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<span>Global amount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_amount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Philosophical analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versus_social_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versus_social_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Versus social class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versus_social_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wealth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rykdom" title="Rykdom – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rykdom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ثراء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثراء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99rv%C9%99t" title="Sərvət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sərvət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2i-h%C3%B9" title="Châi-hù – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Châi-hù" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Богатство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Богатство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riquesa" title="Riquesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riquesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Пуянлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пуянлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohatstv%C3%AD" title="Bohatství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bohatství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupfumi" title="Hupfumi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hupfumi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigdom" title="Rigdom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rigdom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichtum" title="Reichtum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reichtum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πλούτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πλούτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riqueza" title="Riqueza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riqueza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%89o" title="Riĉo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Riĉo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberastasun" title="Aberastasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aberastasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ثروت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثروت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richesse" title="Richesse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rykdom" title="Rykdom – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rykdom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngalu" title="Ngalu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ngalu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riqueza" title="Riqueza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Riqueza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80" title="부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzi%C6%99i" title="Arziƙi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Arziƙi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հարստություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարստություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="धन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogatstvo" title="Bogatstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bogatstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richeso" title="Richeso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richeso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE" title="রিকুয়েজা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রিকুয়েজা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesejahteraan" title="Kesejahteraan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesejahteraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricchezza" title="Ricchezza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ricchezza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="עושר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עושר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಿರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Байлық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Байлық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utajiri" title="Utajiri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utajiri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5" title="ຄວາມຮັ່ງມີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄວາມຮັ່ງມີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divitiae" title="Divitiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Divitiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag%C4%81t%C4%ABba" title="Bagātība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bagātība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtas" title="Turtas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turtas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricia" title="Ricia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ricia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijkdom" title="Rijkdom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijkdom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="अर्थ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अर्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="धन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="धन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C" title="富 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="富" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikdom" title="Rikdom – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rikdom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="دولت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دولت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="شتمني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شتمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogactwo" title="Bogactwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bogactwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riqueza" title="Riqueza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Riqueza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog%C4%83%C8%9Bie" title="Bogăție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bogăție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Богатство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Богатство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Баай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Баай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wealth_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wealth (disambiguation)">Wealth (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wealthy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wealthy (disambiguation)">Wealthy (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affluence_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Affluence (disambiguation)">Affluence (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affluent_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Affluent (disambiguation)">Affluent (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png/440px-World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png/660px-World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png/880px-World_map_of_median_wealth_per_adult_by_country._Credit_Suisse._2021_publication.png 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Countries by <b><a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a></b> wealth (<a href="/wiki/US_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollars">US dollars</a>) per adult; source: Credit Suisse</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wealth</b> is the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">valuable</a> <a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">financial assets</a> or <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">physical possessions</a> which can be converted into a form that can be used for <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">transactions</a>. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">weal</i></span>, which is from an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> word stem.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, and clearly so for <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">growth economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development economics</a>, yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. A person possessing a substantial net worth is known as <i>wealthy</i>. <b>Net worth</b> is defined as the current value of one's assets less liabilities (excluding the principal in trust accounts).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the most general level, economists may define wealth as "the total of anything of value" that captures both the subjective nature of the idea and the idea that it is not a fixed or static concept. Various definitions and concepts of wealth have been asserted by various people in different contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-goulet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goulet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defining wealth can be a <a href="/wiki/Normative" class="mw-redirect" title="Normative">normative</a> process with various <a href="/wiki/Ethical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethical">ethical</a> implications, since often wealth maximization is seen as a goal or is thought to be a normative principle of its own.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heilbroner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilbroner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a>, region or country that possesses an abundance of such possessions or resources to the benefit of the common good is known as wealthy. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> definition of <i><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_wealth" title="Inclusive wealth">inclusive wealth</a></i> is a monetary measure which includes the sum of natural, human, and physical assets.<sup id="cite_ref-wealth_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wealth-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inclusive_Wealth_Report_-_IHDP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inclusive_Wealth_Report_-_IHDP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natural capital includes land, forests, <a href="/wiki/Energy_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy resources">energy resources</a>, and minerals. Human capital is the population's education and skills. Physical (or "manufactured") capital includes such things as machinery, buildings, and infrastructure. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Around 35,000 years ago <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> groups began to adopt a more settled lifestyle, as evidenced by cave drawings, burial sites, and decorative objects.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time, humans began <a href="/wiki/Trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading">trading</a> burial-site tools and developed trade networks,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who had gathered abundant burial-site tools, weapons, baskets, and food, were considered part of the wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-Beinhocker_Eric_D._2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beinhocker_Eric_D._2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (April 2023)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, in his seminal work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i>, described wealth as "the annual produce of the land and labor of the society". This "produce" is, at its simplest, a good or service which satisfies human needs, and wants of <a href="/wiki/Utility" title="Utility">utility</a>. </p><p>In popular usage, wealth can be described as an abundance of items of economic <a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">value</a>, or the state of controlling or possessing such items, usually in the form of <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> and personal <a href="/wiki/Property_(ownership_right)" class="mw-redirect" title="Property (ownership right)">property</a>. A person considered wealthy, affluent, or rich is someone who has accumulated substantial wealth relative to others in their society or reference group. </p><p>In economics, <a href="/wiki/Wealth_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth (economics)">net worth</a> refers to the value of <a href="/wiki/Assets" class="mw-redirect" title="Assets">assets</a> owned minus the value of <a href="/wiki/Liability_(accounting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liability (accounting)">liabilities</a> owed at a point in time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wealth can be categorized into three principal categories: <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a>, including homes or automobiles; monetary savings, such as the accumulation of past <a href="/wiki/Income" title="Income">income</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a> wealth of income producing assets, including <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">businesses</a>. All these delineations make wealth an especially important part of <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">social stratification</a>. Wealth provides some people "safety nets" of protection against unforeseen declines in their living standard in the event of emergency and can be transformed into home ownership, business ownership, or college education by its expenditure. </p><p>Wealth has been defined as a collection of things limited in supply, transferable, and useful in satisfying human desires.<sup id="cite_ref-Graeme_O'Geran_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graeme_O'Geran-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scarcity is a fundamental factor for wealth. When a desirable or valuable commodity (transferable good or skill) is abundantly available to everyone, the owner of the commodity will possess no potential for wealth. When a valuable or desirable commodity is in scarce supply, the owner of the commodity will possess great potential for wealth. </p><p>'Wealth' refers to some <i>accumulation</i> of resources (net asset value), whether abundant or not. 'Richness' refers to an <i>abundance</i> of such resources (income or flow). A wealthy person, group, or nation thus has more accumulated resources (capital) than a poor one. The opposite of wealth is destitution. The opposite of richness is <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>. </p><p>The term implies a <a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">social contract</a> on establishing and maintaining <a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">ownership</a> in relation to such items which can be invoked with little or no effort and expense on the part of the owner. The concept of wealth is relative and not only varies between societies, but varies between different sections or regions in the same society. A personal <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> of US$10,000 in most parts of the United States would certainly not place a person among the wealthiest citizens of that locale. Such an amount would constitute an extraordinary amount of wealth in impoverished <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>. </p><p>Concepts of wealth also vary across time. Modern labor-saving inventions and the development of the <a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a> have vastly improved the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a> in modern societies for even the poorest of people. This comparative wealth across time is also applicable to the future; given this trend of human advancement, it is possible that the standard of living that the wealthiest enjoy today will be considered impoverished by <a href="/wiki/Future_generations" title="Future generations">future generations</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">Industrialization</a> emphasized the role of technology. Many jobs were automated. Machines replaced some workers while other workers became more specialized. <a href="/wiki/Labour_specialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour specialization">Labour specialization</a> became critical to economic success. <a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a>, as it came to be known, consisting of both the <a href="/wiki/Natural_capital" title="Natural capital">natural capital</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructural_capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructural capital">infrastructural capital</a>, became the focus of the <i>analysis of wealth</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theories of <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, in the 18th century and 19th century built on these views of wealth that we now call <a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">classical economics</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxian economics</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value" title="Labor theory of value">labor theory of value</a></i>) distinguishes in the <i><a href="/wiki/Grundrisse" title="Grundrisse">Grundrisse</a></i> between material wealth and human wealth, defining human wealth as "wealth in human relations"; land and labour were the source of all material wealth. The German cultural historian Silvio Vietta links wealth/poverty to rationality. Having a leading position in the development of rational sciences, in new technologies and in economic production leads to wealth, while the opposite can be correlated with <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_amount">Global amount</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Global amount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_total_wealth_(trillions_USD),_Credit_Suisse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png/220px-Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png/330px-Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png/440px-Countries_by_total_wealth_%28trillions_USD%29%2C_Credit_Suisse.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="3766" /></a><figcaption>Countries by <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth" title="List of countries by total wealth">total wealth</a> (trillions USD), Credit Suisse</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth(in_trillions_USD),_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg/220px-Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg/330px-Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg/440px-Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth%28in_trillions_USD%29%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>World regions by total wealth (in trillions USD), 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The wealth of households worldwide amounts to US$280 <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1592" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">trillion</a> (2017). According to the eighth edition of the Global Wealth Report, in the year to mid-2017, total global wealth rose at a rate of 6.4%, the fastest pace since 2012 and reached US$280 trillion, a gain of US$16.7 trillion. This reflected widespread gains in equity markets matched by similar rises in non-financial assets, which moved above the pre-crisis year 2007's level for the first time this year. Wealth growth also outpaced population growth, so that global mean wealth per adult grew by 4.9% and reached a new record high of US$56,540 per adult. <a href="/wiki/Tim_Harford" title="Tim Harford">Tim Harford</a> has asserted that a small child has greater wealth than the 2 billion poorest people in the world combined, since a small child has no debt.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2021 global wealth report by <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>, the worldwide total net worth is currently at US$514 trillion in 2020, with China being the wealthiest nation with net worth of US$120 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another report, by <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> in 2021, suggests the total wealth of the US exceeded that of China, US$126.3 trillion to US$74.9 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_analysis">Philosophical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philosophical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Western civilization, wealth is connected with a quantitative type of thought, invented in the ancient Greek "revolution of rationality", involving for instance the quantitative analysis of nature, the rationalization of warfare, and measurement in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2013_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2012_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invention of coined money and banking was particularly important. Aristotle describes the basic function of money as a universal instrument of quantitative measurement – "for it measures all things [...]" – making things alike and comparable due to a social "agreement" of acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that way, money also enables a new type of economic society and the definition of wealth in measurable quantities, such as gold and money. Modern philosophers like Nietzsche criticized the fixation on measurable wealth: "Unsere 'Reichen' – das sind die Ärmsten! Der eigentliche Zweck alles Reichtums ist vergessen!" ("Our 'rich people' – those are the poorest! The real purpose of all wealth has been forgotten!")<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_analysis">Economic analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economic analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Savings" redirects here. For the concept of non-expenditure of income per unit of time, see <a href="/wiki/Saving" title="Saving">Saving</a>. For savings as a business objective, see <a href="/wiki/Procurement#Performance" title="Procurement">Procurement § Performance</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, wealth (in a commonly applied <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a> sense, sometimes <b>savings</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a> of a person, household, or <a href="/wiki/National_saving" title="National saving">nation</a> – that is, the value of all <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">assets</a> owned net of all <a href="/wiki/Liability_(accounting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liability (accounting)">liabilities</a> owed at a point in time. For national wealth as measured in the <a href="/wiki/National_accounts" title="National accounts">national accounts</a>, the net liabilities are those owed to the rest of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term may also be used more broadly as referring to the productive capacity of a society or as a contrast to <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analytical emphasis may be on its determinants or <a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">distribution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economic terminology distinguishes between wealth and income. Wealth or savings is a <i><a href="/wiki/Stock_and_flow" title="Stock and flow">stock</a></i> variable – that is, it is measurable <i>at a date</i> in time, for example the value of an orchard on December 31 minus debt owed on the orchard. For a given amount of wealth, say at the beginning of the year, <a href="/wiki/Income#Economic_definitions" title="Income">income</a> from that wealth, as measurable <i>over</i> say a year is a <i><a href="/wiki/Stock_and_flow" title="Stock and flow">flow</a></i> variable. What marks the income as a flow is its measurement per unit of time, such as the value of apples yielded from the orchard per year. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroeconomic">macroeconomic</a> theory the '<a href="/wiki/Wealth_effect" title="Wealth effect">wealth effect</a>' may refer to the increase in aggregate consumption from an increase in <a href="/wiki/National_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="National wealth">national wealth</a>. One feature of its effect on economic behavior is the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_elasticity_of_demand" title="Wealth elasticity of demand">wealth elasticity of demand</a>, which is the percentage change in the amount of <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">consumption</a> goods demanded for each one-percent change in wealth. </p><p>There are several historical developmental economics points of view on the basis of wealth, such as from <i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Political_Economy" title="Principles of Political Economy">Principles of Political Economy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital"><i>Capital</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the history, some of the key underlying factors in wealth creation and the measurement of the wealth include the scalable innovation and application of human knowledge in the form of institutional structure and political/ideological "superstructure", the scarce resources (both natural and man-made), and the saving of monetary assets. </p><p>Wealth may be measured in <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">nominal or real values</a> – that is, in money value as of a given date or adjusted to net out price changes. The assets include those that are tangible (<a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a>) and <i>financial</i> (money, bonds, etc.). Measurable wealth typically excludes intangible or nonmarketable assets such as <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_capital" title="Social capital">social capital</a>. In economics, 'wealth' corresponds to the accounting term '<a href="/wiki/Net_worth" title="Net worth">net worth</a>', but is measured differently. Accounting measures net worth in terms of the historical cost of assets while economics measures wealth in terms of current values. But analysis may adapt typical accounting conventions for economic purposes in social accounting (such as in <a href="/wiki/National_accounts" title="National accounts">national accounts</a>). An example of the latter is <a href="/wiki/Generational_accounting" title="Generational accounting">generational accounting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a> systems to include the <a href="/wiki/Present_value" title="Present value">present value</a> projected future outlays considered to be liabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macroeconomic questions include whether the issuance of government bonds affects <a href="/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)" title="Investment (macroeconomics)">investment</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Income_and_Product_Accounts#Accounting_for_national_product:_the_right_side_of_the_report" title="National Income and Product Accounts">consumption</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_effect" title="Wealth effect">wealth effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Environmental_assets" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental assets">Environmental assets</a> are not usually counted in measuring wealth, in part due to the difficulty of valuation for a <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">non-market good</a>. Environmental or <a href="/wiki/Green_accounting" title="Green accounting">green accounting</a> is a method of <a href="/wiki/National_accounts" title="National accounts">social accounting</a> for formulating and deriving such measures on the argument that an educated valuation is superior to a value of zero (as the implied valuation of environmental assets).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versus_social_class">Versus social class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Versus social class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:140px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_(Property).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg/140px-Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg/210px-Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg/280px-Global_Wealth_Distribution_2020_%28Property%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2021</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:296px;max-width:296px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:140px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png/294px-Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png" decoding="async" width="294" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png/441px-Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png/588px-Global-share-of-wealth-by-wealth-group-768x409.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Global share of wealth by wealth group, Credit Suisse, 2017</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">Social class</a> is not identical to wealth, but the two concepts are related (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist theory</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">socioeconomic status</a>. Wealth at the individual or household level refers to value of everything a person or family owns, including <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">financial assets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In both Marxist and Weberian theory, class is divided into <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lower_social_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower social class">lower</a>, with each further subdivided (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class" title="Upper middle class">upper middle class</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The upper class are schooled to maintain their wealth and pass it to future generations.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherraden,_Michael_1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The middle class views wealth as something for emergencies and it is seen as more of a cushion. This class comprises people that were raised with families that typically owned their own home, planned ahead and stressed the importance of education and achievement. They earn a significant income and consume many things, typically limiting their savings and investments to retirement <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pensions</a> and home ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherraden,_Michael_1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below the middle class, the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poor</a> have the least amount of wealth, with circumstances discouraging accumulation of assets.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherraden,_Michael_1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">Distribution of wealth</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:666px;max-width:666px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg/218px-2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg/327px-2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg/436px-2021_Household_wealth_by_percentile_-_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Though the 10th percentile of American households have zero net worth, the 90th percentile has $1.6 million of household wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-WealthPercentile_2021_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WealthPercentile_2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Median_household_wealth,_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/218px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/327px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/436px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Higher educational attainment in the US corresponds with median household wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-WealthEducation_2021_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WealthEducation_2021-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg/218px-2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg/327px-2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg/436px-2021_Median_wealth_by_marital_status_-_US.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Median wealth of married couples exceeds that of single individuals, regardless of gender and across all age categories.<sup id="cite_ref-WealthMaritalStatus_2021_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WealthMaritalStatus_2021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Although precise data are not available, the total <a href="/wiki/Household_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Household wealth">household wealth</a> in the world, excluding the value of <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a>, has been estimated at $418.3 <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">trillion</a> (US$418.3×10<sup>12</sup>) at the end of the year 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2018, the World Bank estimated the value of the world's produced capital, natural capital, and human capital to be $1,152 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Kuznets_curve" title="Kuznets curve">Kuznets curve</a>, inequality of wealth and income increases during the early phases of economic development, stabilizes and then becomes more equitable. </p><p>As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, about 90% of global wealth is distributed in North America, Europe, and "rich <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a>" countries,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2008, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 40% of world wealth, a number which falls to 32% when adjusted for <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Richard H Ropers, the <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Wealth inequality in the United States">concentration of wealth in the United States</a> is "inequitably distributed".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, 1% of adults were estimated to hold 46% of world wealth<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around $18.5 <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">trillion</a> was estimated to be stored in <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax havens</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wealth" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Wealth">Wealth</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Happiness" title="Gross National Happiness">Gross National Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity-improving_technologies" title="Productivity-improving technologies">Productivity-improving technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_time" title="Working time">Working time</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weal">"weal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=weal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fweal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/first/s/stanley-millionaire.html">"The Millionaire Next Door"</a>. <i>movies2.nytimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Wealth Maximization as a Normative Principle". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Legal_Studies" title="The Journal of Legal Studies">The Journal of Legal Studies</a></i>. <b>9</b> (2): 227–242. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F467637">10.1086/467637</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153759163">153759163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Legal+Studies&rft.atitle=Wealth+Maximization+as+a+Normative+Principle&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-242&rft.date=1980-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F467637&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153759163%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kronman&rft.aufirst=Anthony+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heilbroner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heilbroner_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Heilbroner" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert L. Heilbroner">Robert L. Heilbroner</a>, 1987 <a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics" title="The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics">2008</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave:_A_Dictionary_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics">The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</a></i>, v. 4, pp. 880–883. Brief preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&edition=current&button_search=GO">link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601152245/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&edition=current&button_search=GO">Archived</a> June 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wealth-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wealth_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21557732">"Free exchange: The real wealth of nations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. June 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Free+exchange%3A+The+real+wealth+of+nations&rft.date=2012-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21557732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inclusive_Wealth_Report_-_IHDP-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inclusive_Wealth_Report_-_IHDP_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630055324/http://www.ihdp.unu.edu/article/iwr/">"Inclusive Wealth Report"</a>. <i>Ihdp.unu.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/IHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="IHDP">IHDP</a>. July 9, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihdp.unu.edu/article/iwr">the original</a> on June 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ihdp.unu.edu&rft.atitle=Inclusive+Wealth+Report&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihdp.unu.edu%2Farticle%2Fiwr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinhocker2006" class="citation book cs1">Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUoolrxSFy0C"><i>The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578517770" title="Special:BookSources/9781578517770"><bdi>9781578517770</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2023</span>. <q>[...] around 35,000 years ago [...] we begin to see the first evidence of a more settled lifestyle, with burial sites, cave drawings, and decorative objects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Wealth%3A+Evolution%2C+Complexity%2C+and+the+Radical+Remaking+of+Economics&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781578517770&rft.aulast=Beinhocker&rft.aufirst=Eric+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUoolrxSFy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinhocker2006" class="citation book cs1">Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUoolrxSFy0C"><i>The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578517770" title="Special:BookSources/9781578517770"><bdi>9781578517770</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2023</span>. <q>During this period, archeologists also begin to see evidence of trading <i>between</i> groups of early humans; the evidence included burial-site tools made from nonlocal materials, seashell jewelry found with noncoastal tribes, and patterns of movement suggesting trading routes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Wealth%3A+Evolution%2C+Complexity%2C+and+the+Radical+Remaking+of+Economics&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781578517770&rft.aulast=Beinhocker&rft.aufirst=Eric+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUoolrxSFy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinhocker2006" class="citation book cs1">Beinhocker, Eric D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUoolrxSFy0C"><i>The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics</i></a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578517770" title="Special:BookSources/9781578517770"><bdi>9781578517770</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2023</span>. <q>With permanent settlements, a variety of tools, and the creation of trading networks, our ancestors achieved a level of cultural and economic sophistication that anthropologists refer to as a <i>hunter-gatherer lifestyle</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Wealth%3A+Evolution%2C+Complexity%2C+and+the+Radical+Remaking+of+Economics&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781578517770&rft.aulast=Beinhocker&rft.aufirst=Eric+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUoolrxSFy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beinhocker_Eric_D._2007-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beinhocker_Eric_D._2007_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinhocker2007" class="citation book cs1">Beinhocker, Eric D. (2007). <i>The Origin of Wealth: The Radical Remaking of Economics and What it Means for Business and Society</i>. Harvard Business Review Press; 1st edition.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Wealth%3A+The+Radical+Remaking+of+Economics+and+What+it+Means+for+Business+and+Society&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+Review+Press%3B+1st+edition&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Beinhocker&rft.aufirst=Eric+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827043330/http://topnewsage.com/wwe-superstars-net-worth-and-salary/">"WWE Superstars net worth and salary"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topnewsage.com/wwe-superstars-net-worth-and-salary/">the original</a> on August 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WWE+Superstars+net+worth+and+salary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopnewsage.com%2Fwwe-superstars-net-worth-and-salary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graeme_O'Geran-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graeme_O'Geran_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"How Wealth is Created". <i>World Book Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 15. The Grolier Society. 1949. p. 5357.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+Wealth+is+Created&rft.btitle=World+Book+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=5357&rft.pub=The+Grolier+Society&rft.date=1949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutenberg1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gutenberg1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Adam. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300">An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801054156/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300">Archived</a> August 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2013_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2013_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietta2013" class="citation book cs1">Vietta, Silvio (2013). <i>A Theory of Global Civilization: Rationality and the Irrational as the Driving Forces of History</i>. Kindle Ebooks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Theory+of+Global+Civilization%3A+Rationality+and+the+Irrational+as+the+Driving+Forces+of+History&rft.pub=Kindle+Ebooks&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Vietta&rft.aufirst=Silvio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silvio_Vietta_2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2012_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silvio_Vietta_2012_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietta2012" class="citation book cs1">Vietta, Silvio (2012). <i>Rationalität. Eine Weltgeschichte. Europäische Kulturgeschichte und Globalisierung</i>. Fink.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rationalit%C3%A4t.+Eine+Weltgeschichte.+Europ%C3%A4ische+Kulturgeschichte+und+Globalisierung&rft.pub=Fink&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Vietta&rft.aufirst=Silvio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/corporate/en/research/research-institute/global-wealth-report.html">"Global Wealth Report."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190711010352/https://www.credit-suisse.com/corporate/en/research/research-institute/global-wealth-report.html">Archived</a> July 11, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (October 18, 2018). Credit Suisse Research Institute. <i>Credit-Suisse.com</i>. Retrieved December 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/global-wealth-surges-as-china-overtakes-us-to-grab-top-spot-mckinsey-report">"Global wealth surges as China overtakes US to grab top spot: McKinsey report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>. November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Global+wealth+surges+as+China+overtakes+US+to+grab+top+spot%3A+McKinsey+report&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fglobal-wealth-surges-as-china-overtakes-us-to-grab-top-spot-mckinsey-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-15/global-wealth-surges-as-china-overtakes-u-s-to-grab-top-spot">"Global Wealth Surges as China Overtakes U.S. to Grab Top Spot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>. November 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Global+Wealth+Surges+as+China+Overtakes+U.S.+to+Grab+Top+Spot&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-11-15%2Fglobal-wealth-surges-as-china-overtakes-u-s-to-grab-top-spot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/china-overtakes-us-as-richest-country-global-wealth-mckinsey-report-1877299-2021-11-16">"China overtakes US as world's richest nation as global wealth surges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=China+overtakes+US+as+world%27s+richest+nation+as+global+wealth+surges&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fbusiness%2Fstory%2Fchina-overtakes-us-as-richest-country-global-wealth-mckinsey-report-1877299-2021-11-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/research/publications/global-wealth-report-2021-en.pdf">"Research Institute: Global wealth report 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Credit Suisse. June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Institute%3A+Global+wealth+report+2021&rft.pub=Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fmedia%2Fassets%2Fcorporate%2Fdocs%2Fabout-us%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fglobal-wealth-report-2021-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAristotle" class="citation book cs1">Aristotle. <i>Nicomachean Ethics</i>. p. 1133a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicomachean+Ethics&rft.pages=1133a&rft.au=Aristotle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNietzsche" class="citation book cs1">Nietzsche. <i>Werke in drei Bänden. III</i>. p. 419.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Werke+in+drei+B%C3%A4nden.+III&rft.pages=419&rft.au=Nietzsche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• <a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Samuelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A. Samuelson">Paul A. Samuelson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William D. Nordhaus</a>, 2004, 18th ed. <i><a href="/wiki/Economics_(textbook)" title="Economics (textbook)">Economics</a></i>, "Glossary of Terms."<br />   • Nancy D. Ruggles, 1987. "social accounting" <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave:_A_Dictionary_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics">The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</a></i>, v. 4, pp. 377–382, [380].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, 1776. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i>.<br />   • <a href="/wiki/David_S._Landes" class="mw-redirect" title="David S. Landes">David S. Landes</a>, 1998. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_and_Poverty_of_Nations" title="The Wealth and Poverty of Nations">The Wealth and Poverty of Nations</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n2/cj18n2-9.pdf">Review.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011215810/http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n2/cj18n2-9.pdf">Archived</a> October 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><br />   • <a href="/wiki/Partha_Dasgupta" title="Partha Dasgupta">Partha Dasgupta</a>, 1993. <i>An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780198288350">Description</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120800/http://www.oup.com/uk/catalogue/?ci=9780198288350">Archived</a> September 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199406163302421">review.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215175140/https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199406163302421">Archived</a> December 15, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John Bates Clark</a>, 1902. <i>The Distribution of Wealth</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ihivl3D7TOcC&dq=Clark++Distribution+&pg=RA1-PR13">Analytical Table of Contents.</a><br />   • E.N. Wolff, 2002. "Wealth Distribution" <i><a href="/wiki/International_Encyclopedia_of_the_Social_%26_Behavioral_Sciences" title="International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences">International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences</a></i>, pp. 16394–16401. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324090839/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-3SK&_rdoc=11&_hierId=151000138&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000131,151000138&_fmt=high&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=12&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9ba159b05baa21f44e844a5aba77e6f1">Abstract.</a><br />   • Robert L. Heilbroner, 1987. [<a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics" title="The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics">2008</a>]). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave:_A_Dictionary_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics">The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics</a></i>, v. 4, pp. 880–883. Brief preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&edition=current&button_search=GO">link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601152245/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/search_results?q=wealth+%22New+palgrave%22+heilbroner+%22Wealth+is+a+fundamental+concept%22&edition=current&button_search=GO">Archived</a> June 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Tuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Tuttle (page does not exist)">Charles Tuttle</a>, The Wealth Concept. A Study in Economic Theory, Source: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , Apr., 1891, Vol. 1 (Apr., 1891), pp. 615–634, Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1008953">1008953</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• Jagadeesh Gokhale, 2008. "Generational accounting." <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Palgrave_Dictionary_of_Economics" title="The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics">The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics</a></i>, 2nd Edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_G000203&q=generational%20accounting&topicid=&result_number=1">Abstract</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002085641/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_G000203&q=generational%20accounting&topicid=&result_number=1">Archived</a> October 2, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613041057/http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/gokhale-generational_accounting.pdf">uncorrected proof.</a><br />   • Laurence J. Kotlikoff, 1992, <i>Generational Accounting</i>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Barro" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert J. Barro">Robert J. Barro</a>, 1974. "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Political_Economy" title="Journal of Political Economy">Journal of Political Economy</a></i>, 8(6), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Teaching_Folder/Econ_202b_F2000/papers/Barro,_Bonds_Net_Wealth.pdf#page=2">1095–1111.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606103443/http://econ161.berkeley.edu/Teaching_Folder/Econ_202b_F2000/papers/Barro,_Bonds_Net_Wealth.pdf#page=2">Archived</a> June 6, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">• Sjak Smulders, 2008. "green national accounting" <i>The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics</i>, 2nd Edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_G000196&edition=current&q=environment&topicid=&result_number=5">Abstract.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511222001/http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_G000196&edition=current&q=environment&topicid=&result_number=5">Archived</a> May 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><br />   • <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Research Council">United States National Research Council</a>, 1994. <i>Assigning Economic Value to Natural Resources</i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy Press">National Academy Press</a>. Chapter-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=4844&page=R1">links.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607035233/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=4844&page=R1">Archived</a> June 7, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant,_J._Andrew2001" class="citation book cs1">Grant, J. Andrew (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a29qBofx8Y8C&pg=PA161">"class, definition of"</a>. In Jones, R.J. Barry (ed.). <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries A–F</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415243506" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415243506"><bdi>978-0415243506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=class%2C+definition+of&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+International+Political+Economy%3A+Entries+A%E2%80%93F&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0415243506&rft.au=Grant%2C+J.+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da29qBofx8Y8C%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeam" class="citation web cs1">Team, The Investopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wealth.asp">"Wealth Definition"</a>. <i>Investopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=Wealth+Definition&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=The+Investopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fw%2Fwealth.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherraden,_Michael_1991-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherraden,_Michael_1991_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherraden, Michael. <i>Assets and the Poor: A New American Welfare Policy</i>. Armonk: <a href="/wiki/M._E._Sharpe" title="M. E. Sharpe">M. E. Sharpe</a>, Inc., 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WealthPercentile_2021-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WealthPercentile_2021_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanHaysBennett2023" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Census Bureau. p. 2 (Table 1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524023705/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wealth+of+Households%3A+2021+%2F+Current+Population+Reports+%2F+P70BR-183&rft.pages=2+%28Table+1%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft.au=Hays%2C+Donald&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fdemo%2Fp70br-183.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WealthEducation_2021-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WealthEducation_2021_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanHaysBennett2023" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524023705/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wealth+of+Households%3A+2021+%2F+Current+Population+Reports+%2F+P70BR-183&rft.pages=5+%28Figure+2%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft.au=Hays%2C+Donald&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fdemo%2Fp70br-183.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WealthMaritalStatus_2021-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WealthMaritalStatus_2021_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanHaysBennett2023" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524023705/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wealth+of+Households%3A+2021+%2F+Current+Population+Reports+%2F+P70BR-183&rft.pages=5+%28Figure+2%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft.au=Hays%2C+Donald&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fdemo%2Fp70br-183.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/reports-research/global-wealth-report.html">"The Global Wealth Report"</a>. Credit Suisse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Wealth+Report&rft.pub=Credit+Suisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fabout-us%2Fen%2Freports-research%2Fglobal-wealth-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36400"><i>The Changing Wealth of Nations, 2021</i></a>. World Bank Group. October 27, 2021. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F978-1-4648-1590-4">10.1596/978-1-4648-1590-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10986%2F36400">10986/36400</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4648-1590-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4648-1590-4"><bdi>978-1-4648-1590-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244394817">244394817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Wealth+of+Nations%2C+2021&rft.pub=World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10986%2F36400&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244394817%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F978-1-4648-1590-4&rft.isbn=978-1-4648-1590-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%2Fhandle%2F10986%2F36400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James B. Davies, Susanna Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/discussion-papers/2008/en_GB/dp2008-03/">The World Distribution of Household Wealth, p8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016112537/http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/discussion-papers/2008/en_GB/dp2008-03/">Archived</a> October 16, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UNU-WIDER.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James B. Davies, Susanna Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/discussion-papers/2008/en_GB/dp2008-03/"><i>The World Distribution of Household Wealth</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016112537/http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/discussion-papers/2008/en_GB/dp2008-03/">Archived</a> October 16, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UNU-WIDER.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ropers, Richard H, Ph.D. <i>Persistent Poverty: The American Dream Turned Nightmare</i>. New York: Insight Books, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214155424/https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=BCDB1364-A105-0560-1332EC9100FF5C83">"<i>Global Wealth Report</i> 2013"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=BCDB1364-A105-0560-1332EC9100FF5C83">the original</a> on February 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Wealth+Report+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.credit-suisse.com%2Ftasks%2Frender%2Ffile%2F%3FfileID%3DBCDB1364-A105-0560-1332EC9100FF5C83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223000311/https://www.oxfam.org/en/eu/pressroom/pressrelease/2013-05-22/tax-havens-private-billions-could-end-extreme-poverty-twice-over">"Tax on the 'private' billions now stashed away in havens enough to end extreme world poverty twice over"</a>. <i>Oxfam International</i>. May 22, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfam.org/en/eu/pressroom/pressrelease/2013-05-22/tax-havens-private-billions-could-end-extreme-poverty-twice-over">the original</a> on December 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxfam+International&rft.atitle=Tax+on+the+%27private%27+billions+now+stashed+away+in+havens+enough+to+end+extreme+world+poverty+twice+over&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfam.org%2Fen%2Feu%2Fpressroom%2Fpressrelease%2F2013-05-22%2Ftax-havens-private-billions-could-end-extreme-poverty-twice-over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wealth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alfani, Guido (2023). <i>As Gods Among Men: A History of the Rich in the West</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-22712-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-22712-2"><bdi>978-0-691-22712-2</bdi></a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lee, Dwight R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n326.xml">"Wealth and Poverty"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i></a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">Sage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. 537–539. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n326">10.4135/9781412965811.n326</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412965804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412965804"><bdi>978-1412965804</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wealth+and+Poverty&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=537-539&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n326&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Dwight+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Flibertarianism%2Fn326.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiedmannLenzenKeyßerSteinberger2020" class="citation journal cs1">Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; Keyßer, Lorenz T.; <a href="/wiki/Julia_Steinberger" title="Julia Steinberger">Steinberger, Julia K.</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305220">"Scientists' warning on affluence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i>. <b>11</b> (3107): 3107. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.3107W">2020NatCo..11.3107W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-16941-y">10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305220">7305220</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32561753">32561753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Scientists%27+warning+on+affluence&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3107&rft.pages=3107&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7305220%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32561753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-16941-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatCo..11.3107W&rft.aulast=Wiedmann&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Lenzen%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Key%C3%9Fer%2C+Lorenz+T.&rft.au=Steinberger%2C+Julia+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7305220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWealth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism" title="Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism" title="Template talk:Capitalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Aspects and <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">perspectives</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy_of_production" title="Anarchy of production">Anarchy of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">Centralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopreneurship" title="Ecopreneurship">Ecopreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of capitalist theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy#Capitalism" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">Market failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchantilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchantilism">Merchantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">Multinational corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">Oligopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wealth</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_model" title="Anglo-Saxon model">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-capitalism" title="Neo-capitalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social capitalism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Cultural aspects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_mobility" title="Economic mobility">Economic mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li>Mainstream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Private foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law#In_relation_to_economics" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_market_flexibility" title="Labour market flexibility">Labour market flexibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_supply" title="Labour supply">Labour supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">Productivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_venture_capital" title="Social venture capital">Social venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">Unemployment</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_fundamentalism" title="Market fundamentalism">Market fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antithesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market socialism">Free-market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-scarcity economy">Post-scarcity economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extreme_wealth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wealth" title="Template:Wealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wealth" title="Template talk:Wealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extreme_wealth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extreme <a class="mw-selflink selflink">wealth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overaccumulation" title="Overaccumulation">Overaccumulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">Economic inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth distribution">Wealth distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_distribution" title="Income distribution">Income distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumption_distribution" title="Consumption distribution">Consumption distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_inequality" title="History of economic inequality">History of economic inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_inequality" title="International inequality">International inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overclass" title="Overclass">Overclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonomy" title="Plutonomy">Plutonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation of capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">Upper class</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche"><i>Nouveau riche</i> <wbr />(new money)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money"><i>Vieux riche</i> <wbr />(old money)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">Luxury goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veblen_good" title="Veblen good">Veblen goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">Conspicuous consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">Conspicuous leisure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury beliefs">Luxury beliefs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">Billionaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_of_industry" title="Captain of industry">Captain of industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high-net-worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high-net-worth individual">UHNWI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">Magnate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">Business</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">Millionaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_oligarch" title="Business oligarch">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_oligarchs" title="Ukrainian oligarchs">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robber_baron_(industrialist)" title="Robber baron (industrialist)">Robber baron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth concentration">Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic wealth">Dynastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_effect" title="Wealth effect">Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_wealth" title="Geography and wealth">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inherited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_management" title="Wealth management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="National wealth">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_wealth" title="Paper wealth">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">Tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_net_worth" title="Lists of people by net worth">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires"><i>Forbes</i> list of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_centibillionaires" title="List of centibillionaires">List of centibillionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_billionaires" title="List of female billionaires">Female billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royalty_by_net_worth" title="List of royalty by net worth">Richest royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">Wealthiest Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_families" title="List of wealthiest families">Wealthiest families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wealthiest organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies by revenue">Largest companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_corporate_profits_and_losses" title="List of largest corporate profits and losses">Largest corporate profits and losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization" title="List of public corporations by market capitalization">Largest corporations by market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_financial_services_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest financial services companies by revenue">Largest financial services companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_manufacturing_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue">Largest manufacturing companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">Largest software companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest technology companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_charitable_foundations" title="List of wealthiest charitable foundations">Charities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philanthropists" title="List of philanthropists">Philanthropists</a></li></ul></li> <li>Universities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_institutions_of_higher_education_by_endowment_size" title="Lists of institutions of higher education by endowment size">Endowment size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_by_number_of_billionaire_alumni" title="List of universities by number of billionaire alumni">Number of billionaire alumni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">Cities by number of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of billionaires">Countries by number of billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth" title="List of countries by total wealth">Countries by total wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_wealth_inequality" title="List of sovereign states by wealth inequality">Countries by wealth inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Wealth inequality in the United States">Wealth inequality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_expensive_items_by_category" title="Lists of most expensive items by category">Most expensive items</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_most_expensive_things" title="Category:Lists of most expensive things">by category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_animals" title="List of wealthiest animals">Wealthiest animals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_affluence" title="Diseases of affluence">Diseases of affluence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism#Celebrity_narcissism" title="Narcissism">Acquired situational narcissism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_crumenam" title="Argumentum ad crumenam">Argumentum ad crumenam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Wealth" title="The Gospel of Wealth">Gospel of Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthrocapitalism" title="Philanthrocapitalism">Philanthrocapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_rich_get_richer_and_the_poor_get_poorer" title="The rich get richer and the poor get poorer">The rich get richer and the poor get poorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_for_the_rich_and_capitalism_for_the_poor" title="Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor">Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_big_to_fail" title="Too big to fail">Too big to fail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus_(play)" title="Plutus (play)"><i>Plutus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Greek god of wealth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superclass_(book)" title="Superclass (book)"><i>Superclass</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Superclass_List" title="The Superclass List">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_the_Leisure_Class" title="The Theory of the Leisure Class">The Theory of the Leisure Class</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_(film)" title="Wealth (film)"><i>Wealth</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth" title="Category:Wealth">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wealth_by_country" title="Category:Wealth by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049185-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wealth"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85145828">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Richesse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977007d">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Richesse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977007d">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bohatství"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118947&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Riqueza"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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