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ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਮਨ ਦਾ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਾ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 60 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="فلسفة العقل – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسفة العقل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa_de_la_mente" title="Filosofía de la mente – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filosofía de la mente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0drak_f%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99si" title="İdrak fəlsəfəsi – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdrak fəlsəfəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A3_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Аң фәлсәфәһе – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аң фәлсәфәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Философия на съзнанието – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Философия на съзнанието" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="মনের দর্শন – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মনের দর্শন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia_de_la_ment" title="Filosofia de la ment – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Filosofia de la ment" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%81%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فەلسەفەی زەین – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەلسەفەی زەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofie_mysli" title="Filozofie mysli – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filozofie mysli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athroniaeth_y_meddwl" title="Athroniaeth y meddwl – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Athroniaeth y meddwl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevidsthedsfilosofi" title="Bevidsthedsfilosofi – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bevidsthedsfilosofi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie_des_Geistes" title="Philosophie des Geistes – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philosophie des Geistes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Φιλοσοφία του νου – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοσοφία του νου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philosophy of mind" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofio_de_menso" title="Filozofio de menso – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filozofio de menso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa_de_la_mente" title="Filosofía de la mente – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filosofía de la mente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaimufilosoofia" title="Vaimufilosoofia – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaimufilosoofia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adimenaren_filosofia" title="Adimenaren filosofia – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adimenaren filosofia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86" title="فلسفه ذهن – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلسفه ذهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielenfilosofia" title="Mielenfilosofia – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mielenfilosofia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie_de_l%27esprit" title="Philosophie de l'esprit – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philosophie de l'esprit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A9" title="פילוסופיה של הנפש – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילוסופיה של הנפש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija_uma" title="Filozofija uma – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filozofija uma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmefiloz%C3%B3fia" title="Elmefilozófia – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elmefilozófia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%83%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գիտակցության փիլիսոփայություն – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիտակցության փիլիսոփայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filsafat_budi" title="Filsafat budi – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Filsafat budi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugspeki" title="Hugspeki – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hugspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia_della_mente" title="Filosofia della mente – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filosofia della mente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E3%81%AE%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心の哲学 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="心の哲学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сана философиясы – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сана философиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="심리철학 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="심리철학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophia_mentis" title="Philosophia mentis – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philosophia mentis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85mon%C4%97s_filosofija" title="Sąmonės filosofija – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąmonės filosofija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%81ta_filozofija" title="Prāta filozofija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prāta filozofija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil%C3%B4z%C3%B4fian%27_ny_saina" title="Filôzôfian' ny saina – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filôzôfian' ny saina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Филозофија на умот – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Филозофија на умот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie_van_de_geest" title="Filosofie van de geest – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filosofie van de geest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sinnsfilosofi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia_umys%C5%82u" title="Filozofia umysłu – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filozofia umysłu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%DB%81%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="ذہن دا فلسفہ – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ذہن دا فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="د ذهن فلسفه – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ذهن فلسفه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia_da_mente" title="Filosofia da mente – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filosofia da mente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia_min%C8%9Bii" title="Filozofia minții – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filozofia minții" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Философия сознания – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Философия сознания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofija_uma" title="Filozofija uma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Filozofija uma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philosophy of mind" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia_mysle" title="Filozofia mysle – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Filozofia mysle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia_e_mendjes" title="Filozofia e mendjes – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Filozofia e mendjes" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Филозофија духа – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филозофија духа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medvetandefilosofi" title="Medvetandefilosofi – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medvetandefilosofi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மன மெய்யியல் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மன மெய்யியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%9D%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%A3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%8D%E1%8A%93" title="ኣእምሮኣዊ ፍልስፍና – ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኣእምሮኣዊ ፍልስፍና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopiya_ng_isipan" title="Pilosopiya ng isipan – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pilosopiya ng isipan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zihin_felsefesi" title="Zihin felsefesi – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zihin felsefesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Філософія свідомості – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Філософія свідомості" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_falsafasi" title="Ong falsafasi – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ong falsafasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dc_tinh_th%E1%BA%A7n" title="Triết học tinh thần – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triết học tinh thần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilosopiya_hin_hunahuna" title="Pilosopiya hin hunahuna – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pilosopiya hin hunahuna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="心灵哲学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心靈哲學 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="心靈哲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8_%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8_%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/s/1kj9" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਛੋਟੀ ਕੜੀ ਦੀ ਨਕਲ ਕਰੋ"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ</span></a></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_mind" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23407" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Phrenology1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/200px-Phrenology1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/300px-Phrenology1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/400px-Phrenology1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>ਦਿਮਾਗ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਫਾਰੇਨਾਲੋਜੀਕਲ ਮੈਪਿੰਗ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  -  ਫਾਰੇਨਾਲੋਜੀ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਮਾਗ ਦੇ ਖਾਸ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਨ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਯਤਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਸੀ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਬਦਨਾਮ ਹੈ। </figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਮਨ ਦਾ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਾ</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਰਸ਼ਨ">ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ</a> ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਸ਼ਾਖਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਮਨ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਨ-ਜਿਸਮ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਨ-ਜਿਸਮ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ</a> ਮਨ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਚੁਗਾਠ ਹੈ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਹੋਰ ਮੁੱਦਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਸੰਬੋਧਿਤ ਹੋਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਚੇਤਨਾ ਦੇ ਹਾਰਡ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ, ਅਤੇ ਖਾਸ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਹਾਲਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਤੀ। .<sup id="cite_ref-Kim1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macpherson,_F._2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macpherson,_F._2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਪਹਿਲੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ, ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਕਾਰਜ, ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਗੁਣ, ਚੇਤਨਾ, ਮਨ ਦਾ ਤੱਤ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, ਵਿਚਾਰ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਰੀਰ ਨਾਲ ਮਨ ਦਾ ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ।  </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ">ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ</a> ਮਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਸਕੂਲ ਹਨ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਸੂਖਮ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਇੱਕ ਜਾਂ ਦੂਜੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਵਰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਭਲੀਭਾਂਤ ਮੇਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਉਂਦੇ। ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਦੇਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਹਿੰਦੂ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਾਂਖ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਾਂਖ</a> ਅਤੇ ਯੋਗ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ,<sup id="cite_ref-Sa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਫ਼ਲਾਤੂਨ">ਪਲੇਟੋ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ,<sup id="cite_ref-Plato_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plato-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਪਰੰਤੂ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਪ੍ਰਵੇਸ਼ 17 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੇਨੇ ਡੇਕਾਰਟ ਦੇ ਸਦਕਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-De_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ਰੇਨੇ ਦੇਕਾਰਤ">ਡੇਕਾਰਟ</a> ਵਰਗੇ ਸਬਸਟਾਂਸ ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦੀ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਮਨ ਇੱਕ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਸਬਸਟਾਂਸ ਹੈ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਗੁਣ ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮਨ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਸਮੂਹ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਉਤਪੰਨ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ ਤੱਕ ਘਟਾਏ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ, ਪਰ ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਸਬਸਟਾਂਸ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। .<sup id="cite_ref-Du_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Du-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ ਉਹ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸਦੇ ਮਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਰੀਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਂਦਮੂਲਕ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਹੋਂਦਾਂ (ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਸਬਸਟਾਂਸ) ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਵਾਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ">ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ</a> ਵਿੱਚ 5ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਈਪੂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਰਮੇਨਾਈਡਜ਼ ਨੇ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ 17ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਤਰਕਵਾਦੀ ਬਾਰੂਕ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਪੀਨੋਜ਼ਾ">ਸਪਿਨੋਜਾ</a> ਨੇ ਇਸਦਾ ਵਿਖਿਆਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। <sup id="cite_ref-Spin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਭੌਤਿਕਵਾਦੀ ਦਾਅਵਾ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਸਿਰਫ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਥਿਊਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੰਨੀਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹੋਂਦਾਂ ਹੀ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਵੀ ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਹੋਂਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮਝੀਆਂ ਜਾਣਗੀਆਂ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਥਿਊਰੀ ਦਾ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਹੋਣਾ ਜਾਰੀ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਭੌਤਿਕਵਾਦੀ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਘਟਾਉਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਕਈ ਅੱਡ ਅੱਡ ਪੁਜੀਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਹਨ (ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਗੁਣ ਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਕੂਲ ਰੂਪ ਅਪਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ),<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DePaulBaltimore2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DePaulBaltimore2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GibbLowe2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbLowe2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Demircioglu2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demircioglu2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francescotti_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francescotti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gibb2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਦੀ ਹੋਂਦਮੂਲਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਅਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਰਹਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-McLaughlinAndBennett_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlinAndBennett-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Megill2012_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megill2012-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਆਦਰਸ਼ਵਾਦ">ਵਿਚਾਰਵਾਦੀ</a> ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਮਨ ਸਾਰਾ ਹੀ ਕੁਝ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਵੀ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਕਿ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਹੀ ਹੈ, ਜਾਂ ਮਨ ਦਾ ਸਿਰਜਿਆ ਇੱਕ ਭਰਮ ਮਾਤਰ ਹੈ। ਅਰਨਸਟ ਮੈਖ਼ ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਜੇਮਸ</a> ਵਰਗੇ ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦੀ ਦਲੀਲ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਗਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ (ਮਨੋਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ) ਜਾਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ ਦੇ ਨੈਟਵਰਕ ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਤੇ ਵਿਚਾਰਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਦਾਖਲ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਪਾਈਨੋਜਾ ਵਰਗੇ ਦੋ-ਪੱਖੀ ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦੀ ਅਜਿਹੀ ਪੁਜੀਸ਼ਨ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਕੋਈ ਹੋਰ, ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਅਤੇ ਮਨ ਉਸ ਅਣਜਾਣ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ ਹਨ। 20ਵੀਂ ਅਤੇ 21ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਆਮ ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ ਸਾਰੇ ਭੌਤਿਕਵਾਦ ਦੇ ਹੀ ਵੱਖੋ-ਵੱਖ ਰੂਪ ਹਨ; ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਪੁਜੀਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਵਿਵਹਾਰਵਾਦ">ਵਿਵਹਾਰਵਾਦ</a>, ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਪਛਾਣ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਅਵੈੜ ਅਦਵੈਤਵਾਦ ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰਜਵਾਦ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰਜਵਾਦ</a> ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ।<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: References"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver Elbs, <i>Neuro-Esthetics: Mapological foundations and applications (Map 2003)</i>, (Munich 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kim1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKim1995" class="citation book cs1">Kim, J. (1995). Honderich, Ted (ed.). <i>Problems in the Philosophy of Mind. Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+in+the+Philosophy+of+Mind.+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siegel, S.: The Contents of Visual Experience. New York: Oxford University Press. 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macpherson,_F._2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Macpherson,_F._2008_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macpherson, F. & Haddock, A., editors, Disjunctivism: Perception, Action, Knowledge, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sa_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSri_Swami_Sivananda" class="citation web cs1">Sri Swami Sivananda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515215340/http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Sankhya/id/23117">"Sankhya:Hindu philosophy: The Sankhya"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Sankhya/id/23117">the original</a> on May 15, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sankhya%3AHindu+philosophy%3A+The+Sankhya&rft.au=Sri+Swami+Sivananda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.experiencefestival.com%2Fa%2FSankhya%2Fid%2F23117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plato-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Plato_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFPlato1995" class="citation book cs1">Plato (1995). E.A. Duke; W.F. Hicken; W.S.M. Nicoll; D.B. Robinson; J.C.G. Strachan (eds.). <i>Phaedo</i>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1-4065-4150-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/1-4065-4150-8"><bdi>1-4065-4150-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phaedo&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-4065-4150-8&rft.au=Plato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-De_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDescartes,_René1998" class="citation book cs1">Descartes, René (1998). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discourse_on_Method_and_Meditations_on_First_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy</a></i>. Hacket Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-87220-421-9" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-87220-421-9"><bdi>0-87220-421-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourse+on+Method+and+Meditations+on+First+Philosophy&rft.pub=Hacket+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87220-421-9&rft.au=Descartes%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Du-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Du_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in Samuel Guttenplan (org) <i>A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind</i>, Blackwell, Oxford, 265-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Spin_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spinoza, Baruch (1670) <i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractatus_Theologico-Politicus">Tractatus Theologico-Politicus</a></i> (A Theologico-Political Treatise).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider2013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider2013_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schneider, Susan (2013). "Non-Reductive Physicalism and the Mind Problem1". <i>Noûs</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 135–153. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0068.2011.00847.x">10.1111/j.1468-0068.2011.00847.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-4624">0029-4624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=No%C3%BBs&rft.atitle=Non-Reductive+Physicalism+and+the+Mind+Problem1&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=135-153&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0068.2011.00847.x&rft.issn=0029-4624&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DePaulBaltimore2013-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DePaulBaltimore2013_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDePaulBaltimore2013" class="citation journal cs1">DePaul, Michael; Baltimore, Joseph A. (2013). "Type Physicalism and Causal Exclusion". <i>Journal of Philosophical Research</i>. <b>38</b>: 405–418. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fjpr20133821">10.5840/jpr20133821</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1053-8364">1053-8364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Philosophical+Research&rft.atitle=Type+Physicalism+and+Causal+Exclusion&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=405-418&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fjpr20133821&rft.issn=1053-8364&rft.aulast=DePaul&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Baltimore%2C+Joseph+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbLowe2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GibbLowe2013_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFS._C._GibbE._J._LoweR._D._Ingthorsson2013" class="citation book cs1">S. C. Gibb; E. J. Lowe; R. D. Ingthorsson (21 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-sBoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58"><i>Mental Causation and Ontology</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-19-165255-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-19-165255-4"><bdi>978-0-19-165255-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mental+Causation+and+Ontology&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.isbn=978-0-19-165255-4&rft.au=S.+C.+Gibb&rft.au=E.+J.+Lowe&rft.au=R.+D.+Ingthorsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-sBoAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demircioglu2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Demircioglu2011_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDemircioglu2011" class="citation journal cs1">Demircioglu, Erhan (2011). "Supervenience And Reductive Physicalism". <i>European Journal of Analytic Philosophy</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 25–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Analytic+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Supervenience+And+Reductive+Physicalism&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-35&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Demircioglu&rft.aufirst=Erhan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francescotti-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Francescotti_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFFrancescotti" class="citation web cs1">Francescotti, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/supermin/">"Supervenience and Mind"</a>. <i>The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-0002">2161-0002</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Supervenience+and+Mind&rft.issn=2161-0002&rft.aulast=Francescotti&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fsupermin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibb2010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gibb2010_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGibb2010" class="citation journal cs1">Gibb, Sophie (2010). "Closure Principles and the Laws of Conservation of Energy and Momentum". <i>Dialectica</i>. <b>64</b> (3): 363–384. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1746-8361.2010.01237.x">10.1111/j.1746-8361.2010.01237.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-2017">0012-2017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialectica&rft.atitle=Closure+Principles+and+the+Laws+of+Conservation+of+Energy+and+Momentum&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=363-384&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1746-8361.2010.01237.x&rft.issn=0012-2017&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span> See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDempsey2012" class="citation journal cs1">Dempsey, L. P. (2012). "Consciousness, Supervenience, and Identity: Marras and Kim on the Efficacy of Conscious Experience". <i>Dialogue</i>. <b>51</b> (3): 373–395. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0012217312000662">10.1017/s0012217312000662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialogue&rft.atitle=Consciousness%2C+Supervenience%2C+and+Identity%3A+Marras+and+Kim+on+the+Efficacy+of+Conscious+Experience&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373-395&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0012217312000662&rft.aulast=Dempsey&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span> See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFBaltimore2010" class="citation journal cs1">Baltimore, J. A. (2010). "Defending the piggyback principle against Shapiro and Sober's empirical approach". <i>Dialectica</i>. <b>175</b> (2): 151–168. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-009-9467-2">10.1007/s11229-009-9467-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialectica&rft.atitle=Defending+the+piggyback+principle+against+Shapiro+and+Sober%27s+empirical+approach&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-168&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11229-009-9467-2&rft.aulast=Baltimore&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlinAndBennett-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlinAndBennett_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlinBennett2014" class="citation web cs1">McLaughlin, Brian; Bennett, Karen (2014). Edward N. Zalta (ed.) (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/supervenience/">"Supervenience"</a>. <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014 Edition)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy+%28Spring+2014+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Supervenience&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fspr2014%2Fentries%2Fsupervenience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|editor-last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Megill2012-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Megill2012_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMegill2012" class="citation journal cs1">Megill, Jason (2012). "A Defense of Emergence". <i>Axiomathes</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 597–615. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10516-012-9203-2">10.1007/s10516-012-9203-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1122-1151">1122-1151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axiomathes&rft.atitle=A+Defense+of+Emergence&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=597-615&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10516-012-9203-2&rft.issn=1122-1151&rft.aulast=Megill&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kim_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, J., "Mind–Body Problem", <i>Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>. Ted Honderich (ed.). Oxford:Oxford University Press. 1995.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਮਨ_ਦਾ_ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਾ&oldid=539647">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਮਨ_ਦਾ_ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਾ&oldid=539647</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_errors:_generic_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 errors: generic name (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ਲੁਕਵੀਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਸੋਧ 16 ਸਤੰਬਰ 2020 ਨੂੰ 11:59 ਵਜੇ ਹੋਈ।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0</a> ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ; 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