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</div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meiji periood</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 61 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="فترة مييجي – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة مييجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3mina_Meiji" title="Dómina Meiji – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dómina Meiji" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meydzi_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Meydzi dövrü – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meydzi dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مئی‌جی دؤورو – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مئی‌جی دؤورو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Meiji" title="Zaman Meiji – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Meiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Meiji" title="Zaman Meiji – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Meiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="মেইজি যুগ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেইজি যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAng-t%C4%AB" title="Bêng-tī – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bêng-tī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Перыяд Мэйдзі – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд Мэйдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མེའི་ཇིའི་དུས་དུས་མཚམས། – tiibeti" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེའི་ཇིའི་དུས་དུས་མཚམས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibeti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Meiji" title="Era Meiji – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Era Meiji" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Meid%C5%BEi" title="Období Meidži – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Meidži" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-perioden" title="Meiji-perioden – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meiji-perioden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-Zeit" title="Meiji-Zeit – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meiji-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Μεϊτζί (περίοδος) – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεϊτζί (περίοδος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meiji era" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Meiji" title="Era Meiji – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Era Meiji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Aroa" title="Meiji Aroa – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meiji Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="دوره میجی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره میجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88re_Meiji" title="Ère Meiji – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ère Meiji" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Meiji" title="Era Meiji – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Era Meiji" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="메이지 시대 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메이지 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ero_Meiji" title="Ero Meiji – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ero Meiji" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-t%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Meiji-tímabilið – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Meiji-tímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Meiji" title="Periodo Meiji – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Meiji" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%27%D7%99" title="תקופת מייג'י – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת מייג'י" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejii_w%C9%9B%C9%9B_yaa_al%C9%A9waat%CA%8A" title="Mejii wɛɛ yaa alɩwaatʊ – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mejii wɛɛ yaa alɩwaatʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მეიძის ეპოქა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეიძის ეპოქა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Мэйдзи дәуірі – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэйдзи дәуірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%B2k_Meiji" title="Epòk Meiji – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Epòk Meiji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetas_Meiji" title="Aetas Meiji – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aetas Meiji" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meid%C5%BEi_laikotarpis" title="Meidži laikotarpis – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meidži laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meidzsi-kor" title="Meidzsi-kor – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meidzsi-kor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Меиџи (период) – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меиџи (период)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мэйжийн эрин – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мэйжийн эрин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijiperiode" title="Meijiperiode – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meijiperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="明治" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-perioden" title="Meiji-perioden – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meiji-perioden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji" title="Meiji – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meiji" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_(okres)" title="Meiji (okres) – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meiji (okres)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Meiji" title="Era Meiji – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Era Meiji" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioada_Meiji" title="Perioada Meiji – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioada Meiji" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Мэйдзи – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мэйдзи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_Meixhi" title="Periudha Meixhi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha Meixhi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_period" title="Meiji period – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meiji period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Meid%C5%BEi" title="Obdobie Meidži – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Meidži" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%9F%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Меиџи период – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Меиџи период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji-kausi" title="Meiji-kausi – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meiji-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijiperioden" title="Meijiperioden – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meijiperioden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Meiji" title="Panahong Meiji – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Meiji" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மெய்சி காலம் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்சி காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4" title="ยุคเมจิ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเมจิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Minh_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Thời kỳ Minh Trị – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Minh Trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Meiji Dönemi – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meiji Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Період Мейдзі – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Мейдзі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="میجی دور – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میجی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="明治" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_Meiji" title="Panahon Meiji – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon Meiji" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="明治" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="明治" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="明治" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3125096#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_periood" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arutelu:Meiji_periood&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta (pole veel kirjutatud) [t]" 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1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small><i>(Jaanuar 2023)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Meiji_tenno3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/220px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/330px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/440px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>Keiser Meiji 1872. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Meiji periood</b> või <b>Meiji ajastu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jaapani_keel" title="Jaapani keel">jaapani keeles</a> 明治時代 <i>Meiji jidai</i>) on <a href="/wiki/Jaapani_ajalugu" title="Jaapani ajalugu">Jaapani ajaloos</a> eristatav ajastu, mis kestis aastatel 1868–1912. Meiji periood algas keisrivõimu taastamisega (<a href="/wiki/Meiji_restauratsioon" title="Meiji restauratsioon">Meiji restauratsioon</a>). Uueks keisriks sai <a href="/wiki/Keiser_Meiji" title="Keiser Meiji">keiser Meiji</a>, millest tuleb ka ajastu nimi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meiji ajastut saab iseloomustada kui moderniseerimise ja läänestumise aega. Muutused toimusid peaaegu kõikides riigi asutustes, aga ka tavaliste inimeste elus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ülevaade"><span id=".C3.9Clevaade"></span>Ülevaade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ülevaade"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Ülevaade" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaapani_keiser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaapani keiser (pole veel kirjutatud)">Keisri</a> võimu taastav määrus aastal 1868 lõpetas <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_%C5%A1ogunaat" title="Tokugawa šogunaat">Tokugawa šogunaadi</a> valitsemise. Nüüd sai võimule uus valitsus ja riigipeaks sai keiser. Kõrgematel positsioonidel olid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satsuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satsuma (pole veel kirjutatud)">Satsuma</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C5%8Dshu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chōshu (pole veel kirjutatud)">Chōshu</a> klannid. Keisril oli vaid sümboolne roll. Tokugawa klann püüdis vastu panna ja pärast <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toba-Fushimi_lahing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toba-Fushimi lahing (pole veel kirjutatud)">Toba-Fushimi lahingut</a> põgenes šogun saartele ning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo_kindlus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edo kindlus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Edo kindlus</a> jäi uuele valitsusele. Uus valitsus otsustas avada Jaapani maailmale. Aastaks 1871 tühistas valitsus feodaalsed haldusalad ja asutas prefektuurid. 1879. aastal tühistati klasside süsteem, kaasa arvatud <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> klass. Kaasaegne <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;">kabinettide süsteem</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Mall:Kas" title="Mall:Kas"><span title="See väide vajab kontrollimist!">küsitav</span></a></i>]</sup> asutati 1885. aastal ja uus konstitutsioon kuulutati välja 1889. aastal. Jaapani kahekojalise parlamendi <a href="/wiki/Kokkai" title="Kokkai">Kokkai</a> esimene istung toimus 1890. aastal. Sündmusi ja muutusi, mis tekkisid pärast keisrivõimu taastamist nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Meiji_restauratsioon" title="Meiji restauratsioon">Meiji restauratsiooniks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tokugawa perioodil kehtivate seaduste ja Meiji Restauratsiooni muutuste võrdlus<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Tokugawa perioodi asutused</b> </th> <th><b>Meiji reformid</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Üks kolmandik territooriumist on pärilikud haldusalad. </td> <td>Lordide valitsemine on tühistatud. Otsene keskendatud võimu valitsemine. Uued prefektuurid. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Päriliku <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> staatusega inimestel olid <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4n" title="Lään">lääned</a>, mida nad said lordidest. Samuti neil oli administratiivsete asutuste ja sõjaväe monopol. </td> <td>Lääned said riiklikute <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5lakiri" title="Võlakiri">võlakirjadeks</a>. Kutsealune armee. Bürokraatlikud asutused on avatud värbamisega. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Väljaminekute regulatsioonid, abielu, ümberpaigutuse, ameti vahetamise keelud. Staatuse gruppide eraldamine. </td> <td>Kõik keelud tühistatud. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maa müümine või kasvatavate kultuuride vahetamine keelatud. </td> <td>Kõik keelud tühistatud. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turg on jaotatud ametlikutele <a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol">monopolidele</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Monopson" title="Monopson">monopsonidele</a>. </td> <td>Turu sisesed piirid on eemaldatud. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaebused olid ainuke viis edastada mingi grupi huve valitsusele. </td> <td>Kohalikud assambleed 1870. aastatel. Hiljem konstitutsioon ja Kokkai. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tavaliste inimeste haridus on võimalik ainult era õpetajatega või väiksetes koolides. </td> <td>Haridussüsteem, kus põhiharidus on kohustuslik ja on olemas ka kesk- ja kõrgharidus. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Läänestumine"><span id="L.C3.A4.C3.A4nestumine"></span>Läänestumine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Läänestumine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Läänestumine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esimene Jaapani tutvus Läänega juhtus sel ajal, kui võimul oli veel Tokugawa klann. Jaapanlased nägid kui võimsad on industrialiseeritud Lääneriigid ja mida nad Hiina näitel olid võimelised tegema teiste riikidega. Jaapanlased kogesid endale ohtu. Sellepärast otsustas Tokugawa klann alustada Lääne õpinguid, mis hõlmasid ka meditsiini, õigusteadust jne. Jaapani üliõpilased hakkasid käima Läänes õppimas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industrialiseerimine oli suur ähvardus traditsioonilistele riikidele, sest see pani inimesi küsima nende traditsioonide ja valitsuste kohta. See võis olla ka üks Tokugawa klanni languse põhjuseid. Aga samal ajal oli industriaalset arengut vaja vastupanuks industriaalsetele riikidele ja võimude tasakaaluks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sõna "restauratsioon" võttis kasutusele uus valitsus, kuna ta tahtis rõhutada, et toimub mingi mineviku valitsuse taastamine, mis tegelikult ei olnud tõsi. Tavalised inimesed kasutasid sõna <i>go-isshin</i>, mis tähendab ‘suur uuendus’, mis on tõele lähedam.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jaapan pidas moderniseerimist võimatuks ilma läänestumiseta. Sõjaväe ja tehnoloogiate moderniseerimise kõrval käis ka igasuguste asutuste läänestumine. Ainus traditsioon, mis jäi muutustest puudutamata, oli traditsiooniline <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0into" class="mw-redirect" title="Šinto">šinto</a> religioon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunmei-kaika" title="Bunmei-kaika">Bunmei-kaika</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum,_Louis-Frédéric2005" class="citation web cs1">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ee/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA624&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Japan encyclopedia"</a>. <i>Google Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 13.05.2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Books&rft.atitle=Japan+encyclopedia&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Nussbaum%2C+Louis-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ee%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC%26pg%3DPA624%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMeiji+periood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFPaine,_Sarah2017" class="citation web cs1">Paine, Sarah (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.utlib.ut.ee/core/books/japanese-empire/meiji-generation/04AC68D9AD040F0E671DC2F884B7FB90">"The Meiji Generation. The Japanese Empire"</a>. <i>Cambridge University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 13.05.2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press.&rft.atitle=The+Meiji+Generation.+The+Japanese+Empire&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Paine%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-cambridge-org.ezproxy.utlib.ut.ee%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fjapanese-empire%2Fmeiji-generation%2F04AC68D9AD040F0E671DC2F884B7FB90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMeiji+periood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFKitaoka,_Shinichi2018" class="citation web cs1">Kitaoka, Shinichi (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13439006.2018.1475706">"The Significance of the Meiji Restoration"</a>. <i>Asia-Pacific Review, 25:1, 5-18</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 13.05.2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Review%2C+25%3A1%2C+5-18&rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+the+Meiji+Restoration.&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Kitaoka%2C+Shinichi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F13439006.2018.1475706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMeiji+periood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite id="CITEREFCohen,_Mark2014" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Mark (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43694713?seq=1">"The political process of the revolutionary samurai: a comparative reconsideration of Japan's Meiji Restoration"</a>. <i>Theory and Society, 43:2, 139-168</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 13.05.2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theory+and+Society%2C+43%3A2%2C+139-168.&rft.atitle=The+political+process+of+the+revolutionary+samurai%3A+a+comparative+reconsideration+of+Japan%27s+Meiji+Restoration.&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43694713%3Fseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AMeiji+periood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both; font-size:95%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%">Eelnev<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kei%C5%8D_ajastu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keiō ajastu (pole veel kirjutatud)">Keiō periood</a></b> </td> <td width="40%"><b>Meiji periood</b><br />1868–1912 </td> <td width="30%">Järgnev<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_ajastu" title="Taishō ajastu">Taishō periood</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&oldid=6717327">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meiji_periood&oldid=6717327</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Jaapani_ajalugu" title="Kategooria:Jaapani ajalugu">Jaapani ajalugu</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad_(jaanuar_2023)" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad (jaanuar 2023)">Keeletoimetamist ootavad (jaanuar 2023)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:K%C3%BCsitavate_v%C3%A4idetega_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Küsitavate väidetega artiklid">Küsitavate väidetega artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 00:07, 1. september 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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