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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14th–16th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>14th–16th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14th–16th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th–21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th–21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>18th–21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th–21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Regional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Western cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northeastern_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northeastern_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Northeastern cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northeastern_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Southern cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Indonesian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surinamese_and_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surinamese_and_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Surinamese and Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surinamese_and_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_meals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_meals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure of meals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure_of_meals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure of meals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_meals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Breakfast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breakfast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Breakfast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breakfast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lunch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cheese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Cheese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coffee_break_and_sweets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coffee_break_and_sweets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coffee break and sweets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coffee_break_and_sweets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gebak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Gebak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Koek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snoep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snoep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Snoep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snoep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borreltijd_and_savouries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borreltijd_and_savouries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Borreltijd and savouries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borreltijd_and_savouries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Dinner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meat_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Meat dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flour_and_dairy_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flour_and_dairy_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Flour and dairy dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flour_and_dairy_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seafood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seafood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Seafood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seafood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Side dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toetje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toetje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Toetje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toetje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_occasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_occasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special occasions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_occasions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special occasions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_occasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Birth and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sinterklaas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinterklaas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sinterklaas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinterklaas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Christmas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>New year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Easter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Easter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Easter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Easter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fast_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fast_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fast food</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fast_food-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fast food subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fast_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Snackbars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snackbars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Snackbars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snackbars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>On the road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fish_stalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish_stalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fish stalls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish_stalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dutch cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0erlendisc_%C7%A3t" title="Niðerlendisc ǣt – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niðerlendisc ǣt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="مطبخ هولندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ هولندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland_m%C9%99tb%C9%99xi" title="Niderland mətbəxi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niderland mətbəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Нидерландска кухня – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нидерландска кухня" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Gastronomia dels Països Baixos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia dels Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemsk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Nizozemská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nizozemská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederl%C3%A4ndische_K%C3%BCche" title="Niederländische Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niederländische Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" title="Gastronomía de los Países Bajos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de los Países Bajos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlanda_kuirarto" title="Nederlanda kuirarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nederlanda kuirarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آشپزی هلندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی هلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_n%C3%A9erlandaise" title="Cuisine néerlandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine néerlandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="네덜란드 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Նիդերլանդական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիդերլանդական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidangan_Belanda" title="Hidangan Belanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidangan Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_olandese" title="Cucina olandese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina olandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="המטבח ההולנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטבח ההולנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Walanda" title="Masakan Walanda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Masakan Walanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of the Netherlands</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam,_Netherlands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg/220px-005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg/330px-005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg/440px-005_Cheese_shop_in_Amsterdam%2C_Netherlands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Gouda cheese</figcaption></figure> <p> <b>Dutch cuisine</b> is formed from the <a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">cooking</a> traditions and practices of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The country's cuisine is shaped by its location on the fertile <a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</a> at the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, giving rise to <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Farming">farming</a>, and overseas trade. Due to the availability of water and flat grassland, the Dutch diet contains many dairy products such as <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_cheeses" title="List of Dutch cheeses">cheese</a>. The court of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a> enriched the cuisine of the elite in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> in the 15th and 16th century,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so did in the 17th and 18th century colonial trade, when the Dutch ruled the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a>, played a pivotal role in the global spread of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, and started the modern era of <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, by developing the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_process_chocolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch process chocolate">Dutch process chocolate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Dutch food and food production became designed to be efficient,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was so successful that the country became the world's second-largest exporter of agricultural products by value behind the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gave the Dutch the reputation of being the feeders of the world, but Dutch food, such as <a href="/wiki/Stamppot" title="Stamppot">stamppot</a>, of having a bland taste.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, influenced by the eating culture of its colonies (particularly the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a>), and later by <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, there is a renewed focus on taste, which is also reflected in the 119 Michelin star restaurants in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dutch cuisine can traditionally be divided in three regions. The northeast of the country is known for its meats and sausages (<a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">rookworst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metworst" title="Metworst">metworst</a>) and heavy <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a>, the west for fish (<a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">smoked eel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">soused herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kibbeling" title="Kibbeling">kibbeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>), spirits (<a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</a>) and dairy based products (<a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">stroopwafel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boerenkaas" title="Boerenkaas">boerenkaas</a>), and the south for stews (<a href="/wiki/Hach%C3%A9e" title="Hachée">hachee</a>), fruit products and pastry (<a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">Limburgse vlaai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_butter" title="Apple butter">apple butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">bossche bol</a>). A peculiar characteristic for Dutch breakfast and lunch is the sweet bread toppings such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hagelslag" title="Hagelslag">hagelslag</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vlokken" title="Vlokken">vlokken</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">muisjes</a>,</i> and the Dutch are the highest consumers of liquorice in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14th–16th_centuries"><span id="14th.E2.80.9316th_centuries"></span>14th–16th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 14th–16th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Early cookbooks for the elite picture a homogeneous food culture across Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences were in the use of what was locally available; milk and butter—from the low-lying grasslands of <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a>—were used in the Netherlands, in comparison to bacon fat used in German countries and England, and oil in Southern Europe. Dutch butter and cheese continued to be famous products for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common people ate half-liquid <i>brij</i> or <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottage" title="Pottage">potage</a> (consisting of root vegetables, peas, herbs, meat and fish) and <i>soppe</i> (vegetable/meat/fish paste, thickened with bread).<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a> flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Gruit" title="Gruit">gruit</a> was the common drink as water was of poor quality,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was produced until the 14th century at the monasteries. The replacement of gruit for <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hop</a>, a German innovation, extended shelf life, turning the Low Counties into a major beer exporter. It still is the largest beer exporter of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brand_(beer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand (beer)"><i>Brand</i></a>, established in 1349, is the country's oldest beer brand. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haring_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haring_03.jpg/220px-Haring_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haring_03.jpg/330px-Haring_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haring_03.jpg/440px-Haring_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>How <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">Hollandse Nieuwe</a> is eaten</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 14th century <a href="/wiki/Gibbing" title="Gibbing">gibbing</a> was invented by <a href="/wiki/William_Buckels" title="William Buckels">Willem Beukelszoon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extending the shelf life of herring, making it possible to sail further and catch more. It created a booming export industry for and a monopoly in <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">soused herring</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">maatjesharing</i>), and sat the foundation for the later seafaring and colonial <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch still celebrate <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaggetjesdag" class="extiw" title="nl:Vlaggetjesdag">Vlaggetjesdag</a></i> (Flag Day) each spring, when fishermen go out to sea to capture the annual herring catch: <i>Hollandse Nieuwe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vegetable Gardens were used by monasteries and later by castles for their own kitchens. <a href="/wiki/Keukenhof" title="Keukenhof">Keukenhof</a> (literally <i>kitchen garden</i>, but now a flower park) is such an example. Orchards for pears and apples connected to castles were later used for export and set off a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a> tradition that remains to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the castles, which have hunting grounds as well, <a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a> began to emerge, and in 1510, the first Dutch-language cook book, aimed at the upper class, was printed in Brussels, called <i>Een notabel boecxken van cokeryen</i> (<i>A notable book of cookery</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-DBNL_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBNL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It offers recipes for festivities, such as sauces, game, jellies, fish, meat, pies, eggs, dairy products, candied quinces and ginger, and contains one of the world's oldest known recipes for <i>appeltaerten</i>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_apple_pie" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch apple pie">apple pie</a>. The recipes come from various sources, such as the French recipe book <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Viandier" title="Le Viandier">Le Viandier</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-DBNL_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBNL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflecting the close ties between Dutch cuisine and the northern <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a>, as the whole region was part of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a>, with a glamorous court life and lavish feasts. Traditional Dutch restaurants from the south are still referred to as <i>Bourgondisch</i>, alluding to the luxurious meals of yesteryear.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg/300px-Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg/450px-Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg/600px-Still_Life_with_Turkey_Pie_1627_Pieter_Claesz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Still life with turkey pie, oysters, lemon and grapes by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Claesz" title="Pieter Claesz">Pieter Claesz</a> (1627).</div></figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> entered <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">its Golden Age</a>, lavish dishes became available to the wealthy middle class as well. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> monopolised the trade in <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mace_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mace (spice)">mace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provided in 1661 more than half of the refined sugar consumed in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the first to import <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> on a large scale to Europe, popularising the concept of <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffee houses</a> for the masses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from coffee, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> became a daily commodity, which was served with candy, marzipan and cookies. The availability of cheaper spices resulted in a tradition of spiced cookies, called <i><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">speculaas</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially spices were used to indicate social status, but this disappeared with the influx of spices in Dutch market, and it was the elite who were the first to ban the frequent use of spices. The cookbook <i>De Verstandige Kok</i> (or <i>The Reasonable Chef</i>), published in 1667, reflects this, and further more shows that meal started with green salads and cold or warm cooked vegetables with dressing, butter, herbs or edible flowers, and continued with numerous fish and meat dishes, including exotic ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">dates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>. Savoury tarts and pastries followed, and the meal ended with jellies, cheese, nuts and sweet pastries, washed down with <a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">hippocras</a>, a sweet spiced wine.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in the Golden Age, the everyday meal of the ordinary Dutchman was still a humble affair of grain or legume pottage served with <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th–21st_centuries"><span id="18th.E2.80.9321st_centuries"></span>18th–21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th–21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 19th century, the staple for the working population, that suffered from some form of malnutrition,<sup id="cite_ref-wintle_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wintle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was bread (<a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a> in some areas) and potato (introduced from South America),<sup id="cite_ref-wintle_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wintle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pancakes, occasionally <a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">herring</a> and other fish, fruit, vegetables, and little meat. They drank water of poor quality, watery coffee (or <a href="/wiki/Chicory" title="Chicory">chicory</a>) or tea. In some areas hot chocolate was consumed, but the most popular drinks were <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> (predominantly in the Catholic south) and <a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</a>, of which the consumption was twice that of the equivalent consumption of distilled spirits in neighbouring countries.<sup id="cite_ref-wintle_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wintle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png/220px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png/330px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png/440px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_-_The_Potato_Eaters.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Eaters" title="The Potato Eaters">The Potato Eaters</a></i> (1885): peasants from his home village <a href="/wiki/Nuenen" title="Nuenen">Nuenen</a> having dinner.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 20th century, the availability of <a href="/wiki/Mass_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass education">mass education</a> meant that girls could be sent to the <i>Huishoudschool</i> (housekeeping school), that teach them to cook cheap and simple meals, leading to an increased uniform and plain look of the Dutch diet. However, Initially influenced by the eating culture of its colonies (particularly the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a>), and later by <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>, the diet changed significantly, and became <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">cosmopolitan</a>. Most international cuisines are represented in the <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of the Netherlands">major cities</a> and there is a renewed interest in taste, which is reflected in the 119 Michelin star restaurants in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch agriculture roughly consists of five sectors: <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse</a>-based, <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">tillage</a>-based, fruit agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_P5260299b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/220px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/330px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Tomato_P5260299b.jpg/440px-Tomato_P5260299b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Westland_(region),_Netherlands" title="Westland (region), Netherlands">Westland</a> region, greenhouse capital of the world, a million tons of tomatoes per year are grown on only 18 square kilometers of area, making it number one globally in efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Greenhouses are used to produce <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet pepper">sweet peppers</a>. The Netherlands has shown itself to be the standard-bearer of high-tech greenhouse technology. <a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University_%26_Research" title="Wageningen University & Research">Wageningen University and Research</a> are the primary architects of this technology, working 80 kilometers southeast of Amsterdam. The university is considered the top agricultural research institution in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tillage-based crops include <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale" title="Kale">kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_bean" title="Green bean">green beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celeriac" title="Celeriac">celeriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, all the common kinds of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels_sprouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels sprouts">Brussels sprouts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endive" title="Endive">endive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_endive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian endive">Belgian endive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>. Recently some initiatives have been started to encourage interest in such "forgotten" vegetables as <a href="/wiki/Common_purslane" class="mw-redirect" title="Common purslane">common purslane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Medlar">medlars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnips</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_salsify" class="mw-redirect" title="Black salsify">black salsify</a>.</li> <li>Fruits include <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>.</li> <li>The Dutch keep <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cattle</a> for milk, butter, cheese, and for their meat, <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a> for their eggs and for meat, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> for their meat and a variety of non-edible products, and sheep for their <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Goats</a> are increasingly kept for cheese production. Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">horse meat</a> was a common dish (steak, sausage, and thinly-sliced smoked meat), but it is less popular today.</li> <li>The fishery sector lands <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_plaice" title="European plaice">European plaice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soleidae" title="Soleidae">sole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">eels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a>. The Dutch are famous for their <a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">smoked eel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">soused herring</a>, which is eaten raw.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional">Regional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many food origins can be traced back to one of the three general regional forms of Dutch cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some agricultural products and foodstuffs from these regions are protected by EU law as <i><a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">Protected designation of origin</a></i>, like <a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noord-Hollandse_Gouda" class="mw-redirect" title="Noord-Hollandse Gouda">Noord-Hollandse Gouda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kanterkaas" title="Kanterkaas">kanterkaas</a> (cumin cheese and clove cheese), <i><a href="/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed" title="Traditional speciality guaranteed">Traditional speciality guaranteed</a></i>, like <a href="/wiki/Boerenkaas" title="Boerenkaas">boerenkaas</a> (farmer's cheese) and <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">Hollandse nieuwe</a> (soused herring), and the less strict variant of <i>Protected geographical indication,</i> like <a href="/wiki/Edam_cheese" title="Edam cheese">Edam Holland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">Limburgse vlaai</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_cuisine">Western cuisine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western Dutch cuisine is found in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/North_Holland" title="North Holland">North Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Holland" title="South Holland">South Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(province)" title="Utrecht (province)">Utrecht</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderlandic</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Betuwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Betuwe">Betuwe</a>. Due to the abundance of flat grassland and accessible freshwater sources, this region is ideal for raising cattle and is known for its many dairy products. Historically, the direct access to the sea made fish readily available, as well as spices, coffee, chocolate and sugar shipped from the overseas colonies. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg/220px-Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg/330px-Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg/440px-Zeeuwse_bolus_met_boter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1285" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></i> with butter</figcaption></figure> <p>The butter produced by Zeeland and South Holland contains a larger amount of <a href="/wiki/Milkfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Milkfat">milkfat</a> than most other European varieties, resulting in a regional cuisine with a wide variety of rich, buttery flavoured pasty. Cookies of all sorts are produced in great number and tend to contain much butter and sugar. The <i><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">stroopwafel</a></i> is well known, as are cookies with a filling of some kind, mostly almond, like <i><a href="/wiki/Gevulde_koek" title="Gevulde koek">gevulde koek</a></i>. Pastries in this area also tend to be quite doughy and to contain large amounts of sugar, either caramelised, powdered or crystallised. The <i><a href="/wiki/Oliebol" title="Oliebol">oliebol</a></i> (in its modern form) and <i><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></i> are good examples. <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duivekater" class="extiw" title="nl:Duivekater">Duivekater</a></i> is a moist doughy white bread from the <a href="/wiki/Zaan" title="Zaan">Zaanstreek</a> in North Holland which is eaten with butter; the recipe goes back hundreds of years. </p><p>A by-product of the butter-making process, <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> (<i>karnemelk</i>) is typically used in this region's cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Leyden_cheese" title="Leyden cheese">Leyden cheese</a>, spiced with cumin and traditionally produced with <a href="/wiki/Skimmed_milk" title="Skimmed milk">skimmed milk</a>, can also be considered a by-product in the same way. Traditional farm-made Leyden cheese from this region has been given a <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SmallEdamCheese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SmallEdamCheese.jpg/220px-SmallEdamCheese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SmallEdamCheese.jpg/330px-SmallEdamCheese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SmallEdamCheese.jpg/440px-SmallEdamCheese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A small <a href="/wiki/Edam_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edam (cheese)">Edam</a> cheese with the traditional red wax coating</figcaption></figure> <p>For centuries this region has provided prominent <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_cheeses" title="List of Dutch cheeses">Dutch cheeses</a>, named after the cities where each cheese was sold. Recorded history of <a href="/wiki/Gouda_cheese" title="Gouda cheese">Gouda cheese</a> arguably starts in 1184,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it one of the oldest cheeses that is still in production using its original recipe. <a href="/wiki/Edam_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edam (cheese)">Edam cheese</a>, traditionally produced in small waxed spheres, has been made since the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cheeses are made with full-fat milk, and thus they are not by-products of butter production; the young varieties have a milky flavour. </p><p>Cheeses sold as Gouda or Edam are now produced everywhere in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, the European Commission has designated the specific names "Gouda Holland" and "Edam Holland" as <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indications_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indications in the European Union">protected geographical indications</a> (PGIs). Cheese that are certified with these protected names must be produced in Holland using traditional methods with milk from Dutch cows and must undergo a natural aging process. Trademarked cheeses such as <a href="/wiki/Leerdammer" title="Leerdammer">Leerdammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beemster_cheese" title="Beemster cheese">Beemster</a> and <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdamsche_Oude" class="extiw" title="nl:Rotterdamsche Oude">Rotterdamsche Oude</a> also originate in this region. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring">soused herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_mussel" title="Blue mussel">mussels</a> (called <i>Zeeuwse Mosselen</i>, since all Dutch mussels for consumption are cleaned in Zeeland's <a href="/wiki/Oosterschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Oosterschelde">Oosterschelde</a>), <a href="/wiki/European_eel" title="European eel">eels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">shrimp</a> are widely available and typical for the region. <i><a href="/wiki/Kibbeling" title="Kibbeling">Kibbeling</a></i>, which consists of small chunks of battered <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_(fisheries_term)" title="Whitefish (fisheries term)">white fish</a>, is a local delicacy that has grown in popularity to become a national <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG/220px-Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG/330px-Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG/440px-Osseworst_en_Amsterdamse_uitjes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Ossenworst</i> with Amsterdam onions.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indirectly a product of the sea due to its imported spices, <a href="/wiki/Ossenworst" title="Ossenworst">Ossenworst</a> (ox sausage) is a raw beef sausage which used to be made of <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a> meat. This specialty has its origins in seventeenth-century <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, when oxen were imported large-scale from Denmark and Germany. The spices in the sausage, such as <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>, mace and <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, came overseas from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beef_aging" title="Beef aging">Aged beef</a> was used for this sausage, which was <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">smoked</a> at such a low temperature that the meat remained raw. Present-day Amsterdam ossenworst is made with lean beef, and the sausage is now often neither smoked nor aged. It is often eaten with <i>Amsterdamse uitjes</i>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Pickled_onion" title="Pickled onion">pickled onion</a>. The tradition of pickling onions and <i>augurk</i> or z<i>ure bom</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">pickled cucumbers</a>) is a contribution of Amsterdam's Jewish community. Traditionally, soused herring is only eaten in Amsterdam with pickled cucumber. </p><p>The region harbours the largest <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a> cluster in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the Netherlands one of the leading exporters of <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chocolate industry is located in this region both because of its colonial past and because Amsterdam was the site of an important innovation in chocolate production. In 1828 <a href="/wiki/Coenraad_van_Houten" class="mw-redirect" title="Coenraad van Houten">Coenraad van Houten</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Dutch_process_cocoa" title="Dutch process cocoa">a new process</a> that allowed chocolate — which until then had been consumed as a liquid — to be manufactured in solid form. Van Houten produced chocolate first in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and later in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weesp" title="Weesp">Weesp</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Droste" title="Droste">Droste</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chocomel" title="Chocomel">Chocomel</a> originated in <a href="/wiki/Zoetermeer" title="Zoetermeer">Zoetermeer</a>; this trademarked chocolate-flavoured milk is a very popular type of <a href="/wiki/Koek-en-zopie" title="Koek-en-zopie">Koek-en-zopie</a> (the food and drink sold to ice skaters). <a href="/wiki/Zaandam" title="Zaandam">Zaandam</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Verkade" title="Verkade">Verkade</a> and also the headquarters of a relatively new Dutch <a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">fair trade</a> chocolate brand, <a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Chocolonely" title="Tony's Chocolonely">Tony's Chocoloney</a>. De Zaanstreek is also noted for its <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a> (a popular condiment for <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a>) and its whole-grain <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustards</a> (a popular accompaniment to <i><a href="/wiki/Bitterballen" title="Bitterballen">bitterballen</a>)</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG/220px-Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG/330px-Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG/440px-Hollandse_Graanjenever_0495.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><i>Hollandse graanjenever</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The traditional alcoholic beverages of this region are beer (pale lager) and <i><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</a></i>, a high proof <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a>-flavored spirit that came to be known in England as <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">gin</a>. The region is home to the majority of the <i>jeneversteden</i>, or 'jenever cities'. <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Bols" title="Lucas Bols">Lucas Bols</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ketel_One" title="Ketel One">Nolet</a> (Ketel One) in <a href="/wiki/Schiedam" title="Schiedam">Schiedam</a> are the oldest and third-oldest distilleries of the world respectively. <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> is also known for its jenever. The Bols family established a liquor distillery in Amsterdam in 1575 that started worldwide distribution of its products at the turn of the 18th century, with 300 liquor recipes. It has since introduced many other flavours, such as <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Blue Curaçao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisang_Ambon" title="Pisang Ambon">Pisang Ambon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nolet Distillery in Schiedam was founded in 1691, and has remained in the Nolet family ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notable exception to the traditional types of Dutch alcoholic beverages is also native to this region: <i><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">advocaat</a></i>, a rich and creamy liqueur made from eggs, sugar and brandy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northeastern_cuisine">Northeastern cuisine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Northeastern cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The provinces of <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(province)" title="Groningen (province)">Groningen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Grote_rivieren" title="Grote rivieren">great rivers</a> are the home of northeastern Dutch cuisine, which is generally known for its many kinds of meats. This region is the least populated area of the Netherlands. Large-scale agriculture was not introduced here until the 18th century, and the relative lack of farms allowed for an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Game_(meat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Game (meat)">game</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>. The coastal regions of Friesland, Groningen and the parts of Overijssel bordering the <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a> also include a large amount of fish in their traditional dishes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rookworst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rookworst.jpg/220px-Rookworst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rookworst.jpg/330px-Rookworst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rookworst.jpg/440px-Rookworst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption><i>Gelderse rookworst</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Metworst" title="Metworst">metworst</a></i> family of dried sausages is found throughout this region, with most towns and villages having their own variety. The most famous sausage from this region is <i>Gelderse</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">rookworst</a></i>. The Dutch eat 60 million <i>rookworst</i> a year.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sausages traditionally are smoked over <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beechwood</a> chips before being boiled in water. The sausage contains much fat and is juicy. Large sausages are often eaten alongside <i><a href="/wiki/Stamppot" title="Stamppot">stamppot</a>,</i> like <i>zuurkoolstamppot</i> (mashed potatoes and <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a>). Cut in half they are sometimes eaten as a street food. <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruudmoes" class="extiw" title="nl:Kruudmoes"><i>Kruudmoes</i></a>, a traditional food with buttermilk, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_barley" title="Pearl barley">pearl barley</a>, bacon and herbs in which rookworst is processed, is local to Gelderland (in and around the Veluwe) and Overijssel (in Salland). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg/220px-2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg/330px-2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg/440px-2015_0423_Fries_roggebrood_met_oude_kaas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><i>Fries roggebrood</i> with <i>kaas</i></figcaption></figure> <p>This region is also home to more heavy and solid varieties of Dutch pastries, cookies and breads. Each of the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel and Groningen has a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a> tradition, but rye bread from Friesland (<i>Fries roggebrood</i>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">pumpernickel</a>) has become especially well-known because of its distinctive taste. Frisian rye bread is notable for its long baking time (up to 20 hours), which results in a sweet flavour and a deep dark color. In contrast to southern Dutch bread, which tends to be soft and moist, the northeastern rye bread and pastries generally are of a hard texture, and the pasties are heavily spiced with <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> or <a href="/wiki/Succade" title="Succade">succade</a> or contain small bits of meat. Typical examples for the region include <i><a href="/wiki/Ontbijtkoek" title="Ontbijtkoek">kruidkoek</a></i> (such as <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groninger_koek" class="extiw" title="nl:Groninger koek"><i>Groninger koek</i></a>), Frisian <i><a href="/wiki/Suikerbrood" title="Suikerbrood">suikerbrood</a></i> (with chunks of sugar), <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryske_d%C3%BAmkes" class="extiw" title="nl:Fryske dúmkes"><i>Fryske dúmkes</i></a> (cookies with anise, ginger, and hazelnuts) and <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/spekdik" class="extiw" title="nl:spekdik"><i>spekdik</i></a> (small pancakes with <a href="/wiki/Metworst" title="Metworst">metworst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Groninger_metworst.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Groninger_metworst.JPG/220px-Groninger_metworst.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Groninger_metworst.JPG/330px-Groninger_metworst.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Groninger_metworst.JPG/440px-Groninger_metworst.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption><i>Groninger metworst</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In terms of alcoholic beverages, the region is renowned for its many <a href="/wiki/Bitters" title="Bitters">bitters</a> (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Beerenburg" title="Beerenburg">Beerenburg</a></i>) and other high-proof liquors rather than the beer that is more typical in the rest of the country. The city of <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a> is a 'jenever city' — the only one not located in the western region — and home to the <a href="/wiki/Hooghoudt_(distillery)" title="Hooghoudt (distillery)">Hooghoudt distillery</a>. Friesland with its low-lying pastures also has a feature in common with western Dutch cuisine, that of cheese production. <i><a href="/wiki/Friesian_Clove" title="Friesian Clove">Friese Nagelkaas</a></i> (Friesian clove cheese) is a notable example, and the variant made with skimmed milk known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kanterkaas" title="Kanterkaas">kanterkaas</a></i> has been granted a <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_cuisine">Southern cuisine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Southern cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg/220px-Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg/330px-Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg/440px-Dutch_laddervlaai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Limburgish <i><a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">vlaai</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Southern Dutch cuisine constitutes the cuisine of the Dutch provinces of <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a> in Belgium. It is renowned for its many rich pastries, soups, <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stews</a> and vegetable dishes and is often called <i>Bourgondisch</i> (<a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian</a>) which is a Dutch idiom invoking the Burgundian dukes who ruled the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. In this region the dukes had their court, which was renowned for its great feasts. The culinary tradition in this region overlaps with that of neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg/220px-Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg/330px-Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg/440px-Hachee_met_rode_kool_en_aardappelpuree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption><i>Hachee met rodekool</i></figcaption></figure> <p>It is the Dutch culinary region which developed an <a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a> and it forms the base of most traditional Dutch restaurants including typical <a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">main courses</a> served such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">Biefstuk</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pork_tenderloin" title="Pork tenderloin">Varkenshaas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Beef_tenderloin" title="Beef tenderloin">Ossenhaas</a></i>, these are premium cuts of meat, generally <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> or <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, accompanied by a wide variety of sauces and potatoes which have been double fried in the traditional Dutch (or Belgian) manner. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg/220px-La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg/330px-La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg/440px-La_Trappe_Dubbel_in_a_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Trappist beer from <a href="/wiki/Tilburg" title="Tilburg">Tilburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Stews, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hachee" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachee">hachee</a></i>, a stew of <a href="/wiki/Onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Onions">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> and a thick gravy, is flavourful and require hours to prepare. Vegetable soups are made from richly flavored <a href="/wiki/Stock_(food)" title="Stock (food)">stock</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bouillon_(broth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouillon (broth)">bouillon</a> and typically contain small meatballs alongside a wide variety of different vegetables. Asparagus and <i><a href="/wiki/Chicory" title="Chicory">witloof</a></i> are highly prized and traditionally eaten with cheese or <a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">ham</a>. </p><p>Pastries are abundant, often with rich fillings of cream, custard and—due to the many <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">fruit orchards</a> (omnipresent in <a href="/wiki/Betuwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Betuwe">Betuwe</a> region)—fruits. Cakes, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">Limburgse vlaai</a></i> from Limburg and the <i><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bossche_Bol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossche Bol">Bossche Bol</a></i> from Brabant, are typical pastries. Limburg is also known for its <i>appelstroop</i> (<a href="/wiki/Apple_butter" title="Apple butter">apple butter</a>), where it may have been originated. Savoury pastries also occur, with the <i><a href="/wiki/Brabantian_worstenbroodje" title="Brabantian worstenbroodje">Brabantian worstenbroodje</a></i> (a roll with a sausage of <a href="/wiki/Ground_beef" title="Ground beef">ground beef</a>, literally translates into sausage bread) being the most popular. It even has been included in the national inventory of intangible cultural heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The traditional alcoholic beverage of the region is beer. There are many local brands, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer" title="Trappist beer">Trappist beer</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/Kriek_lambic" title="Kriek lambic">Kriek lambic</a></i>. 5 of the 11 <a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer#International_Trappist_Association_recognised_breweries" title="Trappist beer">International Trappist Association-recognised breweries</a> in the world, are located in the Southern Dutch cultural area. Beer, like wine in French cuisine, is also used in cooking; often in stews.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial">Colonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Colonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesian">Indonesian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Indonesian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg/220px-Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg/330px-Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg/439px-Rijsttafel_Den_Haag_Javastraat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rijsttafel" title="Rijsttafel">Rijsttafel</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Indonesian and <a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo</a> dishes became popular due to the arrival of former Dutch colonials and people of Eurasian descent into the Netherlands, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">independence of Indonesia</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial rule</a> in 1945. <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Countess</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Limburg-Stirum" title="House of Limburg-Stirum">Cornelia van Limburg Stirum</a> writes in her book <i>The Art of Dutch Cooking</i> (1962): "There exist countless Indonesian dishes, some of which take hours to prepare; but a few easy ones have become so popular that they can be regarded as 'national dishes'". She then provides recipes for <i><a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a></i> (fried rice), <i><a href="/wiki/Pisang_goreng" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisang goreng">pisang goreng</a></i> (fried bananas), <i><a href="/wiki/Lumpia#The_Netherlands" title="Lumpia">lumpia goreng</a></i> (fried spring rolls), <i><a href="/wiki/Mie_goreng" title="Mie goreng">bami</a></i> (fried noodles), <i>saté</i> (<a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a> or grilled skewered meat), <i>satésaus</i> (satay sauce or <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a> oelek</i> (chilli paste).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch-Indonesian fusion dishes originated in the Netherlands or in the Dutch Indies during colonial times, is <i><a href="/wiki/Rijsttafel" title="Rijsttafel">rijsttafel</a></i> ("rice table"), which is an elaborate meal consisting of up to several dozen small dishes filling an entire table, <i><a href="/wiki/Spekkoek" title="Spekkoek">spekkoek</a></i>, a layered cake, and <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_pangang_speciaal" class="extiw" title="nl:Babi pangang speciaal">babi pangang speciaal</a></i>, which is, unlike in Indonesia, served in a sweet sour sauce. Popular Indonesian-Dutch fusion dishes sold at Dutch <a href="/wiki/Snackbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Snackbar">snackbars</a> are <i>patatje oorlog</i> (French fries with mayonaise, onions and <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a>), <i>patatje pinda</i> (French fries with peanut sauce),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bamischijf" title="Bamischijf">bamischijf</a> (or bamiblok) and <a href="/wiki/Nasischijf" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasischijf">nasischijf</a> (or nasiblok). Another Indonesian-inspired food popular in the Netherlands is long sheets of <a href="/wiki/Prawn_cracker" title="Prawn cracker">krupuk</a>. </p><p>Outside the big cities, Indonesian food is served in Chinese restaurants, and almost every town in the Netherlands has a Chinese-Indonesian (<i>Chinees-Indische</i>) restaurant. In the 1980s, 60% of Dutch people went out to eat at a Chinese Indonesian restaurant, 30% of whom at least once a month.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This typical Dutch restaurant fusion is now in decline. In February 2021, this <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinees-Indisch_restaurant" class="extiw" title="nl:Chinees-Indisch restaurant">Chinese-Indonesian restaurant culture</a> - where three cultures come together (Chinese, Indonesian and Dutch) - was acknowledged as <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventaris_Immaterieel_Cultureel_Erfgoed_Nederland" class="extiw" title="nl:Inventaris Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed Nederland">Dutch intangible cultural heritage</a> that needs to be preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surinamese_and_Caribbean">Surinamese and Caribbean</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surinamese and Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg/220px-2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg/330px-2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg/440px-2015_1001_Chinny%27s_broodje_bakeljauw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1829" /></a><figcaption><i>Broodje bakkeljauw</i></figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinamese cuisine">Surinamese cuisine</a> is also popular in the Netherlands, especially in the bigger cities. Surinamese establishments commonly offer <i><a href="/wiki/Roti#West_Indies" title="Roti">roti</a></i>, a staple of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Hindustani</a> community in Suriname, various Surinamese interpretations of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Chinese Indonesian cuisine</a>, and Surinamese sandwiches (<i>Surinaamse broodjes</i>) such as <i>broodje bakkeljauw</i> (with a type of <a href="/wiki/Dried_and_salted_cod" title="Dried and salted cod">dried and salted cod</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">broodje pom</a></i>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> restaurants appeared in the fifties followed by <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">shawarma</a> restaurants, and American <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food restaurant">fast food restaurants</a> in the seventies, sometimes resulting in Dutch fusion dishes, for example <i><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">kapsalon</a></i> (based on kebab), <i><a href="/wiki/McKroket" title="McKroket">McKroket</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/McFlurry" title="McFlurry">McFlurry</a> <a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">stroopwafel</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (both sold only in Dutch <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's restaurants</a>). In the bigger cities, nowadays, foods from all corners of the globe are sold in shops and restaurants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_meals">Structure of meals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structure of meals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakfast">Breakfast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Breakfast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alongside yoghurt, fruit and muesli, <i>ontbijt</i> (breakfast) consists of bread, usually with butter and sweet toppings, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hagelslag" title="Hagelslag">hagelslag</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vlokken" title="Vlokken">vlokken</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">muisjes</a></i>, <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vruchtenhagel" class="extiw" title="nl:Vruchtenhagel"><i>vruchtenhagel</i></a>, <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestampte_muisjes" class="extiw" title="nl:Gestampte muisjes"><i>gestampte muisjes</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">treacle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_butter" title="Apple butter">apple butter</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kokosbrood" title="Kokosbrood">kokosbrood</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jam</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_spread" title="Chocolate spread">chocolate spread</a><i>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">speculaas</a></i>. </p><p>Dutch bread tends to be very airy, as it is made from yeast dough. From the 1970s onward Dutch bread became predominantly <a href="/wiki/Whole-grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole-grain">whole-grain</a>, with additional seeds such as sunflower or pumpkin seeds often mixed with the dough for taste. <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Rye bread</a> is one of the few dense breads of the Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/White_bread" title="White bread">White bread</a> used to be the luxury bread, often made with milk as well as water. A typical Dutch white bread is <a href="/wiki/Tiger_bread" title="Tiger bread">tiger bread</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ontbijtkoek" title="Ontbijtkoek">Ontbijtkoek</a></i> may be eaten as a substitute for a full breakfast, or simply as a snack. It is served as a thick slice, usually with butter. This popular <i>'cake'</i> has been around for centuries, since it can be stored for weeks at room temperatures, without it spoiling, due to the pH, sugar content and used spices.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ontbijtkoek resembles somewhat a soft <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">gingerbread</a> cake, but with much less ginger, hardly any fat and more sugar. The sugar used is the typical Dutch <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basterdsuiker" class="extiw" title="nl:Basterdsuiker"><i>basterdsuiker</i></a>, an aromatic, moist and fine sugar, which gives a baking product its typical brown color and smooth texture. <i>Basterdsuiker</i> is protected by the EU and acknowledged as a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed" title="Traditional speciality guaranteed">Traditional speciality guaranteed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk">Beschuit</a></i> (Dutch crisp bakes) is also eaten as a breakfast food, with the same variety of sweet toppings, or cheese. A longtime Dutch (romantic) favourite is to serve <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a> on <i>beschuit</i>, which is usually topped with some sugar or whipped cream. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kruidkoek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kruidkoek"><img alt="Kruidkoek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kruidkoek.jpg/240px-Kruidkoek.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kruidkoek.jpg/360px-Kruidkoek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kruidkoek.jpg/480px-Kruidkoek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kruidkoek</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bread with butter and hagelslag"><img alt="Bread with butter and hagelslag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg/320px-Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg/480px-Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg/640px-Hagelslag_chocolate_sprinkles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bread with butter and <i>hagelslag</i></div> </li> </ul> <p>A popular breakfast in the weekend are <i><a href="/wiki/Pannenkoek" title="Pannenkoek">pannenkoeken</a>,</i> large and thin pancakes, but not as thin as French <i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">crêpes</a>.</i> The batter consists of eggs, milk, a mixture of wheat and buckwheat flour, salt, and vanilla extract. The pancakes are cooked in butter, but a bit of vegetable oil is added to the batter to prevent it from burning. Typical fillings that are cooked with the batter are apples, cheese, raisins, chocolate and bananas. Sometimes <i>pannenkoeken</i> are eaten as dinner in a <i>pannenkoekenhuis</i> (restaurant), and the variety of toppings can include <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragout" title="Ragout">ragout</a>, salmon and many other things. On the plate pannenkoeken can be topped off with powdered sugar, cinnamon or <i>stroop</i> (Dutch syrup).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Wentelteefjes</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a>) is another breakfast treat, that has a long history, which goes back to Roman times. A recipe was found in <a href="/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius">Apicius</a>, a Latin cookbook from 4th and 5th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunch">Lunch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lunch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg/170px-Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg/255px-Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg/340px-Uitsmijter_bacon_kaas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption><i>Uitsmijter spek en kaas</i></figcaption></figure><p><i>Middageten</i> or lunch is somewhat similar to breakfast, but is usually heavier, less sweet, and more savory. However, lunch is not to be a warm meal, and eating leftovers for lunch is not very common. In bars and restaurants, however, <i><a href="/wiki/Strammer_Max" title="Strammer Max">uitsmijter</a></i> is a popular dish: two eggs fried with bacon or Gouda cheese, rosbief (rare roast beef, thinly cut), ham. </p><p>Dutch consumers are fond of <i>pindakaas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter" title="Peanut butter">peanut butter</a>) as a bread topping. The Netherlands is not only the number one importer of peanuts, it is also the biggest exporter of peanut butter, and despite its size, the third largest consumer in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other popular toppings are <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filet_americain" class="extiw" title="nl:Filet americain">filet americain</a> (a finely ground raw lean beef with the addition of mayonnaise, mustard, paprika and other spices). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cheese">Cheese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cheese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most popular toppings for bread is <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>. The vast majority of Dutch cheeses are semi-hard or hard cheeses. Famous Dutch cheeses include <a href="/wiki/Gouda_cheese" title="Gouda cheese">Gouda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edam_cheese" title="Edam cheese">Edam</a>. A typically Dutch way of making cheese is to blend in herbs or spices during the first stages of the production process. Famous examples of this are cheeses with <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a> (usually the <a href="/wiki/Friesian_Clove" title="Friesian Clove">Friesian Clove</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a> (most famously <a href="/wiki/Leyden_cheese" title="Leyden cheese">Leyden cheese</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">nettles</a>. </p><p>Dutch hard cheeses generally can be divided by maturity: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Dutch name </th> <th>English </th> <th>Maturity </th> <th>Flavour </th> <th>Texture </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jonge kaas </td> <td>Young </td> <td>4 weeks </td> <td>creamy </td> <td>soft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jong belegen </td> <td>Mildly aged cheese </td> <td>8–10 weeks </td> <td>mild </td> <td>soft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belegen </td> <td>Aged </td> <td>16–18 weeks </td> <td>full </td> <td>semi hard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extra Belegen </td> <td>Extra-aged </td> <td>7–8 months </td> <td>savoury </td> <td>semi hard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oude kaas </td> <td>Old </td> <td>10–12 months </td> <td>rich and savoury </td> <td>hard </td></tr> <tr> <td>Overjarig </td> <td>Very old (literarily: Over-aged) </td> <td>1–2 years </td> <td>rich, savoury and salty </td> <td>crumble with salt crystals </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The terms 'jong', 'belegen', 'oud', etc. have not been legally protected with regard to the period of ripening.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheeses sold in supermarkets may have been produced with a fast-ripening starter. This results in faster formation of crystals, and the fast-ripening starter gives a sweeter flavour to the cheese. Fast ripened cheeses lack the complex <a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">terroir</a> of cheeses with a longer ripening process. Names implying a level of ripening while avoiding Dutch words could also be used. For example, <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Amsterdam" class="extiw" title="nl:Old Amsterdam">Old Amsterdam</a> which is ripened - according to the company - only for 8 months, uses "Old" instead of "Oud".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The designation <i><a href="/wiki/Boerenkaas" title="Boerenkaas">boerenkaas</a></i> is legally protected for cheese made on a farm from <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk" title="Raw milk">raw milk</a>. Due to the use of raw (not <a href="/wiki/Pasteurization" title="Pasteurization">pasteurised</a>) milk, the enzymes and bacteria present in the cheese remain active during ripening. Boerenkaas is therefore spicier and more complex than factory cheese where pasteurised milk is used. Moreover, the taste of <i>boerenkaas</i> varies from farm to farm because of the diverse dairy cattle breeds, different feed, the season and the craft of the cheese maker.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fat content on the cheese packaging is also legally protected. For example, '35+' cheese must contain between 35-40% fat, '48+' must contain 48-52%. These percentages are calculated based on the dry matter of the cheese. Thus, a 48+ cheese generally contains 29% fat accounting for water contents.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coffee_break_and_sweets">Coffee break and sweets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Coffee break and sweets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch people invite friends over for <i>koffietijd</i> (coffee time), which consists of coffee and cake or biscuits, served between 10:00 and 11:00 am (before lunch), 4:00 pm (between lunch and dinner) or between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm (after dinner). Dutch thrift of the 1940s and 1950s, when the country was rebuilding the destruction of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, led to the famous standard rule of only one cookie with each cup of coffee. Presumably in the late 1940s even the then-<a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a>, served coffee and one biscuit to a visiting <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomat</a>, who then became convinced that the money from the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> was being well spent. It has been suggested that the reasons for this can also be found in the Protestant mentality in the northern Netherlands. The Roman Catholic south does not share this tradition as for instance in Limburg, where serving a large <i><a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">vlaai</a></i> (sweet pie or pastry with filling), cut into eight pieces, is tradition when visitors are expected. </p><p><i>Koffie verkeerd</i> (literally "wrong coffee"), or <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_au_lait" title="Café au lait">Café au lait</a>, consists of equal parts black coffee and hot milk. The Dutch drink tea without milk and the tea is weaker than typical English or Irish types of tea which are stronger and are usually taken with milk. In Dutch bars, tea with freshly chopped ginger (<i>verse gemberthee</i>) or with fresh mint leaves (<i>verse muntthee</i>) has become popular in the 21st century. In the autumn and winter <a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">hot chocolate</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Chocomel" title="Chocomel">chocomel</a></i> is drunk. Two traditional Dutch drinks, <i>anijsmelk</i> (hot milk with <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">aniseed</a>) and <i>kwast</i> (hot water with <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> juice)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are hardly drunk any more. </p><p>Drinks are served with a wide variety of pastry (<i>gebak</i>), cookies (<i>koekjes</i>) and candies (<i>snoep</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gebak">Gebak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gebak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie#Dutch_style" title="Apple pie">Appeltaart</a></i> (Dutch-style apple pie) comes in two main varieties: crumble crust (<i>appelkruimeltaart</i>) and lattice (<i>appeltaart</i>). The main difference is the texture and design rather than the flavours. The recipe of both doughs is based on flour, sugar and full-cream butter, and sometimes additional ingredients such as lemon <a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">zest</a>. The filling typically uses sour hard apples such as the soft and sweet sour <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Boskoop" title="Belle de Boskoop">Goudreinet</a> or the crisp and sweet <a href="/wiki/Elstar" title="Elstar">Elstar</a>. Sometimes a small pear is added to the mixture. Fillings are usually flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lemon_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon juice">lemon juice</a>. Dutch apple pie filling sometimes includes additional ingredients such as raisins and nuts. <a href="/wiki/Almond_paste" title="Almond paste">Almond paste</a> is sometimes added as a layer between the apples and the crust, so the moisture of the apple filling does not soften the crust. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg/220px-Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg/330px-Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg/440px-Hollandse_appeltaart_van_goudreinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption><i>appeltaart</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Apple pie can be served warm or cold, plain, with a dash of whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. In the United States, "Dutch apple pie" refers specifically to the type with a crumb topping. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img resource="/wiki/File:Boterkoek.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boterkoek.JPG/220px-Boterkoek.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boterkoek.JPG/330px-Boterkoek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Boterkoek.JPG/440px-Boterkoek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4323" data-file-height="2872" /></span><figcaption><i>boterkoek</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boterkoek_(Nederland)" class="extiw" title="nl:Boterkoek (Nederland)">Boterkoek</a> or "butter cake" is a rich, buttery pastry that is somewhere between a cake and a cookie. It has a crust to the outside and has a soft dense inside. The treat has Dutch Jewish origins, with the Jewish original often including candied ginger.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">Vlaai</a></i> is typical for the province of Limburg but is eaten everywhere in the Netherlands. This pastry is made with a yeast dough and filled with fruit such as apple, apricot, pineapple, plum, cherry or berry filling. Other ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">custard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>. <i>Rijstevlaai</i> is stuffed with a rich rice-and-cream filling, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapsnbags.com/typical-dutch-foods-amsterdam/"><i>kruimelvlaai</i></a> has a custard filling with a crumb crust. Vlaai can be topped with fruits, <a href="/wiki/Whipped_cream" title="Whipped cream">whipped cream</a> or chocolate. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img resource="/wiki/File:Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG/220px-Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG/330px-Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG/440px-Tom_Pouce_is_difficult_to_eat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="830" /></span><figcaption><i>tompouce</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a></i> or <i>tompoes,</i> is iconic, and the Dutch market shows little variation in form, size, and colour. A tompouce is a rectangular bar of about 15 cm x 5cm x 4cm. It consist of two layers of <a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">puff pastry</a> sandwiching crème patisserie. The top pastry has a smooth and pink <a href="/wiki/Icing_(food)" title="Icing (food)">icing</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Koningsdag" title="Koningsdag">Koningsdag</a> a variant is made with orange instead of pink icing. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Punsch-roll" title="Punsch-roll">Mergpijp</a></i> is an elongated pastry consisting of cake, cream and jam or purée, covered with a white layer of marzipan that is dipped in chocolate on both ends. It is a variation of a Swedish pastry. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></i> and the similar <i><a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">Bossche bol</a></i> are large chocolate-glazed <a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">choux pastry</a> spheres filled with whipped cream. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Koek">Koek</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Koek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg/110px-Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg/165px-Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg/220px-Spekkoek_naturel_en_pandan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption><i>Spekkoek</i>, left plain, right pandan</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sprits.jpg/110px-Sprits.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sprits.jpg/165px-Sprits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sprits.jpg/220px-Sprits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><i>Sprits</i></figcaption></figure><p>The Netherlands is famous for its cookies, and one of the three top exporters of cookies in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The (American-) English word cookie, derives from Dutch <i>koekje</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or in the <a href="/wiki/Hollandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic dialect">Hollandic dialect</a> <i>koekie</i> which has a similar pronunciation as English <i>cookie</i>). </p><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafel</a></i>, this iconic Dutch cookie is a thin waffle, made in a <a href="/wiki/Pizelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizelle">pizelle</a> pan, is sliced horizontally and filled with a layer of syrup. It originates in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gouda,_South_Holland" title="Gouda, South Holland">Gouda</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">Speculaas</a>,</i> has a centuries old history, and is a spiced cookie with an intense fragrance of cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and ginger. The cookies traditionally show a person or windmill in relief. The cookies are traditionally served around St Nicholas Day, celebrated on December 5 and December 6. There are a few theories on the origin of its name - one says it derives from the Latin word speculum, meaning a mirror, referring to the mirrored images that the cookies are decorated with.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gevulde_koek" title="Gevulde koek">Gevulde koek</a></i>, a very popular round cookie made from butter dough and with a moist almond paste filling. It has a diameter of about 10 centimeters and is decorated with an almond. Almond paste was first seen in a Dutch recipe book in 1510.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheaper, <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass produced</a> variants often contain a filling of <a href="/wiki/Persipan" title="Persipan">persipan</a>. Similar cookies with different shapes are called <i>kano</i> and <i>rondo.</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitterkoekje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitterkoekje (page does not exist)">Bitterkoekje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitterkoekje" class="extiw" title="nl:Bitterkoekje">nl</a>]</span>,</i> is a small round, semi-hard cookie based on the bitter kernels of almonds (or today often apricot pips). It dates back to before the Middle Ages. It was traditionally served when a couple got married. The sweet (sugar) and the bitter (bitter almonds) symbolized marriage, with its highs and lows.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krakeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krakeling (page does not exist)">Krakeling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakeling" class="extiw" title="nl:Krakeling">nl</a>]</span></i> (kind of <a href="/wiki/Kringle" title="Kringle">kringle</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kletskop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kletskop (page does not exist)">Kletskop</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kletskop" class="extiw" title="nl:Kletskop">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bokkenpootje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bokkenpootje (page does not exist)">bokkenpootje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/bokkenpootje" class="extiw" title="nl:bokkenpootje">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spekkoek" title="Spekkoek">Spekkoek</a></i> cake with many layers (originally from Indonesia)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprits_(Dutch_food)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprits (Dutch food) (page does not exist)">Sprits</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprits_(Dutch_food)" class="extiw" title="nl:Sprits (Dutch food)">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fryske_d%C3%BAmkes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fryske dúmkes (page does not exist)">Fryske dúmkes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryske_d%C3%BAmkes" class="extiw" title="nl:Fryske dúmkes">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roze_koek" title="Roze koek">Roze koek</a></i> cake with pink fondant</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groninger_koek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groninger koek (page does not exist)">Groninger koek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groninger_koek" class="extiw" title="nl:Groninger koek">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poffert" title="Poffert">Poffert</a></i>, a spongy small cake usually with raisins from <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janhagel" title="Janhagel">Janhagel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broeder" title="Broeder">Jan in de zak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poffert" title="Poffert">Ketelkoek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krentenwegge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krentenwegge (page does not exist)">Krentenwegge</a></i> (kind of <a href="/wiki/Raisin_bread" title="Raisin bread">raisin bread</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kruidkoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kruidkoek (page does not exist)">Kruidkoek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruidkoek" class="extiw" title="nl:Kruidkoek">nl</a>]</span></i> similar to a soft gingerbread</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokoskoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokoskoek (page does not exist)">Kokoskoek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oudewijvenkoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oudewijvenkoek (page does not exist)">Oudewijvenkoek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudewijvenkoek" class="extiw" title="nl:Oudewijvenkoek">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemberkoek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemberkoek (page does not exist)">Gemberkoek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemberkoek" class="extiw" title="nl:Gemberkoek">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ontbijtkoek" title="Ontbijtkoek">Ontbijtkoek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rijstekoekje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rijstekoekje (page does not exist)">Rijstekoekje</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijstekoekje" class="extiw" title="nl:Rijstekoekje">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dikke_koek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dikke koek (page does not exist)">Dikke koek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikke_koek" class="extiw" title="nl:Dikke koek">nl</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Snoep">Snoep</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Snoep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griotten.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Griotten.JPG/110px-Griotten.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Griotten.JPG/165px-Griotten.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Griotten.JPG/220px-Griotten.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><i>Griotten</i>, a Dutch liquorice</figcaption></figure> <p>The Netherlands is one of the world's leading exporters of <a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">candy</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch favor <i>drop:</i> <a href="/wiki/Liquorice_(confectionery)" title="Liquorice (confectionery)">liquorice</a><i>.</i> The Dutch are the highest consumers of liquorice in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the largest producer of the liquorice candy in the European Union, making up one-third of all EU liquorice production.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are over 80 kinds of <i>drop</i> sold in shops over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four types of <i>drop</i> are soft sweet (including <i>fruitdrop</i>), soft salt, hard sweet (<i>katjesdrop</i>), and hard salty (<i>zoute snippers</i>). <i>Zoute drop</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Salty_liquorice" title="Salty liquorice">salty liquorice</a> comes in regular and double salty. When they are flavoured with coconut fondant they are called <i>Engelse drop</i> (<a href="/wiki/Liquorice_allsorts" title="Liquorice allsorts">liquorice allsorts</a>). Other varieties are made with honey (<i>honingdrop</i>), <a href="/wiki/Salammoniac" title="Salammoniac">salmiac</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Salmiakki" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmiakki">salmiakdrop</a></i>), or bay laurel (<i>laurierdrop</i>). Typical shapes of Dutch <i>drop</i> are diamonds, ovals, oblongs, and coins (known as <i>munten</i> in Dutch, leading to the name <i>muntdrop</i>). Some manufacturers have introduced speciality ranges where the <i>drop</i> is made in thematic shapes, the most notable are shapes of cars (<i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodrop" class="extiw" title="nl:Autodrop">autodrop</a></i>), and shapes of farm animals and farm machinery (<i>boerderijdrop</i>). </p><p>Well known local Dutch candies are <i><a href="/wiki/Hopje" title="Hopje">hopje</a></i> from the city of <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">the Hague</a> and <i>babbelaars</i> from the province of <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>. Well known also world wide are <a href="/wiki/Mentos" title="Mentos">mentos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit-tella" title="Fruit-tella">fruittella</a>, both inventions of <a href="/wiki/Perfetti_Van_Melle" title="Perfetti Van Melle">Isaak van Melle</a> who started the production of candies and toffees at <a href="/wiki/Breskens" title="Breskens">Breskens</a> in 1900. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borreltijd_and_savouries">Borreltijd and savouries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Borreltijd and savouries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg/110px-Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg/165px-Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg/220px-Bitterballen_mosterd_mayo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Bitterballen" title="Bitterballen">Bitterballen</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg/110px-Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg/166px-Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg/220px-Sietske-borrelnootjes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Borrelnootje" title="Borrelnootje">Borrelnootjes</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Between 5:00 pm and 9:00 pm alcoholic beverage drinks (<i>borrel</i>), beer, wine or other drinks with savoury snacks are served in bars, at home or at the work space (cafetaria). Borrels are most frequently served at weekends or Friday afternoon. At more formal borrels <i><a href="/wiki/Bitterballen" title="Bitterballen">bitterballen</a></i> are served, a miniature variant of the <i>kroket</i> (<a href="/wiki/Croquette" title="Croquette">croquette</a>), deep-fried ragout-filled balls with a crunchy layer of bread crumbs. <i>Bitterballen</i> are served with mustard. Another hot borrel snack is <i>vlammetje</i> (deep-fried mini spring rolls with a very spicy minced meat filling). <i><a href="/wiki/Borrelnootje" title="Borrelnootje">Borrelnootje</a></i> (peanuts in a spiced crusty coating), cheese cubes and <i><a href="/wiki/Kaasstengels" title="Kaasstengels">kaasstengels</a></i> (crusty cheese sticks) are other typical <i>borrel</i> snacks. </p><p>In Dutch drinks, beer in particular <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> plays a central role while wine plays only a modest role. Traditionally the spirit <a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">jenever</a> was frequently consumed during drinks. <a href="/wiki/Dutch_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch beer">Dutch beer</a> market is dominated by three main producers (with main and subsidiary brands) with a regional preference. <a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a> is most common in the west, <a href="/wiki/Grolsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Grolsch">Grolsch</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Breweries" title="Asahi Breweries">Asahi Breweries</a>) in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Brewery_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavaria Brewery (Netherlands)">Bavaria</a> in the south. Other common Dutch lager brands are <a href="/wiki/Hertog_Jan" title="Hertog Jan">Hertog Jan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dommelsch_Brewery" title="Dommelsch Brewery">Dommelsch</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">AB InBev</a>) and the independently brewed <a href="/wiki/Gulpener" title="Gulpener">Gulpener</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budelse_Brouwerij" title="Budelse Brouwerij">Budels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imported Belgian <a href="/wiki/Jupiler" title="Jupiler">Jupiler</a> is also very common in the Netherlands. </p><p>Dutch cities had long brewing tradition. In the 20th century, the market consolidated when big brewers took over smaller breweries merging production in few production plants, and sometimes discontinuing brands. Since 1990 craft brewers have proliferated in the Netherlands, especially in North Brabant and Limburg which maintained a stronger beer tradition, with many different types of beer (not unlike <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Belgium" title="Beer in Belgium">beer in Belgium</a>). In the 21st century, many new microbreweries were founded, brewing top fermenting beers in many different styles. In September 2013, there were 184 active breweries in the Netherlands. Popular styles include <a href="/wiki/Bock" title="Bock">bock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trappist_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Trappist ale">trappist ale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">stout</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">wheat beer</a>, while in the 2010s <a href="/wiki/India_Pale_Ale" class="mw-redirect" title="India Pale Ale">IPA</a> varieties became very popular. Some of the most popular craft breweries in the Netherlands are <a href="/wiki/Brouwerij_%27t_IJ" title="Brouwerij 't IJ">Brouwerij 't IJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jopen" title="Jopen">Jopen</a>, and Two Chefs brewing. </p><p>Common spirits include <i><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></i> (originally distilled malt wine and the precursor to <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a>, nowadays frequently made with industrially produced alcohol), <a href="/wiki/Brandewijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandewijn">Brandewijn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Dutch_brandy" title="Dutch brandy">Vieux</a></i> an imitation <a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a>. Of the <a href="/wiki/Bitters" title="Bitters">bitters</a>, Frisian spiced <i><a href="/wiki/Beerenburg" title="Beerenburg">Beerenburg</a></i> is the most famous, but also <i><a href="/wiki/Caudle" title="Caudle">Kandeel</a></i> (made from white wine), <i>kraamanijs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">anisette</a>), <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranjebitter" class="extiw" title="nl:Oranjebitter">oranjebitter</a></i> (orange-flavored brandy, served on festivities surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch monarchy">royal family</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Boerenjongens" title="Boerenjongens">Boerenjongens</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> in brandy), and <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boerenmeisjes" class="extiw" title="nl:Boerenmeisjes">Boerenmeisjes</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a> in brandy) are consumed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinner">Dinner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Dinner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG/220px-Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG/330px-Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG/440px-Simple_Dutch_meal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A traditional Dutch meal: meat, potatoes, and boiled vegetable</figcaption></figure><p> Dinner, traditionally served early by international standards, starts around or even before 6 p.m. The old-fashioned Dutch dinner for the lower class consists of one simple course: potatoes, meat and vegetables—known under the acronym "AVG" (<i>aardappelen, vlees, groente</i>). AVG consists traditionally of potatoes with a large portion of vegetables and a small portion of meat with gravy, or a potato and vegetable stew. Vegetable stews served as side dishes are for example <i>rodekool met appeltjes</i> (red cabbage with apples), or <i>rode bieten</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a>). Regular spices used in stews of this kind may be <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">bay leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a> berries, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>, and vinegar, although strong spices are generally used sparingly. Stews are often served with <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickles</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Gherkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gherkin">gherkins</a> or cocktail onions (<i>zilveruitjes</i>). Due to the influx of other countries, traditional meals have lost some popularity. <i><a href="/wiki/Stamppot" title="Stamppot">Stamppot</a></i>, mashed potatoes with different options for vegetables, is traditionally eaten in winter. If there is a <a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">starter</a>, it is usually soup. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg/220px-Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg/330px-Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg/440px-Boerenkool_stamppot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1338" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boerenkool_(gerecht)" class="extiw" title="nl:Boerenkool (gerecht)">Boerenkoolstamppot</a></i> with <i><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">rookworst</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>The below-listed meals have historic origins as meals for common labourers. From the 17th to the 19th century workers worked 10 to 16 hours on farms or in factories in unheated rooms, hence these meals are very heavy on calories and fat and were meant to replenish a laborer's energy. </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamppot" title="Stamppot">Stamppot</a>, boiled potatoes mashed with vegetables and served with meat and/or gravy, coming in a number of varieties: <ul><li><i>Boerenkoolstamppot</i>, curly <a href="/wiki/Kale" title="Kale">kale</a> (<i>boerenkool</i>) mixed with potatoes, served with bacon, gravy, mustard, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">rookworst</a></i> (smoked sausage). It is one of more popular Dutch dishes. It is the classic stamppot, and thus when people only say 'stamppot' they mean the curly kale variant. <i>Boerenkoolstamppot</i> was mentioned in cookbooks from the year 1661. Mashed potatoes were not used in this dish at that time, although the sausage was already served with the cabbage in this dish. The dish became popular after a few bad corn seasons, when potatoes became popular as food. <i>Boerenkoolstamppot</i> is high in carbohydrates, which makes it a popular meal for cold winter days.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg/220px-2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg/330px-2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg/440px-2015_0330_Hutspot_karbonade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption><i>Hutspot</i> with <i>karbonade</i></figcaption></figure><i><a href="/wiki/Hutspot" title="Hutspot">Hutspot</a></i>, made with potatoes, carrots, and onions served with slow-cooked <i>karbonade</i> (<a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">meat chop</a>) and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a> or sausage. The gravy from the slow cooked meat is served in a dimple or <i>kuiltje</i>, made within the hutspot after it has been served on a plate. Before potatoes were introduced in Europe <i>hutspot</i> was made from <a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnips</a>, carrots, and onions. The dish plays a central role during <a href="/wiki/3_October_Festival" title="3 October Festival">3 October Festival</a> in the city of Leiden.</li> <li><i>Andijviestamppot</i>, raw <a href="/wiki/Endive" title="Endive">endive</a> mashed with hot potatoes, served with diced fried <i><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">spek</a></i> (a kind of bacon).</li> <li><i>Hete bliksem</i> ("hot lightning"), boiled potatoes and apples, served with <i>stroop</i> (<a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">treacle</a>) or diced speck.</li> <li><i>Zuurkool</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> mashed with potatoes. Served with fried bacon or a sausage. Sometimes <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> powder, raisins or slices of pineapple or banana are used to give a <i>stamppot</i> an exotic touch.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pea_soup" title="Pea soup">Snert</a></i>, also called <i>erwtensoep</i>, is a very thick pea soup that can be served either as a main dish or as an appetizer and is traditionally eaten during the winter. <i>Snert</i> includes pieces of pork and <i><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">rookworst</a></i> and is almost a stew rather than a soup. It is often said that "you should be able to stand a spoon upright in a good pea soup".<sup id="cite_ref-Hester_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hester-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is customarily served with <i>roggebrood</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a>) spread with butter and topped with <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katenspek" class="extiw" title="nl:Katenspek">katenspek</a></i>, a variety of bacon which is first cooked and then smoked. The meat from the soup may also be put on the rye bread and eaten with mustard.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg/170px-Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg/255px-Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg/340px-Erwtensoep_roggebrood_katenspek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2390" /></a><figcaption><i>Snert</i> with rye bread</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meat_dishes">Meat dishes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Meat dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gehaktballen</i> (<a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatballs</a>, usually half pork, half beef).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavink" title="Slavink">Slavink</a></i>, minced meat wrapped in bacon.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavink_food.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Slavink_food.jpg/150px-Slavink_food.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Slavink_food.jpg/225px-Slavink_food.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Slavink_food.jpg/300px-Slavink_food.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i>Slavink</i></figcaption></figure></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkenbrij" title="Balkenbrij">Balkenbrij</a></i>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Liverwurst" title="Liverwurst">liverwurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">meatloaf</a>. The butter-based <a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">gravy</a> (<i>boterjus</i>) in which the meat has been fried or cooked is also served. A variant of this, eaten around the <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a>, is <i>butter en eek</i>, where <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> is added to the gravy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flour_and_dairy_dishes">Flour and dairy dishes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Flour and dairy dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pannenkoek" title="Pannenkoek">Pannenkoeken</a></i> (large and thin pancakes) with bacon, apples, cheese, or raisins</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poffertjes" title="Poffertjes">Poffertjes</a>,</i> miniature sized pancakes, but made with a batter that contains yeast. They are made in a special <i>poffertjespan</i>, and served with butter and powdered sugar.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG/150px-Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG/225px-Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG/300px-Gietijzeren_poffertjespan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Poffertjes</i></figcaption></figure></li> <li><i>Spekdik</i> (a variant of the pancake made with <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>)</li> <li><i>Wentelteefjes</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seafood">Seafood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Seafood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg/150px-Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg/225px-Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg/300px-Mussels_with_fries_Amsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption><i>Mosselen met friet</i></figcaption></figure><i>Zeeuwse mosselen</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Mussel#As_food" title="Mussel">mussel</a> dish, so called because mussels are cleaned and sold in <a href="/wiki/Yerseke" title="Yerseke">Yerseke</a>, in the province of <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>) are popular and commonly served with <i>friet</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibbeling" title="Kibbeling">Kibbeling</a></i>, chunks of cod (but often replaced by cheaper white sea fish) that are battered and fried. It is a popular street food.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Side_dishes">Side dishes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Side dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stoofperen. Served with formal winter meals. Hard pears usually of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gieser_Wildeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gieser Wildeman (page does not exist)">Gieser Wildeman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieser_Wildeman" class="extiw" title="nl:Gieser Wildeman">nl</a>]</span> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Remy_(pear)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Remy (pear) (page does not exist)">Saint Remy (pear)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_R%C3%A9my_(peer)" class="extiw" title="nl:Saint Rémy (peer)">nl</a>]</span> cultivars. The pears are stewed with sugar, wine and spices (usually cinnamon and cloves) for relatively long time (more than 30 minutes up to several hours) until soft and colouring brownish red throughout.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toetje">Toetje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Toetje"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Toetje</i>, or the final course is a sweet dessert, traditionally <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a> with some sugar or <i><a href="/wiki/Vla" title="Vla">vla</a></i>, a thin milk pudding (cooked milk with custard). Vla comes in a variety of flavours, the most common ones are chocolate and vanilla. </p> <ul><li><i>Vla-flip,</i> vanilla vla mixed with <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a></li> <li><i>Hopjesvla</i>, this dessert comes from the Hague. It is inspired by <a href="/wiki/Hopje" title="Hopje">Haagse Hopjes</a> and has a caramel and coffee flavor.</li> <li>Vanillevla</li> <li>Chocoladevla</li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stoofpeertjes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stoofpeertjes.jpg/150px-Stoofpeertjes.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stoofpeertjes.jpg/226px-Stoofpeertjes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Stoofpeertjes.jpg/301px-Stoofpeertjes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption><i>Stoofpeertjes</i></figcaption></figure><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieser_Wildeman" class="extiw" title="nl:Gieser Wildeman">Stoofperen</a></i>, poached pears in spiced and sweetened red wine. Eaten with yoghurt as breakfast, with vanilla or cinnamon ice cream as dessert, or warm with the main course as vegetable, particularly around Christmas.</li> <li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broodpap" class="extiw" title="nl:Broodpap">Broodpap</a></i>, a bread porridge made from old bread, milk, butter, and sugar</li> <li><i>Griesmeelpudding met rodebessensaus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Semolina_pudding" title="Semolina pudding">semolina pudding</a> served with currant <a href="/wiki/Coulis" title="Coulis">coulis</a>) has been so popular in the Netherlands, that it is thought of as typical Dutch. But other varieties of semolina pudding are popular in the hole of Northern and Eastern Europe. 'Gries' comes from German, where the pudding may have originated from.</li> <li><i>Grutten</i> (<a href="/wiki/Groat_(grain)" title="Groat (grain)">Groat</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haagse_bluf" class="extiw" title="nl:Haagse bluf">Haagse bluf</a></i>, consists of stiffly beaten egg whites with sugar and berry juice without sugar. The name is a reference to the air that people of the Hague would adopt: it seems like a lot, but in fact it is largely air.</li> <li><i>Hangop,</i> <a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">strained yogurt</a>, garnished with rhubarb, other fruit or jam</li> <li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnemelkse_bloempap" class="extiw" title="nl:Karnemelkse bloempap">Karnemelkse bloempap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnemelkse_gortepap" class="extiw" title="nl:Karnemelkse gortepap">Karnemelkse gortepap</a></i></li> <li><i>Rijstebrij</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">rice pudding</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krentjebrij" title="Krentjebrij">Krentjebrij</a></i> (also called <i>watergruwel</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Broeder" title="Broeder">Broeder</a></i>, a type of boiled pudding usually containing <a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">buckwheat</a>, is a traditional dinner mainly in <a href="/wiki/West_Friesland_(region)" title="West Friesland (region)">West Friesland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_occasions">Special occasions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Special occasions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_death">Birth and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Birth and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birth of a child is an occasion for serving <i><a href="/wiki/Beschuit_met_muisjes" class="mw-redirect" title="Beschuit met muisjes">beschuit met muisjes</a></i> (Dutch <a href="/wiki/Rusk" title="Rusk">rusk</a> covered with sugared <a href="/wiki/Aniseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniseed">aniseed</a>). The aniseeds are blue when the child is a boy and pink if it is a girl. It is common to serve them to all visitors of mother and child and bring them to announcing birth at e.g. workplace. Traditionally, Dutch funerals are sober, and food provided is a simple piece of cake with a cup of coffee or tea. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg/220px-Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg/330px-Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg/440px-Muisjes_op_beschuit-1525084222.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i>Beschuit met muisjes</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sinterklaas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg/150px-Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg/224px-Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg/299px-Gevulde_Speculaas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1143" /></a><figcaption><i>Gevulde Speculaas</i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg/150px-Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg/224px-Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg/299px-Chocolate-covered_kruidnoten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Chocoladekruidnoten</i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boterletter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boterletter.jpg/150px-Boterletter.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boterletter.jpg/225px-Boterletter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Boterletter.jpg/300px-Boterletter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption><i>Boterletter</i> shaped in the 'S' of Sinterklaas.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Dutch festival of <i><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></i> is held on 5 December. Saint Nicholas leaves gifts in the children's shoes. On this occasion, the Dutch drink hot chocolate milk and eat luxury variants of <i><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">speculaas</a>: speculaasbrokken (</i>thick <i>speculaas</i> chunks), <i>gevulde</i> <i>speculaas</i> (almond paste filled <i>speculaas</i>) and speculaas icecream. Spices in <i>speculaas</i> include cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, cardemon and ginger. Also <i><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">boterletter</a></i> (a baked pastry crust with an almond paste filling and shaped into a letter S of <i>Sinterklaas</i>), <i>marsepein</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">marzipan</a>, in the shape of animals or other topical items), <i>borstplaat</i> (discs of <a href="/wiki/Fondant_icing" title="Fondant icing">fondant</a>); and <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/taaitaai" class="extiw" title="nl:taaitaai">taaitaai</a></i> are eaten. And everyone receives a <i><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_letter" title="Chocolate letter">chocoladeletter</a></i> (chocolate letter), corresponding with the first letter of the name of the receiver. Special treats distributed by Saint Nicholas' aide <i>Zwarte Piet</i> include <i><a href="/wiki/Pepernoot" title="Pepernoot">pepernoten</a></i> (irregularly shaped small cookies made of rye, honey and anise) and <i><a href="/wiki/Kruidnoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Kruidnoot">kruidnoten</a></i> (gingernut-shaped biscuit but made with speculaas spices). The traditional <i>kruidnoot</i> has a specific flavor and texture, but over the years, various variants have also entered the market. Some examples of variants that have appeared in Dutch stores: </p> <ul><li><i>Chocoladekruidnoten</i>: These are kruidnoten covered with a layer of milk chocolate, dark chocolate, or white chocolate.</li> <li><i>Truffelkruidnoten</i>: These have a rich chocolate flavor and are covered with a thin layer of cocoa powder.</li> <li><i>Gevulde kruidnoten</i>: This variant has a filling in the center. Popular fillings include chocolate, caramel or marzipan.</li> <li><i>Yoghurtkruidnoten</i>: These kruidnoten are coated with a layer of yogurt. They have a fresh and creamy taste.</li> <li><i>Koffiekruidnoten</i>: These are kruidnoten with a subtle coffee flavor. They are often coated with a layer of coffee glaze.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas">Christmas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Christmas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christmas (<i>Kerst</i>) in the Netherlands is a typical family holiday. Traditionally there is family brunch with <i><a href="/wiki/Kerststol" title="Kerststol">kerststol</a>, a</i> fruited raisin bread, often filled with almond paste and covered in powdered sugar. The bread and its name <i>stol</i> originate from Germany, and the name appeared for the first time in print in a Dutch newspaper in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular sweet is <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerstkransje" class="extiw" title="nl:Kerstkransje">kerstkransje</a>. Christmas dinner is also a family occasion where <i>rollade</i> (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Roulade" title="Roulade">roulade</a> but without the filling, consisting of spiced pork), roast pork, game, or other luxury meat may be served. Another popular Christmas dinner tradition is <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gourmetten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gourmetten (page does not exist)">gourmetten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/gourmetten" class="extiw" title="nl:gourmetten">nl</a>]</span></i>, where people cook on the dinner table their own food on a special <i>gourmetset</i>, although this is not limited to Christmas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_year">New year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: New year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliebollen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Oliebollen.jpg/220px-Oliebollen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Oliebollen.jpg/330px-Oliebollen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Oliebollen.jpg/440px-Oliebollen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Oliebollen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliebollen">Oliebollen</a></i>, a Dutch fried pastry, eaten on New Year's Eve</figcaption></figure><p>On New Year's Eve (<i>Oud en Nieuw</i>), Dutch houses smell of the piping hot oil of deep-fat fryers used to prepare <i><a href="/wiki/Oliebollen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliebollen">oliebollen</a></i> and <i>appelbeignets</i> (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Apple_fritter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple fritter">apple fritter</a>) – not to be mistaken for the <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/appelflap" class="extiw" title="nl:appelflap">appelflap</a></i> which are made of puff pastry. Also <i>ananasbeignets</i> (pineapple fritter) are considered a treat. <i>Oliebollen</i> are yeast dough balls, either plain or filled with glacé fruits, apple pieces, raisins, and <a href="/wiki/Sultana_(grape)" title="Sultana (grape)">sultanas</a> are served with powdered sugar. They are sold by street vendors and bakeries, and the quality can vary by a land slide and every year an oliebollen contest is held.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freshly made they are the most tasty. In the 17th century, Dutch settlers also took their <i>oliebollen</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a>, where they are now known in a different form and recipie as <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnuts</a>. </p><p>In Limburg, <i><a href="/wiki/Nonnevot" title="Nonnevot">nonnevotten</a></i> are sometimes served during New Year's Eve, although it is mostly eaten during Carnival. Around New Years <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniepertie" class="extiw" title="nl:Kniepertie">knieperties</a></i> are popular, in particular in the northern provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Easter">Easter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Easter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Months before Easter (<i>Pasen</i>) shops are flooded with chocolate eggs. On average, the Dutch eat 47 chocolate easter eggs a year.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another popular dish eaten during Easter is <i><a href="/wiki/Paasstol" class="mw-redirect" title="Paasstol">Paasstol</a></i>, which is the same kind of bread as the <i>Kerststol</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fast_food">Fast food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Fast food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snackbars">Snackbars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Snackbars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch have their own types of <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a>, sold at <i><a href="/wiki/Snack_bar" title="Snack bar">snackbars</a></i> that mainly serve deep-fried fast food. <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a> (called <i>patat</i> or <i>friet</i>) are served with one or a combination of sauces, most commonly: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon,_Deventer_(2023)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg/220px-Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg/330px-Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg/440px-Plaza_Het_Station_Kapsalon%2C_Deventer_%282023%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><i>Kapsalon</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>patatje</i> <i>met</i> (mayonaise or <a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">fritessaus</a>)</li> <li><i>patatje pinda</i> (<a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a>)</li> <li><i>patatje</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a></i> (or <i><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">curry ketchup</a></i>)</li> <li><i>patatje speciaal</i> (mayonnaise, (spiced) ketchup, chopped raw onions)</li> <li><i>patatje oorlog</i> (peanut sauce, mayonnaise, chopped raw onions)</li> <li><i>patatje <a href="/wiki/Joppiesaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joppiesaus">joppie</a></i> (pickle relish of chopped vegetables and mild spices)</li> <li><i>patatje <a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">kapsalon</a></i> (fries, topped with either <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">shawarma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a>, or <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab" class="mw-redirect" title="Döner kebab">döner kebab</a>, finished with salad, cheese, and various sauces such as <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garlic_sauce" title="Garlic sauce">garlic sauce</a>).</li></ul> <p>Snacks made with meat are usually deep fried. These include: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12_uurtje_kroket,_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_(23175275161).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg/220px-12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg/330px-12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg/440px-12_uurtje_kroket%2C_ei_en_broodje_ham_kaas_%2823175275161%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><i>Broodje kroket</i> and <i>Uitsmijter</i> (ham cheese egg sandwich)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frikandel" title="Frikandel">frikandel</a>,</i> deep-fried skinless minced meat sausage, most popular fast food snack in the Netherlands</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kroket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroket">kroket</a>,</i> deep-fried ragout roll covered in a thick crust, eaten with mustard, also available in bread rolls (<i>broodje kroket</i>). The two main varieties are <i>rundvleeskroket</i> (with beef) and <i>kalfsvleeskroket</i> (with veal). Vegan, cheese and satay versions are also available. The thick, crispy crust, the bigger size and the filling sets the Dutch kroket apart from the French croquette (where it originates from) and Spanish <i>croquetas.</i> An estimated 75% of all Dutch people eat them, resulting in 29 <i>kroketten</i> per person per year on average, being the 2nd most popular Dutch snack after the <i>frikandel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some municipalities, members of the municipal council have the <a href="/wiki/Krokettenmotie" title="Krokettenmotie">right to a kroket</a> if a council meeting lasts until after 23:00.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bun with kroket (<i>broodje kroket</i>) is often eaten as lunch.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamihap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bamihap.jpg/150px-Bamihap.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bamihap.jpg/225px-Bamihap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bamihap.jpg/300px-Bamihap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2313" data-file-height="1307" /></a><figcaption><i>Bamiblok</i></figcaption></figure></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bamischijf" title="Bamischijf"> bamiblok</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nasischijf" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasischijf">nasischijf</a></i>, deep-fried disk or square shaped <i><a href="/wiki/Mie_goreng" title="Mie goreng">mie goreng</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">patties</a> covered with breadcrumbs.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">kaassoufflé</a></i>, deep fried puff pastry envelope with a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Gouda_cheese" title="Gouda cheese">Gouda cheese</a> in the center</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenhap" title="Berenhap">Berenklauw</a>,</i> sliced meatball and fried onion rings on a wooden skewer, smothered in peanut sauce</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kipcorn" title="Kipcorn">Kipcorn</a>,</i> deep fried rod-shaped chicken or turkey <a href="/wiki/Meat_slurry" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat slurry">meat slurry</a>, breaded with a crust of corn or breadcrumbs, served with <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a> or <a href="/wiki/Curry_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Curry sauce">curry sauce</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eierbal" class="extiw" title="nl:Eierbal">eierbal</a>,</i> regional (in the north and east of the country), a deep-fried egg in ragout</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_road">On the road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: On the road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saucijzenbroodje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saucijzenbroodje.jpg/150px-Saucijzenbroodje.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saucijzenbroodje.jpg/225px-Saucijzenbroodje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saucijzenbroodje.jpg/300px-Saucijzenbroodje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Saucijzenbroodje</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saucijzenbroodje" class="extiw" title="nl:Saucijzenbroodje">Saucijzenbroodje</a></i> (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">sausage roll</a>), with <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>-spiced <a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">minced meat</a> baked in <a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">puff pastry</a>, are sold in supermarkets and kiosks.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brabantian_worstenbroodje" title="Brabantian worstenbroodje">Brabants worstenbroodje</a></i>, regional (Brabant), slightly spiced sausage baked in bread dough.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish_stalls">Fish stalls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Fish stalls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soused_herring" title="Soused herring"><i>rauwe haring</i> or <i>zoute haring</i></a> (soused herring), optionally served with chopped raw onions, which is eaten by lifting the herring high up into the air by its tail and then biting into it upwards (except for Amsterdam, where the herring is cut into pieces). Raw herring is also commonly sold in a soft white bun.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg/150px-Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg/225px-Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg/300px-Kibbeling_is_a_famous_Dutch_street_food.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption><i>Kibbeling</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibbeling" title="Kibbeling">kibbeling</a>,</i> deep-fried, nugget-sized chunks of (originally) <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic cod</a>, but now often replaced by other kinds of cheaper <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_(fisheries_term)" title="Whitefish (fisheries term)">whitefish</a>. It is often served with <a href="/wiki/Remoulade" title="Remoulade">remoulade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauce_ravigote" title="Sauce ravigote">ravigote sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic_sauce" title="Garlic sauce">garlic sauce</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">tartar sauce</a>, and seasoned with a mix of ground herbs, such as coriander, pepper, paprika, garlic, onion, etc.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lekkerbekje" title="Lekkerbekje">lekkerbekje</a>,</i> deep-fried cod (or other whitefish), similar to the fish served with British <a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">fish and chips</a>, but delicately spiced and with a more <a href="/wiki/Tempura" title="Tempura">tempura</a>-like batter</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/European_eel" title="European eel">gerookte paling</a></i> (smoked <a href="/wiki/European_eel" title="European eel">European eel</a>) has a long-standing tradition in the Netherlands, particularly around the <a href="/wiki/IJsselmeer" title="IJsselmeer">IJsselmeer</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krentenbollen are eaten with butter or cheese"><img alt="Krentenbollen are eaten with butter or cheese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg/251px-Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg/376px-Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg/501px-Minikrentenbollen_IMGP6988_wp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2782" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Currant_bun" title="Currant bun">Krentenbollen</a></i> are eaten with butter or cheese</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudderlapjes.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sudderlapjes is slowly simmered beef"><img alt="Sudderlapjes is slowly simmered beef" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sudderlapjes.jpeg/253px-Sudderlapjes.jpeg" decoding="async" width="169" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sudderlapjes.jpeg/379px-Sudderlapjes.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sudderlapjes.jpeg/505px-Sudderlapjes.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Flemish_stew" title="Flemish stew">Sudderlapjes</a></i> is slowly simmered beef</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gebakken_mosselen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gebakken mosselen (fried mussels)"><img alt="Gebakken mosselen (fried mussels)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gebakken_mosselen.jpg/180px-Gebakken_mosselen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gebakken_mosselen.jpg/270px-Gebakken_mosselen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gebakken_mosselen.jpg/360px-Gebakken_mosselen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gebakken mosselen</i> (fried mussels)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raw oysters, which are "platte zeeuwse oester"."><img alt="Raw oysters, which are "platte zeeuwse oester"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg/226px-Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg/338px-Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg/451px-Platte_Zeeuwse_oester_Yerseke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Raw oysters, which are "<a href="/wiki/Ostrea_edulis" title="Ostrea edulis">platte zeeuwse oester</a>".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broodje_bal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Broodje bal, a slice of bread with a meatball and gravy"><img alt="Broodje bal, a slice of bread with a meatball and gravy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Broodje_bal.jpg/180px-Broodje_bal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Broodje_bal.jpg/270px-Broodje_bal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Broodje_bal.jpg/360px-Broodje_bal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Meatball_sandwich" title="Meatball sandwich">Broodje bal</a></i>, a slice of bread with a meatball and gravy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vogelnest_Bart.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Slices of meat with hard-boiled eggs in the middle."><img alt="Slices of meat with hard-boiled eggs in the middle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vogelnest_Bart.JPG/240px-Vogelnest_Bart.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vogelnest_Bart.JPG/360px-Vogelnest_Bart.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vogelnest_Bart.JPG/480px-Vogelnest_Bart.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Slices of meat with hard-boiled eggs in the middle.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wann%C3%A9e_Kookboek" title="Wannée Kookboek">Wannée Kookboek</a> (1910– )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Haagse_Kookboek" title="Nieuwe Haagse Kookboek">Nieuwe Haagse Kookboek</a> (1934– )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_cheeses" title="List of Dutch cheeses">List of Dutch cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_chefs" title="List of Dutch chefs">List of Dutch chefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Netherlands" title="Beer in the Netherlands">Beer in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cheese_markets" title="Dutch cheese markets">Dutch cheese markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEBO" title="FEBO">FEBO</a> – a chain of fast food outlets using vending machines to serve <a href="/wiki/Kroket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroket">krokets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frikandel" title="Frikandel">frikandellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">kaassoufflés</a>, and other items</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Coleslaw</a> – from the Dutch words "kool" (cabbage) and "sla" (lettuce or salad)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+low+countries&rft.atitle=Ten+Fun+Facts+About+the+Dutch+Croquette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-low-countries.com%2Farticle%2Ften-fun-facts-about-the-dutch-croquette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADutch+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_cuisine&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuisine of the Netherlands">Cuisine of the Netherlands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429032910/http://www.thehollandring.com/food.shtml">Dutch food and eating habits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcaini.com/Mo/Hutspot.htm">Hutspot recipe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedutchtable.com/">The Dutch Table – an online resource for Dutch recipes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wimklerkx.nl/EN/PROJECTS/HP.html">Food of the Dutch</a> Photo-documentary by photographer Wim Klerkx, 2005–2007</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Netherlands_articles505" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_centers_in_the_Low_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="History of urban centers in the Low Countries">Development urban centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom" title="Frisian Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian Freedom">Frisian Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_the_Low_Countries" title="Renaissance in the Low Countries">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Revolution" title="Batavian Revolution">Batavian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Netherlands)" title="Incorporation (Netherlands)">Incorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Nazi invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Netherlands)" title="Liberation Day (Netherlands)">Dutch Liberation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of birds of the Netherlands">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Netherlands_by_province" title="List of cities in the Netherlands by province">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of earthquakes in the Netherlands">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of extreme points of the Netherlands">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" title="Flood control in the Netherlands">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen_gas_field" title="Groningen gas field">Gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of islands of the Netherlands">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of lakes of the Netherlands">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of mammals of the Netherlands">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of regions of the Netherlands">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of rivers of the Netherlands">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Abortion in the Netherlands">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Netherlands" title="Climate change in the Netherlands">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_the_Netherlands" title="Euthanasia in the Netherlands">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Netherlands">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the Netherlands">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_firms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law firms of the Netherlands">Law Firms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of the Netherlands">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder_model" title="Polder model">Polder model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" title="Taxation in the Netherlands">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Tourism in the Netherlands">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" title="Trade unions in the Netherlands">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Transport in the Netherlands">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public transport in the Netherlands">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Road transport in the Netherlands">Road transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Cinema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" title="Dutch customs and etiquette">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorations_and_medals_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorations and medals of the Netherlands">Decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Irreligion in the Netherlands">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_knighthood_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of knighthood in the Netherlands">Orders of knighthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_the_Netherlands" title="Pornography in the Netherlands">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Netherlands" title="Prostitution in the Netherlands">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sport in the Netherlands">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the Netherlands">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Coat of arms of the Netherlands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic_Lion" title="Dutch Republic Lion">Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_Low_Countries" title="Terminology of the Low Countries">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Netherlands" title="Outline of the Netherlands">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Netherlands" title="Category:Netherlands">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Dutch_cuisine188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_cuisine" title="Template:Dutch cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_cuisine" title="Template talk:Dutch cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_Dutch_cuisine188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dutch cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babi_kecap" title="Babi kecap">Babi ketjap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_panggang" title="Babi panggang">Babi pangang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkenbrij" title="Balkenbrij">Balkenbrij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakmi" title="Bakmi">Bami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_goreng" title="Mie goreng">Bami goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamischijf" title="Bamischijf">Bamischijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bapao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">Biefstuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerewors" title="Boerewors">Boerewors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokkoms" title="Bokkoms">Bokkoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenebon" title="Brenebon">Bruinebonensoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dro%C3%ABwors" title="Droëwors">Droëwors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_soup" title="Pea soup">Erwtensoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_foo_young" title="Egg foo young">Foeyonghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">Friet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frikandel" title="Frikandel">Frikandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gado-gado" title="Gado-gado">Gadogado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Gehaktbrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachee" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachee">Hachée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutspot" title="Hutspot">Hutspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio">Kalio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">Kapsalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerststol" title="Kerststol">Kerststol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currant_bun" title="Currant bun">Krentenbollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_schotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaroni schotel">Macaroni schotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihun_goreng" title="Bihun goreng">Mihoen goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moules-frites" title="Moules-frites">Moules-frites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">Nasi goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_kuning" title="Nasi kuning">Nasi kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_campur" title="Nasi campur">Nasi rames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasischijf" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasischijf">Nasischijf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasi_uduk" title="Nasi uduk">Nasi uduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontbijtkoek" title="Ontbijtkoek">Ontbijtkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_tenderloin" title="Beef tenderloin">Ossenhaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannenkoek" title="Pannenkoek">Pannenkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potbrood" title="Potbrood">Potbrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">Rendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Roggebrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rookworst" title="Rookworst">Rookworst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Saucijzenbroodje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selat_solo" title="Selat solo">Selat solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavink" title="Slavink">Slavink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semur_(Indonesian_stew)" title="Semur (Indonesian stew)">Smoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamppot" title="Stamppot">Stamppot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suikerbrood" title="Suikerbrood">Suikerbrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_tenderloin" title="Pork tenderloin">Varkenshaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">Wantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Zuurkool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and koeé</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitterballen" title="Bitterballen">Bitterballen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broeder" title="Broeder">Broeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janhagel" title="Janhagel">Janhagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">Kaassoufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaasstengels" title="Kaasstengels">Kaasstengels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_lidah_kucing" title="Kue lidah kucing">Katte tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeling" title="Kibbeling">Kibbeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klappertaart" title="Klappertaart">Klappertaart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klepon" title="Klepon">Klepon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupuk" title="Krupuk">Kroepoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquette" title="Croquette">Kroket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruidnoten" title="Kruidnoten">Kruidnoten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemper" title="Lemper">Lemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Loempia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia_goreng" title="Lumpia goreng">Loempia goreng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnevot" title="Nonnevot">Nonnevot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliebol" title="Oliebol">Oliebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisang_goreng" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisang goreng">Pisang goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepernoot" title="Pepernoot">Pepernoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeffern%C3%BCsse" title="Pfeffernüsse">Pfeffernüsse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poffertjes" title="Poffertjes">Poffertjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissole" title="Rissole">Rissole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_semprong" title="Kue semprong">Semprong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumpia" title="Sumpia">Soempia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">Speculaas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Appeltaart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">Banket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">Bossche bol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar_gulung" title="Dadar gulung">Dadar gulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_lapis" title="Kue lapis">Koeé lapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeksister" title="Koeksister">Koeksister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krentjebrij" title="Krentjebrij">Krentjebrij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melktert" title="Melktert">Melktert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandan_cake" title="Pandan cake">Pandan cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijstevlaai" title="Rijstevlaai">Rijstevlaai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spekkoek" title="Spekkoek">Spekkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vla" title="Vla">Vla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlaai" title="Vlaai">Vlaai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments and<br />boemboe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acar" title="Acar">Atjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balado_(food)" title="Balado (food)">Balado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">Fritessaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprinkles" title="Sprinkles">Hagelslag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joppiesaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joppiesaus">Joppiesaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Ketjap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisjes" title="Muisjes">Muisjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Satay sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serundeng" title="Serundeng">Seroendeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Terasi">Trassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">Treacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlokken" title="Vlokken">Vlokken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_cuisine367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_topic" title="Template:European topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_topic" title="Template talk:European topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_cuisine367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg cuisine">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Malta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran cuisine">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtensteiner cuisine">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican cuisine">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistrian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnistrian cuisine (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey cuisine">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx cuisine">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey cuisine">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines378" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines378" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_cuisine" title="Emilian cuisine">Emilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988266#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata721" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988266#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata721" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988266#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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