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</div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mataridziko"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mataridziko" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mataridziko</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sn.wikipedia.org&uselang=sn" class=""><span>Zvipo</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chichewa" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Sika akawundi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chichewa" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Gamuchirwa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zvimwe zvisarudzo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Maturusi epachako" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Maturusi epachako</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sn.wikipedia.org&uselang=sn"><span>Zvipo</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Chichewa" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sika akawundi</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Chichewa" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Gamuchirwa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mazanhi evachinjirudzi vakabuda <a href="/wiki/Help:Musumo" aria-label="Dzidza nezvezvimwe zvekuchinjirudza"><span>dzidza zvimwe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Zvinzatu</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Ereketa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayiti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Zvirozvemo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zvirozvemo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chichinura kubhaaredivi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">viga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Pekutanga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mazwi_Anotodzana_neShona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mazwi_Anotodzana_neShona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mazwi Anotodzana neShona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mazwi_Anotodzana_neShona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamwe_Mazwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamwe_Mazwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mamwe Mazwi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamwe_Mazwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mabviro_eruzivo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mabviro_eruzivo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mabviro eruzivo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mabviro_eruzivo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Zvirozvemo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hlogora tafura ye zvirozvemo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hlogora tafura ye zvirozvemo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chichewa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Enda kusipwi ririmumumwe mutauro. Rinowanikwa mu77 mitauro" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 mitauro</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चेवा भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेवा भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7" title="لغة الشيشيوا – chiArabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الشيشيوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="chiArabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7" title="لغه الشيشيوا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه الشيشيوا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chichewa" title="Idioma chichewa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma chichewa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%B1yanca" title="Nıyanca – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nıyanca" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="نییانجا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نییانجا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чычэва (мова) – chiBelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чычэва (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="chiBelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Нянджа – chiBulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нянджа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="chiBulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchitcheweg" title="Tchitcheweg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchitcheweg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja" title="Nyanja – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nyanja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%8Dev%C5%A1tina" title="Čičevština – chiCzech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čičevština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chiCzech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(sprog)" title="Nyanja (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nyanja (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – chiJerimani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="chiJerimani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ewaki" title="Çewaki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çewaki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language – Chirungu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chewa language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Chirungu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njan%C4%9Da_lingvo" title="Njanĝa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Njanĝa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chichewa" title="Idioma chichewa – chiSpanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma chichewa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="chiSpanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njand%C5%BEa_keel" title="Njandža keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Njandža keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txewera" title="Txewera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txewera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان چوایی – chiPeshiya" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چوایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="chiPeshiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njand%C5%BEan_kieli" title="Njandžan kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Njandžan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa" title="Chewa – chiFurenchi" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chewa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="chiFurenchi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(Spriik)" title="Nyanja (Spriik) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nyanja (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chichewa" title="Lingua chichewa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua chichewa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheua_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Cheua ñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Cheua ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Chewa" title="Yaren Chewa – chiHausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Chewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="chiHausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa_bhasa" title="Chichewa bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chichewa bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Chewa" title="Bahasa Chewa – chiIndonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Chewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="chiIndonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chewa" title="Lingua chewa – chiTariana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua chewa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="chiTariana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="チェワ語 – chiJapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェワ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="chiJapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Чевабзэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чевабзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Chewa" title="Bahasa Chewa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Chewa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%99%80%EC%96%B4" title="체와어 – chiKoria" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체와어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="chiKoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Ньянджа (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ньянджа (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cev%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čevų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čevų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%8Deva" title="Čičeva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čičeva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чевански јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чевански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ചെവ്വ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെവ്വ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Cewa" title="Bahasa Cewa – chiMalay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Cewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="chiMalay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="چیچوایی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چیچوایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanja_(taal)" title="Nyanja (taal) – chiDutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nyanja (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="chiDutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinyanja" title="Chinyanja – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chinyanja" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechichewa" title="Sechichewa – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sechichewa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilankhulo_cha_Chichewa" title="Chilankhulo cha Chichewa – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chilankhulo cha Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa" title="Chewa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chewa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_czewa" title="Język czewa – chiPolish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język czewa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="chiPolish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Nyanja" title="Lenga Nyanja – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Nyanja" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیوا زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیوا زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="چېوايي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېوايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_nianja" title="Língua nianja – chiPutukezi" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua nianja" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="chiPutukezi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa_simi" title="Chichewa simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chichewa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Ньянджа – chiRashiya" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ньянджа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="chiRashiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igicewa" title="Igicewa – chiRwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igicewa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="chiRwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱮᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_leid" title="Chewa leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chewa leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceva_(jazyk)" title="Čeva (jazyk) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čeva (jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Чева (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чева (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulwimi_lwesiChewa" title="Lulwimi lwesiChewa – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lulwimi lwesiChewa" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichewa" title="Chichewa – chiSwedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chichewa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="chiSwedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyanja" title="Kinyanja – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinyanja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="நியாஞ்ச மொழி – chiTamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியாஞ்ச மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="chiTamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Chewa" title="Wikang Chewa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Chewa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evaca" title="Çevaca – chiTurkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="chiTurkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Чева теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чева теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Ньянджа – chiUkrenia" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ньянджа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="chiUkrenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چیوا زبان – chiUrdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیوا زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="chiUrdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_chewa" title="Łéngua chewa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua chewa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Chewa" title="Tiếng Chewa – chiVietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Chewa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="chiVietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%BC%E8%8C%84%E8%AF%AD" title="瀼茄语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瀼茄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90" title="ნიანჯა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიანჯა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%88%87%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="齐切瓦语 – chiChinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齐切瓦语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiChinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%87" title="馬拉維文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬拉維文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33273#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Chinjirudza zvikochekero</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nzvimboyezita"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chichewa" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Zanhi</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Chichewa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (zanhi iri haripo) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Hurukuro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shandura chisiyano chemutauro" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">chiShona</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Varingi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chichewa"><span>Werenga</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Chinjirudza</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Chinjirudza mabviro</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ringa nhoroondo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Maturusi" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Maturusi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Maturusi</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chichinura kubhaaredivi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">viga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Zviito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chichewa"><span>Werenga</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Chinjirudza</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Chinjirudza mabviro</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=history"><span>Ringa nhoroondo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chikumbi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Chichewa" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Zvakakochekera pano</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chichewa" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zvinoenderana nezvashandukwa</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sn" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Isa fayera</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Mazanhi akakosha</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&oldid=101819" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Zvikochekero zvisingashanduki</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Horokodzwa yezanhi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chichewa&id=101819&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>chinjirudza zanhi rino</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChichewa"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChichewa"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tsikisa/endesazhe </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Chichewa"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Chichewa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tutunura se PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Uhlovo unotsikika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mumimwe mwishumo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chewa_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33273" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata chinhu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mataridziko"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mataridziko</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chichinura kubhaaredivi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">viga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kubva Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(runangakatsva kubva ku<a href="/w/index.php?title=VaChewa&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="VaChewa">VaChewa</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sn" dir="ltr"><p><b>Chichewa</b> kana <b>Chinyanja</b> rurimi rwunotaurwa munyika dzinoti: <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazambuko" title="Mazambuko">Mazambuko</a> ne<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. Mutauro uyu wakapararira munyika dze<a href="/wiki/SADC" title="SADC">SADC</a> nokuda kwevanhu vakatamira munyika idzi vachitsvaga mabasa, vari vashandi vakabva ku<a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> ne<a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/320px--WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="214" height="120" data-durationhint="254" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Chabota_speaking_Nyanja.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/318px--WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="212" height="120" data-durationhint="180" data-mwtitle="WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="848" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1080" data-height="612" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm/WIKITONUGES-_Timothy_speaking_Chi-Chewa.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mazwi_Anotodzana_neShona">Mazwi Anotodzana neShona</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Chinjirudza chikamu: Mazwi Anotodzana neShona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>chinjirudza</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mazwi Anotodzana neShona"><span>chinjirudza mabviro</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chichewa</a> chine mazwi mazhinji anotodzana ne<a href="/wiki/ChiShona" title="ChiShona">ChiShona</a> nemamwe akafanana zvachose. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chichewa </th> <th>Chishona </th> <th>Tsananguro </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>fanana</b> </td> <td>fanana </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>gombe</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gombe" class="mw-disambig" title="Gombe">gombe</a> </td> <td>kureva <a href="/wiki/Mucheto" title="Mucheto">mucheto</a> we <a href="/wiki/Rwizi" title="Rwizi">rwizi</a> kana <a href="/wiki/Nyanza" title="Nyanza">nyanza</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>imbvi</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imvi" title="Imvi">imvi</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>bambo</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baba" title="Baba">baba</a>, tate, bambo <sup>[<a href="/wiki/Chindau" title="Chindau">Chindau</a>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>mpini</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mupini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mupini">mupini</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>chimbudzi, chimbwaya</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimbuzi" title="Chimbuzi">chimbuzi</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mbale</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mubare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubare">mubare</a> </td> <td>kureva hanzvadzi rebare rimwechete nerako </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>bereka</b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bereka (zanhi iri haripo)">bereka</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>boola</b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuboora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuboora (zanhi iri haripo)">kuboora</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>vuma</b> </td> <td>bvuma </td> <td>rinataugwa sokuti <b>vhuma</b> paChivantu </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Chewa inoti <b>bere</b>(pronounced, vere) (breast), kureva <a href="/wiki/Zamu" title="Zamu">zamu</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>bvunda</b> kana <b>vunda</b> (rotten), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kuwunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwunda">kuwunda</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>vundula</b> (stir up), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kubvundura" title="Kubvundura">kubvundura</a> kana <a href="/wiki/Kubvondora" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubvondora">kubvondora</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>bwato</b> (boat), kureva <a href="/wiki/Bwato" class="mw-redirect" title="Bwato">bwato</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chala</b> (toe, finger), kureva <a href="/wiki/Chigunwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chigunwe">chigunwe</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>taya</b> (to lose, throw away), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kutaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutaya">kutaya</a> kana <a href="/wiki/Kurasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurasa">kurasa</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutayika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutayika (zanhi iri haripo)">Kutayika</a> (to e lost; lose one's way).</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>tate</b> kana <b>atate</b> (father), kureva <a href="/wiki/Baba" title="Baba">baba</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chaulere</b> (freely given; gift), kureva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chouerere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chouerere (zanhi iri haripo)">chouerere</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chembere</b> (old woman; a married woman with children), kureva <a href="/wiki/Chembere" title="Chembere">chembere</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chidindo</b> (stamp, seal or date stamp), kureva <a href="/wiki/Chidhindo" title="Chidhindo">chidhindo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chibayo</b> (pneumonia; pleurisy), kureva <a href="/wiki/Mabayo" title="Mabayo">mabayo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chilombo</b> (a dangerous animal; a wild animal), kureva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chirombo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chirombo (zanhi iri haripo)">chirombo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chilimwe</b> (the dry season), kureva <a href="/wiki/Chirimo" title="Chirimo">chirimo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>diso</b> kana <b>maso</b> (eye; eyes), kureva <a href="/wiki/Ziso" title="Ziso">ziso</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dondo</b> (thick bush), kureva <a href="/wiki/Dondo" class="mw-disambig" title="Dondo">dondo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>duwa</b> kana <b>maluwa</b> (flower), kureva <a href="/wiki/Ruva" title="Ruva">ruva</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dya</b> (to eat), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kudya" title="Kudya">kudya</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dzala</b> (to be full), kureva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuzara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuzara (zanhi iri haripo)">kuzara</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dziko</b> (country or territory of a chief), kureva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyika_yaShe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyika yaShe (zanhi iri haripo)">nyika yaShe</a>.</li> <li>Izwi rokuti <b>chalalo</b> rinoreva nyika sekuti nyika ye<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dzimbiri</b> (rust; green mould on copper etc), kureva <a href="/wiki/Ngura" title="Ngura">ngura</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dziwe</b> (pool on a river), kureva <a href="/wiki/Dziva" class="mw-disambig" title="Dziva">dziva</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>zuro</b> (yesterday), kureva <a href="/wiki/Nezuro" title="Nezuro">nezuro</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dzino</b>(meno) (tooth), kureva <a href="/wiki/Zino" class="mw-redirect" title="Zino">zino</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>dzuwa</b> (sun), kureva <a href="/wiki/Zuva" title="Zuva">zuva</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>kufika</b> (to arrive; to reach), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kusvika" title="Kusvika">kusvika</a>. <b>Kufikira</b> (until) ndiko kuti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusvikira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusvikira (zanhi iri haripo)">kusvikira</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fulatira</b> (to turn back on), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kufuratira" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufuratira">kufuratira</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fula</b> (to forge as a blacksmith), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kupfura" class="mw-disambig" title="Kupfura">kupfura</a> semhizha.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fupi</b> (short; near), kureva <a href="/wiki/Pfupi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfupi">pfupi</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>futsa</b>(mufutse) (to parboil vegetables, then dry them in the sun for future use), kureva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufusha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufusha (zanhi iri haripo)">kufusha</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>guwa</b> (a shelf made of clay in the house), kureva <a href="/wiki/Huva" class="mw-redirect" title="Huva">huva</a> kana <a href="/wiki/Chikuva" title="Chikuva">chikuva</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>linganika</b> (to be equal), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kuenzana" title="Kuenzana">kuenzana</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mamwe_Mazwi">Mamwe Mazwi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Chinjirudza chikamu: Mamwe Mazwi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>chinjirudza</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mamwe Mazwi"><span>chinjirudza mabviro</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chewa inoti <b>chikwati</b> (wedding), kureva <a href="/wiki/Muchato" title="Muchato">muchato</a>. Zvichida zita rokuti <a href="/wiki/Mukwati" class="mw-disambig" title="Mukwati">Mukwati</a> rinotodzana nezwi iri?</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chimanga</b> (maize or corn), kureva <a href="/wiki/Chibage" title="Chibage">chibage</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chimbala</b> (cold left-over sadza), kureva <a href="/wiki/Munya" title="Munya">munya</a> kana <a href="/wiki/Muradzwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muradzwa">muradzwa</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>basi</b> (that's all; it's enough), kureva kuti zvakwana.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chepa</b> (to be too few, to be diminished; little). <b>Kuchepetsa</b> (cause to be small or diminished).</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>chikondi</b> (love), kureva <a href="/wiki/Rudo" title="Rudo">rudo</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fisi</b> (hyena), kureva <a href="/wiki/Bere" class="mw-disambig" title="Bere">bere</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fota</b> (wither as flowers or leaves), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kuwuna" title="Kuwuna">kuwuna</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fotokoza</b> (explain), kureva <a href="/wiki/Kutsanangura" title="Kutsanangura">kutsanangura</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>fuko</b> (people), kureva <a href="/wiki/Vanhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanhu">vanhu</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>gowero</b> (boys's house or dormitory), kureva <a href="/wiki/Gota" class="mw-disambig" title="Gota">gota</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>gwero</b> (a source, beginning of a river or stream), kureva panotangira <a href="/wiki/Rwizi" title="Rwizi">rwizi</a>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>gwira</b> (to grasp; to hold; to catch). <b>Gwira nchito - to work</b>.</li> <li>Chewa inoti <b>Mlezi</b> kana <b>Leza</b> (God), kureva <a href="/wiki/Mwari" title="Mwari">Mwari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mabviro_eruzivo">Mabviro eruzivo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Chinjirudza chikamu: Mabviro eruzivo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>chinjirudza</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichewa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mabviro eruzivo"><span>chinjirudza mabviro</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/stream/anenglishnyanja00lawsgoog#page/n16">https://archive.org/stream/anenglishnyanja00lawsgoog#page/n16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=h8ExAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.ca/books?id=h8ExAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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