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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigace </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Navštívit Hlavní stranu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hlavní strana</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Místo, kde najdete pomoc"><span>Nápověda</span></a></li><li id="n-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pot%C5%99ebuji_pomoc" title="Pokud si nevíte rady, zeptejte se ostatních"><span>Potřebuji pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Hled%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hledání</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Turci" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Turci" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Přihlášení</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Další možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobní nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobní nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs"><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Turci" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Turci" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turci</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 98 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Тырку – adygejština" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тырку" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turke" title="Turke – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcos_anatolicos" title="Turcos anatolicos – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turcos anatolicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="أتراك – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أتراك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%90_%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܥܡܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – aramejština" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܡܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="اتراك – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتراك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcos" title="Turcos – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turcos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Туркал – avarština" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_t%C3%BCrkl%C9%99ri" title="Anadolu türkləri – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anadolu türkləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آنادولو تورکلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنادولو تورکلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрөктәр – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрөктәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Туркі – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Туркі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Туркі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Туркі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turci" title="Turci – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcs" title="Turcs – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turcs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Туркой – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BE" title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ – čerokézština" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎬᎾ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%B5" title="تورکەکانی ئەنادۆڵ – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکەکانی ئەنادۆڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Турккăсем – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турккăсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrciaid" title="Tyrciaid – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tyrciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkere" title="Tyrkere – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrken" title="Türken – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rk" title="Tırk – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırk" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9_(%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Τούρκοι (έθνος) – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούρκοι (έθνος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkish people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkoj" title="Turkoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_turco" title="Pueblo turco – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo turco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrklased" title="Türklased – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ترک‌های آناتولی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترک‌های آناتولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkkilaiset" title="Turkkilaiset – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkkilaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcs_(peuple)" title="Turcs (peuple) – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turcs (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turken" title="Turken – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcaigh" title="Turcaigh – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Turcaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkl%C3%A4r" title="Türklär – gagauzština" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türklär" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_turco" title="Pobo turco – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo turco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A2%D7%9D)" title="טורקים (עם) – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקים (עם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turci" title="Turci – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k%C3%B6k" title="Törökök – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թուրքեր – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Turki" title="Orang Turki – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Туркий – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkir" title="Tyrkir – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchi" title="Turchi – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="トルコ人 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თურქები – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Turki" title="Jolma Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Түріктер – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түріктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8" title="튀르키예인 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirk" title="Tirk – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Түрктөр – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түрктөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcae" title="Turcae – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Туьрквер – lezginština" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрквер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rke" title="Törke – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Törke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkai" title="Turkai – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiorka_(vahoaka)" title="Tiorka (vahoaka) – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tiorka (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Туркууд – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Туркууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Turki" title="Orang Turki – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turken" title="Turken – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkarar" title="Tyrkarar – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Туркаг адæм – osetština" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туркаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcy" title="Turcy – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ترک لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcos_(nacionalidade)" title="Turcos (nacionalidade) – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turcos (nacionalidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turko" title="Turko – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turko" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turci" title="Turci – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Турки – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaturukiya" title="Abaturukiya – kiňarwandština" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Abaturukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiňarwandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Туурактар – jakutština" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туурактар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkis_fowk" title="Turkis fowk – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkis fowk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="ترڪ قوم – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪ قوم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turci" title="Turci – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkish people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turci" title="Turci – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqit" title="Turqit – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Turki" title="Urang Turki – sundština" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Urang Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkar" title="Turkar – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waturuki" title="Waturuki – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்கிய மக்கள் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ชาวตุรกี – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkler" title="Türkler – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрекләр – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрекләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Турки – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="ترک قوم – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترک قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turklar" title="Turklar – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Người Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其人 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="თურქეფი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其人 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其人 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84072#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turci" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:Turci" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turci"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turci"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Turci" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Turci" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&oldid=24375250" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Turci&id=24375250&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurci"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurci"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turci"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turci&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_Turkey" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turci" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikicitáty</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84072" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Na tento článek je <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:P%C5%99esm%C4%9Brov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Wikipedie:Přesměrování">přesměrováno</a> heslo <b>Turek</b>. Tento článek je o příslušnících současného národa. Další významy jsou uvedeny na stránkách <a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy">Turkické národy</a> a <a href="/wiki/Turek_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Turek (rozcestník)">Turek (rozcestník)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 22em; border-spacing: 5px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Turci<br />Türkler</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><table border="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Nasreddin_(17th-century_miniature).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg/60px-Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg/90px-Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg/120px-Nasreddin_%2817th-century_miniature%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="555" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Statue_of_Yunus_Emre,_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg/47px-Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="47" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg/71px-Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg/94px-Statue_of_Yunus_Emre%2C_Eski%C5%9Fehir_05_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Piri_reis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Piri_reis.jpg/48px-Piri_reis.jpg" decoding="async" width="48" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Piri_reis.jpg/72px-Piri_reis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Piri_reis.jpg/97px-Piri_reis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg/60px-Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg/90px-Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg/120px-Aziz_Sancar_0060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="3293" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasreddin" title="Nasreddin">Nasreddin</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Junus_Emre" title="Junus Emre">Junus Emre</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Piri_Reis" title="Piri Reis">Piri Reis</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gazi_Ya%C5%9Fargil" title="Gazi Yaşargil">Gazi Yaşargil</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg/60px-Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg/90px-Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg/120px-Ali_Mehmet_Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:GSabanci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/GSabanci.jpg/52px-GSabanci.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/GSabanci.jpg/77px-GSabanci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/GSabanci.jpg/103px-GSabanci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg/56px-Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg" decoding="async" width="56" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg/84px-Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg/112px-Zeynep_Tufekci_crop.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Halide_adivar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halide_adivar.jpg/58px-Halide_adivar.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halide_adivar.jpg/86px-Halide_adivar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Halide_adivar.jpg/115px-Halide_adivar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Nazim_Hikmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nazim_Hikmet.jpg/60px-Nazim_Hikmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nazim_Hikmet.jpg/90px-Nazim_Hikmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nazim_Hikmet.jpg/120px-Nazim_Hikmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6r" title="Celâl Şengör">Celâl Şengör</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCler_Sabanc%C4%B1" title="Güler Sabancı">Güler Sabancı</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Zeynep_Tufekci" title="Zeynep Tufekci">Zeynep Tufekci</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Halide_Edib_Ad%C4%B1var" title="Halide Edib Adıvar">Halide Edib Adıvar</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Hikmet" title="Nâzım Hikmet">Nâzım Hikmet</a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Ahmet_Ertegun_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg/101px-Ahmet_Ertegun_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/50px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/75px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/100px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1955" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg/46px-ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="46" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg/70px-ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg/93px-ElifShafak_Ask_EbruBilun_Wiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1808" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Tarkan_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tarkan_%289%29.jpg/50px-Tarkan_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tarkan_%289%29.jpg/76px-Tarkan_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tarkan_%289%29.jpg/101px-Tarkan_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg/59px-Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg" decoding="async" width="59" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg/89px-Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg/119px-Mesut_%C3%96zil_at_Baku_before_2019_UEFA_Europe_League_Final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="616" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Erteg%C3%BCn" title="Ahmet Ertegün">Ahmet Ertegün</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Elif_%C5%9Eafakov%C3%A1" title="Elif Şafaková">Elif Şafaková</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tarkan" title="Tarkan">Tarkan</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mesut_%C3%96zil" title="Mesut Özil">Mesut Özil</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Populace</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">cca 63–70 miliónů</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Země s významnou populací</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko"><img alt="Turecko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecko</a> 55 485 000–59 000 000 milionů<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KONDA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KONDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo"><img alt="Německo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo">Německo</a></th><td>3 500 000–4 000 000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1k" title="Irák"><img alt="Irák" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1k" title="Irák">Irák</a></th><td>500 000–3 000 000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie"><img alt="Sýrie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie">Sýrie</a></th><td>1 500 000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko"><img alt="Bulharsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko">Bulharsko</a></th><td>746 664<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie"><img alt="Francie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie">Francie</a></th><td>500 000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Spojené království"><img alt="Spojené království" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Spojené království">Spojené království</a></th><td>500 000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké"><img alt="Spojené státy americké" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">USA</a></th><td>500 000<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nizozemsko" title="Nizozemsko"><img alt="Nizozemsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nizozemsko" title="Nizozemsko">Nizozemí</a></th><td>400 000<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span style="display:none">Severní Kypr</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Kypr" title="Severní Kypr"><img alt="Severní Kypr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Kypr" title="Severní Kypr">Severní Kypr</a></span></th><td>260 000<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rakousko" title="Rakousko"><img alt="Rakousko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rakousko" title="Rakousko">Rakousko</a></th><td>250 000<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgie" title="Belgie"><img alt="Belgie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/17px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/27px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgie" title="Belgie">Belgie</a></th><td>200 000<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lie" title="Austrálie"><img alt="Austrálie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lie" title="Austrálie">Austrálie</a></th><td>150 000<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98ecko" title="Řecko"><img alt="Řecko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%98ecko" title="Řecko">Řecko</a></th><td>130 000<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%BAdsk%C3%A1_Ar%C3%A1bie" title="Saúdská Arábie"><img alt="Saúdská Arábie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%BAdsk%C3%A1_Ar%C3%A1bie" title="Saúdská Arábie">Saúdská Arábie</a></th><td>120 000<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%BDcarsko" title="Švýcarsko"><img alt="Švýcarsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%BDcarsko" title="Švýcarsko">Švýcarsko</a></th><td>100 000<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko"><img alt="Rusko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusko</a></th><td>100 000<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span style="display:none">Severní Makedonie</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Makedonie" title="Severní Makedonie"><img alt="Severní Makedonie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Makedonie" title="Severní Makedonie">Severní Makedonie</a></span></th><td>80 000<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsko" title="Švédsko"><img alt="Švédsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%A9dsko" title="Švédsko">Švédsko</a></th><td>70 000<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1nsko" title="Dánsko"><img alt="Dánsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1nsko" title="Dánsko">Dánsko</a></th><td>60 000<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81zerb%C3%A1jd%C5%BE%C3%A1n" title="Ázerbájdžán"><img alt="Ázerbájdžán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81zerb%C3%A1jd%C5%BE%C3%A1n" title="Ázerbájdžán">Ázerbájdžán</a></th><td>50 000<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></th><td>50 000<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rumunsko" title="Rumunsko"><img alt="Rumunsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rumunsko" title="Rumunsko">Rumunsko</a></th><td>44 500<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span style="display:none">Egypt</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></span></th><td>40 000<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;;text-align:left"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael"><img alt="Izrael" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izrael</a></th><td>20 000<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Jazyk(y)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina">turečtina</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Náboženství</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">převážně <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">Islám</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sunnit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnité">Sunnité</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alevit%C3%A9" title="Alevité">Alevité</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bekta%C5%A1%C3%ADja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektašíja">Bektašíja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1ctn%C3%ADci" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvanáctníci">dvanáctníci</a> • <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEa%27farovsk%C3%BD_mazhab" title="Dža'farovský mazhab">Dža'fari</a>)</small><br /> Menšiny <a href="/wiki/Bez_vyzn%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Bez vyznání">bez vyznání</a><sup id="cite_ref-KONDA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KONDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> • <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Křesťanství">Křesťanství</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> • <a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">Judaismus</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;">Příbuzné národy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Ostatní <a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy">Turkické národy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turci</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ture%C4%8Dtina" title="Turečtina">turecky</a> <i>Türk</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mno%C5%BEn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Množné číslo">pl.</a> <i>Türkler</i>) jsou <a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy">turkická</a> <a href="/wiki/Etnikum" title="Etnikum">etnická skupina</a>, která žije převážně v <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecku</a> a bývalých územích <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše">Osmanské říše</a> jako např. na <a href="/wiki/Balk%C3%A1n" title="Balkán">Balkánském poloostrově</a> (více než 1 milion), na <a href="/wiki/Kypr" title="Kypr">Kypru</a>, v <a href="/wiki/Gruzie" title="Gruzie">Gruzii</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%98ecko" title="Řecko">Řecku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1k" title="Irák">Iráku</a> a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie">Sýrii</a>. Velké turecké komunity, v důsledku migrace, existují také v <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Evropa" title="Západní Evropa">západní Evropě</a> (zejména v Německu – kam v <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">padesátých</a> letech <a href="/wiki/20._stolet%C3%AD" title="20. století">20. století</a> mohutně emigrovali). Většina Turků je <a href="/wiki/Sunna" title="Sunna">sunnitského</a> vyznání <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islámu</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Osmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmani">Osmani</a> jsou Turci, kteří útočili na Evropu od <a href="/wiki/14._stolet%C3%AD" title="14. století">14.</a> do <a href="/wiki/17._stolet%C3%AD" title="17. století">17. století</a>. (Viz <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše">Osmanská říše</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Anadolu_Beylikleri.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anadolu_Beylikleri.png/220px-Anadolu_Beylikleri.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anadolu_Beylikleri.png/330px-Anadolu_Beylikleri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Anadolu_Beylikleri.png/440px-Anadolu_Beylikleri.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>Mapa nezávislých tureckých beyliků v Malé Asii na začátku 14. století</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/220px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/330px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/440px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše">Osmanská říše</a> byla turkickým impériem mezi lety 1299 až 1922.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Turkish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Turci ve světě</figcaption></figure> <p>Turci patří pod <a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy">turkické národy</a>, které původem pocházejí ze <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_Asie" title="Střední Asie">střední Asie</a> a první zmínky o nich máme od <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Byzantská říše">byzantských</a> spisovatelů ze dne 6. stol. po Kr. Šlo o <a href="/wiki/Nom%C3%A1d" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomád">nomádské</a> kmeny jazykově a rasově příbuzné <a href="/wiki/Hunov%C3%A9" title="Hunové">Hunům</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ava%C5%99i" title="Avaři">Avarům</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protobulha%C5%99i" title="Protobulhaři">starým Bulharům</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Fa%C5%99i" title="Maďaři">starým Maďarům</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata%C5%99i" title="Tataři">Tatarům</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mongolov%C3%A9" title="Mongolové">Mongolům</a>. Byzancí byli často používáni jako žoldáci. Mnozí Turci sloužili ve vojskách arabských chalífů, kde zároveň přestoupili na <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islám</a>. Tak vznikli <a href="/wiki/Seld%C5%BEukov%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Seldžukové">seldžukové</a>, kteří ovládli byzantské území <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestiny</a> a mnohé části <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A1_Asie" title="Malá Asie">Malé Asie</a>, což vedlo ke <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99i%C5%BE%C3%A1ck%C3%A9_v%C3%BDpravy" class="mw-redirect" title="Křižácké výpravy">křižáckým válkám</a>. V roce 1204 však křižáci dobyli křesťanskou Byzantskou říši. Turci zůstali usazeni na mnoha územích střední a východní Malé Asie, na západě přežil řecký stát, nástupce Byzance <a href="/wiki/Nik%C3%A1jsk%C3%A9_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Nikájské císařství">Nikájské císařství</a>. Síla seldžuckých Turků byla definitivně potlačena jejich příbuznými <a href="/wiki/Mongolov%C3%A9" title="Mongolové">Mongoly</a>. </p><p>Ve <a href="/wiki/13._stolet%C3%AD" title="13. století">13. století</a> se zároveň vytvořila tzv. <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_dynastie" title="Osmanská dynastie">Osmanská dynastie</a>, kterou založil <a href="/wiki/Osman_I." title="Osman I.">Osman I.</a>, Turek z maloasijské <a href="/wiki/Bith%C3%BDnie" title="Bithýnie">Bithýnie</a>, který zároveň založil národ Osmanských Turků. Osmani postupně ovládli všechna maloasijská území nově vzniklé Byzance, zaútočili na <a href="/wiki/Balk%C3%A1n" title="Balkán">Balkán</a> a v roce 1453 dobyli <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopol" title="Konstantinopol">Konstantinopol</a>, čímž padla <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Byzantská říše">Byzantská říše</a>, jejíž nástupcem se stala právě <a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše">Osmanská říše</a>. V 13. a 14. století však v Malé Asii nežilo mnoho tureckých rodin a po zničení Byzantské říše bylo turecké obyvatelstvo jen slabou menšinou. Většina maloasijského obyvatelstva byla tvořena <a href="/wiki/%C5%98ekov%C3%A9" title="Řekové">Řeky</a> (téměř 80 %), dále zde žili zejména <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9ni" title="Arméni">Arméni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asy%C5%99an%C3%A9" title="Asyřané">Asyřané</a> a v menší míře <a href="/wiki/Kurdov%C3%A9" title="Kurdové">Kurdové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazov%C3%A9" title="Lazové">Lazové</a> a <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDid%C3%A9" title="Židé">Židé</a>. Řekové, Arméni, Asyřané a Lazové byli <a href="/wiki/Pravoslav%C3%AD" title="Pravoslaví">ortodoxní křesťané</a>, Kurdové byli <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrismus" title="Zoroastrismus">zoroastriáni</a>. Mezi 16.–17. století začíná velká <a href="/wiki/Islamizace" title="Islamizace">islamizace</a> řeckého a arménského obyvatelstva Malé Asie, většina z nich kvůli mnoha výhodám (např. nižší daně) dobrovolně přestupovala na islám a ztratila svůj jazyk ve prospěch turečtiny. Tak už začátkem <a href="/wiki/18._stolet%C3%AD" title="18. století">18. století</a> zůstali křesťanští Řekové jen na maloasijských pobřežích a ve vnitrozemských velkoměstech. Navíc se toto islamizované obyvatelstvo mísilo se sem vnitřně vysídlenými <a href="/wiki/Arabov%C3%A9" title="Arabové">arabskými</a> muslimy a odvedenými <a href="/wiki/Jani%C4%8D%C3%A1%C5%99i" title="Janičáři">janičáry</a> z různých oblastí Osmanské říše. Samotní osmanští sultáni byli již od 14. století různého etnického původu. Osmanská dynastie měla turecký, řecký, gruzínský a francouzský původ, ačkoli se hlásila pouze k tureckým tradicím. </p><p>Moderní Turecký národ se od doby prvního premiéra <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecké republiky</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafy Kemala Atatürka</a> hlásí právě ke svým předtureckým kořenům a snaží se ztotožnit zejména se starověkými civilizacemi Malé Asie, jako <a href="/wiki/%C5%98ekov%C3%A9" title="Řekové">Řekové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chetit%C3%A9" title="Chetité">Chetité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%BDgie" title="Frýgie">Frýgie</a> či <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3ja" title="Trója">Trójani</a>, ačkoli někteří nacionalisté toto spojování odmítají. Po výměně obyvatel s Řeckem a Bulharskem v 20. letech 20. století přišlo do Turecka mnoho jazykově rozdílných muslimů (<a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m_v_%C5%98ecku" title="Islám v Řecku">řečtí muslimové</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arumuni" title="Arumuni">Arumuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovan%C3%A9" title="Slované">Slované</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A1nci" title="Albánci">Albánci</a>), kteří se tradičně považovali za Turky. Právě počátkem 20. století, po rozpadu Osmanské říše a vzniku Turecké republiky se utvořil moderní turecký národ, který již nebyl postaven na islámu, jako během osmanské doby, ale na turecké národní identitě – sám Atatürk byl ateista. Je však pravdou, že Atatürk genocidami na Řecích a následné výměně obyvatel mezi Řeckem a Tureckem v roce 1923 fakticky „očistil“ Turecko od drtivé většiny křesťanů. Někteří ortodoxní křesťané, tzv. <a href="/wiki/Karamanlidi" title="Karamanlidi">Karamanlidi</a>, byli potomci jazykově poturčených Řeků, tedy za mateřský jazyk měli turečtinu, ale uchovali si řecké náboženství. Tito obyvatelé mohli být teoreticky zakomponováni do moderního tureckého národa, ale byli přinuceni odejít do Řecka, společně s řecky mluvícími Řeky. Naopak do tureckého národa byly znovu zakomponováni mnozí muslimové různého jazykového původu, což bylo odkazem na osmanskou kulturní identitu, kdy by Turci do svého národa těžko přijali křesťany. </p><p>Genetická analýza tureckého národa provedená <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cavalli-Sforza" title="Luigi Cavalli-Sforza">L. Cavallim-Sforzou</a> potvrdila, že moderní obyvatelé Turecka jsou hlavně potomci původního středomořského starověkého obyvatelstva. Turkicko-asijský původ byl objeven jen u 10 % Turků, kteří pocházejí hlavně z východního a středního Turecka a liší se od většinového obyvatelstva mongoloidní rysy obličeje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kultura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote">Související informace naleznete také v článku <a href="/wiki/Tureck%C3%BD_z%C3%A1chod" title="Turecký záchod">Turecký záchod</a>.</div> <p>Turecká kultura vznikla mezi 14.–16. stoletím. Vychází zejména z původní <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_kultura" title="Byzantská kultura">byzantské řecké kultury</a>, obohacené o silné vlivy od <a href="/wiki/Per%C5%A1an%C3%A9" title="Peršané">Peršanů</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabov%C3%A9" title="Arabové">Arabů</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9ni" title="Arméni">Arménů</a> a <a href="/wiki/Indov%C3%A9" title="Indové">Indů</a>. Známá je hlavně turecká osmanská architektura, která mísí vlivy byzantské a arabsko-perské, později i západoevropské. Nejznámějším osmanským architektem byl <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan" title="Mimar Sinan">Mimar Sinan</a>, poturčený Kapadocký Řek. Známý architekt byl i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedefkar_Mehmed_Agha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedefkar Mehmed Agha (stránka neexistuje)">Sedefkar Mehmed Agha</a>, původem <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A1nci" title="Albánci">Albánec</a>. Tradiční osmanské domy skládaly z kombinace vkusného dřeva a zdiva, tento typ byl prevzaný od Peršanů, stejně tak pestré zahrady. </p><p>Turecká hudba je velmi rozmanitá a její původ je převážně byzantský řecký s perskými prvky. Lidové tance jsou také převážně původní byzantské, nejznámější jsou tance <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrtos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrtos (stránka neexistuje)">Sirte</a> (totožné s řeckým Syrtos, jehož původ je ještě starořecký), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zembekiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zembekiko (stránka neexistuje)">Zeybek</a> (řecké Zembekiko), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasapiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasapiko (stránka neexistuje)">Kasap Havası</a> (byzantského řeckého původu) či <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsifteteli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsifteteli (stránka neexistuje)">Çiftetelli</a> (řecký Tsifteteli), což je orientální ženský tanec, zmíněný u mnoha starověkých národů. Tradiční hudební nástroje byly převzaty z byzantské doby a jejich původ můžeme vystopovat u původních starověkých národů. Jsou to strunné <a href="/wiki/Saz" title="Saz">baglama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buzuki" title="Buzuki">buzuki</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kanonaki" title="Kanonaki">kanonaki</a>. Používají se i smyčcové <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemen%C3%A7e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemençe (stránka neexistuje)">kemençe</a> a evropské <a href="/wiki/Housle" title="Housle">housle</a>. Z dechových nástrojů jsou to <a href="/wiki/Zurna" title="Zurna">zurna</a> a <a href="/wiki/Klarinet" title="Klarinet">klarinet</a>. Používá se i buben (tumberlek) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krusta (stránka neexistuje)">krusta</a>. Převažují hlavně strunné nástroje, ostatní jsou jako doprovod, přestože se turecká hudba významně liší s ohledem na zeměpisné lokality. Známým zpěvákem tradiční hudby byla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne%C5%9Fet_Erta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neşet Ertaş (stránka neexistuje)">Neşet Ertaş</a> a zpěvačka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candan_Er%C3%A7etin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candan Erçetin (stránka neexistuje)">Candan Erçetin</a>. Většina Turků je islámského vyznání, do 20. stol. bylo u mnoha národů Osmanské říše slovo „Turek“ fakticky synonymem pro muslima, proto neexistovali žádní křesťanští Turci. Dnes jsou křesťané v Turecku hlavně řecké a arménské národnosti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Milliyet. 55 milyon kişi 'etnik olarak' Türk. <i>www.milliyet.com.tr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/03/22/guncel/agun.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2011-07-21].</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.milliyet.com.tr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2007%2F03%2F22%2Fguncel%2Fagun.html&rft.atitle=55+milyon+ki%C5%9Fi+%27etnik+olarak%27+T%C3%BCrk&rft.au=Milliyet"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_news" title="Šablona:Cite news">Cite news</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KONDA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-KONDA_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KONDA_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">KONDA Research and Consultancy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030040406/http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ttya_en.pdf">Social Structure Survey 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. <i>Country Profile: Turkey</i> [online]. [cit. 2010-02-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkey.pdf">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FTurkey.pdf&rft.au=Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Federal+Research+Division"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">CIA. The World Factbook. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702111626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2017-07-02.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Ftu.html&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.au=CIA"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_news" title="Šablona:Cite news">Cite news</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Archivovaná kopie</i> [online]. [cit. 2011-07-30]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722045735/http://www.europeaninstitute.org/October-2010/merkel-stokes-immigration-debate-in-germany.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2011-07-22.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Archivovan%C3%A1+kopie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeaninstitute.org%2FOctober-2010%2Fmerkel-stokes-immigration-debate-in-germany.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KÖTTER, I; VONTHEIN, R; GÜNAYDIN, I; MÜLLER, C; KANZ, L; ZIERHUT, M; STÜBIGER, N. <i>Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 528</i>. Redakce Zouboulis Christos (ed.). [s.l.]: Springer, 2003. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0306477572" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0306477572"><span class="ISBN">0306477572</span></a></span>. Kapitola Behçet's Disease in Patients of German and Turkish Origin- A Comparative Study, s. 55.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Experimental+Medicine+and+Biology%2C+Volume+528&rft.isbn=0306477572&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6tter&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Vonthein%2C+R&rft.au=G%C3%BCnaydin%2C+I&rft.atitle=Beh%C3%A7et%27s+Disease+in+Patients+of+German+and+Turkish+Origin-+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=55"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Citation" title="Šablona:Citation">Citation</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">HAVILAND, William A.; PRINS, Harald E. L.; WALRATH, Dana; MCBRIDE, Bunny. <i>Anthropology: The Human Challenge</i>. [s.l.]: Cengage Learning, 2010. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0495810843" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0495810843"><span class="ISBN">0495810843</span></a></span>. S. 675.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Anthropology%3A+The+Human+Challenge&rft.isbn=0495810843&rft.aulast=Haviland&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft.au=Prins%2C+Harald+E.+L.&rft.au=Walrath%2C+Dana&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=675"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Citation" title="Šablona:Citation">Citation</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">PARK, Bill. <i>Turkey's Policy Towards Northern Iraq: Problems and Perspectives</i>. [s.l.]: Taylor & Francis, 2005. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0415382971" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0415382971"><span class="ISBN">0415382971</span></a></span>. S. 36.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Policy+Towards+Northern+Iraq%3A+Problems+and+Perspectives&rft.isbn=0415382971&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=36"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Citation" title="Šablona:Citation">Citation</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KIBAROĞLU, Mustafa; KIBAROĞLU, Ayșegül; HALMAN, Talât Sait. <i>Global Security Watch Turkey: A Reference Handbook</i>. [s.l.]: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0313345600" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0313345600"><span class="ISBN">0313345600</span></a></span>. S. 165.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Global+Security+Watch+Turkey%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.isbn=0313345600&rft.aulast=Kibaro%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft.au=Kibaro%C4%9Flu%2C+Ay%C8%99eg%C3%BCl&rft.au=Halman%2C+Tal%C3%A2t+Sait&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=165"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Citation" title="Šablona:Citation">Citation</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Suriyeli Türkler</i> [online]. Aksiyon Dergisi [cit. 2009-01-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420115822/http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=22997">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 20-04-2009. (turecky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Suriyeli+T%C3%BCrkler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aksiyon.com.tr%2Fdetay.php%3Fid%3D22997&rft.pub=Aksiyon+Dergisi"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KARPAT, Kemal. <i>Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History</i> [online]. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=082osLxyBDgC&pg=PA424&lpg=PA424&dq=800,000+turkish+in+bulgaria&source=web&ots=3QJQyGf5b8&sig=uBLxi2JTgdmxdHBrgAH7s2Pb35A&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPA424,M1">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Studies+on+Ottoman+Social+and+Political+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D082osLxyBDgC%26pg%3DPA424%26lpg%3DPA424%26dq%3D800%2C000%2Bturkish%2Bin%2Bbulgaria%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3D3QJQyGf5b8%26sig%3DuBLxi2JTgdmxdHBrgAH7s2Pb35A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D10%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA424%2CM1&rft.aulast=Karpat&rft.aufirst=Kemal&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">GULCAN, Nilgun. <i>Population of Turkish Diaspora</i> [online]. [cit. 2006-04-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=29895">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Population+of+Turkish+Diaspora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D29895&rft.aulast=Gulcan&rft.aufirst=Nilgun"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Diplomatic Observer. <i>HISTORY IS WRITTEN BY DIFFERENCES; DIFFERENCES MAKE HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-17]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426235940/http://www.diplomaticobserver.com/news_read.asp?id=1761">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-04-26.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=HISTORY+IS+WRITTEN+BY+DIFFERENCES%3B+DIFFERENCES+MAKE+HISTORY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomaticobserver.com%2Fnews_read.asp%3Fid%3D1761&rft.au=Diplomatic+Observer"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Islam, Europe's Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape</i> [online]. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=x3gvJiiCCB8C&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=550000+turks+in+france&source=web&ots=V6rQtT4qIE&sig=KViIzU2k_tYsPvL7cuG9vFFIlT0">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+Europe%27s+Second+Religion%3A+The+New+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Political+Landscape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx3gvJiiCCB8C%26pg%3DPA6%26lpg%3DPA6%26dq%3D550000%2Bturks%2Bin%2Bfrance%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DV6rQtT4qIE%26sig%3DKViIzU2k_tYsPvL7cuG9vFFIlT0&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Todays ZAMAN. <i>Ankara Continues to Criticize Genocide Bill</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=37334">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Ankara+Continues+to+Criticize+Genocide+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Ftz-web%2Fdetaylar.do%3Fload%3Ddetay%26link%3D37334&rft.au=Todays+ZAMAN"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Federation of Turkish Associations UK. <i>BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FEDERATION OF TURKISH ASSOCIATIONS IN UK</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091209184212/http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=31">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-12-09.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=BRIEF+HISTORY+OF+THE+FEDERATION+OF+TURKISH+ASSOCIATIONS+IN+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishfederationuk.com%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D26%26Itemid%3D31&rft.au=Federation+of+Turkish+Associations+UK"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. <i>Immigration and Ethnicity: Turks</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326092411/http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=TIC">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2017-03-26.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Ethnicity%3A+Turks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fech.case.edu%2Fech-cgi%2Farticle.pl%3Fid%3DTIC&rft.au=Encyclopedia+of+Cleveland+History"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">TURKISH SOCIETY OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. <i>About Turkish Society of Rochester</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019104055/http://www.tsor.org/aboutus.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-10-19.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=About+Turkish+Society+of+Rochester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsor.org%2Faboutus.html&rft.au=TURKISH+SOCIETY+OF+ROCHESTER%2C+NEW+YORK"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">CBS StatLine. <i>Netherlands population by origin and generation</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLEN&PA=37325eng&D1=0&D2=225&D3=0&D4=a&D5=a&HD=080625-1245&LA=EN">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Netherlands+population+by+origin+and+generation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatline.cbs.nl%2FStatWeb%2Fpublication%2F%3FVW%3DT%26DM%3DSLEN%26PA%3D37325eng%26D1%3D0%26D2%3D225%26D3%3D0%26D4%3Da%26D5%3Da%26HD%3D080625-1245%26LA%3DEN&rft.au=CBS+StatLine"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Netherlands Info Services. <i>Dutch Queen Tells Turkey "First Steps Taken" On EU Membership Road</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113011501/http://www.nisnews.nl/public/010307_2.htm">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-01-13.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Dutch+Queen+Tells+Turkey+%22First+Steps+Taken%22+On+EU+Membership+Road&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisnews.nl%2Fpublic%2F010307_2.htm&rft.au=Netherlands+Info+Services"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Dutch News. <i>Dutch Turks swindled, AFM to investigate</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2007/03/dutch_turks_swindled_afm_to_in.php">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Dutch+Turks+swindled%2C+AFM+to+investigate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutchnews.nl%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F2007%2F03%2Fdutch_turks_swindled_afm_to_in.php&rft.au=Dutch+News"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Nusfus Ayimi. <i>The press statement of Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer on the tentative results of 2006 population and housing census (5 May 2006)</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/population%20%20and%20housing%20%20census.pdf">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+press+statement+of+Prime+Minister+Ferdi+Sabit+Soyer+on+the+tentative+results+of+2006+population+and+housing+census+%285+May+2006%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnufussayimi.devplan.org%2Fpopulation%2520%2520and%2520housing%2520%2520census.pdf&rft.au=Nusfus+Ayimi"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Association of Turkish Cypriots Abroad. <i>ATCA news: National census held on 01/05/06 records a population of 264,172</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513011101/http://www.atcanews.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=27">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-05-13.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=ATCA+news%3A+National+census+held+on+01%2F05%2F06+records+a+population+of+264%2C172&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atcanews.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D161%26Itemid%3D27&rft.au=Association+of+Turkish+Cypriots+Abroad"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Großer Türkenanteil in Österreich. <i>www.turkischegemeinde.at</i> [online]. [cit. 06-01-2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113091440/http://www.turkischegemeinde.at/Pressemitteilungen/Grosser-Tuerkenanteil-in-Oesterreich.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 13-01-2009.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.turkischegemeinde.at&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkischegemeinde.at%2FPressemitteilungen%2FGrosser-Tuerkenanteil-in-Oesterreich.html&rft.atitle=Gro%C3%9Fer+T%C3%BCrkenanteil+in+%C3%96sterreich"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Guardian. <i>Austria is not a racist country</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/13/eu.austria">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Austria+is+not+a+racist+country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2005%2Foct%2F13%2Feu.austria&rft.au=Guardian"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">King Baudouin Foundation. <i>Belgian-Turks A Bridge or a Breach between Turkey and the European Union?</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080626010313/http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/05)_Pictures,_documents_and_external_sites/09)_Publications/%20KBS%E2%80%A2Belgian-Turks%20GB_All%20in(1).pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-06-26.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Belgian-Turks+A+Bridge+or+a+Breach+between+Turkey+and+the+European+Union%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbs-frb.be%2FuploadedFiles%2FKBS-FRB%2F05%29_Pictures%2C_documents_and_external_sites%2F09%29_Publications%2F%2520KBS%25E2%2580%25A2Belgian-Turks%2520GB_All%2520in%281%29.pdf&rft.au=King+Baudouin+Foundation"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">King Baudouin Foundation. <i>Turkish communities and the EU</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090225081535/http://www.kbs-frb.be/uploadedFiles/KBS-FRB/18)_Website_static_Content/Enews/International_newsletter_7_(May_2008).pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-02-25.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Turkish+communities+and+the+EU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbs-frb.be%2FuploadedFiles%2FKBS-FRB%2F18%29_Website_static_Content%2FEnews%2FInternational_newsletter_7_%28May_2008%29.pdf&rft.au=King+Baudouin+Foundation"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Sydney Morning Herald. <i>Old foes, new friends</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Old-foes-new-friends/2005/04/22/1114152326767.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Old+foes%2C+new+friends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2FWorld%2FOld-foes-new-friends%2F2005%2F04%2F22%2F1114152326767.html&rft.au=Sydney+Morning+Herald"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Turkish Embassy AU. <i>Turkish National Day</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225081535/http://www.turkishembassy.org.au/assets/docs/National_day.pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-02-25.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Turkish+National+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishembassy.org.au%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2FNational_day.pdf&rft.au=Turkish+Embassy+AU"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">European Free Aliance. <i>The Ignored Minorites in Greece: WESTERN THRACE TURKS and MACEDONIANS</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.florina.org/news/2008/march27_e.pdf">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+Ignored+Minorites+in+Greece%3A+WESTERN+THRACE+TURKS+and+MACEDONIANS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.florina.org%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fmarch27_e.pdf&rft.au=European+Free+Aliance"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">The Human Rights Watch. <i>Turks Of Western Thrace</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/greece/Greec991-04.htm">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Turks+Of+Western+Thrace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F1999%2Fgreece%2FGreec991-04.htm&rft.au=The+Human+Rights+Watch"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Greek - Turkish minorities. <i>www.geocities.com</i> [online]. [cit. 25-10-2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1256463506735207&url=www.geocities.com/athens/9479/trakia.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 25-10-2009.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.geocities.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fathens%2F9479%2Ftrakia.html&rft.atitle=Greek+-+Turkish+minorities"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Robbins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanoutlook.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=article_detail&id=1700">Fostering an Islamic Reformation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021001036/http://www.americanoutlook.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=article_detail&id=1700">Archivováno</a> 21. 10. 2008 na <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>American Outlook</i>, Spring 2002 issue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation. <i>Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Turkey</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vtur/biltur.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Bilateral+relations+between+Switzerland+and+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eda.admin.ch%2Feda%2Fen%2Fhome%2Freps%2Feur%2Fvtur%2Fbiltur.html&rft.au=The+Federal+Authorities+of+the+Swiss+Confederation"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Centre For Russian Studies. <i>2002 Nationality report</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155332/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/etnisk.exe?total">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2007-09-30.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=2002+Nationality+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nupi.no%2Fcgi-win%2F%2FRussland%2Fetnisk.exe%3Ftotal&rft.au=Centre+For+Russian+Studies"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Central Intelligence Agency. <i>The World Factbook; Macedonia</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921121210/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/mk.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-09-21.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3B+Macedonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fprint%2Fmk.html&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">ZAMAN. <i>Erdoğan’s visit to Stockholm and Turkish-Swedish relations</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404141741/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/yazarDetay.do?haberno=138098">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-04-04.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%99s+visit+to+Stockholm+and+Turkish-Swedish+relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Ftz-web%2FyazarDetay.do%3Fhaberno%3D138098&rft.au=ZAMAN"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">MURAT, Sedat. <i>Immigrant Turks and their socio-economic structure in European countries</i> [online]. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 2000 [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225081536/http://www.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/edergi/makale/90.pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-02-25.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Immigrant+Turks+and+their+socio-economic+structure+in+European+countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.edu.tr%2Federgi%2Fmakale%2F90.pdf&rft.aulast=Murat&rft.aufirst=Sedat&rft.pub=%C4%B0ktisadi+ve+%C4%B0dari+Bilimler+Dergisi"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">StatBank Denmark. <i>Danmarks Statistik</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515221433/https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1024">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2019-05-15.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Danmarks+Statistik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statbank.dk%2Fstatbank5a%2Fdefault.asp%3Fw%3D1024&rft.au=StatBank+Denmark"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">TIME. <i>Denmark's Closing Door</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-12-16]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125013409/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901020225-203630,00.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-01-25.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Denmark%27s+Closing+Door&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C901020225-203630%2C00.html&rft.au=TIME"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">The Statistical Committee of the Republic Of Azerbaijan. <i>Population by ethnic groups (based on population census)</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220145641/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/007.shtml#s7">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2007-12-20.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Population+by+ethnic+groups+%28based+on+population+census%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azstat.org%2Fstatinfo%2Fdemoqraphic%2Fen%2F007.shtml%23s7&rft.au=The+Statistical+Committee+of+the+Republic+Of+Azerbaijan"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Canada's National Statistical Agency. <i>Statistics Canada</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090625161921/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=92333&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=801&Temporal=2006&Theme=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2009-06-25.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Ftopics%2FRetrieveProductTable.cfm%3FALEVEL%3D3%26APATH%3D3%26CATNO%3D%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D%26DS%3D99%26FL%3D0%26FREE%3D0%26GAL%3D0%26GC%3D99%26GK%3DNA%26GRP%3D1%26IPS%3D%26METH%3D0%26ORDER%3D1%26PID%3D92333%26PTYPE%3D88971%26RL%3D0%26S%3D1%26ShowAll%3DNo%26StartRow%3D1%26SUB%3D801%26Temporal%3D2006%26Theme%3D80%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rft.au=Canada%27s+National+Statistical+Agency"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Turkish Canadian Relations. <i>www.turkishembassy.com</i> [online]. [cit. 06-01-2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204085408/http://www.turkishembassy.com/II/O/Turkish_Canadian_relations.htm">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 04-02-2010.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.turkishembassy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishembassy.com%2FII%2FO%2FTurkish_Canadian_relations.htm&rft.atitle=Turkish+Canadian+Relations"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">Central Intelligence Agency. <i>The World Factbook; Romania</i> [online]. [cit. 2008-07-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921135630/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/ro.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2008-09-21.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3B+Romania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fprint%2Fro.html&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php">Joshua Project - Ethnic People Groups of Afghanistan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>'The fifth most spoken language of the world' Turkish</i> [online]. Mirora Translation & Consultancy Co. [cit. 2009-01-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003031620/http://www.mirora.com/pdf/fifth_greatest_language_turkish.pdf">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 03-10-2008.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=%27The+fifth+most+spoken+language+of+the+world%27+Turkish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirora.com%2Fpdf%2Ffifth_greatest_language_turkish.pdf&rft.pub=Mirora+Translation+%26+Consultancy+Co."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>THE ALEVI OF ANATOLIA: TURKEY'S LARGEST MINORITY</i> [online]. [cit. 2015-03-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423153420/http://www.angelfire.com/az/rescon/ALEVI.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 23-04-2012.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=THE+ALEVI+OF+ANATOLIA%3A+TURKEY%27S+LARGEST+MINORITY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Faz%2Frescon%2FALEVI.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Shi'a</i> [online]. [cit. 2015-03-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/shia/shia.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Shi%27a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philtar.ac.uk%2Fencyclopedia%2Fislam%2Fshia%2Fshia.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf">ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> 35,000 Moslems convert into Christianity each year in Turkey.. <i>www.chowk.com</i> [online]. [cit. 10-04-2016]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319183323/http://www.chowk.com/khadijabibi/iLogs/life/35000-Moslems-convert-into-Christianity-each-year-in-Turkey">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 19-03-2012.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.chowk.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chowk.com%2Fkhadijabibi%2FiLogs%2Flife%2F35000-Moslems-convert-into-Christianity-each-year-in-Turkey&rft.atitle=35%2C000+Moslems+convert+into+Christianity+each+year+in+Turkey."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>TURKEY - Christians in eastern Turkey worried despite church opening</i> [online]. [cit. 2015-03-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620044000/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=christians-in-east-remain-worried-despite-church-opening-2011-07-20">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2017-06-20.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=TURKEY+-+Christians+in+eastern+Turkey+worried+despite+church+opening&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpageid%3D438%26n%3Dchristians-in-east-remain-worried-despite-church-opening-2011-07-20"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>BBC News - When Muslims become Christians</i> [online]. [cit. 2015-03-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7355515.stm">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=BBC+News+-+When+Muslims+become+Christians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7355515.stm"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Archivovaná kopie. <i>www.cia.gov</i> [online]. [cit. 2011-07-30]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702111626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 2017-07-02.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Ftu.html&rft.atitle=Archivovan%C3%A1+kopie"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše">Osmanská říše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tureck%C3%A1_men%C5%A1ina_v_Bulharsku" title="Turecká menšina v Bulharsku">Turecká menšina v Bulharsku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Kypr" title="Severní Kypr">Severní Kypr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syr%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Turkmeni" title="Syrští Turkmeni">Syrští Turkmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1%C4%8Dt%C3%AD_Turkmeni" title="Iráčtí Turkmeni">Iráčtí Turkmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Turkické jazyky">Turkické jazyky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turks" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Turks">Turci</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wikiquote"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Téma </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turci" class="extiw" title="q:Turci">Turci</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikicitátech</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/Turek" class="extiw" title="wikt:Turek">Turek</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Turkické národy"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy">Turkické národy</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><i>Kurzíva</i> s † ukazují vymřelé skupiny – znak † ukazuje vymírající skupiny</td></tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Historické skupiny národů, kmenů a klanů</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <i><a href="/wiki/Turkuti" title="Turkuti">Turkuti</a></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Jenisej%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Kyrgyzov%C3%A9" title="Jenisejští Kyrgyzové">Jenisejští Kyrgyzové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanglyov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanglyové (stránka neexistuje)">Kanglyové</a></i> † • <a href="/wiki/Karlukov%C3%A9" title="Karlukové">Karlukové</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Kimakov%C3%A9" title="Kimakové">Kimakové</a></i> † • <a href="/wiki/Kum%C3%A1ni" title="Kumáni">Kumáni</a> (Polovci) • <a href="/wiki/Kyp%C4%8Daci" title="Kypčaci">Kypčaci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lba%C5%A1ov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kızılbašové (stránka neexistuje)">Kızılbašové</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oghurov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oghurové (stránka neexistuje)">Ogurští Turci</a> – <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ava%C5%99i" title="Avaři">Avaři</a></b></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Hunov%C3%A9" title="Hunové">Hunové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Chaza%C5%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Chazaři">Chazaři</a></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Protobulha%C5%99i" title="Protobulhaři">Prabulhaři</a></i> † • <a href="/wiki/Oghuzov%C3%A9" title="Oghuzové">Oguzští Turci</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrge%C5%A1ov%C3%A9" title="Türgešové">Türgešové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Siungnuov%C3%A9" title="Siungnuové">Siungnuové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0atoov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šatoové (stránka neexistuje)">Šatoové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinglingov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinglingové (stránka neexistuje)">Tinglingové</a></i> † • <i><a href="/wiki/Wusunov%C3%A9" title="Wusunové">Wusunové</a></i> †</div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Současné národy a národnosti</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altajsk%C3%BD_n%C3%A1rod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altajský národ (stránka neexistuje)">Altajové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azerov%C3%A9" title="Azerové">Azerové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Balka%C5%99i" title="Balkaři">Balkaři</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirov%C3%A9" title="Baškirové">Baškirové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chakasov%C3%A9" title="Chakasové">Chakasové</a>• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalad%C5%BEov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaladžové (stránka neexistuje)">Chaladžové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A1s%C3%A1n%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Turci" title="Chorásánští Turci">Chorásánští Turci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Culymci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čulymci (stránka neexistuje)">Čulymci</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cuva%C5%A1i" title="Čuvaši">Čuvaši</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dolgani" title="Dolgani">Dolgani</a> † • <a href="/wiki/Gagauzov%C3%A9" title="Gagauzové">Gagauzové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1%C4%8Dt%C3%AD_Turkmeni" title="Iráčtí Turkmeni">Iráčtí Turkmeni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jakuti" title="Jakuti">Jakuti</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kara%C4%8Dajov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karačajové (stránka neexistuje)">Karačajové</a> † • <a href="/wiki/Karait%C3%A9" title="Karaité">Karaité</a> † • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karakalpaci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karakalpaci (stránka neexistuje)">Karakalpaci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karamanliov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karamanliové (stránka neexistuje)">Karamanliové</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karapapachov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karapapachové (stránka neexistuje)">Karapapachové</a> † • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C5%A1kajov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaškajové (stránka neexistuje)">Kaškajové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaza%C5%A1i" title="Kazaši">Kazaši</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krym%C4%8D%C3%A1ci" title="Krymčáci">Krymčáci</a> † • <a href="/wiki/Krym%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Tata%C5%99i" title="Krymští Tataři">Krymští Tataři</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kumandynci" title="Kumandynci">Kumandynci</a> † • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumykov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumykové (stránka neexistuje)">Kumykové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzov%C3%A9" title="Kyrgyzové">Kyrgyzové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meschet%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Turci" title="Meschetští Turci">Meschetští Turci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Najmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Najmani (stránka neexistuje)">Najmani</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nogajov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nogajové (stránka neexistuje)">Nogajové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salarov%C3%A9" title="Salarové">Salarové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Syr%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Turkmeni" title="Syrští Turkmeni">Syrští Turkmeni</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0orci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šorci (stránka neexistuje)">Šorci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tata%C5%99i" title="Tataři">Tataři</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telengiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telengiti (stránka neexistuje)">Telengiti</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleuti (stránka neexistuje)">Teleuti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tofala%C5%99i" title="Tofalaři">Tofalaři</a> † • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmeni" title="Turkmeni">Turkmeni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tuvinci" title="Tuvinci">Tuvinci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ujgurov%C3%A9" title="Ujgurové">Ujgurové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urumov%C3%A9" title="Urumové">Urumové</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uzbeci" title="Uzbeci">Uzbeci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugurov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jugurové (stránka neexistuje)">Jugurové</a> †</div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Západoevropští Turci</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Evrop%C4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v západní Evropě (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v západní Evropě</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balk%C3%A1n%C5%A1t%C3%AD_Turci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkánští Turci (stránka neexistuje)">Balkánští</a> a ostatní Turci</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Tureck%C3%A1_men%C5%A1ina_v_Bulharsku" title="Turecká menšina v Bulharsku">Turci v Bulharsku</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_Egyptu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v Egyptu (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v Egyptu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ture%C4%8Dt%C3%AD_Kyprioti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turečtí Kyprioti (stránka neexistuje)">Turečtí Kyprioti</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_Kosovu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v Kosovu (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v Kosovu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_Severn%C3%AD_Makedonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v Severní Makedonii (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v Severní Makedonii</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_Rumunsku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v Rumunsku (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v Rumunsku</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turci_v_Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Thr%C3%A1kii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turci v Západní Thrákii (stránka neexistuje)">Turci v Západní Thrákii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muslimov%C3%A9_v_%C5%98ecku" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslimové v Řecku">Muslimové v Řecku</a></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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