Multi-Objective Optimization for Weld Track Geometry in Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of ER308L Stainless Steel

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The studied geometrical attributes of weld tracks include weld track width (WTW), weld track height (WTH), and contact angle (α). The experiment was..." /> <style type="text/css"> @media (min-width: 1px) { img.articleImg {width: 100px;} img.articleImgList {width: 100px;} div.articleInfo {} } @media (min-width: 768px) { img.articleImg {width: 190px;} img.articleImgList {width: 110px;} div.articleInfo {width: calc(100% - 200px); float: left;} } div.magBibliography2 a:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.rightBox0:hover .boxIcon {color:;} div.rightBox1:hover .boxIcon {color:;} div.articleTopInner a.articleTopL:hover {border-bottom:2px solid #0682E7; color: #0682E7;} a.articleNavArrow:hover {color: #0682E7;} a.download-pdf {color: #0682E7;} a.download-pdf:hover {color: #0682E7;} a.magStats:hover {color: #0682E7;} a.advSearch:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.logosMore a:hover {color: #0682E7;} a.cookieAccept {background: #0682E7;} a.cookieDecline {color: #0682E7;border:1px solid #0682E7;} a.cookieMore {color: #0682E7;} div.refExternalLink .icon {color: #0682E7;} div.otherArticles a:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.scrollArrow a:hover {color: #0682E7;} .bgMain {background-color: !important;} a.magArticleTitle:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.topMenuFullClose a:hover {color: #0682E7;} a.cookieAlertClose:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.topMenuFull a.menuOpt:hover {color: #0682E7;} div.tabsIn a.tabCur {border-top: 1px solid ;} div.impOptionsBorder {border-color: ;} a.impOptionSubmit {background: ;} a.impOptionSubmit:hover {background: ;} a.impOption {border-color: ; color: ;} a.impOption:hover {background: ;} div.menu a.menuCurrentPos {border-color: ;} div.pagingDiv a {color: ; } div.pagingDiv a:hover {background: ; border: 1px solid ; } div.pagingDiv b {background: ;} div.subtitleUnderline { border-bottom: 2px solid ;} div.rightBoxOptLine { border-bottom:2px solid ; } div.logosMoreLine { border-bottom:2px solid ; } div.highlights ul li::before { color: ;} body { background: ;} ul.tops li.current { border-bottom-color:;} div.header { background: #ffffff; } div.metricValueImp { color:;} div.metrics a { color:#0682E7;} input.emailAlertsButton {color: #0682E7;} div.linksColorBackground {background: #0682E7;} div.whiteLogoOut {background: #ffffff;} div.abstractSup {background: #0682E7;} div.abstractSupLink {color: #0682E7; } div.abstractSupLink:hover {background: #0682E7; color:#fff; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> function pdfStats(articleId) { $.get('http://jmacheng.not.pl/CountStats/'+articleId+'/PDF/'); } jQuery(document).ready(function() { $(".db-orcid").each(function(){ var elementContent = $(this).html(); elementContent = '<div class="icon icon-orcid"></div>'+elementContent; $(this).html(elementContent); }); $(".db-googlescholar").each(function(){ var elementContent = $(this).html(); elementContent = '<div class="icon icon-googlescholar"></div>'+elementContent; $(this).html(elementContent); }); $(".db-researcherid").each(function(){ var elementContent = $(this).html(); elementContent = '<div class="icon icon-researcher-id"></div>'+elementContent; $(this).html(elementContent); }); $(".db-scopus").each(function(){ var elementContent = $(this).html(); elementContent = '<div class="icon icon-scopus"></div>'+elementContent; $(this).html(elementContent); }); }); </script> <script src="http://www.journalssystem.com/_static/common/jcanvas.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="http://www.journalssystem.com/_static/common/es.canvas.js?v2" type="text/javascript"></script> <meta name="description" content="In this research, the weld track geometry in wire-arc DED (directed energy deposition) of ER308L stainless steel was predicted and optimized. The studied geometrical attributes of weld tracks include weld track width (WTW), weld track height (WTH), and contact angle (α). The experiment was..." /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Multi-Objective Optimization for Weld Track Geometry in Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of ER308L Stainless Steel" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.36897/jme/166134" /> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.36897/jme/166134" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Machine Engineering" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1895-7595" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2391-8071" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="23" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Editorial Institution of Wrocław Board of Scientific Technical Societies Federation NOT" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="english" /> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Journal of Machine Engineering" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Van Canh Nguyen" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Van Thao Le" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ngoc-Linh Pham" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anh-Thang Nguyen" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/06/12" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/05/15" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="123" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="134" /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content="" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://jmacheng.not.pl/pdf-166134-91164?filename=Multi_Objective.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Wire-arc directed energy deposition; weld tracks; ER308L stainless steel; Multi-objective optimization" /> <title> Multi-Objective Optimization for Weld Track Geometry in Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of ER308L Stainless Steel </title> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=647f0be740353a0019caf2e3&product=inline-share-buttons&source=platform" async="async"></script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6CRPTZZPLX"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6CRPTZZPLX'); </script> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="d-none d-md-block"> </div> <div class="d-block d-md-none"> <div class="mMenu"> <a href="#" onclick="$('#mMenuCollapse').slideToggle(400); $('#mSearchCollapse').hide(); return false;" class="dirRight menuOpt mobileMenuIcoOpt"> <div class="icon icon-reorder"></div> </a> <a href="#" onclick="$('#mSearchCollapse').slideToggle(150); 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}); </script> <div class="subtitleUnderline"></div> <div class="magAbstractAuthors"> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_231975" onmouseover="highlightAffs('1', 1, 231975); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('1', 0, 231975); return false;"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Author-Van Canh-Nguyen/231975" class="black">Van Canh Nguyen</a> <span class=""> <sup> 1 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_231976" onmouseover="highlightAffs('2', 1, 231976); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('2', 0, 231976); return false;"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Author-Van Thao-Le/231976" class="black">Van Thao Le</a> <span class=""> <sup> 2 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft"><a href="mailto:vtle@lqdtu.edu.vn"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a></div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0989-3998" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-orcid"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <a href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56959937800" target="_blank"><div class="icon icon-scopus"></div></a> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_231977" onmouseover="highlightAffs('1', 1, 231977); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('1', 0, 231977); return false;"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Author-Ngoc-Linh-Pham/231977" class="black">Ngoc-Linh Pham</a> <span class=""> <sup> 1 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="dirLeft pad-right-5">,</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft " id="author_231978" onmouseover="highlightAffs('3', 1, 231978); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAffs('3', 0, 231978); return false;"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Author-Anh-Thang-Nguyen/231978" class="black">Anh-Thang Nguyen</a> <span class=""> <sup> 3 </sup> </span> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div style="height: 10px;line-height: 10px;font-size: 0;"> </div> <a class="articleDetails" href="#" onclick="$('#articleDetailsId').toggle(200); $('#moreDetailsId').toggle(); $('#hideDetailsId').toggle(); $('[rel=contributionRel]').toggle(200); return false; " id="moreDetailsId"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-down"></div>More details</a> <a class="articleDetails" href="#" onclick="$('#articleDetailsId').toggle(200); $('#hideDetailsId').toggle(); $('#moreDetailsId').toggle(); $('[rel=contributionRel]').toggle(200); return false; " id="hideDetailsId"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-up"></div>Hide details</a> <div id="articleDetailsId"> <div class="affiliations"> <div class="simple-list"> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_1" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('231975,231977', 1, 1); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('231975,231977', 0, 1); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">1</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Faculty of mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Viet Nam</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_2" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('231976', 1, 2); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('231976', 0, 2); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">2</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Advanced Technology Center (ATC), Le Quy Don Technical University, Viet Nam</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small" id="aff_3" onmouseover="highlightAuthors('231978', 1, 3); return false;" onmouseout="highlightAuthors('231978', 0, 3); return false;"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px pad-left-4 em-08">3</div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-095">Vietnam-Japan Center, Hanoi University of Industry, Viet Nam</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="simple-list pad-top-12 pad-bot-10"> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Submission date: 2023-04-04</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Final revision date: 2023-05-13</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Acceptance date: 2023-05-13</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Online publication date: 2023-05-15</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="list-row-small-2"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23 em-08">Publication date: 2023-06-12</div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="simple-list"> <div class="list-row-small"> <div class="dirLeft w-23px"> </div> <div class="dirLeft w-100-c23"> <div class="em-085"><b>Corresponding author</b></div> <div class="em-095"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Author-Van Thao-Le/231976" class="corrAuthorLink" class="black">Van Thao Le</a>   <a href="mailto:vtle@lqdtu.edu.vn"><div class="icon icon-envelope-o"></div></a><br/> Advanced Technology Center (ATC), Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function highlightAuthors(a, on, aff){ var a = a.split(','); if(on == 1) $('#aff_'+aff).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#aff_'+aff).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); for(i = 0; i < a.length; i++){ if(on == 1) $('#author_'+a[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#author_'+a[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); } } function highlightAffs(affs, on, author){ var affs = affs.split(','); if(on == 1) $('#author_'+author).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#author_'+author).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); for(i = 0; i < affs.length; i++){ if(on == 1) $('#aff_'+affs[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#FFFAA8"}, 166); else $('#aff_'+affs[i]).stop().animate({backgroundColor: "#fff"}, 166); } } </script> <div style="height: 8px;line-height: 8px;font-size: 0;"> </div> <div class="magBibliography2">Journal of Machine Engineering 2023;23(2):123-134</div>  <div class="magBibliography2"> <div class="dirLeft" style="padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 10px;"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.36897/jme/166134"><div class="dirLeft icon icon-angle-right"></div>DOI: <span class="magBibliographyDOI">https://doi.org/10.36897/jme/166134</span></a> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"> </div> <div class="abstractButtons"> <a class="abstractFullText dirLeft" target="_blank" onclick="pdfStats(166134);return true;" href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/pdf-166134-91164?filename=Multi_Objective.pdf"> <div class="abstractFullTextButton dirLeft"> <div class="dirLeft icon icon-file-pdf-o"></div> Article <span class="block">(PDF)</span> </div> </a> <a href="#references" class="abstractLink dirLeft"> <span class="block">References</span><span class="block"> </span><span class="block">(15)</span> </a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">KEYWORDS</div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Keyword-Wire-arc+directed+energy+deposition/478331" class="singleKeyword">Wire-arc directed energy deposition<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Keyword-weld+tracks/478332" class="singleKeyword">weld tracks<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Keyword-ER308L+stainless+steel/478333" class="singleKeyword">ER308L stainless steel<div class="icon icon-circle dirRight"></div></a><a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Keyword-Multi-objective+optimization/372519" class="singleKeyword">Multi-objective optimization</a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">TOPICS</div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a href="http://jmacheng.not.pl/Topic-Mechanical+Engineering/2578" class="singleKeyword">Mechanical Engineering</a> <div class="clearAll"> </div> </div> <div class="abstractLabel">ABSTRACT</div> <div class="abstractContent realAbstract" >In this research, the weld track geometry in wire-arc DED (directed energy deposition) of ER308L stainless steel was predicted and optimized. The studied geometrical attributes of weld tracks include weld track width (WTW), weld track height (WTH), and contact angle (α). The experiment was designed based on Taguchi method with three variables (current I, voltage U, and weld velocity v) and four levels for each variable. The ANOVA was adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the models and impact levels of variables on the responses. The TOPSIS method was utilized to predict the optimal variables. The results indicated that the predicted models were built with high accuracy levels (R2 = 98.92%, 98.77%, and 98.91% for WTW, WTH, and α, respectively). Among the studied variables, U features the highest effects on WTW and α with 78.56% and 69.90% of contribution, respectively, while v is the variable that has the most impact on WTH with 39.82% of contribution. The optimal variables predicted by TOPSIS were U = 23 V, I = 140 A, and v = 300 mm/min, which allows building components with stable and regular geometry.</div> <a class="anchor" id="references"></a> <div class="abstractLabel"><span class="block">REFERENCES</span><span class="block"> </span><span class="block">(15)</span></div> <div class="abstractContent"> <a class="anchor" id="1"></a> <div class="ref" id="ref_1"> <div class="dirLeft refNo">1.</div> <div class="dirLeft refText"> <div style="word-break: break-word;">JAFARI D., VANEKER T.H.J., GIBSON I., 2021, Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing: Opportunities and Challenges to Control the Quality and Accuracy of Manufactured Parts, Materials & Design, 202, 109471, <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109471">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matd...</a>.</div> <div class="refLinks">  <div class="dirLeft"><a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109471">CrossRef</a></div> <div class="dirLeft" 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Multi-Objective Optimization for Weld Track Geometry in Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of ER308L Stainless Steel