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id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Presidential citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جان کالبرسن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان کالبرسن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Culberson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86" title="جان کالبرسن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان کالبرسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Culberson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Culberson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ג'ון קלברסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון קלברסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Culberson" title="Ioannes Culberson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Culberson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جون كولبيرسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون كولبيرسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Culberson" title="John Culberson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Culberson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Джон Калберсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Калберсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E6%A3%AE" title="約翰·庫爾伯森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約翰·庫爾伯森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Texas07 !"><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 7th congressional district">7th</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Bill Archer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">Lizzie Fletcher</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 13, 1987 – January 9, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Milton E. Fox</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Callegari" title="Bill Callegari">William A. Callegari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">125th District (1987–1993)<br />130th District (1993–2001)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Abney Culberson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-08-24</span>) </span>August 24, 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/South_Texas_College_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="South Texas College of Law">South Texas College of Law</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._John_Culberson_Honors_Outgoing_Rep._Ralph_Hall.ogg" title="File:Rep. John Culberson Honors Outgoing Rep. Ralph Hall.ogg">John Culberson's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Rep._John_Culberson_Honors_Outgoing_Rep._Ralph_Hall.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Rep._John_Culberson_Honors_Outgoing_Rep._Ralph_Hall.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Rep._John_Culberson_Honors_Outgoing_Rep._Ralph_Hall.ogg/Rep._John_Culberson_Honors_Outgoing_Rep._Ralph_Hall.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Culberson honors outgoing representative <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">Ralph Hall</a><br />Recorded December 9, 2014</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Abney Culberson</b> (born August 24, 1956) is an American attorney and politician who served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from 2001 to 2019. A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he served in <span data-sort-value="Texas07 !"><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 7th congressional district">Texas's 7th congressional district</a></span> in large portions of western <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> and surrounding <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a>. In his <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas#District_7" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">2018 re-election campaign</a>, he was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">Lizzie Fletcher</a>. He subsequently began work as a lobbyist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education,_and_career"><span id="Early_life.2C_education.2C_and_career"></span>Early life, education, and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education, and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson was born in Houston, the son of Eleanor (née Abney) and James Vincent Culberson.<sup id="cite_ref-frps1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frps1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His great-grandmother was Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-frps1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frps1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culberson attended <a href="/wiki/Lamar_High_School_(Houston)" title="Lamar High School (Houston)">Lamar High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HISDAlumni_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HISDAlumni-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> (SMU) in 1981 with a degree in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/South_Texas_College_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="South Texas College of Law">South Texas College of Law</a> in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texas_House_of_Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Texas House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his time in law school, Culberson was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a>, serving his first term beginning in 1987. He was a member of the Republican Whip team, becoming <a href="/wiki/Minority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Whip">Minority Whip</a> in 1999 during his last term. Culberson began working for the law firm of Lorance and Thompson as a civil defense attorney after he graduated from law school.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg/170px-John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg/255px-John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg/340px-John_Culberson_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2391" data-file-height="3099" /></a><figcaption>Culberson's freshman portrait during the <a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th Congress</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000">2000</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2000#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2000">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2000 § District 7</a></div></dt></dl> <p>Culberson won the Republican nomination for the 7th District in 2000 after 15-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/William_Reynolds_Archer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Reynolds Archer, Jr.">Bill Archer</a> announced his retirement. His state house district included much of the congressional district's western portion. He finished first in the Republican primary — traditionally the real contest in what has historically been a heavily Republican district – and defeated Peter Wareing in the runoff. He won easily in November, taking about 75% of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008">2008</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2008#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2008">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2008 § District 7</a></div> <p>In 2008, Culberson defeated businessman <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peter_Skelly" title="Michael Peter Skelly">Michael Peter Skelly</a> with 56% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-results_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-results-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only the second time that a Democrat had even crossed 40 percent of the vote in this district. </p><p>On August 1, 2008, to protest the House going into summer recess without discussing a pending energy bill, Culberson and other House Republicans stayed to make speeches about the energy bill in question. The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> leadership in the House, which controls services in the chamber, responded by cutting the microphones and cameras. Culberson used social media services <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qik" class="mw-redirect" title="Qik">Qik</a> to provide a live account of the proceedings. Culberson later compared this episode to the Iranian government's crackdown against dissidents who used Twitter to protest a restriction on foreign media in June 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2010#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2010">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2010 § District 7</a></div> <p>Culberson ran unopposed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012">2012</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2012#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2012">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2012 § District 7</a></div> <p>Culberson was challenged by the Democratic nominee James Cargas, an energy lawyer for the City of Houston, Green party nominee Lance Findley, and Libertarian Drew Parks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2014#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2014">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2014 § District 7</a></div> <p>In the November 4, 2014 general election, Culberson again defeated Democrat James Cargas, who polled 4,092 votes (62.1 percent) in the March 4 primary election.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culberson was unopposed in the Republican primary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016">2016</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2016#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2016">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2016 § District 7</a></div> <p>Culberson defeated James Lloyd and Maria Espinoza in the Republican primary election on March 1.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culberson polled 44,202 votes (57.3 percent) to James Lloyd's 19,182 (24.9 percent) and the third candidate, Maria Espinoza's 13,772 (17.8 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He secured his eighth term in the general election held on November 8, when, with 143,542 votes (56.2 percent), he defeated the Democrat James Cargas (born 1966) of Houston, who garnered 111,991 ballots (43.8 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> carried Culberson's 7th district in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2016">2016 presidential election</a>, Democrats began to regard the congressman as vulnerable in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018">2018</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas,_2018#District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018">United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018 § District 7</a></div> <p>Culberson defeated Edward Ziegler in the Republican primary with 76% of the vote. <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Pannill_Fletcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizzie Pannill Fletcher">Lizzie Pannill Fletcher</a> was the Democratic nominee<sup id="cite_ref-results_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-results-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and defeated him in the general election by a 52.5% to 47.5% margin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culberson held his own in his longtime base of west Houston and Memorial, much of which he'd represented for over three decades at the state and federal levels. However, Fletcher swamped him in the district's share of southwest Houston that were added in the 2004 redistricting, as well as in the Bear Creek area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Committee assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">Committee on Appropriations</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Commerce,_Justice,_Science,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies</a> (Chairman)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security">Subcommittee on Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Military_Construction,_Veterans_Affairs,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies">Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucuses">Caucuses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Caucuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_on_Turkey_and_Turkish_Americans" title="Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans">Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Constitution_Caucus" title="Congressional Constitution Caucus">Congressional Constitution Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">Republican Study Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Constitution_Caucus" title="Congressional Constitution Caucus">Congressional Constitution Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson had described himself as a "Fiscally conservative 'Jeffersonian Republican'... committed to Thomas Jefferson's vision of limited government, individual liberty, and states' rights."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2018, he had voted with his party in 97.6% of votes in the 115th Congress and voted in line with President Trump's position in 98.6% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Abortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson supported pro-life legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ACORN">ACORN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ACORN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three years after the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now" title="Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now">Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now</a> (ACORN) had been dissolved, Culberson included language in an appropriations bill that said "None of the funds made available in this Act may be distributed to the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) or its subsidiaries or successors."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budget">Budget</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson generally opposed an income tax increase, opposed reducing defense spending in order to balance the budget, opposed federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth, and supported lowering corporate taxes as a means of promoting economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disaster_relief">Disaster relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Disaster relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson was the only Texas Republican to support the $50.7 billion relief effort after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of the U.S. House Appropriations Committee, Culberson has been active in seeking aid in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donald_Trump">Donald Trump</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Donald Trump"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson was the first person to endorse <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016">2016 U.S. presidential primaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2016, Culberson said "I always have and always will support the Republican nominee. The party should unify behind the presumptive nominee, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, to defeat <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, he voted against a resolution that would have directed the House to request 10 years of Trump's tax returns, which would then have been reviewed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> in a closed session.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supports the construction of a wall along the Mexican border, and supports requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Culberson supported President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2017 <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">executive order</a> to suspend the refugee resettlement program and curtail immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries. He stated that "This is a necessary pause in the refugee program until our intelligence agencies can develop adequate background checks to ensure that the people coming into the country are coming in for the right reasons."<sup id="cite_ref-Blake1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson rejects the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has alleged that scientists have falsified climate change data.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has said that "the liberal obsession with climate change... is driven by their desire to raise more money for the government".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opposes cap-and-trade programs and the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supports government funding for the development of renewable energy.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Culberson had a lifetime score of 4% from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guns">Guns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Guns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, Culberson wrote a letter to Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a> threatening to block President Obama's executive order on guns by defunding the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson opposed the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (Obamacare) and supported its repeal.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 4, 2017, Culberson voted to repeal Obamacare and pass the <a href="/wiki/American_Health_Care_Act_of_2017" title="American Health Care Act of 2017">American Health Care Act of 2017</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AHCA would have allowed insurers to charge seniors five times as much for health coverage than younger people (the ACA limit was three times as much) and allowed insurers to raise premiums on individuals with preexisting conditions who did not have continuous coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Culberson said "like 9/11, 'let's roll!'" to describe a vote to make a delay of the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> a condition for funding the government.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_citizenship">Presidential citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Presidential citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, Culberson co-sponsored <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_eligibility_legislation" title="United States presidential eligibility legislation">legislation to enforce citizenship requirements</a> on presidential candidates by requiring all future presidential candidates to provide proof of their citizenship when filing to run for office.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation was in response to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories</a> which questioned the legitimacy of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s birth certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Culberson marked up a 2016 spending bill to include a requirement that the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> direct about 70% of its funding to biology, computing, engineering, and math and physical sciences. The earmarked funds would not cover geoscience and the social and behavioral sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, he expressed concern about foreign-born students coming to the United States to obtain advanced academic degrees and then returning to their countries of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opposes requiring states to adopt federal education standards.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteSmart_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteSmart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Culberson was a strong advocate for the multiple flyby and lander missions to the Jovian moon <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a>. When he lost his seat to his Democratic opponent Lizzie Pannill Fletcher in the 2018 election, support for the lander mission declined.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-space/2019/03/25/former-rep-john-culberson-to-join-clark-hill-lobbying-firm-414350">"Former Rep. John Culberson to join Clark Hill lobbying firm"</a>. Politico. March 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Rep.+John+Culberson+to+join+Clark+Hill+lobbying+firm&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fpolitico-space%2F2019%2F03%2F25%2Fformer-rep-john-culberson-to-join-clark-hill-lobbying-firm-414350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Culberson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frps1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frps1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frps1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205183423/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/culberson.htm">"culberson"</a>. <i>ancestry.com</i>. 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U.S. Congressman John Culberson, 7th District of Texas. 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December 2019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2FPT.3.4353">10.1063/PT.3.4353</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+decadal+surveys%3A+Establishing+policy+for+US+space+science&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2019-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2FPT.3.4353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1063%252FPT.3.4353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Culberson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Culberson&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External 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href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Fox (page does not exist)">Milton Fox</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a><br />from the 125th district </b><br />1987–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Romo" title="Sylvia Romo">Sylvia Romo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Pennington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Pennington (page does not exist)">Randy Pennington</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">Texas House of Representatives</a><br />from the 130th district </b><br />1993–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Callegari" title="Bill Callegari">Bill Callegari</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Bill Archer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Texas07 !"><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 7th congressional district">Texas's 7th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />2001–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">Lizzie Fletcher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Combest" title="Larry Combest">Larry Combest</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Representative</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">Louie Gohmert</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Texas&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_107th–115th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Texas&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_107th–115th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>'s delegation(s) to the 107th–115th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm"><i>P. Gramm</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn"><i>J. Cornyn</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frost" title="Martin Frost">M. Frost</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stenholm" title="Charles Stenholm">C. Stenholm</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon P. Ortiz">S. Ortiz</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">D. Armey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Larry_Combest" title="Larry Combest">L. Combest</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">T. DeLay</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">C. Edwards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bonilla" title="Henry Bonilla">H. Bonilla</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ken_Bentsen_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Bentsen Jr.">K. Bentsen</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Lampson" title="Nick Lampson">N. Lampson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Max_Sandlin" title="Max Sandlin">M. Sandlin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Turner_(politician)" title="Jim Turner (politician)">J. Turner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ciro_Rodriguez" title="Ciro Rodriguez">C. Rodriguez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frost" title="Martin Frost">M. Frost</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stenholm" title="Charles Stenholm">C. Stenholm</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon P. Ortiz">S. Ortiz</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Larry_Combest" title="Larry Combest"><i>L. Combest</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">T. DeLay</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">C. Edwards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bonilla" title="Henry Bonilla">H. Bonilla</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Lampson" title="Nick Lampson">N. Lampson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Max_Sandlin" title="Max Sandlin">M. Sandlin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Turner_(politician)" title="Jim Turner (politician)">J. Turner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ciro_Rodriguez" title="Ciro Rodriguez">C. Rodriguez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bell_(politician)" title="Chris Bell (politician)">C. Bell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer"><i>R. Neugebauer</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon P. Ortiz">S. Ortiz</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay"><i>T. DeLay</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">C. Edwards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bonilla" title="Henry Bonilla">H. Bonilla</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Sekula-Gibbs" title="Shelley Sekula-Gibbs"><i>S. Sekula-Gibbs</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon P. Ortiz">S. Ortiz</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">C. Edwards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Lampson" title="Nick Lampson">N. Lampson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ciro_Rodriguez" title="Ciro Rodriguez">C. Rodriguez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Solomon_P._Ortiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon P. Ortiz">S. Ortiz</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">C. Edwards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ciro_Rodriguez" title="Ciro Rodriguez">C. Rodriguez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">112th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">K. Hutchison</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">R. Paul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">S. Reyes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gonzalez" title="Charlie Gonzalez">C. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Quico_Canseco" title="Quico Canseco">Q. Canseco</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hall" title="Ralph Hall">R. Hall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stockman" title="Steve Stockman">S. Stockman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Gallego" title="Pete Gallego">P. Gallego</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Hinojosa" title="Rubén Hinojosa">R. Hinojosa</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Neugebauer" title="Randy Neugebauer">R. Neugebauer</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold">B. Farenthold</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">W. Hurd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">J. Ratcliffe</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">J. Cornyn</a> (R) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">T. Cruz</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">J. Barton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith" title="Lamar Smith">L. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">S. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">G. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bernice_Johnson" title="Eddie Bernice Johnson">E. B. Johnson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">L. Doggett</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">S. Jackson Lee</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">M. Thornberry</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">K. Brady</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">K. Granger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">P. Sessions</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Culberson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">M. Burgess</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">J. Hensarling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">M. Conaway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">H. Cuellar</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">L. Gohmert</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">A. Green</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Marchant" title="Kenny Marchant">K. Marchant</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">M. McCaul</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Poe" title="Ted Poe">T. Poe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pete_Olson" title="Pete Olson">P. Olson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Blake_Farenthold" title="Blake Farenthold"><i>B. Farenthold</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Flores" title="Bill Flores">B. Flores</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">J. Castro</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">B. O'Rourke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">M. Veasey</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Filemon_Vela_Jr." title="Filemon Vela Jr.">F. Vela Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">R. Weber</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">B. Babin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">W. Hurd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">J. Ratcliffe</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">J. Arrington</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">V. Gonzalez</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud"><i>M. Cloud</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/21px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/42px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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