). The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick's Day. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18004-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18004-7"><bdi>978-0-415-18004-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wearing+of+the+Green%3A+A+History+of+St.+Patrick%27s+Day&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18004-7&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Adair%2C+Daryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Patrick%27s+Day" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/17/st-patricks-day-history-m_n_502386.html">Saint Patrick's Day History</a> – slideshow by <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland">Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Saint Brigid's Day</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Holiday" title="June Holiday">June Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Holiday" title="August Holiday">August Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Holiday" title="October Holiday">October Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Heroes Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Eve of Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Feast of Epiphany / Feast of Theophany</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Korematsu_Day" title="Fred Korematsu Day">Fred Korematsu Day</a> (AZ, CA, FL, HI, VA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Human_Rights_Day" title="Idaho Human Rights Day">Idaho Human Rights Day</a> (ID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">Inauguration Day</a> (federal quadrennial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Day" title="Kansas Day">Kansas Day</a> (KS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti / Pongal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial_Day" title="Stephen Foster Memorial Day">Stephen Foster Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_(United_States)" title="The Eighth (United States)">The Eighth</a> (LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religion_Day" title="World Religion Day">World Religion Day</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January–February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_Sunday" title="Super Bowl Sunday">Super Bowl Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Month" title="American Heart Month">American Heart Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Luis Muñoz Marín">Birthday of Luis Muñoz Marín</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Day" title="Darwin Day">Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day</a> (CA, DE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Remembrance_(Japanese_Americans)" title="Day of Remembrance (Japanese Americans)">Day of Remembrance</a> (CA, OR, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Day" title="Georgia Day">Georgia Day</a> (GA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Lincoln's Birthday</a> (CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Girls_and_Women_in_Sports_Day" title="National Girls and Women in Sports Day">National Girls and Women in Sports Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Freedom_Day" title="National Freedom Day">National Freedom Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana_Day" title="Parinirvana Day">Nirvana Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Day" title="Ronald Reagan Day">Ronald Reagan Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (CA, MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saviours%27_Day" title="Saviours' Day">Saviours' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a> (CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_BiShvat" title="Tu BiShvat">Tu B’shvat</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February–March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courir_de_Mardi_Gras" title="Courir de Mardi Gras">Courir de Mardi Gras</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayy%C3%A1m-i-H%C3%A1" title="Ayyám-i-Há">Intercalary Days</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Mahashivaratri</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March <a href="/wiki/Irish-American_Heritage_Month" title="Irish-American Heritage Month">Irish-American Heritage Month</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Colon_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Colon Cancer Awareness Month">Colon Cancer Awareness Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month" title="Women's History Month">Women's History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Patrick's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">Spring break</a> (week)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski_Day" title="Casimir Pulaski Day">Casimir Pulaski Day</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_Day" title="Cesar Chavez Day">Cesar Chavez Day</a> (CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#Puerto_Rico" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico</a> (PR, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Day" title="Harriet Tubman Day">Harriet Tubman Day</a> (NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj#Modern_Muslim_observance" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Lailat al-Mi'raj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_and_Freedom_Day" title="Liberation and Freedom Day">Liberation and Freedom Day</a> (Charlottesville, VA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras_in_the_United_States" title="Mardi Gras in the United States">Mardi Gras</a> (AL (in two counties), LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Day" title="Maryland Day">Maryland Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_Day" title="Medal of Honor Day">Medal of Honor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poison_Prevention_Week" title="National Poison Prevention Week">National Poison Prevention Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Day" title="Pi Day">Pi Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_K%C5%ABhi%C5%8D_Day" title="Prince Kūhiō Day">Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward%27s_Day" title="Seward's Day">Seward's Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Independence_Day" title="Texas Independence Day">Texas Independence Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting#Vermont" title="Town meeting">Town Meeting Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Day" title="Transfer Day">Transfer Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Trans Day of Visibility</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March–April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> (religious)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> (CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Jayanti" title="Hanuman Jayanti">Hanuman Jayanti</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> (PR, religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak" title="Mahavir Janma Kalyanak">Mahavir Janma Kalyanak</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday / Bright Monday</a> (VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Ramnavami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April <a href="/wiki/National_Arab_American_Heritage_Month" title="National Arab American Heritage Month">Arab American Heritage Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Diego" title="José de Diego">Birthday of José de Diego</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a> (AL, MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Remembrance_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust" title="Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust">Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Thomas Jefferson's Birthday</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lag_BaOmer" title="Lag BaOmer">Lag B’Omer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Last Friday of Great Lent</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascua_Florida" title="Pascua Florida">Pascua Florida</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a> (MA, ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridv%C3%A1n" title="Ridván">Ridván</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Day" title="San Jacinto Day">San Jacinto Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Yom Ha'atzmaut</a> (cultural, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May <a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Heritage_Month" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month">Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_Heritage_Month" title="Jewish American Heritage Month">Jewish American Heritage Month</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Military_Appreciation_Month" title="National Military Appreciation Month">Military Appreciation Month</a> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_de_Mayo" title="Cinco de Mayo">Cinco de Mayo</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension of Our Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_Day" title="Caliphate Day">Caliphate Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Declaration of the Bab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk_Day" title="Harvey Milk Day">Harvey Milk Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> / <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> (CA, unofficial, proposed state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_(United_States)" title="Law Day (United States)">Law Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_Day" title="Loyalty Day">Loyalty Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_Day" title="Malcolm X Day">Malcolm X Day</a> (CA, IL, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Spouse_Day" title="Military Spouse Day">Military Spouse Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Prayer" title="National Day of Prayer">National Day of Prayer</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Reason" title="National Day of Reason">National Day of Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Transportation_Day" title="National Defense Transportation Day">National Defense Transportation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Maritime_Day" title="United States National Maritime Day">National Maritime Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Officers_Memorial_Day" title="Peace Officers Memorial Day">Peace Officers Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Day" title="Truman Day">Truman Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June <a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> (federal, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Father's Day (United States)">Father's Day</a> (36)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill Day">Bunker Hill Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina Day">Carolina Day</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young_Day" title="Don Young Day">Don Young Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Fast of the Holy Apostles</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (36, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller_Day" title="Helen Keller Day">Helen Keller Day</a> (PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_America_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor America Days">Honor America Days</a> (3 weeks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Davis Day">Jefferson Davis Day</a> (AL, FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamehameha Day">Kamehameha Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Litha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunde_Festival" title="Odunde Festival">Odunde Festival</a> (Philadelphia, PA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Week" title="Senior Week">Senior Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist#Celebration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">Saint John's Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Day" title="West Virginia Day">West Virginia Day</a> (WV)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> (federal)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Rivera" title="Luis Muñoz Rivera">Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Celso_Barbosa" title="José Celso Barbosa">Birthday of Dr. José Celso Barbosa</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands</a> (VI, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Purnima" title="Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad_Sal" title="Khordad Sal">Khordad Sal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_Restoration_Day" title="Sovereignty Restoration Day">Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Execution of the Báb">Martyrdom of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Day" title="Pioneer Day">Pioneer Day</a> (UT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Constitution_Day" title="Puerto Rico Constitution Day">Puerto Rico Constitution Day</a> (PR)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July–August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">Summer vacation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Illinois</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington_Battle_Day" title="Bennington Battle Day">Bennington Battle Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_versus_Assumption" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadir" title="Eid al-Ghadir">Eid-e-Ghadeer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_fast" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary#Feasts" title="Assumption of Mary">Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Statehood Day (Hawaii)">Hawaii Admission Day / Statehood Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas">Lammas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Panchami" title="Naga Panchami">Naga Panchami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Day" title="National Aviation Day">National Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration of the Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(United_States)" title="Victory Day (United States)">Victory Day</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Day" title="Women's Equality Day">Women's Equality Day</a> (36)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September <a href="/wiki/National_Prostate_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month">Prostate Cancer Awareness Month</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Childhood_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Childhood Cancer Awareness Month">Childhood Cancer Awareness Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Day" title="Brazilian Day">Brazilian Day</a> (NY, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Admission_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="California Admission Day">California Admission Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Garner_Federal_Lands_Cleanup_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day">Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_Day_(Maryland)" title="Defenders Day (Maryland)">Defenders Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Elevation of the Holy Cross">Elevation of the Holy Cross</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_San_Gennaro" title="Feast of San Gennaro">Feast of San Gennaro</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Star_Mother%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Star Mother's Day">Gold Star Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Trizin_Ngawang_Kunga" title="Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga">His Holiness Sakya Trizin's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">Mabon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Payroll_Week" title="National Payroll Week">National Payroll Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day</a> (proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">Patriot Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September–October <a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Heritage_Month" title="National Hispanic Heritage Month">Hispanic Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Chehlum Imam Hussain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_celebrations" title="Oktoberfest celebrations">Oktoberfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitri_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitri Paksha">Pitri Paksha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah / Feast of Trumpets</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijaya Dashami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October <a href="/wiki/National_Breast_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Breast Cancer Awareness Month">Breast Cancer Awareness Month</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Disability_Employment_Awareness_Month" title="National Disability Employment Awareness Month">Disability Employment Awareness Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_Heritage_and_Culture_Month" title="Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month">Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month</a> <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American_History_Month" title="Filipino American History Month">Filipino American History Month</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Day" title="Alaska Day">Alaska Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Health_Day" title="Child Health Day">Child Health Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">General Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-American_Day" title="German-American Day">German-American Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples%27_Day_(United_States)" title="Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)">Indigenous Peoples' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leif_Erikson_Day" title="Leif Erikson Day">Leif Erikson Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Day" title="Missouri Day">Missouri Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomonestotse" title="Nanomonestotse">Nanomonestotse</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="National School Lunch Week">National School Lunch Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day in South Dakota</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Day" title="Nevada Day">Nevada Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Day" title="Spirit Day">Spirit Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetest_Day" title="Sweetest Day">Sweetest Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands%E2%80%93Puerto_Rico_Friendship_Day" title="Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day">Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day</a> (PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cane_Safety_Day" title="White Cane Safety Day">White Cane Safety Day</a> (36)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October–November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Holy_Birthdays" title="Twin Holy Birthdays">Birth of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Birth of Baháʼu'lláh">Birth of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid al-Nabi</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Indian_Heritage_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Indian Heritage Month">Native American Indian Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Beginning of the Nativity Fast</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Alabama</a> (Perry County, AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Hamilton_Jackson" title="D. Hamilton Jackson">D. Hamilton Jackson Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Day after Thanksgiving</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Covenant_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Day of the Covenant (Baháʼí)">Day of the Covenant</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of Puerto Rico">Discovery of Puerto Rico Day</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a> (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving">Friendsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Gurpurab" title="Guru Nanak Gurpurab">Guru Nanak Gurpurab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Independence Day (Hawaii)">Lā Kūʻokoʻa</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a> (MD, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Trans Day of Remembrance</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day">Unthanksgiving Day</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> (religious, federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">Advent Sunday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Day" title="Alabama Day">Alabama Day</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Day" title="Bodhi Day">Bodhi Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalica" title="Chalica">Chalica</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> (KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Day after Christmas</a> (KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivus" title="Festivus">Festivus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HumanLight" title="HumanLight">HumanLight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Day" title="Indiana Day">Indiana Day</a> (IN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a> (cultural, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Burhanuddin" title="Mohammed Burhanuddin">Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pearl_Harbor_Remembrance_Day" title="National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day">National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">Old Year's Night</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Aviation_Day" title="Pan American Aviation Day">Pan American Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaya_Subramuniyaswami" title="Sivaya Subramuniyaswami">Pancha Ganapati</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (OH, OR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers_Day" title="Wright Brothers Day">Wright Brothers Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartosht_No-Diso" title="Zartosht No-Diso">Zartosht No-Diso</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varies (year round)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Arafah" title="Day of Arafah">Yawm al-Arafa</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> (religious, four times a year)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon Festival">Obon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (religious, month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Ghost Festival</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Yawm Aashura</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"><div>Legend: (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">racial/ethnic group</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_minority" title="Sexual minority">sexual minority</a>, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_holidays" title="Lists of holidays">Lists of holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_holiday" title="Hallmark holiday">Hallmark holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Public holidays in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Public holidays in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Public holidays in the United 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">All regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Bank Holiday</a></li> <li>Summer Bank Holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li>Spring Bank Holiday</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li>Spring Bank Holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">Battle of the Boyne (Orangemen's Day)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2nd January</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St Andrew's Day</a> (optional)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ireland_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ireland_topics" title="Template talk:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ireland_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ireland-related_topics" title="List of Ireland-related topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Outline of the Republic of Ireland">topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of Northern Ireland–related topics">topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann (lower house)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann (upper house)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lúnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_dialect" title="Ulster Scots dialect">Ulster Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_prose_fiction" title="Irish prose fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_theatre" title="Irish theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triads_of_Ireland" title="Triads of Ireland">Triads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_ballads" title="List of Irish ballads">Ballads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh" title="Cèilidh">Céilí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Folk music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music_session" title="Irish traditional music session">session</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_musical_instruments" title="Category:Irish musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Irish_singing" title="Traditional Irish singing">Traditional singing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Mythology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology#Mythological_cycle" title="Irish mythology">Cycles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Cycle" title="Fenian Cycle">Fenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Cycle" title="Ulster Cycle">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycles_of_the_Kings" title="Cycles of the Kings">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aos Sí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echtra" title="Echtra">Echtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immram" title="Immram">Immrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firbolg" class="mw-redirect" title="Firbolg">Firbolg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Irish legendary creatures">Legendary creatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_people" title="List of Irish people">List of Irish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans_in_Ireland" title="Normans in Ireland">Hiberno-Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yola_people" title="Yola people">Yola</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland#Immigration" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Immigration to the Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Ireland" title="Americans in Ireland">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Ireland" title="Brazilians in Ireland">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ireland" title="Chinese people in Ireland">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Ireland" title="Filipinos in Ireland">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_Ireland" title="Lithuanians in Ireland">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Ireland" title="Nigerians in Ireland">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_people_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian people in Ireland">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_minority_in_Ireland" title="Polish minority in Ireland">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ireland" title="Romani people in Ireland">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Ireland" title="Turks in Ireland">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Naturalisation_and_Immigration_Service" title="Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service">Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_4" title="Stamp 4">Stamp 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ireland" title="Sport in Ireland">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Association football in the Republic of Ireland">Association football in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Association football in Northern Ireland">Association football in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ireland" title="Rugby union in Ireland">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Ireland" title="Category:National symbols of Ireland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brighid's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Cláirseach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ireland" title="Armorial of Ireland">County coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Ireland" title="List of flags of Ireland">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_flags_issue" title="Northern Ireland flags issue">Northern Ireland flags issue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Wolfhound" title="Irish Wolfhound">Irish Wolfhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland" title="Coat of arms of Ireland">National coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hand_of_Ulster" title="Red Hand of Ulster">Red Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">Shamrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Ireland" title="List of castles in Ireland">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_houses_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of historic houses in the Republic of Ireland">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ireland" title="Homelessness in Ireland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Mass media in the Republic of Ireland">Mass media (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_Ireland" title="List of monastic houses in Ireland">Monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_names_in_Ireland" title="Place names in Ireland">Place names</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_place_names_in_other_countries" title="List of Irish place names in other countries">outside Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Prostitution in the Republic of Ireland">Prostitution (Republic)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Prostitution in Northern Ireland">in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland">Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom#Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_pub" title="Irish pub">Public houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ireland" title="Squatting in Ireland">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/15px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/23px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/30px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/21px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/42px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Saint Patrick's Day at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Saint Patrick's Day">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:St_Patrick%27s_Day" class="extiw" title="n:Category:St Patrick's Day">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181817" class="extiw" title="d:Q181817">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181817#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181817#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181817#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4688508-0">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675013">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&oldid=1259296795">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Patrick%27s_Day&oldid=1259296795</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Category:Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saint_Patrick" 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