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Six imide–amines of varying structure were" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/12189830/3497931/4108665/s200_pooja.sharma.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/7095340/Effect_of_structure_of_aromatic_imide_amines_on_curing_behavior_and_thermal_stability_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol_A" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic imide–amines having aryl ether, sulfone, and methylene linkages was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Six imide–amines of varying structure were" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71" /> <meta name="description" content="The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic imide–amines having aryl ether, sulfone, and methylene linkages was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Six imide–amines of varying structure were" /> <title>(PDF) Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095340/Effect_of_structure_of_aromatic_imide_amines_on_curing_behavior_and_thermal_stability_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol_A" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739724894000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739724894000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic imide–amines having aryl ether, sulfone, and methylene linkages was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Six imide–amines of varying structure were synthesized by reacting 1 mol of naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (N) or 4,4′-oxodiphthalic anhydride (O) with excess (\u0026amp;gt;2 mol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether [E] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane [M] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone [S]. The imide–amines prepared by reacting O or N with S, M, and E have been designated as OS/NS; OM/NM, and OE/NE, respectively. Structural characterization of imide–amines was done using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The curing behavior of DGEBA in the presence of stoichiometric amount of imide–amines was investigated by recording DSC scans. A broad exothermic transition was observed and the peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the structure of imide–amines. The peak exotherm temperature (Tp) was lowest in case of imide–amines OE and highest in case of imide–amines NS/OS. Thermal stability of isothermally cured DGEBA in the presence of imide–amines was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetry. The char yield was highest for resin cured with imide–amines NE. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Pooja Sharma","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2014-05-19","dateModified":"2015-12-17","datePublished":"2008-01-01","headline":"Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/48601895/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"Journal of Applied Polymer 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Six imide–amines of varying structure were synthesized by reacting 1 mol of naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (N) or 4,4′-oxodiphthalic anhydride (O) with excess (\u003e2 mol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether [E] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane [M] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone [S]. The imide–amines prepared by reacting O or N with S, M, and E have been designated as OS/NS; OM/NM, and OE/NE, respectively. Structural characterization of imide–amines was done using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The curing behavior of DGEBA in the presence of stoichiometric amount of imide–amines was investigated by recording DSC scans. A broad exothermic transition was observed and the peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the structure of imide–amines. The peak exotherm temperature (Tp) was lowest in case of imide–amines OE and highest in case of imide–amines NS/OS. Thermal stability of isothermally cured DGEBA in the presence of imide–amines was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetry. The char yield was highest for resin cured with imide–amines NE. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [12189830]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":48601895,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/48601895/mini_magick20190203-26800-17txrrz.png?1549193668" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Effect of structure of aromatic imide–amines on curing behavior and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12189830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71"><img alt="Profile image of Pooja Sharma" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/12189830/3497931/4108665/s65_pooja.sharma.jpg" />Pooja Sharma</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Journal of Applied Polymer Science</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 7095340; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic imide–amines having aryl ether, sulfone, and methylene linkages was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Six imide–amines of varying structure were synthesized by reacting 1 mol of naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (N) or 4,4′-oxodiphthalic anhydride (O) with excess (>2 mol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether [E] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane [M] or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone [S]. The imide–amines prepared by reacting O or N with S, M, and E have been designated as OS/NS; OM/NM, and OE/NE, respectively. Structural characterization of imide–amines was done using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The curing behavior of DGEBA in the presence of stoichiometric amount of imide–amines was investigated by recording DSC scans. A broad exothermic transition was observed and the peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the structure of imide–amines. The peak exotherm temperature (Tp) was lowest in case of imide–amines OE and highest in case of imide–amines NS/OS. Thermal stability of isothermally cured DGEBA in the presence of imide–amines was evaluated by dynamic thermogravimetry. The char yield was highest for resin cured with imide–amines NE. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the cure kinetics by recording DSC scans at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 8C/min. The peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the heating rate, structure of the dianhydride as well as on the DDS/dianhydride molar ratio. Activation energy of curing reaction as determined in accordance to Ozawa's method was found to be dependent on the structure of anhydride as well as on the ratio of anhydride to amine. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was evaluated using dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. The char yield was highest in case of resins cured using DDS/BTDA mixture or DDS/ NTDA one (0.75 : 0.25; sample EB-1/or EN-1).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing and thermal behavior of DGEBA in presence of dianhydrides and aromatic diamine","attachmentId":116081731,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121113362/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_DGEBA_in_presence_of_dianhydrides_and_aromatic_diamine","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121113362/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_DGEBA_in_presence_of_dianhydrides_and_aromatic_diamine"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="7095338" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095338/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_imide_amines">Curing and thermal behaviour of epoxy resin in the presence of a mixture of imide-amines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12189830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71">Pooja Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The curing behaviour of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was investigated by the dynamic differential scanning calorimetry using varying molar ratios of aromatic imide-amines and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). The imide-amines were prepared by reacting 1 mole of naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (N) and 4,4′-oxodiphthalic anhydride (O) with 2.5 moles of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (E) or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (M) or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (S) and designated as NE/OE or NM/OM or NS/OS. The mixture of the imide-amines and DDS at ratio of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 1:0 were used to investigate the curing behaviour of DGEBA. A single exotherm was observed on curing with mixture of imide-amines and DDS. This clearly shows that the two amines act as co-curing agents. Curing temperatures were higher with imide-amines having sulfone linkage irrespective of anhydride. Curing of DGEBA with mixture of imide-amines and or DDS resulted in a decrease in characteristic curing temperatures. The thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was also evaluated using dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere. The char yield was higher in case of resins cured imide-amines based on N and E. The activation energy of decomposition and integral procedural decomposition temperature were also calculated from the TG data.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing and thermal behaviour of epoxy resin in the presence of a mixture of imide-amines","attachmentId":48601936,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7095338/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_imide_amines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095338/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_imide_amines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="121113283" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121113283/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_aromatic_imide_amines">Curing and thermal behaviour of epoxy resin in the presence of aromatic imide-amines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15448249" href="https://independent.academia.edu/choudharyveena">veena choudhary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper describes the synthesis and characterization of aromatic imide-amines obtained by reacting pyromellitic dianhydride (P)/or benzophenone 3,3′, 4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (B) (1 mol) with excess of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether [E]/or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane [M]/or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone [S] and their use as curing agents for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). Structural characterization of imide-amines was done using FTIR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These aromatic imide-amines were used as curing agents in order to investigate the effect of structure on the curing and thermal behaviour of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). Curing behaviour of DGEBA in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of aromatic imide-amines was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A broad exothermic transition in the temperature range of 180-230°C was observed in all the samples. The peak exotherm temperature (T p) was lowest in case of imide-amines based on B and M and highest in case of imide-amines based on P/or B and S. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was investigated using dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere. The char yield was highest for resin cured with imide-amines based on B and E.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing and thermal behaviour of epoxy resin in the presence of aromatic imide-amines","attachmentId":116081564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121113283/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_aromatic_imide_amines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121113283/Curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_epoxy_resin_in_the_presence_of_aromatic_imide_amines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="7095341" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095341/Curing_kinetics_and_thermal_stability_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol">Curing kinetics and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12189830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71">Pooja Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Curing kinetics of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) in the presence of varying molar ratios of aromatic imide-amines and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were investigated by the dynamic differential scanning calorimetry. The imide-amines were prepared by reacting 1 mole of benzophenone 3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (B) with 2.5 moles of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (E)/ or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (M)/ or 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (S) and designated as BE/ or BM/ or BS. The mixture of imide-amines and DDS at ratio of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 1:0 were used to investigate the curing behaviour of DGEBA. The multiple heating rate method (5, 10, 15 and 20°C min−1) was used to study the curing kinetics of epoxy resins. The peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the heating rate, structure of imide-amines as well as on the ratio of imide-amine: DDS used. A broad exotherm was observed in the temperature range of 180–230°C on curing with mixture of imide-amines and DDS. Curing of DGEBA with mixture of imide-amines and/or DDS resulted in a decrease in characteristic curing temperatures. Activation energy of curing reaction as determined in accordance to the Ozawa’s method was found to be dependent on the structure of amine. The thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was also evaluated using dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere. The char yield was highest in case of resins cured using mixture of DDS: BS (0.25:0.75; EBS-3), DDS: BM (0.5: 0.5; EBM-2) and DDS: BE (0.5: 0.5; EBE-2).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing kinetics and thermal stability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol","attachmentId":48601912,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7095341/Curing_kinetics_and_thermal_stability_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095341/Curing_kinetics_and_thermal_stability_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="21505378" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505378/Studies_on_the_curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_bis_4_carboxyphenyl_dimethyl_silane">Studies on the curing and thermal behaviour of DGEBA in the presence of bis(4-carboxyphenyl) dimethyl silane</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42596805" href="https://iitd.academia.edu/VeenaChoudhary">Veena Choudhary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polymer International, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The curing behaviour of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry using bis(4-carboxyphenyl) dimethyl silane (CPA) as a crosslinking agent and imidazole as a catalyst. Two exotherms were observed in the absence of catalyst in the temperature range 166-328 • C. A significant decrease in the curing temperature was observed when 0.1% imidazole was used as catalyst. Further increase in the concentration of imidazole resulted in a decrease in the peak exotherm temperature. The effect of stoichiometry of functional groups on the curing behaviour of DGEBA was investigated by taking varying mole ratios of CPA, ranging from 1 to 2.5, keeping the concentration of imidazole as 0.1% w/w. The heat of polymerization ( H) was found to be maximum at a molar ratio of 1:1.75 (DGEBA:CPA). Mixtures of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS and CPA or phthalic anhydride (PA) and CPA in ratios of 1:0, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25) were also used to investigate the curing behaviour of DGEBA. A significant decrease in curing temperature of DGEBA/DDS was observed on partially replacing DDS with CPA, whereas marginal change in the curing temperatures was observed on replacing phthalic anhydride with CPA. The thermal stability of epoxy resin, cured isothermally, was evaluated by recording thermogravimetry/dynamic thermogravimetry traces in nitrogen atmosphere. The percentage char yield was highest for the sample cured using 1.75 mole of CPA.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Studies on the curing and thermal behaviour of DGEBA in the presence of bis(4-carboxyphenyl) dimethyl silane","attachmentId":41949098,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21505378/Studies_on_the_curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_bis_4_carboxyphenyl_dimethyl_silane","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505378/Studies_on_the_curing_and_thermal_behaviour_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_bis_4_carboxyphenyl_dimethyl_silane"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="21505344" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505344/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol_A_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_amines">Curing and thermal behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A in the presence of a mixture of amines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42596805" href="https://iitd.academia.edu/VeenaChoudhary">Veena Choudhary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry with mixtures of silicon-containing amideamines and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). Silicon-containing amide-amines were prepared by the reaction of 2.5 mol of 4,4Ј-diaminodiphenyl ether (E), 4,4Ј-diaminodiphenyl methane (M), 3,3Ј-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (mS), 4,4Јdiaminodiphenyl sulfone (pS), bis(3-aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide (B), or tris(3-aminophenyl) phosphine oxide (T) with 1 mol of bis(4-chlorobenzoyl) dimethyl silane. Mixtures of the amide-amines and DDS at ratios of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25, and 1:0 were used to investigate the curing behavior of DGEBA. A single exotherm was observed on curing with a mixture of amide-amine and DDS. This clearly shows that the mixture participated in the cocuring reaction. The peak exotherm temperature de-pended on the structure and the molar ratio of amideamines. With all of the amide-amines and DDS, a significant decrease in the kick-off temperature of the curing exotherm was observed on the incorporation of a 0.25 molar fraction of amide-amines. Thus, with the mixture, the curing temperatures were reduced and were lowest for ether-containing amide-amines and highest for methylene-containing amideamines. The char yield was almost similar in the samples cured with amide-amines (E, pS, or mS) or DDS. The char yield was higher than for either of the constituents when a mixture was used. A synergistic behavior was observed when a mixture of E, M, mS, or pS and DDS was used, whereas mixture of B or T and DDS showed antigonism in the char yield.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing and thermal behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A in the presence of a mixture of amines","attachmentId":41949050,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21505344/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol_A_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_amines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505344/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_diglycidyl_ether_of_bisphenol_A_in_the_presence_of_a_mixture_of_amines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="111370329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111370329/Effect_of_structure_of_diamide_diimide_diamines_based_on_L_methionine_on_curing_behaviour_and_thermal_stability_of_DGEBA">Effect of structure of diamide-diimide-diamines based on L-methionine on curing behaviour and thermal stability of DGEBA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72710647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalhotraPriti">Priti Malhotra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B-organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">New L-methionine-based diacids containing imide units are synthesized via reaction of dianhydride (PMDA/ODA/NTDA) with L-methionine in the presence of a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine (3:2 v/v). A series of diamide-diimide-diamines (DADIDAS) was synthesized by activation of obtained diacids with thionyl chloride (SOCl 2) and then condensation with excess of different aromatic diamines containing ether, methylene and sulfone units via high temperature condensation method. The DADIDAS prepared by reacting PMDA/NTDA/ODA with L-methionine (M) followed by condensation with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyether (E)/ 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (M) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (S) have been designated as PME, PMM, PMS, NME, NMM, NMS, OME, OMM and OMS. The diamide-diimidediamines were examined by FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The curing behaviour of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic diamide-diimidediamines was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The peak exotherm temperature (T P) was lowest in DGEBA cured using PMM and highest in DGEBA cured using NMS. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured DGEBA with diamide-diimide-diamines was investigated using dynamic thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere and it was found that NTDA based diamide-diimide-diamines provide good stability to DGEBA. Char yield was found to be highest in the case of EOMM.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of structure of diamide-diimide-diamines based on L-methionine on curing behaviour and thermal stability of DGEBA","attachmentId":108930572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111370329/Effect_of_structure_of_diamide_diimide_diamines_based_on_L_methionine_on_curing_behaviour_and_thermal_stability_of_DGEBA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111370329/Effect_of_structure_of_diamide_diimide_diamines_based_on_L_methionine_on_curing_behaviour_and_thermal_stability_of_DGEBA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="7095339" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095339/Curing_of_epoxy_resin_using_imide_amines">Curing of epoxy resin using imide-amines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12189830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PoojaSharma71">Pooja Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, using varying molar ratios of imide-amines and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). The imide-amines were prepared by reacting 1 mol of pyromellitic dianhydride (P) with excess (2.5 mol) of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (E), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (M), or 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (S) and designated as PE, PM, PS. Structural characterization was done using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The mixture of imide-amines and DDS at ratio of 0 : 1, 0.25 : 0.75, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.75 : 0.25, and 1 : 0 were used to investigate the curing behavior of DGEBA. The multiple heating rate method (5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min) was used to study the curing kinetics of epoxy resins. The peak exotherm temperature was found to be dependent on the heating rate, structure of imide-amine, and also on the ratio of imide-amine : DDS used. Activation energy was highest in case of epoxy cured using a mixture of DDS : imide-amine of a ratio of 0.75 : 0.25. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured resins was also evaluated in a nitrogen atmosphere using dynamic thermogravimetry. The char yield was highest in case of resins cured using mixture of DDS : PS (0.25 : 0.75; EPS-3), DDS : PM (0.25 : 0.75; EPM-3), and DDS : PE (0.75 : 0.25; EPE-1). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3502–3510, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing of epoxy resin using imide-amines","attachmentId":48601896,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7095339/Curing_of_epoxy_resin_using_imide_amines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7095339/Curing_of_epoxy_resin_using_imide_amines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="21505317" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505317/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_heterocyclic_derivatives_of_stannanes">Curing and thermal behavior of DGEBA in the presence of heterocyclic derivatives of stannanes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42596805" href="https://iitd.academia.edu/VeenaChoudhary">Veena Choudhary</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article describes the synthesis and characterization of heterocyclic derivatives of stannanes obtained by reacting 1 mol of biguanide (B) with 1 mol of phenylethyltindihydride (PED) or phenylmethyltindihydride (PMD) or phenylbutyltindihydride (PBD) or butylmethyltin dihydride (BMD) and their use as curing agents for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). The derivatives so obtained have been designated as BPED or BPMD or BPBD or BBMD. Structural characterization of the derivatives was done by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques, viz. IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 119 Sn NMR. These derivatives were used as curing agents to investigate the effect of structure on the curing and thermal behavior of DGEBA. The curing behavior of DGEBA was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of derivatives. A broad exothermic transition in the temperature range of 180-2328C was observed in all the samples. Thermal stability of epoxy resin, cured isothermally, was evaluated by recording thermogravimetric traces in nitrogen atmosphere. The percent char yield was highest in case of resin sample, DBPMD.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curing and thermal behavior of DGEBA in the presence of heterocyclic derivatives of stannanes","attachmentId":41949031,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21505317/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_heterocyclic_derivatives_of_stannanes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21505317/Curing_and_thermal_behavior_of_DGEBA_in_the_presence_of_heterocyclic_derivatives_of_stannanes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="89757093" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89757093/Studies_of_Cure_Kinetics_and_Chemical_Resistance_of_the_Cured_Products_of_DGEBA_with_Aromatic_Diamines">Studies of Cure Kinetics and Chemical Resistance of the Cured Products of DGEBA with Aromatic Diamines</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51223810" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HosseinBehmadi">Hossein Behmadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An investigation is conducted into the non-isothermal kinetics of the curing reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin with two novel aromatic diamines, 4,4´-diaminostilbene (DAS) and 4,4´-diaminoazobenzene (DAAB), as curing agents. Kinetics analysis of the curing reaction of DGEBA with two different concentrations (29 wt% =0.13 mol% and 19 wt%=0.09 mol%) of the curing agents was studied using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Two methods (Ozawa and Kissinger) for analysis of the scanning DSC data were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters and compared with kinetic parameters obtained from isothermal DSC tests using Kamal method. Activation energies in the range of 52.5-59.5 kJ/mol were obtained for both DGEBA/curing agent systems. The water absorption and resistance of the cured products against solutions of H 2 SO 4 and NaOH were also studied. Water uptake curves for both systems are similar. Weight loss for the cured pro...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Studies of Cure Kinetics and Chemical Resistance of the Cured Products of DGEBA with Aromatic Diamines","attachmentId":93510366,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89757093/Studies_of_Cure_Kinetics_and_Chemical_Resistance_of_the_Cured_Products_of_DGEBA_with_Aromatic_Diamines","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89757093/Studies_of_Cure_Kinetics_and_Chemical_Resistance_of_the_Cured_Products_of_DGEBA_with_Aromatic_Diamines"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":48601895,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":48601895,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_48601895" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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