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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General morphology and processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_morphology_and_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sediments_and_sedimentary_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sediments_and_sedimentary_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sediments and sedimentary structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sediments_and_sedimentary_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrological_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrological_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hydrological action</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hydrological_action-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hydrological action subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hydrological_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deposits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deposits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Deposits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deposits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wadi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A8_(%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A)" title="شعيب (وادي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعيب (وادي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="ওয়াদি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়াদি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Уади – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уади" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oued" title="Oued – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oued" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadi" title="Uadi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uadi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suba_nga_anhianhi" title="Suba nga anhianhi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Suba nga anhianhi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1d%C3%AD" title="Vádí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vádí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Ουάντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουάντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadi" title="Uadi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uadi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uedo" title="Uedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadi" title="Uadi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uadi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="خشک‌رود (وادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خشک‌رود (وادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oued" title="Oued – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oued" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wady" title="Wady – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wady" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadi" title="Uadi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Uadi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%EB%94%94" title="와디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Վադի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վադի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadi" title="Uadi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uadi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99" title="ואדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="უადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Уәди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уәди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вади – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вади" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadio" title="Vadio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vadio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadis" title="Vadis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vadis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1di" title="Vádi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vádi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вади – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вади" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_(rivierdal)" title="Wadi (rivierdal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wadi (rivierdal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B8" title="ワジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%A8d" title="Oèd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oèd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%A1di" title="Uádi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uádi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ued" title="Ued – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ued" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вади – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вади" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uadja" title="Uadja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uadja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вади – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вади" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi" title="Vadi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vadi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadi_(nehir_yata%C4%9F%C4%B1)" title="Vadi (nehir yatağı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vadi (nehir yatağı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Ваді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ваді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wadi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E8%B0%B7" title="乾谷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乾谷" 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wadi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wadi (disambiguation)">Wadi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wadi" title="Special:EditPage/Wadi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wadi%22">"Wadi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wadi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wadi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wadi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wadi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wadi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-18_Wadi_Ghuweir_Trail_to_Feynan_-_In_the_Oasis_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Wadi Ghuweir Trail to Feynan, Jordan</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wadi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَادِي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">wādī</i></span>, alternatively <i>wād</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَاد</span>, <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Maghrebi Arabic</a> <b>oued</b>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">וָאדִי</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">vadi</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'wadi') is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a <a href="/wiki/River_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="River valley">river valley</a>. In some instances, it may refer to a wet (<a href="/wiki/Ephemerality" title="Ephemerality">ephemeral</a>) <a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">riverbed</a> that contains water only when heavy <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) is used in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> for similar landforms.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">wādī</i></span></i> is very widely found in Arabic <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a>. Some Spanish toponyms are derived from <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Arabic">Andalusian Arabic</a> where <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">wādī</i></span></i> was used to mean a permanent river,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for example: <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal,_Seville" title="Guadalcanal, Seville">Guadalcanal</a> from <i>wādī al-qanāl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَادِي الْقَنَال</span>, "river of refreshment stalls"), <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a> from <i>wādī al-ḥijārah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَادِي الْحِجَارَة</span>, "river of stones"),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a>, from <i>al-wādī al-kabīr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اَلْوَادِي الْكَبِير</span>, "the great river"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_morphology_and_processes">General morphology and processes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General morphology and processes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wadis are located on gently sloping, nearly flat parts of deserts; commonly they begin on the distal portions of <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">alluvial fans</a> and extend to inland <a href="/wiki/Sabkha" title="Sabkha">sabkhas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dry_lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry lakes">dry lakes</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Basin_and_range_topography" title="Basin and range topography">basin and range topography</a>, wadis trend along basin axes at the terminus of fans. Permanent channels do not exist, due to lack of continual water flow. They have <a href="/wiki/Braided_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Braided stream">braided stream</a> patterns because of the deficiency of water and the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a>. Water percolates down into the stream bed, causing an abrupt loss of energy and resulting in vast deposition. Wadis may develop dams of sediment that change the stream patterns in the next <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash flood</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parched_land.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Parched_land.jpg/220px-Parched_land.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Parched_land.jpg/330px-Parched_land.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Parched_land.jpg/440px-Parched_land.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5597" data-file-height="3731" /></a><figcaption>Wadi Degla in Egypt during the dry season</figcaption></figure> <p>Wind also causes sediment deposition. When wadi sediments are underwater or moist, wind sediments are deposited over them. Thus, wadi sediments contain both wind and water sediments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sediments_and_sedimentary_structures">Sediments and sedimentary structures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sediments and sedimentary structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wadi sediments may contain a range of material, from gravel to mud, and the sedimentary structures vary widely. Thus, wadi sediments are the most diverse of all desert environments. </p><p>Flash floods result from severe energy conditions and can result in a wide range of sedimentary structures, including ripples and common plane beds. Gravels commonly display <a href="/wiki/Imbrication_(sedimentology)" title="Imbrication (sedimentology)">imbrications</a>, and mud drapes show desiccation cracks. Wind activity also generates sedimentary structures, including large-scale cross-stratification and wedge-shaped cross-sets. A typical wadi sequence consists of alternating units of wind and water sediments; each unit ranging from about 10–30 cm (4–12 in). Sediment laid by water shows complete fining upward sequence. Gravels show imbrication. Wind deposits are cross-stratified and covered with mud-cracked deposits. Some horizontal <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a> may also be present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrological_action">Hydrological action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hydrological action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg/220px-Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg/330px-Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg/440px-Triassic_wadi_deposit_Ogmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Triassic wadi deposit near Ogmore-By-Sea, Wales. <a href="/wiki/Clast" class="mw-redirect" title="Clast">Clasts</a> are <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous_Limestone" title="Carboniferous Limestone">Carboniferous Limestone</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern English usage differentiates wadis from <a href="/wiki/Canyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Canyons">canyons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">washes</a> by the action and prevalence of water. Wadis, as drainage courses, are formed by water, but are distinguished from river valleys or gullies in that surface water is intermittent or ephemeral. Wadis are generally dry year round, except after a rain. The desert environment is characterized by sudden but infrequent heavy rainfall, often resulting in <a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">flash floods</a>. Crossing wadis at certain times of the year can be dangerous as a result. </p><p>Wadis tend to be associated with centers of human population because sub-surface water is sometimes available in them. Nomadic and pastoral desert peoples will rely on seasonal vegetation found in wadis, even in regions as dry as the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, as they travel in complex <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a> routes. </p><p>The centrality of wadis to water – and human life – in desert environments gave birth to the distinct sub-field of wadi hydrology in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deposits">Deposits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deposits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deposition in a wadi is rapid because of the sudden loss of stream <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a> and seepage of water into the porous sediment. Wadi deposits are thus usually mixed gravels and sands. These sediments are often altered by <a href="/wiki/Eolianite" title="Eolianite">eolian</a> processes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, wadi deposits may become "inverted wadis," where former underground water caused vegetation and sediment to fill in the eroded channel, turning previous washes into ridges running through desert regions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 351.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 349.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wadi Bani Khalid in the Northern Governorate of Ash-Sharqiyyah Region, Oman,[6][7] Arabian Peninsula"><img alt="Wadi Bani Khalid in the Northern Governorate of Ash-Sharqiyyah Region, Oman,[6][7] Arabian Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg/524px-Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg/785px-Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg/1047px-Wadi_Bani_Khalid_East_RB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11628" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Bani_Khalid" title="Wadi Bani Khalid">Wadi Bani Khalid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ash_Sharqiyah_North_Governorate" title="Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate">Northern Governorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ash-Sharqiyyah_Region,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash-Sharqiyyah Region, Oman">Ash-Sharqiyyah Region, Oman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OmanTripper2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OmanTripper2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pedro_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pedro-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wadi Jib, a tributary of Wadi Shah, in the United Arab Emirates"><img alt="Wadi Jib, a tributary of Wadi Shah, in the United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg/480px-Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg/720px-Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg/960px-Wadi_Jib_-_Tributary_of_Wadi_Shah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Jib" class="extiw" title="es:Wadi Jib">Wadi Jib</a>, a tributary of Wadi Shah, in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NachalParan1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wadi in Nahal Paran, Negev, Israel"><img alt="Wadi in Nahal Paran, Negev, Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NachalParan1.jpg/360px-NachalParan1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NachalParan1.jpg/540px-NachalParan1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NachalParan1.jpg/720px-NachalParan1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wadi in <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Paran" title="Nahal Paran">Nahal Paran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oued_Tissint.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oued Tissint, Morocco"><img alt="Oued Tissint, Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Oued_Tissint.jpg/404px-Oued_Tissint.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Oued_Tissint.jpg/605px-Oued_Tissint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Oued_Tissint.jpg/807px-Oued_Tissint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oued Tissint, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_(Namibia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dry fluvial channel cutting through columnar basalt in Namibia"><img alt="Dry fluvial channel cutting through columnar basalt in Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg/408px-Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg/612px-Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg/816px-Dry_riverbed_and_basalt_columns_%28Namibia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dry fluvial channel cutting through columnar <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Al Bithnah Fort in the Wadi Ham, United Arab Emirates"><img alt="The Al Bithnah Fort in the Wadi Ham, United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg/480px-Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg/720px-Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg/960px-Al_Bithnah_Fort_viewed_from_the_Wadi_Ham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Al_Bithnah_Fort" title="Al Bithnah Fort">Al Bithnah Fort</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ham" title="Wadi Ham">Wadi Ham</a>, United Arab Emirates</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Wadi Shawkah in the United Arab Emirates"><img alt="The Wadi Shawkah in the United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg/480px-Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg/720px-Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg/960px-Wadi_Shawka_looking_North.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Shawka" title="Wadi Shawka">Wadi Shawkah</a> in the United Arab Emirates</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wadis in northeastern Egypt"><img alt="Wadis in northeastern Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg/405px-Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg/608px-Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg/810px-Wadi_East_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wadis in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wadi,_Socotra_Island_(14495206039).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A wadi in Socotra"><img alt="A wadi in Socotra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg/404px-Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg/607px-Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg/809px-Wadi%2C_Socotra_Island_%2814495206039%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A wadi in <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_pavement" title="Desert pavement">Alluvial desert</a> – Type of desert earth surface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo (watercourse)</a> – Dry watercourse with flow after rain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a> – Deep chasm between cliffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulee" title="Coulee">Coulee</a> – Type of valley or drainage zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulch" title="Gulch">Gulch</a> – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a> – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_river" title="Intermittent river">Intermittent river</a> – River that periodically ceases to flow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a> – Fertile area in a desert environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa"><i>Wād Ṭuwā</i></a> in the Sinai peninsula, holy Muslim site</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">"Torrent valley". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insightonscriptu02inte/page/1115/mode/2up"><i>Insight on the Scriptures</i></a></span>. Vol. 2: Jehova – Zuzim and Index. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of New York. 1988. p. 1115. <q>The term "wadi" (Arabic) is also used to designate a torrent valley<span class="nowrap"> </span>... whereas others are torrents during the rainy season but dry up completely during the rainless season.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torrent+valley&rft.btitle=Insight+on+the+Scriptures&rft.pages=1115&rft.pub=Watch+Tower+Bible+and+Tract+Society+of+New+York&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsightonscriptu02inte%2Fpage%2F1115%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406213157/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/arroyo.html">"Arroyo Definition"</a>. MSN Encarta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/arroyo.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arroyo+Definition&rft.pub=MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fdictionary_%2Farroyo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadalajara.es/recursos/doc/Turismo/Guias/32521_2222201291352.pdf">Guadalajara tourist guide, p.5.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701172107/http://www.guadalajara.es/recursos/doc/Turismo/Guias/32521_2222201291352.pdf">Archived</a> 1 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 17 August 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeunessearabe.info/article.php3?id_article=98?lang=fr">Review of Wheater, Howard ; Al Weshah, Radwan, Hydrology of Wadi systems -IHP Regional Network on Wadi Hydrology in the Arab Region</a>, UNESCO – Technical documents in hydrology vol 55, SC.2002/WS/33,(2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchiteOuillon2007" class="citation journal cs1">Achite, Mohamed; Ouillon, Sylvain (September 2007). "Suspended sediment transport in a semiarid watershed, Wadi Abd, Algeria (1973–1995)". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Hydrology" title="Journal of Hydrology">Journal of Hydrology</a></i>. <b>343</b> (3–4): 187–202. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JHyd..343..187A">2007JHyd..343..187A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2007.06.026">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Suspended+sediment+transport+in+a+semiarid+watershed%2C+Wadi+Abd%2C+Algeria+%281973%E2%80%931995%29&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=187-202&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2007.06.026&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JHyd..343..187A&rft.aulast=Achite&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.au=Ouillon%2C+Sylvain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OmanTripper2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OmanTripper2013_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlimsk2013" class="citation web cs1">Alimsk (20 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omantripper.com/wadi-bani-khalid/">"Wadi Bani Khalid & Wadi Hawer"</a>. <i>omantripper.com</i>. Oman Tripper<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omantripper.com&rft.atitle=Wadi+Bani+Khalid+%26+Wadi+Hawer&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft.au=Alimsk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omantripper.com%2Fwadi-bani-khalid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pedro-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pedro_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedro2014" class="citation web cs1">Pedro (5 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelwithpedro.com/visiting-wadi-bani-khalid-oman-desert-paradise/">"Visiting Wadi Bani Khalid, Oman: A Desert Paradise"</a>. <i>travelwithpedro.com</i>. Travel With Pedro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=travelwithpedro.com&rft.atitle=Visiting+Wadi+Bani+Khalid%2C+Oman%3A+A+Desert+Paradise&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft.au=Pedro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelwithpedro.com%2Fvisiting-wadi-bani-khalid-oman-desert-paradise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWadi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tec.army.mil/research/products/desert_guide/lsmsheet/lswadis.htm">Summary: Drainage Courses, Wadis</a>. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Desert Processes Working Group; Knowledge Sciences, Inc. (n.d), retrieved 2008-08-26.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tec.army.mil/research/products/desert_guide/lsmsheet/lsinver.htm">Summary: Summary: Drainage Courses, Wadis – Inverted</a>. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Desert Processes Working Group; Knowledge Sciences, Inc. (n.d), retrieved 2008-08-2onments</li> <li>Gelennie, K. W., 1970 Deserts sedimentary Environments. Developments in Sedimentology, v.14. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 222p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wadis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wadis">Wadis</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/wadi" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/wadi">wadi</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/water/ihp/wadi.shtml">IHP REGIONAL WADI HYDROLOGY NETWORK</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrological_Programme" title="International Hydrological Programme">International Hydrological Programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404004918/http://www.acsad.org/Departments.asp?depid=2">Arab Center for Studies of Arid Zones and Dry lands (ACSAD)</a>: Water resources division.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rivers,_streams_and_springs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Rivers,_streams_and_springs" title="Template:Rivers, streams and springs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers,_streams_and_springs" title="Template talk:Rivers, streams and springs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers,_streams_and_springs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers, streams and springs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers,_streams_and_springs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">springs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">Rivers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_river" title="Alluvial river">Alluvial river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">Braided river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_river" title="Blackwater river">Blackwater river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_pattern" title="Channel pattern">Channel pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_types" title="Channel types">Channel types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">Confluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">Distributary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Drainage basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">Subterranean river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_bifurcation" title="River bifurcation">River bifurcation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_ecosystem" title="River ecosystem">River ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_source" title="River source">River source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">Tributary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">Streams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)" title="Arroyo (watercourse)">Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_(stream)" title="Bourne (stream)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burn_(landform)" title="Burn (landform)">Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_stream" title="Chalk stream">Chalk stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulee" title="Coulee">Coulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_(hydrology)" title="Current (hydrology)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">Stream bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream channel">Stream channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamflow" title="Streamflow">Streamflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_gradient" title="Stream gradient">Stream gradient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_pool" title="Stream pool">Stream pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial stream">Perennial stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_(stream)" title="Winterbourne (stream)">Winterbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">Springs</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_springs" title="List of springs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estavelle" title="Estavelle">Estavelle/Inversac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_well" title="Holy well">Holy well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">Hot spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_springs" title="List of hot springs">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_springs_in_the_United_States" title="List of hot springs in the United States">list in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_spring" title="Karst spring">Karst spring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_karst_springs" title="List of karst springs">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_spring" title="Mineral spring">Mineral spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponor" title="Ponor">Ponor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_spring" title="Rhythmic spring">Rhythmic spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_horizon" title="Spring horizon">Spring horizon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">Sedimentary processes</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(geology)" title="Abrasion (geology)">Abrasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabranch" title="Anabranch">Anabranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggradation" title="Aggradation">Aggradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_(hydrology)" title="Armor (hydrology)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_load" title="Bed load">Bed load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_material_load" title="Bed material load">Bed material load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Granular flow">Granular flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris_flow" title="Debris flow">Debris flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposition_(geology)" title="Deposition (geology)">Deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolved_load" title="Dissolved load">Dissolved load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcutting" title="Downcutting">Downcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">Erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headward_erosion" title="Headward erosion">Headward erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickpoint" title="Knickpoint">Knickpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeochannel" title="Palaeochannel">Palaeochannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progradation" title="Progradation">Progradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrogradation" title="Retrogradation">Retrogradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltation_(geology)" title="Saltation (geology)">Saltation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_flow#River_bends" title="Secondary flow">Secondary flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sediment_transport" title="Sediment transport">Sediment transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_load" title="Suspended load">Suspended load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wash_load" title="Wash load">Wash load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_gap" title="Water gap">Water gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial#Fluvial_landforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">Fluvial landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ait" title="Ait">Ait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antecedent_drainage_stream" title="Antecedent drainage stream">Antecedent drainage stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" title="Avulsion (river)">Avulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_(geography)" title="Bank (geography)">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(river_morphology)" title="Bar (river morphology)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billabong" title="Billabong">Billabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_bank" title="Cut bank">Cut bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_island" title="Floating island">Floating island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">Fluvial terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(ravine)" title="Gill (ravine)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulch" title="Gulch">Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">Gully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen" title="Glen">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_scar" title="Meander scar">Meander scar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_bar" title="Mouth bar">Mouth bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">Oxbow lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle-pool_sequence" title="Riffle-pool sequence">Riffle-pool sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_bar" title="Point bar">Point bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">Ravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rill" title="Rill">Rill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_island" title="River island">River island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_basin" title="Rock-cut basin">Rock-cut basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_structures" title="Sedimentary structures">Sedimentary structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath" title="Strath">Strath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalweg" title="Thalweg">Thalweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">River valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial#Fluvial_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">Fluvial flow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicoidal_flow" title="Helicoidal flow">Helicoidal flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_scale_of_river_difficulty" title="International scale of river difficulty">International scale of river difficulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_jam" title="Log jam">Log jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunge_pool" title="Plunge pool">Plunge pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffle" title="Riffle">Riffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">Shoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_capture" title="Stream capture">Stream capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater" title="Whitewater">Whitewater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">Surface runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural wastewater">Agricultural wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_flush" title="First flush">First flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_runoff" title="Urban runoff">Urban runoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Floods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">stormwater</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100-year_flood" title="100-year flood">100-year flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_splay" title="Crevasse splay">Crevasse splay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_flood" title="Flash flood">Flash flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">Flood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_flooding" title="Urban flooding">Urban flooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-water_floods" title="List of non-water floods">Non-water flood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_barrier" title="Flood barrier">Flood barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_forecasting" title="Flood forecasting">Flood forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood-meadow" title="Flood-meadow">Flood-meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_pulse_concept" title="Flood pulse concept">Flood pulse concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooding_of_the_Nile" title="Flooding of the Nile">Inundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Water_Management_Model" title="Storm Water Management Model">Storm Water Management Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_period" title="Return period">Return period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution#Pollution_from_point_sources" title="Water pollution">Point source pollution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effluent" title="Effluent">Effluent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial wastewater">Industrial wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">River measurement<br />and modelling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baer%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Baer's law">Baer's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseflow" title="Baseflow">Baseflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradshaw_model" title="Bradshaw model">Bradshaw model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">Discharge (hydrology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_density" title="Drainage density">Drainage density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exner_equation" title="Exner equation">Exner equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_model" title="Groundwater model">Groundwater model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hack%27s_law" title="Hack's law">Hack's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjulstr%C3%B6m_curve" title="Hjulström curve">Hjulström curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrograph" title="Hydrograph">Hydrograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrological_model" title="Hydrological model">Hydrological model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrological_transport_model" title="Hydrological transport model">Hydrological transport model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrology)" title="Infiltration (hydrology)">Infiltration (hydrology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_stem" title="Main stem">Main stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playfair%27s_law" title="Playfair's law">Playfair's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Relief ratio">Relief ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Continuum_Concept" title="River Continuum Concept">River Continuum Concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_number" title="Rouse number">Rouse number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoff_curve_number" title="Runoff curve number">Runoff curve number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoff_model_(reservoir)" title="Runoff model (reservoir)">Runoff model (reservoir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_gauge" title="Stream gauge">Stream gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Soil_Loss_Equation" title="Universal Soil Loss Equation">Universal Soil Loss Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAFLEX" title="WAFLEX">WAFLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetted_perimeter" title="Wetted perimeter">Wetted perimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate" title="Volumetric flow rate">Volumetric flow rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/River_engineering" title="River engineering">River engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(bridge)" title="Aqueduct (bridge)">Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_lake" title="Balancing lake">Balancing lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_structure" title="Drop structure">Drop structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daylighting_(streams)" title="Daylighting (streams)">Daylighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_basin" title="Detention basin">Detention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erosion_control" title="Erosion control">Erosion control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain_restoration" title="Floodplain restoration">Floodplain restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flume" title="Flume">Flume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_basin" title="Infiltration basin">Infiltration basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leat" title="Leat">Leat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_morphology" title="River morphology">River morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">Retention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">Revetment</a></li> <li><a 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