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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_Midnight_Ride&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Revere's Midnight Ride">Paul Revere's Midnight Ride</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1775 event of the American Revolution</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The British are coming" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_British_are_coming_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The British are coming (disambiguation)">The British are coming (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" redirects here. For the 1860 poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, see <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Ride" title="Paul Revere's Ride">Paul Revere's Ride</a>. For the painting, see <a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Ride_of_Paul_Revere_(painting)" title="The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)">The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg/220px-Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg/330px-Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg/440px-Paul_Revere%27s_ride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>20th-century depiction of Revere's ride</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Paul Revere's Midnight Ride</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Alert_state" title="Alert state">alert</a> given to <a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">minutemen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a> by local <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a> on the night of April 18, 1775, warning them of the approach of <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a> troops prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">battles of Lexington and Concord</a>. In the preceding weeks, Patriots in the region gained wind of a planned crackdown on the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Massachusetts Provincial Congress</a>, then based in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> occupational authorities in the colony. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a> members <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Dawes" title="William Dawes">William Dawes</a> prepared the alert, which began when <a href="/wiki/Robert_Newman_(sexton)" title="Robert Newman (sexton)">Robert Newman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sexton_(office)" title="Sexton (office)">sexton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Old_North_Church" title="Old North Church">Old North Church</a>, used a <a href="/wiki/Lantern" title="Lantern">lantern</a> signal to warn colonists in <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a> of the British Army's advance by way of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>. Revere and Dawes then rode to meet <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Massachusetts" title="Lexington, Massachusetts">Lexington</a>, ten miles away, alerting up to 40 other Patriot riders along the way. Revere and Dawes then headed towards Concord with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prescott" title="Samuel Prescott">Samuel Prescott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trio were <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_Capture_Site" title="Paul Revere Capture Site">intercepted</a> by a British Army patrol in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Massachusetts" title="Lincoln, Massachusetts">Lincoln</a>. Prescott and Dawes escaped but Revere was returned to Lexington by the patrol and freed after questioning. By giving the minutemen advance warning of the British Army's actions, the ride played a crucial role in the Patriot victory in the subsequent battles at Lexington and Concord. The ride has been commemorated in a range of cultural depictions, most notably <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>'s 1861 poem, "<a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Ride" title="Paul Revere's Ride">Paul Revere's Ride</a>", which has shaped popular memory of the event, despite its factual inaccuracies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When British Army activity on April 7, 1775, suggested the possibility of troop movements, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren" title="Joseph Warren">Joseph Warren</a> sent <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a> to warn the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Massachusetts Provincial Congress</a>, then sitting in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>, the site of one of the larger caches of Patriot military supplies. After receiving the warning, Concord residents began moving the military supplies away from the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2010186_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2010186-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One week later, on April 14, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">General Gage</a> received instructions from <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(United_Kingdom)" title="Secretary of State (United Kingdom)">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_2nd_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth</a> (dispatched on January 27), to disarm the rebels, who were known to have hidden weapons in Concord, among other locations, and to imprison the rebellion's leaders, especially <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>. Dartmouth gave Gage considerable discretion in his commands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer199475–76_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer199475–76-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199937–38_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199937–38-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gage issued orders to Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Francis_Smith_(British_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Smith (British officer)">Francis Smith</a> to proceed from Boston "with utmost expedition and <a href="/wiki/Military_secret" class="mw-redirect" title="Military secret">secrecy</a> to Concord, where you will seize and destroy... all Military stores.... But you will take care that the soldiers do not plunder the inhabitants or hurt private property." Gage did not issue written orders for the arrest of rebel leaders, as he feared doing so might spark an uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer199485_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer199485-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Revere_marker,_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG/200px-Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG/300px-Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG/400px-Paul_Revere_marker%2C_Boston_Harbor_IMG_2812.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Paul Revere landing site marker, <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a> waterfront</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 9 and 10 p.m. on the night of April 18, 1775, Joseph Warren told Revere and <a href="/wiki/William_Dawes" title="William Dawes">William Dawes</a> that the king's troops were about to embark in boats from Boston bound for Cambridge and the road to Lexington and Concord. Warren's intelligence suggested that the most likely objectives of the regulars' movements later that night would be the capture of Adams and Hancock. They did not worry about the possibility of regulars marching to Concord, since the supplies at Concord were safe, but they did think their leaders in Lexington were unaware of the potential danger that night. Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent out to warn them and to alert colonial militias in nearby towns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199941–42_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199941–42-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the days before April 18, Revere had instructed <a href="/wiki/Robert_Newman_(sexton)" title="Robert Newman (sexton)">Robert Newman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sexton_(office)" title="Sexton (office)">sexton</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_North_Church" title="Old North Church">North Church</a>, to send a signal by lantern to alert colonists in <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a> as to the movements of British troops when the information became known. In what is well known today by the phrase "one if by land, two if by sea", one lantern in the steeple would signal the British army's choice of the land route, proceeding southwest from Boston by the peninsula of "<a href="/wiki/Boston_Neck" title="Boston Neck">Boston Neck</a>", while two lanterns would signal the route "by water" across the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>. (In the end, the British indeed chose the water route, and therefore two lanterns were placed in the steeple.)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer199499_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer199499-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revere first gave instructions to send the signal to Charlestown. He then crossed the Charles River by rowboat, slipping past the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Somerset_(1748)" title="HMS Somerset (1748)">HMS <i>Somerset</i></a> at anchor. Crossings were banned at that hour, but Revere safely landed in Charlestown and rode to Lexington, avoiding a British patrol and later warning almost every house along the route. The Charlestown colonists dispatched additional riders to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199942–44_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199942–44-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ride">Ride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin,_North_End,_Boston,_MA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG/220px-Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG/330px-Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG/440px-Paul_Revere_Statue_by_Cyrus_E._Dallin%2C_North_End%2C_Boston%2C_MA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Paul_Revere" title="Equestrian statue of Paul Revere">equestrian statue of Paul Revere</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End, Boston</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Dallin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Dallin">Cyrus Dallin</a> was unveiled on September 22, 1940.</figcaption></figure> <p>Riding through present-day <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a>, Revere warned patriots along his route, many of whom set out on horseback to deliver warnings of their own. By the end of the night there were probably as many as 40 riders throughout <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County</a> carrying the news of the army's advance. Revere did not shout the phrase later attributed to him ("The British are coming!"): his mission depended on secrecy, the countryside was filled with British patrols, and most of the colonists in Massachusetts (who were predominantly of <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English descent</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1790census_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1790census-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still considered themselves British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994110_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994110-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonaldMcDonald1980180_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonaldMcDonald1980180-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revere's warning, according to eyewitness accounts of the ride and Revere's own descriptions, was "The <a href="/wiki/British_Regulars" title="British Regulars">Regulars</a> are coming out."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERevere1961_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERevere1961-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his own account, Revere narrowly escaped capture in present-day Somerville near the displayed <a href="/wiki/Mark_Codman" title="Mark Codman">corpse</a> of a <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Massachusetts" title="History of slavery in Massachusetts">slave</a>, a local landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was "After I had passed Charlestown Neck, & got nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark was an enslaved Bostonian who was convicted of <a href="/wiki/Petty_treason" title="Petty treason">petit treason</a> in 1755, the penalty for which was to be dragged and hanged, after which his body was <a href="/wiki/Gibbeting" title="Gibbeting">gibbeted</a> for decades, such that Revere still used the site of Mark's body as a reference point in 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revere continued on and arrived in Lexington around midnight, with Dawes, who had ridden from the south, near Boston Neck, arriving about a half-hour later. They met with Samuel Adams and John Hancock, who were spending the night with Hancock's relatives (in what is now called the <a href="/wiki/Hancock%E2%80%93Clarke_House" title="Hancock–Clarke House">Hancock–Clarke House</a>), and they spent a great deal of time discussing plans of action upon receiving the news. They believed that the forces leaving the city were too large for the sole task of arresting two men and that Concord was the main target.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks199950_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks199950-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lexington men dispatched riders to the surrounding towns, and Revere and Dawes continued along the road to Concord accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prescott" title="Samuel Prescott">Samuel Prescott</a>, a doctor who happened to be in Lexington "returning from a lady friend's house at the awkward hour of 1 a.m."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurrin2002205_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurrin2002205-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ride of the three men triggered a flexible system of "alarm and muster" that had been carefully developed months before, in reaction to the colonists' impotent response to the <a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a> of September 1774. This system was an improved version of an old network of widespread notification and fast deployment of local militia forces in times of emergency. The colonists had periodically used this system all the way back to the early years of <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian wars</a> in the colony, before it fell into disuse in the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>. For rapid communication from town to town—in addition to other express riders delivering messages—bells, drums, alarm guns, bonfires, and a trumpet were used, notifying the rebels in dozens of eastern Massachusetts villages that they should muster their militias because the regulars in numbers greater than 500 were leaving Boston with possible hostile intentions. This system was so effective that people in towns 25 miles (40 km) from Boston were aware of the army's movements while it was still unloading boats in Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994138–145_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994138–145-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike in the Powder Alarm, the alarm raised by the three riders successfully allowed the militia to confront the British troops in Concord, and then harry them all the way back to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETriber1998103–111_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETriber1998103–111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revere, Dawes, and Prescott were detained by a British Army patrol in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Massachusetts" title="Lincoln, Massachusetts">Lincoln</a> at a roadblock on the way to Concord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoatner1975622-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prescott jumped his horse over a wall and escaped into the woods; he eventually reached Concord. Dawes also escaped, though he fell off his horse not long after and did not complete the ride.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994131–132,_144_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994131–132,_144-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revere was captured and questioned by the patrol. He told them of the army's movement from Boston, and that British army troops would be in some danger if they approached Lexington, because of a large number of hostile militia gathered there. He and other prisoners taken by the patrol were still escorted east toward Lexington, until about a half-mile from Lexington they heard a gunshot. A British <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">major</a> demanded Revere explain the gunfire, and Revere replied it was a signal to "alarm the country". As the group drew closer to Lexington, the town bell began to clang rapidly, upon which one of the prisoners proclaimed to the British: "The bell's ringing! The town's alarmed, and you're all dead men!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994136_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994136-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British soldiers gathered and decided not to press further towards Lexington but instead to free the prisoners and head back to warn their commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994133–136,_142–148_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994133–136,_142–148-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British confiscated Revere's horse and rode off to warn the approaching army column. Revere walked to Rev. <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Clarke" title="Jonas Clarke">Jonas Clarke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hancock%E2%80%93Clarke_House" title="Hancock–Clarke House">house</a>, where Hancock and Adams were staying. As the battle on <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Green">Lexington Green</a> unfolded, Revere assisted Hancock and his family in their escape from Lexington, helping to carry a trunk of Hancock's papers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2010198–200_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2010198–200-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A National Park Service map showing the route of the initial Patriot messengers"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg/800px-Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg/1200px-Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg/1600px-Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Concord_Expedition_and_Patriot_Messengers-en.svg" title="File:Concord Expedition and Patriot Messengers-en.svg"> </a></div>A <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> map showing the route of the initial <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriot</a> messengers</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longfellow's_poem"><span id="Longfellow.27s_poem"></span>Longfellow's poem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Longfellow's poem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Ride" title="Paul Revere's Ride">Paul Revere's Ride</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg/170px-Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg/255px-Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg/340px-Paul_Revere_1958_Issue-25c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Revere on 1958 U.S. stamp</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> popularized Paul Revere in "<a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Ride" title="Paul Revere's Ride">Paul Revere's Ride</a>", a poem first published in 1861, over 40 years after Revere's death, and reprinted in 1863 as part of <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_a_Wayside_Inn" title="Tales of a Wayside Inn">Tales of a Wayside Inn</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem opens: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Listen, my children, and you shall hear<br /> Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,<br /> On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five;<br /> Hardly a man is now alive<br /> Who remembers that famous day and year </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Longfellow's poem is not historically accurate, but the inaccuracies were deliberate. Longfellow had researched the historical event, using such works as <a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a>'s <i>History of the United States</i>, but he <a href="/wiki/Artistic_license" title="Artistic license">changed the facts for poetic effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994331_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994331-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem was one of a series in which he sought to create American legends; earlier examples include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Hiawatha" title="The Song of Hiawatha">The Song of Hiawatha</a></i> (1855) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courtship_of_Miles_Standish" title="The Courtship of Miles Standish">The Courtship of Miles Standish</a></i> (1858).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERulandBradbury1991109_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERulandBradbury1991109-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Longfellow was successful in creating a legend: Revere's stature rose significantly in the years following the poem's publication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994333_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994333-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parts of the ride route in Massachusetts are now posted with signs marked "Revere's Ride". The route follows Main Street in <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a>, Broadway and Main Street in <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a>, Main Street and High Street in <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a>, Medford Street to <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a> center, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Boston)">Massachusetts Avenue</a> the rest of the way through Lexington and into Lincoln. Revere's ride is reenacted annually.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revere and Dawes were not the only riders; however, they were the only two to be noted in poetry. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prescott" title="Samuel Prescott">Samuel Prescott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Bissell" title="Israel Bissell">Israel Bissell</a> were also tasked to undertake the mission, Bissell being the person to ride the farthest distance of all. </p><p>A short silent film, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Midnight_Ride_of_Paul_Revere_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (film) (page does not exist)">The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (film)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Midnight_Ride_of_Paul_Revere" class="extiw" title="it:The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere">it</a>]</span></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brabin" title="Charles Brabin">Charles Brabin</a>, was released in 1914 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison,_Inc." title="Thomas A. Edison, Inc.">Thomas A. Edison, Inc.</a> Paul Revere was played by <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Phillips" title="Augustus Phillips">Augustus Phillips</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> references "Paul Revere's horse" in the lyrics of his 1965 song, "<a href="/wiki/Tombstone_Blues" title="Tombstone Blues">Tombstone Blues</a>", the second track on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rock group <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_and_the_Raiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Revere and the Raiders">Paul Revere and the Raiders</a> had considerable popularity from the mid-1960s through the early-1970s. The band's namesake and the organist was born Paul Revere Dick, named after Revere.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song "Me and Paul Revere", written by musician <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> and performed with his bluegrass group Steve Martin and the <a href="/wiki/Steep_Canyon_Rangers" title="Steep Canyon Rangers">Steep Canyon Rangers</a>, was inspired by the tale of Paul Revere's ride and told from the point of view of Revere's horse, Brown Beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American rock band <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a> reference Paul Revere's ride in the song "<a href="/wiki/The_British_Are_Coming_(song)" title="The British Are Coming (song)">The British Are Coming</a>" from their 2014 album <i><a href="/wiki/Everything_Will_Be_Alright_in_the_End" title="Everything Will Be Alright in the End">Everything Will Be Alright In The End</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/11-things-you-may-not-know-about-paul-revere">"10 Things You May Not Know About Paul Revere"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History.com" class="mw-redirect" title="History.com">history.com</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bobdylansongs.co.uk&rft.atitle=Tombstone+Blues+-+Bob+Dylan+Songs&rft.date=2023-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbobdylansongs.co.uk%2Ftombstone-blues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Eder" class="citation web cs1">Bruce Eder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/paul-revere-the-raiders-mn0000750456/biography">"Paul Revere & the Raiders"</a>. AllMusic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+Revere+%26+the+Raiders&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.au=Bruce+Eder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fpaul-revere-the-raiders-mn0000750456%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/07/04/137609359/steve-martin-talks-about-his-fourth-of-july-song">"Steve Martin Talks About His Fourth Of July Song"</a>. <i>All Things Considered</i>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=Steve+Martin+Talks+About+His+Fourth+Of+July+Song&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F07%2F04%2F137609359%2Fsteve-martin-talks-about-his-fourth-of-july-song&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoatner1975" class="citation book cs1">Boatner, Mark Mayo III (1975) [1964]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-r6sNI9dUfYC"><i>Encyclopedia of the American Revolution</i></a>. Library of Military History. New York: David McKay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-00194-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-00194-1"><bdi>978-0-618-00194-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Library+of+Military+History&rft.pub=David+McKay&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-618-00194-1&rft.aulast=Boatner&rft.aufirst=Mark+Mayo+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-r6sNI9dUfYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1999" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Victor (1999). <i>The Boston Campaign: April 1775–March 1776</i>. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-23453-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-23453-3"><bdi>978-0-585-23453-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boston+Campaign%3A+April+1775%E2%80%93March+1776&rft.place=Conshohocken%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Combined+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-585-23453-3&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">Fischer, David Hackett</a> (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195088472"><i>Paul Revere's ride</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-508847-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-508847-6"><bdi>0-19-508847-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Revere%27s+ride&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-508847-6&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195088472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span> This work is extensively footnoted, and contains a voluminous list of primary resources concerning all aspects of the Revere's ride and the battles at Lexington and Concord.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonaldMcDonald1980" class="citation journal cs1">McDonald, Forrest; McDonald, Ellen (April 1980). "The Ethnic Origins of the American People, 1790". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. Third. <b>37</b> (2): 179–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1919495">10.2307/1919495</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919495">1919495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Ethnic+Origins+of+the+American+People%2C+1790&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-199&rft.date=1980-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1919495&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1919495%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Forrest&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2010" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Joel J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revolutionarypau00mill"><i>The Revolutionary Paul Revere</i></a>. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-074-3"><bdi>978-1-59555-074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revolutionary+Paul+Revere&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-074-3&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevolutionarypau00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrin2002" class="citation book cs1">Murrin, John M.; et al. (2002) [1996]. <i>Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877</i>. Florence, Kentucky: Wadsworth–Thomson Learning.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberty%2C+Equality%2C+Power%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People%2C+Volume+I%3A+To+1877&rft.place=Florence%2C+Kentucky&rft.pub=Wadsworth%E2%80%93Thomson+Learning&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Murrin&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRevere1961" class="citation book cs1">Revere, Paul (1961). <i>Paul Revere's Three Accounts of His Famous Ride</i>. Introduction by Edmund Morgan. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9619999-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9619999-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9619999-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Revere%27s+Three+Accounts+of+His+Famous+Ride&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-9619999-0-2&rft.aulast=Revere&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRulandBradbury1991" class="citation book cs1">Ruland, Richard; Bradbury, Malcolm (1991). <i>From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature</i>. New York: Viking.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Puritanism+to+Postmodernism%3A+A+History+of+American+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Ruland&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTriber1998" class="citation book cs1">Triber, Jayne (1998). <i>A True Republican: The Life of Paul Revere</i>. Amherst, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-139-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-139-7"><bdi>978-1-55849-139-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+True+Republican%3A+The+Life+of+Paul+Revere&rft.place=Amherst%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-139-7&rft.aulast=Triber&rft.aufirst=Jayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Revere%27s+midnight+ride" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Paul_Revere" title="Template:Paul Revere"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paul_Revere" title="Template talk:Paul Revere"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paul_Revere" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paul Revere"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paul_Revere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_House" title="Paul Revere House">Paul Revere House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere_bells" title="Revere bells">Revere bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere_Copper_Company" title="Revere Copper Company">Revere Copper Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams_and_Paul_Revere_time_capsule" title="Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule">Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary_Burying_Ground" title="Granary Burying Ground">Granary Burying Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Midnight_Ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Revere's Midnight Ride">Paul Revere's Midnight Ride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_Capture_Site" title="Paul Revere Capture Site">capture site</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Expedition" title="Penobscot Expedition">Penobscot Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Paul_Revere_(APA-248)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Paul Revere (APA-248)">USS <i>Paul Revere</i> (APA-248)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_Mall" title="Paul Revere Mall">Paul Revere Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_Park" title="Paul Revere Park">Paul Revere Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere,_Massachusetts" title="Revere, Massachusetts">Revere, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere%27s_Ride" title="Paul Revere's Ride">Paul Revere's Ride</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_British_Are_Coming_(song)" title="The British Are Coming (song)">The British Are Coming</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Ride_of_Paul_Revere_(painting)" title="The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)">The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Paul_Revere" title="Equestrian statue of Paul Revere">Equestrian statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)" title="Sons of Liberty (miniseries)"><i>Sons of Liberty</i> miniseries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppets_Present...Great_Moments_in_American_History" title="The Muppets Present...Great Moments in American History">The Muppets Present...Great Moments in American History</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren_Revere_(businessman)" title="Joseph Warren Revere (businessman)">Joseph Warren Revere</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren_Revere_(general)" title="Joseph Warren Revere (general)">Joseph Warren Revere</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos_Rivoire" title="Apollos Rivoire">Apollos Rivoire</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&oldid=1251515204">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Revere%27s_midnight_ride&oldid=1251515204</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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