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class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Religions</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">13 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 56967313; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=56967313"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } 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parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">If an object-centered volume on religious ritual is anything, it is a collection of contributions on material culture as a manifestation of structured symbolic practices (Fleming and Mann 2014; Grimes 2011; Keane 2008; Morgan 2008) [...]</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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In this article, we summarize RFH and then turn to its potential application to material culture. If RFH can partially explain which sorts of religious rituals will be religiously frequent, central, and high in sensory pageantry, then it may also probabilistically predict the sorts of materials used in these rituals.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ritual Forms and Ritual Stuff: Implications of Lawson and McCauley's Ritual Form Hypothesis for Material Culture","attachmentId":115730290,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120646957/Ritual_Forms_and_Ritual_Stuff_Implications_of_Lawson_and_McCauleys_Ritual_Form_Hypothesis_for_Material_Culture","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120646957/Ritual_Forms_and_Ritual_Stuff_Implications_of_Lawson_and_McCauleys_Ritual_Form_Hypothesis_for_Material_Culture"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="24492623" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24492623/The_Question_of_Ritual">The Question of Ritual</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="596998" href="https://au.academia.edu/JesperS%C3%B8rensen">Jesper Sørensen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Question of Ritual","attachmentId":45961986,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24492623/The_Question_of_Ritual","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24492623/The_Question_of_Ritual"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="955815" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/955815/Ritual_Theoretical_Issues_in_the_Study_of_Religion">Ritual: Theoretical Issues in the Study of Religion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133305" href="https://wichita.academia.edu/JensKreinath">Jens Kreinath</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rever: Revista de Estudos da Religião 5:100–107, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This essay looks at recent theory of ritual. It argues that an overemphasis on texts in the study of religion has led to a misleading analysis of ritual as a symbolic site of meaning. On the other hand, attempts to study ritual on its own terms, primarily by attending to formal elements, suggest that the study of ritual is separable from the study of religion. At the same time, this work promises to give ritual studies a more central role in the study of religion.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ritual: Theoretical Issues in the Study of Religion","attachmentId":32392473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/955815/Ritual_Theoretical_Issues_in_the_Study_of_Religion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/955815/Ritual_Theoretical_Issues_in_the_Study_of_Religion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="36299457" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36299457/The_Symbolism_of_Secular_Rituals">The Symbolism of Secular Rituals</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="502905" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/JanKoz%C3%A1k">Jan A Kozák</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Secular rituals are usually not perceived as rituals by the majority of secular Westerners. Scholars usually are aware of their ritual nature, but rarely use the same language as they use when discussing prototypical religious rituals. In the process of our early age socialization and later education we are installed into our symbolic system, which is internalized and becomes transparent, invisible. The by-product of this process is that we learn to overlook the myths and rituals of contemporary secular culture, and we label them as something of different nature. Secular Westerners curiously observe colourful rituals of e.g. an African tribe, calling it “religion” (contrasting with their non-religiousness) as if something so “weird” and “superstitious” was completely alien to their rational secular life – all the while the Westerners themselves perform even more elaborate and grandiose (and weird) rituals. For instance, as part of the secular Christmas celebration most people put a sacrificed tree inside their house and adorn it (in a way reminding us of the adornment of sacrificial victim in Classical Antiquity or some parts of today’s India). In the months before the ritual itself they participate in zealous acquisition of gifts (which massively influences Western culture and economy), performing another version of symbolic sacrifice (sacrificing their money). The rite itself is enacted with a day of feasting and copious gift-giving comparable to the Potlatch feasts. In contrast to typical Potlatch they don’t practice the destruction of property, but the feature of abundant “giving away” is similar. The paper presents a specific reading of several secular or secularized rituals (Christmas, New Year, rituals of the World War II rememberance etc.) showing their similarity to prototypical religious rituals and emphasizing the camouflaged presence of potent ritual elements (sacrifice, liminality, reenactment of mythic images etc.).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Symbolism of Secular Rituals","attachmentId":56393255,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36299457/The_Symbolism_of_Secular_Rituals","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36299457/The_Symbolism_of_Secular_Rituals"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="74504733" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74504733/Evan_Zuesse_Ritual_Ency_of_Religion_ed_Eliade_1987_and_in_the_Second_Edition_ed_Jones_2005_Vol">Evan Zuesse, Ritual, Ency. of Religion, ed. Eliade (1987], and in the Second Edition, ed. Jones (2005), Vol</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8770420" href="https://unisa-au.academia.edu/EvanZuesse">Evan Zuesse</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ritual, 1987</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article first appeared in the First Edition (1987) of the Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Mircea Eliade,, v. 12, pp. 405-422, and is reproduced here as it was reprinted without changes (aside from a bibliographic update) in the Second Edition (2005), ed. Lindsay Jones, v. 11, pp. 7833-7848. It first presents a definition of ritual as it appears in religious contexts, and then surveys the various theoretical approaches that have dominated academic study, developing out of this an analysis that seeks to do justice to the multivalent and multileveled nature of religious ritual itself.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evan Zuesse, Ritual, Ency. of Religion, ed. Eliade (1987], and in the Second Edition, ed. Jones (2005), Vol","attachmentId":82633550,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74504733/Evan_Zuesse_Ritual_Ency_of_Religion_ed_Eliade_1987_and_in_the_Second_Edition_ed_Jones_2005_Vol","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74504733/Evan_Zuesse_Ritual_Ency_of_Religion_ed_Eliade_1987_and_in_the_Second_Edition_ed_Jones_2005_Vol"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="126393225" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126393225/Introduction_Ritual_Creativity">Introduction: Ritual Creativity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="901594" href="https://lu.academia.edu/IveBrissman">Ive Brissman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BRILL eBooks, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Introduction: Ritual Creativity This book brings together leading international scholars of religion from a variety of disciplines with the aim of casting light on the topic of ritual studies within contemporary studies of religion. The contemporary studies of religion consist of an array of interconnected fields and the present volume explores the role played by rituals in the following emergent areas: new spiritualities and ecology, religion and embodiment, and indigenous religions. In addition, the volume offers a selection of regional perspectives on ritual studies from African Christianity and Islam which includes contemporary negotiations of identity and coloniality. The collected volume offers a combination of significant theoretical and methodological discussions as well as previously understudied topics in the contemporary studies of religion. The book addresses readers from a wide range of disciplines. It will be of interest to and relevance for both students and researchers within the larger fields of ritual and religious studies, as well as anthropology and environmental humanities. The volume is not only a broad exploration of the importance of ritual in the contemporary studies of religion but also a way to honour a fellow scholar whose academic pursuits during her thirty-year career illustrate the interconnectedness and value of cross-pollination between several disciplines. The work of Professor Anne-Christine Hornborg embodies the innovative and fruitful ways in which ritual perspectives can be applied to a broader context within the contemporary study of religions. In 2001 Professor Hornborg published the well-received study A Landscape of Left-Overs (2001) based on fieldwork among Nova Scotia's first nation Mi'kmaq. Since then, Professor Hornborg has published many important contributions in ritual studies based on her other fieldwork in locations such as Tonga and Peru. These insights have been disseminated in a number of ways within the study of contemporary religion, demonstrating the persistence of ritual and religion in our own secular and consumerist societies. The chapters in the present volume are all inspired by the work of Professor Hornborg, in particular, the methodological and theoretical contributions she has offered throughout her long career. Some chapters revisit the contexts in which Professor Hornborg carried out long periods of fieldwork. This book takes as its point of departure the great potential which we, the editors and contributors, believe is found in interdisciplinary approaches, and to which Professor Hornborg's career is a testament. Professor Hornborg's contributions to the study of rituals showcases the importance of ritual perspectives-9789004692206 Downloaded from Brill.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Ritual Creativity","attachmentId":120276198,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126393225/Introduction_Ritual_Creativity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126393225/Introduction_Ritual_Creativity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="934088" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/934088/Ritual_as_Action_and_Symbolic_Expression">Ritual as Action and Symbolic Expression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="596998" href="https://au.academia.edu/JesperS%C3%B8rensen">Jesper Sørensen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In E Østrem, MB Bruun, NH Petersen & J Fleischer (eds), Genre and Ritual: The Cultural Heritage of Medieval Rituals. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, pp. 49-64., 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ritual as Action and Symbolic Expression","attachmentId":5695260,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/934088/Ritual_as_Action_and_Symbolic_Expression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/934088/Ritual_as_Action_and_Symbolic_Expression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="50589409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period">Introduction: Tangible Religion from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5650386" href="https://utu.academia.edu/ReimaV%C3%A4lim%C3%A4ki">Reima Välimäki</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4656364" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/AnuKaisaKoponen">Anu Kaisa Koponen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ria Berg, Antonella Coralini, Anu Kaisa Koponen, and Reima Välimäki, eds. Tangible Religion: Materiality of Domestic Cult Practices from Antiquity to Early Modern Era. Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae 49. Roma: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In ancient and premodern societies-from archaic Greece and imperial Rome, through the Middle Ages up to Reformed Northern Europe-most homes contained at least some select objects with a religious or ritual significance. Such objects, with a variable degree of sacrality, would range from altars, household shrines, and statuettes of divinities to incense burners, relics, pendants, rosaries and religious imagery of gods and saints represented on wall paintings, decorative tiles, textiles, furniture or everyday utensils, and even substances contained in the 'consecrated' vases, such as incense, salt, honey, water and wine. Such objects differed from the most venerated sacred cult items safeguarded in temples and churches, and seen only during certain ceremonies: domestic cult objects may have been seen, touched and used on an everyday basis. Inhabitants, visitors, servants, and slaves of the households therefore had a close, physical-and arguably more direct, personal and emotive-relationship with these objects with which they shared the living space and with which they were in daily interaction, than with the objects of the official cult. In domestic space, holy and everyday activities and objects mingled and were closely interwoven, to such an extent that it is impossible to distinguish the borders between the 'sacred' and the 'profane'. Material culture, with its non-language-like qualities, has always offered very specific ways to express abstract religious ideas and emotions. 1 Tangible objects-cult images, ritual paraphernalia, offerings, relics and sacred mementoes-have made it possible to vest ethereal religious beliefs in a material form, to render abstract ideas concrete and tactile, and made them ownable and capable of being contained in one's home. 2 Thus, religious performances-prayers, votive promises, and sacrifices-can have, to a certain degree, material proxies reflecting these ephemeral acts of speech and gesture. 3 In the Roman world, cult and sacrifice were prescribed in minute detail, and their material equipment too had to meet certain formal standards. 4 Such objects and images had also, in turn, the capability to render certain domestic spaces (more) sacred and give to the entire Roman domus a sacral aura. 5 The Roman house, as a homestead, was therefore, in a certain sense, regarded as a holy place and therefore was well protected by Roman law. The violation of someone's house was regarded as an attack not only against property and person, but also against the Roman state and its religion. In theory, the same 'sacred aura' attached to the Roman elite house also protected the humble homes of the poor. 6 1 BoiVin 2008.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Tangible Religion from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period","attachmentId":68514349,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50589409/Introduction_Tangible_Religion_from_Antiquity_to_the_Early_Modern_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="81964312" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81964312/Ritualistics_a_New_Discipline_in_the_History_of_Religions">Ritualistics: a New Discipline in the History of Religions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="187281575" href="https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%B8rgenPodemannS%C3%B8rensen">Jørgen Podemann Sørensen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 1993</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The history of Religions is in need of subdisciplines. Those that it has are mostly derived from other academic disciplines such as psychology, sociology, or, to mention a more recent invention, aesthetics. Interdisciplinary studies are in many ways a characteristic, inherent feature of the humanities, and certainly not to be resented or mistrusted. It is, however, worth noticing that the History of Religions has only one discipline entirely of its own: a comparative, cross-cultural, religio-specific discipline sometimes called the phenomenology of religion. The study of ritual is more than just the study of a very broad. It is with a view to the further exploration of the way meaning and form are put to work in ritual, and the way ritual determines and conditions the form of representations, that ritualistics can be suggested as a new discipline.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ritualistics: a New Discipline in the History of Religions","attachmentId":87824375,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81964312/Ritualistics_a_New_Discipline_in_the_History_of_Religions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81964312/Ritualistics_a_New_Discipline_in_the_History_of_Religions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="36846915" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36846915/Discursive_Iconic_and_Somatic_Perspectives_on_Ritual_Journal_of_Ritual_Studies_31_1_2017">Discursive, Iconic, and Somatic Perspectives on Ritual, Journal of Ritual Studies 31(1) 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="672400" href="https://hpu.academia.edu/MargoKitts">Margo Kitts</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Most approaches to ritual are based implicitly on a discursive paradigm which promotes an understanding of ritual as behavior that encodes symbolic meanings analyzable by language. To some extent this paradigm is inevitable and its usefulness is explored and critiqued here in relation to ancient evidence. A different, relatively neglected paradigm is the iconic, based on the visual draw of the ritual spectacle and choreography. This dimension of visual enticement is sketched in the context of some African rituals which feature rich pageantry or subtle choreography. A third, also neglected paradigm is somatic, as investigated primarily by contemporary ethnomusicologists but also in scholarly studies of ritualized pain and glossolalia. Although these are just three among many perspectives on ritual exegesis, they shine overlapping lights on ritual experience. This essay explores the virtues of these three perspectives and then argues that, ultimately, a ritual event cannot be grasped through a single lens. Instead it must be understood as absorbing and disseminating meanings which persuade at different levels of perception, which themselves intersect and combust to catalyze recognition, for performers and witnesses alike. Unlike the ethnographers who typically undertake ritual studies, I was trained as an antiquarian and thus my " fieldwork " was limited to the study of texts and artifacts. No differently than many ethnographers, antiquarians often approach their materials with unexamined presumptions about what constitutes evidence and about how to get to it. Our tools are typically literary, for obvious reasons: Aside from the occasional material artifact, our evidence is mostly embedded in texts, which we, having studied ancient languages for years, tend to approach from perspectives ascertainable by literary methods.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discursive, Iconic, and Somatic Perspectives on Ritual, Journal of Ritual Studies 31(1) 2017","attachmentId":56799396,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36846915/Discursive_Iconic_and_Somatic_Perspectives_on_Ritual_Journal_of_Ritual_Studies_31_1_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36846915/Discursive_Iconic_and_Somatic_Perspectives_on_Ritual_Journal_of_Ritual_Studies_31_1_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":72094435,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":72094435,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_72094435" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ritual Studies, Ritual Theory, Theorizing Rituals – An Introductory Essay","attachmentId":74847664,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3559494/Ritual_Studies_Ritual_Theory_Theorizing_Rituals_An_Introductory_Essay","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3559494/Ritual_Studies_Ritual_Theory_Theorizing_Rituals_An_Introductory_Essay"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="24287379" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24287379/Meditation_on_Ritual">Meditation on Ritual</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8770420" href="https://unisa-au.academia.edu/EvanZuesse">Evan Zuesse</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Meditation on Ritual","attachmentId":44621722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24287379/Meditation_on_Ritual","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24287379/Meditation_on_Ritual"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="41157592" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41157592/UNDERSTANDING_SACRED_OBJECTS_TOWARDS_AN_ANTHROPOLOGICAL_THEORY_OF_RELIGIOUS_MEANING">UNDERSTANDING SACRED OBJECTS. 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