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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_firsts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_firsts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Other firsts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_firsts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officiating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officiating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Officiating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officiating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_incidents_in_the_NHL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_incidents_in_the_NHL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Racial incidents in the NHL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_incidents_in_the_NHL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IIHF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IIHF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>IIHF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IIHF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_ice_hockey"> <div 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> The history of <b>black players in North American ice hockey</b> has roots dating back to the late 19th century. The first black <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> star was <a href="/wiki/Herb_Carnegie" title="Herb Carnegie">Herb Carnegie</a> during the Great Depression. <a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O'Ree">Willie O'Ree</a> broke the NHL's color barrier with the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-ChinaClipper_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChinaClipper-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colored_Hockey_League">Colored Hockey League</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Colored Hockey League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colored_Hockey_League" title="Colored Hockey League">Colored Hockey League</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimes">Maritimes</a> began in 1895, as an initiative of black Baptist churches in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aim was to increase and retain male membership. The league consisted of teams from Halifax, Africville, Hammond's Plains, Dartmouth, Truro, Amherst, and Charlottetown, P.E.I.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All games were on an invitational basis with the trophy still residing in a private home in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Historically, they were the first league to allow the <a href="/wiki/Goaltender" title="Goaltender">goaltender</a> to drop to the ice to stop the puck.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontario">Ontario</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ontario is geographically large, and it was impossible in the early 20th century to organize an all-black league like in Nova Scotia. Some of the early black players in Ontario ice hockey history included <a href="/wiki/Hippo_Galloway" title="Hippo Galloway">Hipple Galloway</a> and Fred Kelly. Galloway played as a member of the Woodstock team in the Central Ontario Hockey Association in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916, Fred (Bud) Kelly of London played for the 118 Battalion team of the Ontario Hockey League. Kelly was scouted by the Toronto St. Pats but was never officially contacted. One of the first all-black teams in Ontario was the Orioles. The team was from St. Catharines and played in the Niagara District Hockey League during the 1930s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herb_Carnegie" title="Herb Carnegie">Herb Carnegie</a>'s career began in 1938 with the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Young_Rangers" title="Toronto Young Rangers">Toronto Young Rangers</a> and continued in the early 1940s with the Buffalo Ankerites, a team in a mines league that played in mining towns in northern <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. While with the Ankerites, Carnegie was part of the Black Aces line.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The other line members consisted of his brother, Ossie Carnegie, and <a href="/wiki/Manny_McIntyre" title="Manny McIntyre">Manny McIntyre</a>, originally from Fredericton, New Brunswick. They were recognized as much for their talent and skill as their skin color (Herb was at center, Ossie was right wing, McIntyre was the left wing). In the semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Provincial_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Provincial League">Quebec Provincial League</a>, Herb was named most valuable player in 1946, 1947, and 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Carnegie was given a tryout with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> and offered a contract to play in the Rangers' minor league system. However, he was offered less money than he was earning in the Quebec league and turned down all three offers made by the Rangers organization during his tryout.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="WHA">WHA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: WHA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alton_White" title="Alton White">Alton White</a> played for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Golden_Blades" title="New York Golden Blades">New York Raiders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sharks" title="Los Angeles Sharks">Los Angeles Sharks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stags" title="Michigan Stags">Michigan Stags</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Blades" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Blades">Baltimore Blades</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">World Hockey Association</a> (WHA). White is best known for being the second player of African descent, after Willie O'Ree, to have played on a professional major league ice hockey team.<sup id="cite_ref-ebony_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebony-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, White is the first player of African descent to score 20 goals in a single season. He did this for the Los Angeles Sharks during the 1972–73 season. During the same 1972–73 season, he became the first black player in history to score a <a href="/wiki/Hat_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat trick">hat trick</a> in a major league professional game.<sup id="cite_ref-ebony_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebony-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a> was adopted and raised by a white family in <a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia, Ontario</a>. At age twenty, Tony McKegney signed a contract with the WHA's <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Bulls_(WHA)" title="Birmingham Bulls (WHA)">Birmingham Bulls</a>, only to see the owner illegally renege on the deal after fans threatened to boycott the team for having added a black player to its roster.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the NHL, scored over 300 career goals, including 40 in the 1987–88 season. His total of 78 points in the same season was the highest recorded by a black player until <a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> broke the record in 2001–02.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NHL">NHL</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: NHL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_black_NHL_players" title="List of black NHL players">List of black NHL players</a></div> <p>The NHL does not keep statistics on the percentages of ethnicities in the league. However, outside sources have collected statistics on the number of black players in the NHL as well as the percentage of white players in the NHL. According to an article by <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, 97% of the NHL is white, while the other 3% is made of different ethnicities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 3% of the remaining ethnicities, twenty-six are black. Twenty of the twenty-six black players are from Canada while six are American.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, the NHL is made up of 47.4% Canadians, 25.4% Americans, 9.0% Swedes, and the rest is made up by Russia, Finland, and a few other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable players of African American descent include <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a>, who is of Norwegian, African, and Swedish descent; <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a>, who is of Nigerian descent; and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Ward_(ice_hockey)" title="Joel Ward (ice hockey)">Joel Ward</a>, whose ancestors are from Barbados. </p><p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i> article in 1999 attributed the increase in black NHL players, in part, to significant demographic changes in Canada, the country which supplies the largest share of the league's players: "In 1971 there were only 34,445 blacks in Canada ... 25 years later, after heavy immigration from British Commonwealth nations in the Caribbean, Canada had 573,860 blacks (2% of the population) ...."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the NHL designed a Black History Month mobile museum. The mobile museum is a part of the "Hockey is For Everyone" campaign and is aimed to celebrate Black History Month. The mobile museum is also a commemoration of the black players who have played in the NHL. The museum completed an eight-city tour in February, with its final stop being outside the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Canada,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.">Canadian embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Girl_Hockey_Club" title="Black Girl Hockey Club">Black Girl Hockey Club</a> was founded in October 2018 by Renee Hess, an assistant director at <a href="/wiki/La_Sierra_University" title="La Sierra University">La Sierra University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a> fan, as an online chat group for black women in ice hockey. Hess previously conducted a study on black women's experiences in the game, the Black Hockey Research Project, noting that many experienced discrimination at games and that there were only three black women playing professional ice hockey in North America at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group quickly grew, and began organising meet-ups at <a href="/wiki/NHL" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL">NHL</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Hockey League">NWHL</a> games.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first NHL meet-up was held at a <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> match on December 16, 2018, and was attended by over 40 members, including NWHLer <a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Koelzer" title="Kelsey Koelzer">Kelsey Koelzer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Players">Players</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O'Ree">Willie O'Ree</a> is referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> of ice hockey" (and twice met Robinson personally, in O'Ree's own younger years)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the first black player in the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL).<sup id="cite_ref-ChinaClipper_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChinaClipper-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was called up to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> of the NHL to replace an injured player. He made his NHL debut with the Bruins on January 18 of the <a href="/wiki/1957%E2%80%9358_NHL_season" title="1957–58 NHL season">1957–58 NHL season</a>, against the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>, becoming the first black player in league history. O'Ree is still heavily involved with the NHL, in promoting the league's Diversity Program all over North America with amateur youth and adult ice hockey players.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_firsts">Other firsts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Marson" title="Mike Marson">Mike Marson</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Canadian">Black Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)" title="Winger (ice hockey)">left winger</a>. He was drafted in the second round, 19th overall by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1974_NHL_entry_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 NHL entry draft">1974 NHL entry draft</a>, making him the first black player to be drafted in an <a href="/wiki/NHL_entry_draft" title="NHL entry draft">NHL entry draft</a> (first introduced in <a href="/wiki/1963_NHL_amateur_draft" title="1963 NHL amateur draft">1963</a>). He became the second <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black Canadian</a> to play in the NHL. He played five seasons in the NHL for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings" title="Los Angeles Kings">Los Angeles Kings</a>. Mike Marson and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Riley_(ice_hockey,_born_1950)" title="Bill Riley (ice hockey, born 1950)">Bill Riley</a> (the third black player in the NHL) were also the first two black players to play in an NHL game together.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They both played for the Capitals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a> is a black Canadian, drafted by the Buffalo Sabres 32nd overall in 1979. Played in the NHL for Buffalo Sabres, Quebec Nordiques, Minnesota North Stars, New York Rangers, St. Louis Blues, Detroit Red Wings, and Chicago Blackhawks from 1979 to 1991. He was the first black player to score 40 goals in a season. He played 912 regular season games, scoring 320 goals with 319 assists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Fuhr" title="Grant Fuhr">Grant Fuhr</a> is a black Canadian <a href="/wiki/Goaltender" title="Goaltender">goaltender</a>. Making his NHL debut in the 1981–82 season, he was the first black goaltender in the NHL and later became the first black player to win the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1984_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1984 Stanley Cup Finals">1984</a>. Shortly after his retirement, in 2003, he became the first black player to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">Hockey Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_James" title="Val James">Val James</a> is an <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">defenceman</a>. He was the first American-born African American to play in the NHL, debuting with the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382_NHL_season" title="1981–82 NHL season">1981–82 season</a>. However, James was not the first African American player to be trained exclusively in the United States, as he played in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Major Junior Hockey League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grier_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grier-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a> is a black Canadian <a href="/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)" title="Winger (ice hockey)">right winger</a>. He was the first black player to be named team captain, captaining the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> from 1989 to 1995. Graham was also the first black player to be awarded <a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy" title="Frank J. Selke Trophy">Selke Trophy</a> for the best defensive forward in <a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_NHL_season" title="1990–91 NHL season">1990–91</a> as well as the first black head coach, coaching the Blackhawks during the <a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_NHL_season" title="1998–99 NHL season">1998–99 season</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a> is an African American right winger. Born in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, he became the first African American player born and trained in the United States to play in the NHL, after making his NHL debut during the <a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_NHL_season" title="1996–97 NHL season">1996–97 season</a>. He later became the first black general manager in the NHL, after being hired by the San Jose Sharks before the 2022–23 season. <sup id="cite_ref-Grier_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grier-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> is a black Canadian right winger. He is the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a>' all-time leader in goals, points, and games played. Iginla is the first black NHL player to win the <a href="/wiki/Art_Ross_Trophy" title="Art Ross Trophy">Art Ross Trophy</a> (leading point scorer) and the first to win the <a href="/wiki/Maurice_%22Rocket%22_Richard_Trophy" title="Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy">Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy</a> (leading goal scorer), both in 2002. As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada men's national ice hockey team">Canadian men's national team</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a>, he became the first black man to win any gold medal at the Winter Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Koelzer" title="Kelsey Koelzer">Kelsey Koelzer</a> is an American <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">defenceman</a> who serves as head coach of the <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_University" title="Arcadia University">Arcadia University</a> women's ice hockey program, the first black female head coach in <a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">NCAA</a> history, as well as the Advisor to the Commissioner on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Hockey League">National Women's Hockey League</a> (NWHL).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Oduya" title="Johnny Oduya">Johnny Oduya</a> is an <a href="/wiki/African_immigrants_to_Sweden" title="African immigrants to Sweden">African Swedish</a> defenceman, whose father was a <a href="/wiki/Luo_(Kenya_and_Tanzania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)">Luo</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. He became the first European-trained player of African descent to play in the NHL, after making his NHL debut during the <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season" title="2006–07 NHL season">2006–07 season</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a> is a black Canadian defenceman, whose father immigrated to Canada from <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. He was the first black player to win the award for the League's best defenceman, the <a href="/wiki/James_Norris_Memorial_Trophy" title="James Norris Memorial Trophy">James Norris Memorial Trophy</a> in 2013.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a> is a black Canadian right winger. He was the first black player to be awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="National Hockey League All-Star Game">NHL All-Star Game</a> MVP in <a href="/wiki/62nd_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="62nd National Hockey League All-Star Game">2017</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vilgrain" title="Claude Vilgrain">Claude Vilgrain</a> is a Haitian-born Canadian player. He played 89 NHL games with the Vancouver Canucks, New Jersey Devils, and Philadelphia Flyers. He played in the 1988 Olympics for Team Canada. He was raised in Quebec City, Quebec.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinton_Byfield" title="Quinton Byfield">Quinton Byfield</a> of the Sudbury Wolves of the OHL set a record for being the highest-ever selected black player in the NHL entry draft, being picked by the Los Angeles Kings at second overall in the <a href="/wiki/2020_NHL_entry_draft" title="2020 NHL entry draft">2020 NHL entry draft</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2022, the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a> as <a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">general manager</a>, making him the first black American to serve as general manager.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officiating">Officiating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Officiating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 3, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Sharrers" title="Jay Sharrers">Jay Sharrers</a> made NHL history as the first black referee to officiate an NHL game. He worked his first game as an NHL ref when the Philadelphia Flyers faced the visiting Florida Panthers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_incidents_in_the_NHL">Racial incidents in the NHL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Racial incidents in the NHL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1958 season, Canadian-born <a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O'Ree">Willie O'Ree</a> became the first player of African descent to join the National Hockey League. Playing a short career of only 45 games, O'Ree faced racism after being recalled from the Canadian minor leagues. While in the minor leagues, O'Ree recalls the racism he faced as predominantly muted. However, as soon as O'Ree entered into the NHL, racist remarks and actions by hostile fans and players appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While playing in America, O'Ree recalled one racial incident where <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> forward <a href="/wiki/Eric_Nesterenko" title="Eric Nesterenko">Eric Nesterenko</a> yelled racial slurs at O'Ree and butt-ended O'Ree with his stick. The event caused fights to break out between all players of each team and a police escort was required for O'Ree to leave the building safely.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Ree has stated that racism had not affected him in his playing career. In addition, any racial slurs, according to him, "would go in one ear, and out the other." O'Ree cites his brother as his main inspiration to become the first black player. He found that if the fans were against him playing because of his skin color, he may as well ignore it and focus on what he does best.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This motivation led Willie O'Ree to be named the "Jackie Robinson" of ice hockey by the NHL community. </p><p>When O'Ree first entered the league as the first ice hockey player of African descent, he received no recognition from the league or the media. The media did not publish any articles that the color line in ice hockey had been broken. Some newspapers who reported about the first game O'Ree played confused O'Ree's first name Willie, as Billy. O'Ree himself noted, "It didn't really dawn on me then,"<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that he had broken the color barrier in professional ice hockey. When Val James first entered the league in 1981, the NHL did not make any recognition of him being the first African American in the NHL.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> O'Ree serves as the NHL Diversity Ambassador and aims to raise participation in ice hockey by all races through hosting programs at local ice arenas. These programs include learn-to-skate clinics as well as youth ice hockey development clinics for children of multi-ethnic backgrounds. The main goal of the clinics is to increase the diversity of ice hockey and allow children who are unfamiliar with the sport to have a chance at trying it out. The clinics also address the issue of race within the ice hockey community. O'Ree's personal goals are to communicate that, "Your race can't keep you from succeeding,"<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the younger children and to share how he overcame the racism he faced during his career. </p><p>The first American-born player of African descent in the NHL was <a href="/wiki/Val_James" title="Val James">Val James</a>. James's short career was spent with the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a>. James recalls fans taunting him with racial slurs as well as players committing penalties and fights against him because of his skin color. In an interview with James, he states that he could not watch another ice hockey game for ten years due to the events of his NHL career haunting him.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Val James found the most intensive racism to be in the United States. During his career with the Buffalo Sabres, Val James recalls beer bottles being thrown at him when entering the arena as well as fans shouting racial slurs at him.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern-day racial incidents in the NHL come in many different forms; however, the most prominent are player and spectator interactions. According to an interview with <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> forward <a href="/wiki/Devante_Smith-Pelly" title="Devante Smith-Pelly">Devante Smith-Pelly</a>, "As a Black hockey player, he [Smith-Pelly] knew exactly what they meant by, 'Basketball, basketball, basketball!<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, the spectators were taunting Smith-Pelly that he is better suited to play basketball, since the majority of players in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) are African American.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith-Pelly states that this incident was "just ignorant people being ignorant."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many other racist incidents during games have also occurred. During a preseason game, while playing for the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a> had a banana thrown at him by a fan. Simmonds' response to this event was very similar to Smith-Pelly's. He believes that a strong example should be set by including a zero-tolerance policy in the NHL. With this policy enacted, any racist remarks or gestures would cause an immediate ejection from the arena and a subsequent ban from attending that organization's games.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NHL commissioner <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bettman" title="Gary Bettman">Gary Bettman</a> has supported his players' wishes by including the zero-tolerance policy for racism. According to Gary Bettman, "Even if it's only one incident it is one too many."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NHL has taken increasing action in the past few years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> against racist events, even banning four fans from the <a href="/wiki/United_Center" title="United Center">United Center</a> and all future Chicago Blackhawks events. Commissioner Gary Bettman has also raised awareness of racist incidents around the league by dedicating the month of February to "Hockey is for Everyone Month". The event starts on February 1, the same date as <a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a>, and has the goal of raising awareness of equality throughout the league. Players tape their sticks with pride tape that represents awareness of equality, respect, and inclusion. In addition, many different programs take place across the nation to include players with disabilities. The event is also promoted through social media with the hashtag HockeyIsForEveryone.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the NHL has taken strong actions against racism in the league, players still believe there is a large issue at hand. Most players, including Smith-Pelly and <a href="/wiki/Evander_Kane" title="Evander Kane">Evander Kane</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a>, believe that the NHL has still a long way to go. In their words, race as an issue in the NHL will continue to exist, due to similar incidents occurring in the NHL both sixty years ago and today. O'Ree has a hopeful outlook for the future of ice hockey's diversity. He has stated, "There's more kids of colour playing hockey today than ever before, and more girls."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, many players are optimistic that the NHL community has gathered around to protect its players from racist incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IIHF">IIHF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: IIHF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On May 11, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Anson_Carter" title="Anson Carter">Anson Carter</a> scored on <a href="/wiki/Mikael_Tellqvist" title="Mikael Tellqvist">Mikael Tellqvist</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Sweden men's national ice hockey team">Sweden men's national team</a> to lead <a href="/wiki/Canada_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada men's national ice hockey team">Canada men's national team</a> to the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2003_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2003 IIHF World Championship">2003 IIHF World Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Angela_James" title="Angela James">Angela James</a> became the first black woman inducted into the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">IIHF Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also scored 11 goals during the <a href="/wiki/1990_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="1990 IIHF Women's World Championship">1990 Women's World Championship</a> tournament, a record that still stands today. James has won four world championship gold medals, two 3 Nations Cup gold medals, and one IIHF Pacific Rim Championship gold medal with <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada women's national ice hockey team">Canada women's national team</a>.{{citation needed}date=December 2024}}</li> <li>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Kaidan_Mbereko" title="Kaidan Mbereko">Kaidan Mbereko</a> became the first black American goaltender to win a medal (bronze) at <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Junior_Championship" title="IIHF World Junior Championship">World Junior Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Laila_Edwards" title="Laila Edwards">Laila Edwards</a> became the first black woman to compete for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="United States women's national ice hockey team">United States women's national team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_ice_hockey"><span id="Women.27s_ice_hockey"></span>Women's ice hockey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Women's ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Angela_James" title="Angela James">Angela James</a> played in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Ontario_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Central Ontario Women's Hockey League">Central Ontario Women's Hockey League</a>, precursor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hockey_League_(1999)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Hockey League (1999)">National Women's Hockey League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Women's Hockey League">Canadian Women's Hockey League</a>. She represented <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada women's national ice hockey team">Canada women's national team</a> internationally. She scored 34 points (22 goals, 12 assists)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 20 games over four women's world championships,<sup id="cite_ref-iihf_seven_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iihf_seven-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 11 goals in five games in the inaugural <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World Women's Championship">World Women's Championship</a> in <a href="/wiki/1990_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="1990 IIHF Women's World Championship">1990</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obha_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obha-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, she, along with <a href="/wiki/Cammi_Granato" title="Cammi Granato">Cammi Granato</a> (United States) and <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Heaney" title="Geraldine Heaney">Geraldine Heaney</a> (CAN), became the first women to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">IIHF Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iihf_seven_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iihf_seven-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James is the daughter of a black father and white mother; she is the only <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black Canadian</a> to captain a national team.<sup id="cite_ref-blackhistory_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackhistory-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_stats">Career stats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Career stats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franchise_career">Franchise career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Franchise career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the top-ten points, goals, and assists scorers in any franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season. </p><p><i><b>Note:</b> Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game; * = Active player; <b>Bold</b> = Current team</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Points </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>GP</th> <th>G</th> <th>A</th> <th>Pts</th> <th>P/G</th> <th scope="col">Team </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> (RW)</td> <td>1,219</td> <td>525</td> <td>570</td> <td><b>1,095</b></td> <td>.90</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a> (RW)</td> <td>584</td> <td>203</td> <td>175</td> <td><b>378</b></td> <td>.65</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a> (RW)</td> <td>529</td> <td>139</td> <td>230</td> <td><b>369</b></td> <td>.70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a> (W)</td> <td>546</td> <td>172</td> <td>191</td> <td><b>363</b></td> <td>.66</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a> (D)</td> <td>528</td> <td>102</td> <td>261</td> <td><b>363</b></td> <td>.69</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a> (D)</td> <td>434</td> <td>63</td> <td>215</td> <td><b>278</b></td> <td>.64</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a> (LW)</td> <td>363</td> <td>127</td> <td>141</td> <td><b>268</b></td> <td>.74</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Darnell_Nurse" title="Darnell Nurse">Darnell Nurse</a>* (D)</td> <td>640</td> <td>76</td> <td>191</td> <td><b>267</b></td> <td>.42</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Kyle Okposo (RW)</td> <td>516</td> <td>103</td> <td>142</td> <td><b>245</b></td> <td>.47</td> <td>Buffalo Sabres </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Daley" title="Trevor Daley">Trevor Daley</a> (D)</td> <td>756</td> <td>67</td> <td>164</td> <td><b>231</b></td> <td>.31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Stars" title="Dallas Stars">Dallas Stars</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Goals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>G</th> <th>G/G</th> <th scope="col">Team </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> (RW)</td> <td>525</td> <td>.43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a> (RW)</td> <td>203</td> <td>.35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a> (W)</td> <td>172</td> <td>.32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a> (RW)</td> <td>139</td> <td>.26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a> (LW)</td> <td>127</td> <td>.35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Kyle Okposo (RW)</td> <td>103</td> <td>.20</td> <td>Buffalo Sabres </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a> (D)</td> <td>102</td> <td>.19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Neufeld" title="Ray Neufeld">Ray Neufeld</a> (RW)</td> <td>95</td> <td>.29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Whalers" title="Hartford Whalers">Hartford Whalers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Evander_Kane" title="Evander Kane">Evander Kane</a>* (LW)</td> <td>87</td> <td>.41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a> (RW)</td> <td>81</td> <td>.18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Assists </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>A</th> <th>A/G</th> <th scope="col">Team </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> (RW)</td> <td>570</td> <td>.47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a> (D)</td> <td>261</td> <td>.49</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets" title="Winnipeg Jets">Winnipeg Jets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a> (RW)</td> <td>230</td> <td>.43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a> (D)</td> <td>215</td> <td>.50</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a> (W)</td> <td>191</td> <td>.35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Darnell_Nurse" title="Darnell Nurse">Darnell Nurse</a>* (D)</td> <td>191</td> <td>.30</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers" title="Edmonton Oilers">Edmonton Oilers</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a> (RW)</td> <td>175</td> <td>.30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Jones" title="Seth Jones">Seth Jones</a> (D)</td> <td>173</td> <td>.45</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets" title="Columbus Blue Jackets">Columbus Blue Jackets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Daley" title="Trevor Daley">Trevor Daley</a> (D)</td> <td>164</td> <td>.22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Stars" title="Dallas Stars">Dallas Stars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Kyle Okposo (RW)</td> <td>142</td> <td>.28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres" title="Buffalo Sabres">Buffalo Sabres</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NHL_career">NHL career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: NHL career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the top-ten points, goals, and assists scorers in NHL history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season. </p><p><i><b>Note:</b> Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game; G/G = Goals per game; A/G = Assists per game; * = Active player</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Points </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>Pos</th> <th>GP</th> <th>G</th> <th>A</th> <th>Pts</th> <th>P/G </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>1,554</td> <td>625</td> <td>675</td> <td><b>1,300</b></td> <td>.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a></td> <td>LW</td> <td>912</td> <td>320</td> <td>319</td> <td><b>639</b></td> <td>.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Evander_Kane" title="Evander Kane">Evander Kane</a>*</td> <td>LW</td> <td>930</td> <td>326</td> <td>291</td> <td><b>617</b></td> <td>.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>1,051</td> <td>242</td> <td>372</td> <td><b>614</b></td> <td>.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>1,037</td> <td>263</td> <td>263</td> <td><b>526</b></td> <td>.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a></td> <td>D</td> <td>869</td> <td>177</td> <td>348</td> <td><b>525</b></td> <td>.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a></td> <td>W</td> <td>772</td> <td>219</td> <td>270</td> <td><b>489</b></td> <td>.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a></td> <td>D</td> <td>834</td> <td>115</td> <td>352</td> <td><b>467</b></td> <td>.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anson_Carter" title="Anson Carter">Anson Carter</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>674</td> <td>202</td> <td>212</td> <td><b>414</b></td> <td>.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Jones" title="Seth Jones">Seth Jones</a>*</td> <td>D</td> <td>797</td> <td>90</td> <td>315</td> <td><b>405</b></td> <td>.51 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Goals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>Pos</th> <th>G</th> <th>G/G </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>625</td> <td>.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Evander_Kane" title="Evander Kane">Evander Kane</a>*</td> <td>LW</td> <td>326</td> <td>.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a></td> <td>LW</td> <td>320</td> <td>.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>263</td> <td>.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>242</td> <td>.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a></td> <td>W</td> <td>219</td> <td>.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anson_Carter" title="Anson Carter">Anson Carter</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>202</td> <td>.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a></td> <td>D</td> <td>177</td> <td>.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>162</td> <td>.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Neufeld" title="Ray Neufeld">Ray Neufeld</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>157</td> <td>.26 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Assists </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Player</th> <th>Pos</th> <th>A</th> <th>A/G </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>675</td> <td>.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Okposo" title="Kyle Okposo">Kyle Okposo</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>372</td> <td>.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a></td> <td>D</td> <td>352</td> <td>.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a></td> <td>D</td> <td>348</td> <td>.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a></td> <td>LW</td> <td>319</td> <td>.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Jones" title="Seth Jones">Seth Jones</a>*</td> <td>D</td> <td>315</td> <td>.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Evander_Kane" title="Evander Kane">Evander Kane</a>*</td> <td>LW</td> <td>291</td> <td>.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a></td> <td>W</td> <td>270</td> <td>.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Simmonds" title="Wayne Simmonds">Wayne Simmonds</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>263</td> <td>.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a></td> <td>RW</td> <td>221</td> <td>.21 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_firsts">Historic firsts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historic firsts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>First black player to sign an NHL contract: <a href="/wiki/Art_Dorrington" title="Art Dorrington">Art Dorrington</a> (August 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First black player to sign a contract with an NHL team: <a href="/wiki/John_Utendale" title="John Utendale">John Utendale</a> (1955)<sup id="cite_ref-hockeycanada_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hockeycanada-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First black player in an NHL game: <a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O'Ree">Willie O'Ree</a> (January 18, 1958)</li> <li>First black head coach in the <a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">NCAA</a>: Ed Wright, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bulls_men%27s_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Bulls men's ice hockey">Buffalo Bulls</a> (1970–71)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First black player to surpass 20 goals in a single season: <a href="/wiki/Alton_White" title="Alton White">Alton White</a>, Los Angeles Sharks, WHA, 1972–73 season</li> <li>First black player to surpass 100 PIM in an NHL season: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Riley_(ice_hockey,_born_1950)" title="Bill Riley (ice hockey, born 1950)">Bill Riley</a> (1976–77)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 20 goals in a single NHL season: <a href="/wiki/Tony_McKegney" title="Tony McKegney">Tony McKegney</a> (1979–80)</li> <li>First black goaltender in the NHL: <a href="/wiki/Grant_Fuhr" title="Grant Fuhr">Grant Fuhr</a> (1981–82)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 100 goals in the NHL: Tony McKegney (1982–83)</li> <li>First black player to win the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a>: Grant Fuhr (1983–84)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 500 NHL Points: Tony McKegney (1987–88)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 200 NHL Wins: Grant Fuhr (1988–89)</li> <li>First black player to win the <a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy" title="Frank J. Selke Trophy">Frank J. Selke Trophy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Graham" title="Dirk Graham">Dirk Graham</a> (1990–91)</li> <li>First black player to win the <a href="/wiki/William_M._Jennings" title="William M. Jennings">William M. Jennings</a>: Grant Fuhr (1993–94)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 200 PIM in an NHL season: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Brashear" title="Donald Brashear">Donald Brashear</a> (1995–96)</li> <li>First black player to earn 20 shutouts: Grant Fuhr (1996–97)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 1,000 PIM in the NHL: Donald Brashear (1997–98)</li> <li>First black head coach in the NHL: Dirk Graham (<a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_NHL_season" title="1998–99 NHL season">1998–99</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a>)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 400 NHL Wins: Grant Fuhr (1999–00)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 50 goals in a single NHL season: <a href="/wiki/Jarome_Iginla" title="Jarome Iginla">Jarome Iginla</a> (2001–02)</li> <li>First black player in the <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">Hockey Hall of Fame</a>: Grant Fuhr (2003)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 2,000 PIM in the NHL: Donald Brashear (2005–06)</li> <li>First black player to surpass 500 goals in the NHL: Jarome Iginla (2011–12)</li> <li>First black player to win the <a href="/wiki/James_Norris_Memorial_Trophy" title="James Norris Memorial Trophy">James Norris Memorial Trophy</a>: <a href="/wiki/P._K._Subban" title="P. K. Subban">P. K. Subban</a> (2012–13)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_born">American born</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: American born"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>First American born black player in an NHL game: <a href="/wiki/Val_James" title="Val James">Val James</a> (1981–82)</li> <li>First American-born and exclusively American-trained black player in an NHL game: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a> (1996–97)</li> <li>First American born black player to surpass 1,000 PIM in the NHL: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Brashear" title="Donald Brashear">Donald Brashear</a> (1997–98)</li> <li>First American born black player to surpass 20 goals in a single NHL season: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Grier" title="Mike Grier">Mike Grier</a> (1998–99)</li> <li>First American born black goaltender in the NHL: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Coleman" title="Gerald Coleman">Gerald Coleman</a> (2005–06)</li> <li>First American born black player to play 1,000 NHL Games: Donald Brashear (2009–10)</li> <li>First American born black player to win the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Byfuglien" title="Dustin Byfuglien">Dustin Byfuglien</a> (2009–10)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>First black captain for Canadian national team: <a href="/wiki/Angela_James" title="Angela James">Angela James</a> (1990)</li> <li>First black coach in professional ice hockey: <a href="/wiki/John_Paris_Jr." title="John Paris Jr.">John Paris Jr.</a> of Windsor, Nova Scotia become the first black coach in professional ice hockey with the Atlanta Knights in 1994<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First black player to win a gold medal at the Winter Olympics: Jarome Iginla (2002)</li> <li>First time two black players played in the NHL in the same game: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Marson" title="Mike Marson">Mike Marson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Riley_(ice_hockey,_born_1950)" title="Bill Riley (ice hockey, born 1950)">Bill Riley</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>First black TV analyst in ice hockey: <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Weekes" title="Kevin Weekes">Kevin Weekes</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weekes provides color commentary for NHL games on the <a href="/wiki/NHL_Network_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Network (Canada)">NHL Network</a> and Hockey Night in Canada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 2020, the only African American agents in the <a href="/wiki/NHL_Players%27_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Players' Association">NHL Players' Association</a> were <a href="/wiki/Eustace_King" title="Eustace King">Eustace King</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brett_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brett Peterson (page does not exist)">Brett Peterson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harkie_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harkie Singh (page does not exist)">Harkie Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox 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href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_black_Major_League_Baseball_players" title="List of first black Major League Baseball players">List of first black Major League Baseball players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Negro_league_baseball_players" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Negro league baseball players">List of Negro league baseball players</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racial_issues_faced_by_black_quarterbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial issues faced by black quarterbacks">Racial issues faced by black quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_quarterbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of black quarterbacks">List of black quarterbacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">List of African-American sports firsts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChinaClipper-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChinaClipper_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChinaClipper_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"China Clipper" <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kwong" title="Larry Kwong">Larry Kwong</a> broke the NHL's color barrier a decade earlier than <a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O'Ree">Willie O'Ree</a>, on March 13, 1948, playing with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Forum" title="Montreal Forum">Montreal Forum</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_players_in_ice_hockey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFostyFosty2008" class="citation book cs1">Fosty, George Robert; Fosty, Darril (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_sRAQAAMAAJ&q=black+ice+hockey+colored+hockey+league"><i>George & Darril Fosty's Black Ice: The Lost History of the Colored Hockey League of the Maritimes, 1895-1925</i></a>. Nimbus Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55109-695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55109-695-7"><bdi>978-1-55109-695-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+%26+Darril+Fosty%27s+Black+Ice%3A+The+Lost+History+of+the+Colored+Hockey+League+of+the+Maritimes%2C+1895-1925&rft.pub=Nimbus+Pub.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-55109-695-7&rft.aulast=Fosty&rft.aufirst=George+Robert&rft.au=Fosty%2C+Darril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_sRAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dblack%2Bice%2Bhockey%2Bcolored%2Bhockey%2Bleague&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110211211504/http://www.birthplaceofhockey.com/hockeyists/african-n-s-teams/african-n-s-history.html">"African Nova Scotia Hockey History"</a>. <i>birthplaceofhockey.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birthplaceofhockey.com/hockeyists/african-n-s-teams/african-n-s-history/">the original</a> on February 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=birthplaceofhockey.com&rft.atitle=African+Nova+Scotia+Hockey+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birthplaceofhockey.com%2Fhockeyists%2Fafrican-n-s-teams%2Fafrican-n-s-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706170443/http://www.blackhistorysociety.ca/news.php/news/42">"African-Canadian Hockey History"</a>. <i>blackhistorysociety.ca</i>. January 25, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackhistorysociety.ca/news.php/news/42">the original</a> on July 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blackhistorysociety.ca&rft.atitle=African-Canadian+Hockey+History&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackhistorysociety.ca%2Fnews.php%2Fnews%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatesthockeylegends.com/2007/01/herb-carnegie.html">"Herb Carnegie"</a>. <i>greatesthockeylegends.com</i>. January 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greatesthockeylegends.com&rft.atitle=Herb+Carnegie&rft.date=2007-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatesthockeylegends.com%2F2007%2F01%2Fherb-carnegie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarnegieCarnegie2019" class="citation book cs1">Carnegie, Herb; Carnegie, Bernice (2019). <i>A Fly in a Pail of Milk: The Herb Carnegie Story</i>. ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781770414952" title="Special:BookSources/9781770414952"><bdi>9781770414952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fly+in+a+Pail+of+Milk%3A+The+Herb+Carnegie+Story&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781770414952&rft.aulast=Carnegie&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft.au=Carnegie%2C+Bernice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumber2004" class="citation book cs1">Humber, William (2004). <i>A Sporting Chance: Achievements of African-Canadian Athletes</i>. Toronto : Natural Heritage Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">107–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1896219993" title="Special:BookSources/1896219993"><bdi>1896219993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sporting+Chance%3A+Achievements+of+African-Canadian+Athletes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.pub=Toronto+%3A+Natural+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1896219993&rft.aulast=Humber&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebony-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebony_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebony_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XtcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64">"Rink Rookie Makes Hockey History"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>: <span class="nowrap">64–</span>68. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Wright, a former Boston University player, became the first Black coach of an NCAA hockey team. He guided Buffalo for 12 seasons in two stints from 1970-81 and 1986-87... But Wright is largely unsung in the greater hockey world today. Several college hockey officials and experts cited Kelsey Koelzer as the NCAA's first Black hockey coach</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NHL&rft.atitle=Color+of+Hockey%3A+Wright+was+NCAA+pioneer+at+Buffalo&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fnews%2Fcolor-of-hockey-wright-was-ncaa-pioneer-at-buffalo%2Fc-317614338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+players+in+ice+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubow2022" class="citation web cs1">Dubow, Josh (July 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Sports/wireStory/sharks-hire-mike-grier-nhls-black-gm-86254052">"Sharks hire Mike Grier as NHL's first Black GM"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans629" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Black genocide in the United States">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_African_diaspora" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African diaspora">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBTQ_community" title="African-American LGBTQ community">LGBTQ community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science<br />and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic<br />groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations<br />and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Freedmen" title="Cherokee Freedmen">Cherokee Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Choctaw Freedmen">Choctaw Freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_history_of_Nebraska" title="African-American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_(state)" title="African Americans in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_jurists" title="List of African American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_firsts" title="Timeline of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" 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