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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ينبوع معدني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ينبوع معدني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralni_izvor" title="Mineralni izvor – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mineralni izvor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_pramen" title="Minerální pramen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minerální pramen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralquelle" title="Mineralquelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineralquelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralfonto" title="Mineralfonto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mineralfonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="چشمه آب‌معدنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشمه آب‌معدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_thermale" title="Source thermale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Source thermale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%B2%9C" title="광천 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광천" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հանքային աղբյուրներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային աղբյուրներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96lkelda_(uppspretta)" title="Ölkelda (uppspretta) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ölkelda (uppspretta)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralin%C4%97_versm%C4%97" title="Mineralinė versmė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mineralinė versmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E6%B3%89" title="鉱泉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱泉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralkjelde" title="Mineralkjelde – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mineralkjelde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9r%C3%B3d%C5%82o_mineralne" title="Źródło mineralne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Źródło mineralne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralni_vrelec" title="Mineralni vrelec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineralni vrelec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Лековита минерална вода – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лековита минерална вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralni_izvor" title="Mineralni izvor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mineralni izvor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%B3%89" title="礦泉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦泉" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Natural springs that produce water containing minerals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sulphur spring" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Springs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sulphur Springs (disambiguation)">Sulphur Springs</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Springs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mineral Springs (disambiguation)">Mineral Springs (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_(State_4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg/210px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg/315px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg/420px-Wenceslas_Hollar_-_The_mineral_spring_%28State_4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4556" data-file-height="2970" /></a><figcaption><i>The Mineral Spring</i>, etching by <a href="/wiki/Wenceslas_Hollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenceslas Hollar">Wenceslas Hollar</a> (1607–1677). The unidentified central European spring features a sunken stone basin and ornamental retaining wall.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hot_springs_at_Manikaran,Himachal_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg/210px-Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg/315px-Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg/420px-Hot_springs_at_Manikaran%2CHimachal_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Tourists and pilgrims having a bath in a hot spring in <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">Gurudwara</a> Complex, <a href="/wiki/Manikaran" title="Manikaran">Manikaran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uttrakhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttrakhand">Uttrakhand</a> state of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, c. May 2009.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg/180px-Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg/270px-Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg/360px-Breznik-iron-water-spring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A chalybeate (iron-laden) mineral spring at <a href="/wiki/Breznik" title="Breznik">Breznik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg/180px-Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg/270px-Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg/360px-Tap_Tapan_Mineral_Spring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tap tapan spring in Azarshahr, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mineral springs</b> are naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">springs</a> that produce <a href="/wiki/Hard_water" title="Hard water">hard water</a>, water that contains dissolved <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Salts">Salts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_compounds" title="Sulfur compounds">sulfur compounds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Gases">gases</a> are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground. In this they are unlike <a href="/wiki/Sweet_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet spring">sweet springs</a>, which produce <a href="/wiki/Soft_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft water">soft water</a> with no noticeable dissolved gasses. The dissolved minerals may alter the water's taste. <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">Mineral water</a> obtained from mineral springs, and the precipitated salts such as <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate#Heptahydrate_(Epsom_salt)" title="Magnesium sulfate">Epsom salt</a> have long been important commercial products. </p><p>Some mineral springs may contain significant amounts of harmful dissolved minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, and should not be drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sulfur springs smell of rotten eggs due to <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> (H<sub>2</sub>S), which is <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide#Safety" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hazardous and sometimes deadly</a>. It is a gas, and it usually enters the body when it is breathed in.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quantities ingested in drinking water are much lower and are not considered likely to cause harm, but few studies on long-term, low-level exposure have been done, as of 2003<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The water of mineral springs is sometimes claimed to have <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic">therapeutic</a> value. <a href="/wiki/Mineral_spa" title="Mineral spa">Mineral spas</a> are resorts that have developed around mineral springs, where (often wealthy) patrons would repair to "take the waters" — meaning that they would drink (see <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_cure_(therapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water cure (therapy)">water cure</a>) or bathe in (see <a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">balneotherapy</a>) the mineral water. Historical mineral springs were often outfitted with elaborate stone-works — including artificial pools, <a href="/wiki/Retaining_wall" title="Retaining wall">retaining walls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnades</a>, and roofs — sometimes in the form of fanciful "Greek temples", <a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">gazebos</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagodas</a>. Others were entirely enclosed within <a href="/wiki/Spring_house" title="Spring house">spring houses</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many centuries, in Europe, North America, and elsewhere, commercial proponents of mineral springs classified them according to the chemical composition of the water produced and according to the medicinal benefits supposedly accruing from each: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenical springs</a> contained arsenic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithia_water" title="Lithia water">Lithia Springs</a> contained <a href="/wiki/Lithium_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium salts">lithium salts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalybeate" title="Chalybeate">Chalybeate springs</a> contained salts of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alum_springs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alum springs (page does not exist)">Alum springs</a> contained <a href="/wiki/Alum" title="Alum">alum</a>.</li> <li>Sulfur springs contained <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> gas (see also <a href="/wiki/Fumerole" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumerole">fumeroles</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt spring">Salt (saline) springs</a> contained salts of calcium, magnesium or sodium.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaline_spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkaline spring (page does not exist)">Alkaline springs</a> contained an <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcic_spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcic spring (page does not exist)">Calcic springs</a> contained <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">lime</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide" title="Calcium hydroxide">calcium hydroxide</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal spring">Thermal (hot) springs</a> could contain a high concentration of various minerals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda spring">Soda springs</a> contained <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> gas (<a href="/wiki/Soda_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda water">soda water</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioactive_spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioactive spring (page does not exist)">Radioactive springs</a> contain traces of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> substances such as <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">radium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deposits">Deposits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deposits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg/180px-Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg/270px-Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg/360px-Badab_Surt_Najafi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="2137" /></a><figcaption>Stepped <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> terrace formations at <a href="/wiki/Badab-e_Surt" title="Badab-e Surt">Badab-e Surt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Types of <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rock</a> – usually <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>) – are sometimes formed by the <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a>, or rapid <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a>, of minerals from spring water as it emerges, especially at the mouths of hot mineral springs. In cold mineral springs, the rapid precipitation of minerals results from the reduction of acidity when the CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> gas bubbles out. (These mineral deposits can also be found in dried lakebeds.) Spectacular formations, including terraces, <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalagmite" title="Stalagmite">stalagmites</a> and 'frozen waterfalls' can result (see, for example, <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Hot_Springs#Mammoth_Hot_Springs" title="Mammoth Hot Springs">Mammoth Hot Springs</a>). </p><p>One light-colored porous <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> of this type is known as <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> and has been used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and elsewhere as building material. Travertine can have a white, tan, or cream-colored appearance and often has a fibrous or concentric 'grain'. </p><p>Another type of spring water deposit, containing <a href="/wiki/Siliceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Siliceous">siliceous</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> minerals, is known as <a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">tufa</a>. Tufa is similar to travertine but is even softer and more porous. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chalybeate" title="Chalybeate">Chaybeate springs</a> may deposit iron compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Limonite" title="Limonite">limonite</a>. Some such deposits were large enough to be <a href="/wiki/Chalybeate_Spring,_Mittagong#Significance" title="Chalybeate Spring, Mittagong">mined as iron ore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_springs" title="List of hot springs">List of hot springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet spring">Sweet springs</a>, those with no detectable sulfur or salt content</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_97.html">"Import Alert 29-02: Detention Without Physical Examination of Bottled Water due to Arsenic Due to Inorganic Arsenic"</a>. <i>www.accessdata.fda.gov</i>. FDA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.accessdata.fda.gov&rft.atitle=Import+Alert+29-02%3A+Detention+Without+Physical+Examination+of+Bottled+Water+due+to+Arsenic+Due+to+Inorganic+Arsenic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fcms_ia%2Fimportalert_97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+spring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/bottled-water-brand-found-have-high-levels-arsenic-pulled-stores-n1020991">"Bottled water brand with high levels of arsenic pulled from store shelves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bottled+water+brand+with+high+levels+of+arsenic+pulled+from+store+shelves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fhealth%2Fhealth-news%2Fbottled-water-brand-found-have-high-levels-arsenic-pulled-stores-n1020991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+spring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp114-c1-b.pdf">"PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT: Hydrogen Sulfide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health ServiceAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a>. December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PUBLIC+HEALTH+STATEMENT%3A+Hydrogen+Sulfide&rft.pub=DEPARTMENT+of+HEALTH+AND+HUMAN+SERVICES%2C+Public+Health+ServiceAgency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%2C+US+Centers+for+Disease+Control&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2FToxProfiles%2Ftp114-c1-b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+spring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/hydrogensulfide.pdf">"Hydrogen Sulfide in Drinking-water"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hydrogen+Sulfide+in+Drinking-water&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwater_sanitation_health%2Fdwq%2Fhydrogensulfide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+spring" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Cohen, Stan (Revised 1981 edition), <i>Springs of the Virginias: A Pictorial History</i>, <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarrier_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarrier Press (page does not exist)">Quarrier Press</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaMoreaux,_Philip_E.Tanner,_Judy_T2001" class="citation cs2">LaMoreaux, Philip E.; Tanner, Judy T, eds. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sjEoBmfUka0C&q=springs+bottled"><i>Springs and Bottled Water of the World: Ancient History, Source, Occurrence, Quality and use</i></a>, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York: Springer-Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-61841-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-61841-4"><bdi>3-540-61841-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Springs+and+Bottled+Water+of+the+World%3A+Ancient+History%2C+Source%2C+Occurrence%2C+Quality+and+use&rft.place=Berlin+%2F+Heidelberg+%2F+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-540-61841-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsjEoBmfUka0C%26q%3Dsprings%2Bbottled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMineral+spring" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers,_streams_and_springs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">springs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">Rivers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_river" title="Alluvial river">Alluvial river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">Braided river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_river" title="Blackwater river">Blackwater river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_pattern" title="Channel pattern">Channel pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_types" title="Channel types">Channel types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">Confluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">Distributary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Drainage basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">Subterranean river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_bifurcation" title="River bifurcation">River bifurcation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_ecosystem" title="River ecosystem">River ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_source" title="River source">River source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">Tributary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">Streams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_(stream)" title="Bourne (stream)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burn_(landform)" title="Burn (landform)">Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_stream" title="Chalk stream">Chalk stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulee" title="Coulee">Coulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_(hydrology)" title="Current (hydrology)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">Stream bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream channel">Stream channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamflow" title="Streamflow">Streamflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_gradient" title="Stream gradient">Stream gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_pool" title="Stream pool">Stream pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial stream">Perennial stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_(stream)" title="Winterbourne (stream)">Winterbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">Springs</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_springs" title="List of springs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estavelle" title="Estavelle">Estavelle/Inversac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_well" title="Holy well">Holy well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">Hot spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_springs" title="List of hot springs">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_springs_in_the_United_States" title="List of hot springs in the United States">list in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_spring" title="Karst spring">Karst spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_karst_springs" title="List of karst springs">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mineral spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponor" title="Ponor">Ponor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_spring" title="Rhythmic spring">Rhythmic spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_horizon" title="Spring horizon">Spring horizon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">Sedimentary processes</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(geology)" title="Abrasion (geology)">Abrasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabranch" title="Anabranch">Anabranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggradation" title="Aggradation">Aggradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_(hydrology)" title="Armor (hydrology)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_load" title="Bed load">Bed load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_material_load" title="Bed material load">Bed material load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Granular flow">Granular flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris_flow" title="Debris flow">Debris flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposition_(geology)" title="Deposition (geology)">Deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolved_load" title="Dissolved load">Dissolved load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcutting" title="Downcutting">Downcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">Erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headward_erosion" title="Headward erosion">Headward erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickpoint" title="Knickpoint">Knickpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeochannel" title="Palaeochannel">Palaeochannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progradation" title="Progradation">Progradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrogradation" title="Retrogradation">Retrogradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltation_(geology)" title="Saltation (geology)">Saltation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_flow#River_bends" title="Secondary flow">Secondary flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sediment_transport" title="Sediment transport">Sediment transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_load" title="Suspended load">Suspended load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_load" title="Wash load">Wash load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_gap" title="Water gap">Water gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial#Fluvial_landforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">Fluvial landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ait" title="Ait">Ait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antecedent_drainage_stream" title="Antecedent drainage stream">Antecedent drainage stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" title="Avulsion (river)">Avulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_(geography)" title="Bank (geography)">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(river_morphology)" title="Bar (river morphology)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billabong" title="Billabong">Billabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_bank" title="Cut bank">Cut bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_island" title="Floating island">Floating island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(ravine)" title="Gill (ravine)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulch" title="Gulch">Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_scar" title="Meander scar">Meander scar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_bar" title="Mouth bar">Mouth bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle-pool_sequence" title="Riffle-pool sequence">Riffle-pool sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_bar" title="Point bar">Point bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">Ravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rill" title="Rill">Rill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">River island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_basin" title="Rock-cut basin">Rock-cut basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_structures" title="Sedimentary structures">Sedimentary structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalweg" title="Thalweg">Thalweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">River valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial#Fluvial_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">Fluvial flow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicoidal_flow" title="Helicoidal flow">Helicoidal flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_scale_of_river_difficulty" title="International scale of river difficulty">International scale of river difficulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_jam" title="Log jam">Log jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">Plunge pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle" title="Riffle">Riffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_capture" title="Stream capture">Stream capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater" title="Whitewater">Whitewater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">Surface runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural wastewater">Agricultural wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_flush" title="First flush">First flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_runoff" title="Urban runoff">Urban runoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Floods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">stormwater</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100-year_flood" title="100-year flood">100-year flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_splay" title="Crevasse splay">Crevasse splay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">Flash flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Flood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_flooding" title="Urban flooding">Urban flooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-water_floods" title="List of non-water floods">Non-water flood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_barrier" title="Flood barrier">Flood barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_forecasting" title="Flood forecasting">Flood forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood-meadow" title="Flood-meadow">Flood-meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_pulse_concept" title="Flood pulse concept">Flood pulse concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">Inundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Water_Management_Model" title="Storm Water Management Model">Storm Water Management Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_period" title="Return period">Return period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution#Pollution_from_point_sources" title="Water pollution">Point source pollution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effluent" title="Effluent">Effluent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial wastewater">Industrial wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">River measurement<br />and modelling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baer%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Baer's law">Baer's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseflow" title="Baseflow">Baseflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradshaw_model" title="Bradshaw model">Bradshaw model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">Discharge (hydrology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_density" title="Drainage density">Drainage density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exner_equation" title="Exner equation">Exner equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_model" title="Groundwater model">Groundwater model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack%27s_law" title="Hack's law">Hack's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjulstr%C3%B6m_curve" title="Hjulström curve">Hjulström curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrograph" title="Hydrograph">Hydrograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrological_model" title="Hydrological model">Hydrological model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrological_transport_model" title="Hydrological transport model">Hydrological transport model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrology)" title="Infiltration (hydrology)">Infiltration (hydrology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_stem" title="Main stem">Main stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playfair%27s_law" title="Playfair's law">Playfair's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Relief ratio">Relief ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Continuum_Concept" title="River Continuum Concept">River Continuum Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_number" title="Rouse number">Rouse number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoff_curve_number" title="Runoff curve number">Runoff curve number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoff_model_(reservoir)" title="Runoff model (reservoir)">Runoff model (reservoir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_gauge" title="Stream gauge">Stream gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Soil_Loss_Equation" title="Universal Soil Loss Equation">Universal Soil Loss Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAFLEX" title="WAFLEX">WAFLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetted_perimeter" title="Wetted perimeter">Wetted perimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate" title="Volumetric flow rate">Volumetric flow rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River_engineering" title="River engineering">River engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(bridge)" title="Aqueduct (bridge)">Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_lake" title="Balancing lake">Balancing lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_structure" title="Drop structure">Drop structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylighting_(streams)" title="Daylighting (streams)">Daylighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_basin" title="Detention basin">Detention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosion_control" title="Erosion control">Erosion control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain_restoration" title="Floodplain restoration">Floodplain restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flume" title="Flume">Flume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_basin" title="Infiltration basin">Infiltration basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leat" title="Leat">Leat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_morphology" title="River morphology">River morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">Retention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">Revetment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian-zone_restoration" title="Riparian-zone restoration">Riparian-zone restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_restoration" title="Stream restoration">Stream restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">Weir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">River sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_surfing" title="River surfing">River surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboarding" title="Riverboarding">Riverboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_skipping" title="Stone skipping">Stone skipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_canoeing" title="Whitewater canoeing">Whitewater canoeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">Whitewater kayaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_slalom" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewater slalom">Whitewater slalom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_toxicology" title="Aquatic toxicology">Aquatic toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">Body of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic civilization">Hydraulic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnology" title="Limnology">Limnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">Riparian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_valley_civilization" title="River valley civilization">River valley civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_cruise" title="River cruise">River cruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Sacred waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">Surface water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_river" title="Wild river">Wild river</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_length" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers by length">Rivers by length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_discharge" title="List of rivers by discharge">Rivers by discharge rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drainage_basins" class="mw-redirect" title="List of drainage basins">Drainage basins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_whitewater_rivers" title="List of whitewater rivers">Whitewater rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flash_floods" title="List of flash floods">Flash floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_river_name_etymologies" title="List of river name etymologies">River name etymologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_without_rivers" title="List of countries without rivers">Countries without rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365924#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4170037-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85127014">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044290k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044290k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566710">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="minerální prameny"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122890&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007529684105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/042903">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&oldid=1207714428">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineral_spring&oldid=1207714428</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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