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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugh O'Flaherty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%E2%80%99Flaherty" title="Hugh O’Flaherty – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hugh O’Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%E2%80%99Flaherty" title="Hugh O’Flaherty – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hugh O’Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugo O'Flaherty – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hugo O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="ヒュー・オフラハーティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒュー・オフラハーティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%E2%80%99Flaherty" title="Hugh O’Flaherty – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hugh O’Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%E2%80%99Flaherty" title="Hugh O’Flaherty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hugh O’Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Flaherty" title="Hugh O'Flaherty – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hugh O'Flaherty" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%98%D1%83_%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хју О’Флаерти – Serbian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish Catholic priest (1898–1963)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #BDBDBD;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Reverend" title="The Right Reverend">The Right Reverend</a> <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Hugh O'Flaherty</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Hugh-o-flaherty_ROIsmall.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">20 December 1925</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1898-02-28</span>)</span>28 February 1898<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_the_barony_of_Duhallow_in_County_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="List of townlands of the barony of Duhallow in County Cork">Lisrobin, Kiskeam</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October 1963<span style="display:none">(1963-10-30)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cahersiveen" title="Cahersiveen">Cahersiveen</a>, County Kerry, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel O'Connell Memorial Church</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mungret_College" title="Mungret College">Mungret College</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hugh O'Flaherty</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span></span> (28 February 1898 – 30 October 1963) was an <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> priest, a senior official of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> and a significant figure in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_resistance_to_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic resistance to Nazism">Catholic resistance to Nazism</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, O'Flaherty was responsible for saving 6,500 Allied soldiers and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. His ability to evade the traps set by the German <i><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> (SD) Chief <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a> earned him the nickname "<a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Pimpernel" title="The Scarlet Pimpernel">The Scarlet Pimpernel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, he was named a <a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">papal domestic prelate</a> by Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a> and served as notary of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Office">Holy Office</a>. He worked alongside and closely assisted Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ottaviani" title="Alfredo Ottaviani">Alfredo Ottaviani</a> until 1960. Prior to being incapacitated by a stroke in that same year, O'Flaherty was about to be removed from all his Curia positions and "promoted" by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> to <a href="/wiki/Papal_Nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Nuncio">Papal Nuncio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. He returned to his native Ireland, where he died in 1963. </p><p>Despite O'Flaherty and <a href="/wiki/Delia_Murphy" title="Delia Murphy">Delia Murphy</a>'s joint role in helping to save more than 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Italian_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Jewish">Jewish</a> lives through their <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rome_Escape_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rome Escape Line (page does not exist)">Rome Escape Line</a> network during the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust in Italy">Holocaust in Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Protestant</a> nurse <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elmes" title="Mary Elmes">Mary Elmes</a> still remains the only Irish person honoured as a <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a> by <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after Hugh O'Flaherty's birth in <a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_the_barony_of_Duhallow_in_County_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="List of townlands of the barony of Duhallow in County Cork">Lisrobin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiskeam" title="Kiskeam">Kiskeam</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, his parents, James and Margaret, moved to <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family lived on the golf course, and James O'Flaherty worked there as a steward.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By his late teens, young O'Flaherty had a <a href="/wiki/Handicap_(golf)#Scratch_and_bogey_golfers" title="Handicap (golf)">scratch handicap</a> and a scholarship to a teacher training college. </p><p>However, in 1918, he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Mungret_College" title="Mungret College">Mungret College</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> college in <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">County Limerick</a> dedicated to preparing young men for missionary priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normally, students ranged from 14 to 18 years. When O'Flaherty came in, he was a little older than most of the students, at about 20.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The college allowed for some older people to come in if they had been accepted by a bishop who would pay for them. </p><p>O'Flaherty's sponsor was the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cape_Town" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cape Town">Bishop of Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornelius_O%27Riley" title="Bernard Cornelius O'Riley">Bernard Cornelius O'Riley</a>, in whose <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> he expected to be posted after ordination,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a major step for a young man who had never set foot outside of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a>. When O'Flaherty was in Mungret, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_for_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish War for Independence">Irish War for Independence</a> was ongoing.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was posted to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> in 1922 to finish his studies and was <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a> on 20 December 1925. He never joined his diocese, however, but he stayed to work for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and served as a <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> diplomat in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>. In 1934, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">papal chamberlain</a> with the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></i>. He was originally ascribed to the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide</a> through which, in collaboration with the Cardinal Prefect, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Fumasoni_Biondi" title="Pietro Fumasoni Biondi">Pietro Fumasoni Biondi</a>, and the Pro-Rector of the Pontifical Urban College De Propaganda Fide, Saverio Maria Paventi di San Bonaventura,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he began to establish a network of assistants with whom he managed to save approximately 6,500 people such as civilians, military personnel and Jews, whom he lodged in Vatican extraterritorial residences and religious institutes during the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Rome" title="German occupation of Rome">German occupation of Rome</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. That activity, which was carried out while he evaded repeated traps by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Koch" title="Pietro Koch">Pietro Koch</a>, resulted in O'Flaherty being nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Pimpernel" title="The Scarlet Pimpernel">The Scarlet Pimpernel</a> of the Vatican". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, O'Flaherty toured <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoner-of-war">prisoner-of-war</a> (POW) camps in Italy and tried to find out about prisoners who had been reported <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">missing in action</a>. If he found them alive, he tried to reassure their families through <a href="/wiki/Radio_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Vatican">Radio Vatican</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Mussolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussolini">Mussolini</a> was removed from power by King <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III" title="Victor Emmanuel III">Victor Emmanuel III</a> in 1943, thousands of Allied prisoners-of-war were either released or escaped after being deliberately left unguarded by their <a href="/wiki/Italian_Royal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Royal Army">Italian Royal Army</a> guards, but when <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> imposed an occupation over Italy, they were in danger of recapture. Some of them, remembering visits by O'Flaherty, reached Rome and asked him for help. Others went to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_%E2%80%93_Ireland_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See – Ireland relations">Irish embassy to the Holy See</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>-speaking embassy to remain open in Rome during the war. <a href="/wiki/Delia_Murphy" title="Delia Murphy">Delia Murphy</a>, who was the wife of Thomas J. Kiernan, the Irish ambassador (and in her day, she was a well-known <a href="/wiki/Traditional_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional singer">traditional singer</a> of Irish ballads), was one of those who helped O'Flaherty.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Flaherty did not wait for permission from his superiors. He recruited the help of other priests (including two young <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_people" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand people">New Zealanders</a>, Fathers <a href="/wiki/Owen_Snedden" title="Owen Snedden">Owen Snedden</a> and John Flanagan), two agents working for the <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free French</a>, François de Vial and Yves Debroise, communists and a Swiss <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a>. One of his aides was British Major Sam Derry, an escapee. Derry along with the British officers and escaped POWs Lieutenants Furman and Simpson, and Captain Byrnes, a Canadian, were responsible for the security and operational organisation. O'Flaherty also kept contact with <a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy_Osborne,_12th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="D'Arcy Osborne, 12th Duke of Leeds">Sir D'Arcy Osborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Ambassador_to_the_Holy_See" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ambassador to the Holy See">British Ambassador to the Holy See</a>, and his butler, John May, whom O'Flaherty described as "a genius... the most magnificent scrounger". O'Flaherty and his allies concealed 4,000 escapees, mainly Allied soldiers and Jews, in flats, farms and convents. Among those sheltered was one Ines Gistron and a Jewish friend whom O'Flaherty placed in a <i>pensione</i> run by Canadian nuns at <a href="/wiki/Monteverde_(Rome)" title="Monteverde (Rome)">Monteverde (Rome)</a>, where they were given false identification.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first hideouts was beside the local <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> headquarters. O'Flaherty and Derry co-ordinated all of that from his room at the <a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When outside the Vatican, O'Flaherty wore various disguises. The Gestapo eventually found out first that the leader of the network was a priest and then learned his identity; but could not arrest him inside the Vatican. When the secretly anti-Nazi German ambassador to the Holy See, Baron <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Ernst von Weizsäcker">Ernst von Weizsäcker</a>, violated <a href="/wiki/German_Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="German Foreign Office">German Foreign Office</a> orders and revealed that to O'Flaherty, he began to meet his contacts on the stairs of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>. Multiple SS conspiracies to kidnap or assassinate O'Flaherty, even on Vatican soil, failed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a>, the head of the <i><a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></i> in Rome, learned of O'Flaherty's actions and ordered a white line painted on the pavement at the opening of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a>, which signified the border between <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> and Occupied Italy, and vowed that the priest would be killed if he crossed it. Italian Fascist <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Koch" title="Pietro Koch">Pietro Koch</a>, the head of the Banda Koch, a special task force charged with hunting down partisans and rounding up deportees for the Gestapo, often boasted of his plans to personally torture and execute O'Flaherty if he were ever captured by Koch's unit.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adding to the dangers O'Flaherty faced was a <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a> inside the Curia: former <a href="/wiki/Russicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Russicum">Russicum</a> seminarian Alexander Kurtna, a convert to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian Greek Catholic Church</a> from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Estonia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia">Estonian Orthodoxy</a>. Following his expulsion by the Russicum's rector in 1940, Kurtna served, with only one interruption between 1940 and 1944, as a translator for the Vatican's <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Eastern_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Eastern Churches">Congregation for the Eastern Churches</a>. At the same time, he spied for the Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, with devastating results for many underground priests and faithful on Soviet soil. Kurtna, who was always loyal to the USSR, only started also spying for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in 1943 because his <a href="/wiki/Agent_handling" title="Agent handling">handler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a>, threatened to send Kurtna and his wife to a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camp</a> otherwise. Kurtna, however, betrayed Kappler by recruiting the latter's female secretary into stealing the <a href="/wiki/Codebooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Codebooks">codebooks</a> from Kappler's office shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Rome">liberation of Rome</a> and passing them to the Soviets. Following the liberation of the city, Kurtna found the NKVD to be ungrateful masters and ended up as a <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Norillag" title="Norillag">Norillag</a> region of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several others, including priests, nuns and laypeople, worked in secret with O'Flaherty and even hid refugees in their own homes around Rome. Among them were the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> Maltese Fathers <a href="/wiki/Egidio_Galea" title="Egidio Galea">Egidio Galea</a>, Aurelio Borg and Ugolino Gatt, the Dutch Augustinian Father Anselmus Musters and Brother Robert Pace of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Brothers_of_the_Christian_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools">Brothers of Christian Schools</a>. Another person who contributed significantly to the operation was Maltese national <a href="/wiki/Chetta_Chevalier" title="Chetta Chevalier">Chetta Chevalier</a>, who hid refugees in her house with her children and escaped detection.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish religious services were conducted on the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Sabbath">Jewish Sabbath</a> and the <a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di San Clemente">Basilica di San Clemente</a>, which was under the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_protection" title="Diplomatic protection">diplomatic protection</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Irish Foreign Office</a>, beneath a painting of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Allies arrived in Rome in June 1944, 6,425 of the escapees were still alive. O'Flaherty demanded that German POWs be treated properly as well. He took a plane to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to inspect the conditions for Italian POWs and to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to visit Jewish refugees. Of the 9,700 Jews in Rome, only 1,007 had been captured and shipped to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>. The rest were hidden, over 5,000 of them by the Church, 300 in <a href="/wiki/Castel_Gandolfo" title="Castel Gandolfo">Castel Gandolfo</a>, 200 or 400 (estimates vary) as "members" of the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Guard" title="Palatine Guard">Palatine Guard</a> and some 1,500 in monasteries, convents and colleges. The remaining 3,700 were hidden in private homes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Rome">liberation of Rome</a>, O'Flaherty and Derry's organisation was caring for 3,925 escapees and men who had evaded arrest. Of them, 1,695 were British, 896 South African, 429 Soviet, 425 Greek and 185 American. The remainder were from a further 20 nations. That does not include Jews and sundry other men and women who were in O'Flaherty's personal care. </p><p>O´Flaherty later flew to Palestine and aided in the resettlement of Jewish <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_survivors" title="Holocaust survivors">Holocaust survivors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg/220px-Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg/330px-Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg/440px-Hugh_O%27Flaherty_memorial_in_Killarney_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> O'Flaherty located in <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a>, Ireland</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar">Postwar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, O'Flaherty received a number of awards, including appointment as a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) "for services to the Forces in Italy" and the American <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Freedom_(1945)" title="Medal of Freedom (1945)">Medal of Freedom</a> with Silver Palm.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also honoured by Canada and Australia. He refused to use the lifetime pension that Italy had given to him. In 1954, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">domestic prelate</a>. In the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_the_Divine_Mercy" title="Chaplet of the Divine Mercy">Chaplet of the Divine Mercy</a>, in the form proposed by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Faustina_Kowalska" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Faustina Kowalska">Mary Faustina Kowalska</a>, who was later canonised by <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>, was under a ban from the Vatican. It was O'Flaherty who, as notary, signed the document that notified Catholics of the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first Irishman named Notary of the Holy Office. </p><p>O'Flaherty regularly visited his old nemesis, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a> (the former <i>SS</i> chief in Rome), in prison month after month and was Kappler's only visitor. In 1959, Kappler converted to Catholicism and was baptised by O'Flaherty.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Outfoxed_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Outfoxed-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, O'Flaherty suffered a serious stroke during Mass and was forced to return to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. Shortly before his first stroke in 1960, he was about to be confirmed as the papal <a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">nuncio</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Cahersiveen" title="Cahersiveen">Cahersiveen</a> to live with his sister, at whose home he died on 30 October 1963, aged 65. </p><p>He was buried in the cemetery of the Daniel O'Connell Memorial Church in Cahersiveen. There is a monument in Killarney Town and a grove of trees dedicated to his memory in the <a href="/wiki/Killarney_National_Park" title="Killarney National Park">Killarney National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney,_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg/220px-Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg/330px-Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg/440px-Mural_of_Monsignor_Hugh_O%27Flaherty_in_Killarney%2C_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mural of <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> O'Flaherty in <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a>, Ireland</figcaption></figure> <p>Some sources incorrectly state that in 2003, he became the first Irish person honoured as <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a> by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the official list, this is not the case and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elmes" title="Mary Elmes">Mary Elmes</a> remains the only Irish person so honoured.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An application to have him added to the rolls was being prepared in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Riordan_Wolkin_Agencies_Agencies_2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riordan_Wolkin_Agencies_Agencies_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dramatization">Dramatization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dramatization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O'Flaherty was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> in the 1983 television film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_and_the_Black" title="The Scarlet and the Black">The Scarlet and the Black</a></i>, which follows the exploits of O'Flaherty from the German occupation of <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome, Italy">Rome</a> to its liberation by the Allies. </p><p>He was also the second principal character in a radio play by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Glendinning" title="Robin Glendinning">Robin Glendinning</a> on Kappler's time seeking asylum in the Vatican, titled <i>The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican</i>, which was first broadcast on 30 November 2006 on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Kahler" title="Wolf Kahler">Wolf Kahler</a> as Kappler.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Killarney-born actor and playwright <a href="/wiki/Donal_Courtney_(actor)" title="Donal Courtney (actor)">Donal Courtney</a> penned a new <a href="/wiki/One-man_play" class="mw-redirect" title="One-man play">one-man play</a> entitled <i>God Has No Country</i>, which he premièred in Killarney as part of the Hugh O'Flaherty memorial celebrations for three nights in October 2013. Courtney portrays the O'Flaherty during the wartime years in German-occupied Rome; the story is told from the O'Flaherty's point of view and is a study of the torment and difficulty in the decisions he undertook in his fight for justice. </p><p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_O%27Connor" title="Joseph O'Connor">Joseph O'Connor</a> published <i>My Father's House</i>, a novel based on the exploits of O'Flaherty and his resistance group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Irish-language" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-language">Irish-language</a> television station <a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a> broadcast a 51-minute documentary on O'Flaherty in 2008. It is available (in mixed Irish/English with English subtitles) on a region-free DVD entitled <i>The Pimpernel of the Vatican – The Amazing Story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monsignor O'Flaherty's commonly known awards and decorations. </p> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/110px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/165px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg/220px-Order_of_Pope_Sylvester_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png/110px-CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png/165px-CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png/220px-CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMOM-c.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SMOM-c.svg/110px-SMOM-c.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SMOM-c.svg/165px-SMOM-c.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/SMOM-c.svg/220px-SMOM-c.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/110px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/165px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg/110px-Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg/165px-Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg/220px-Medal_of_Freedom_stripe_s%C3%B8lvpalme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="27" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg/110px-Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg/165px-Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg/220px-Valor_civile_gold_medal_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg/110px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg/165px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg/220px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_3_BVK_1Kl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosen2011" class="citation news cs1">Rosen, Robyn (17 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/tribute-to-the-irish-scarlet-pimpernel-1.68353">"Tribute to the Irish Scarlet Pimpernel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Tribute+to+the+Irish+Scarlet+Pimpernel&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Ftribute-to-the-irish-scarlet-pimpernel-1.68353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~irlker/scarlet.html"><i>Hugh O'Flaherty</i> profile at rootsweb.com</a> retrieved 9 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/statistics.html">"Names and Numbers of Righteous Among the Nations - per Country & Ethnic Origin, as of January 1, 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></i>. 1 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yad+Vashem&rft.atitle=Names+and+Numbers+of+Righteous+Among+the+Nations+-+per+Country+%26+Ethnic+Origin%2C+as+of+January+1%2C+2020&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Frighteous%2Fstatistics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/pdf-drupal/ireland.pdf">"Righteous Among the Nations: Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></i>. 1 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yad+Vashem&rft.atitle=Righteous+Among+the+Nations%3A+Ireland&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Fyv%2Fpdf-drupal%2Fireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2008" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, Brian (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e_cMAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Vatican Pimpernel: the wartime exploits of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty</i></a>. Wilton, Cork: Collins Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905172-57-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905172-57-3"><bdi>978-1-905172-57-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vatican+Pimpernel%3A+the+wartime+exploits+of+Monsignor+Hugh+O%27Flaherty&rft.place=Wilton%2C+Cork&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Collins+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905172-57-3&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De_cMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming 2008, pp. 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleming 2008, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2009" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, J.P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ETkKxH5VpCsC&pg=PA13"><i>The Scarlet and the Black: The True Story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, Hero of the Vatican Underground</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5"><bdi>978-1-58617-409-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scarlet+and+the+Black%3A+The+True+Story+of+Monsignor+Hugh+O%27Flaherty%2C+Hero+of+the+Vatican+Underground&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58617-409-5&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DETkKxH5VpCsC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205062022/http://www.amdg.ie/2008/11/18/angles-on-hugh-oflaherty/">"Angles on Hugh O'Flaherty"</a>. <i>Irish Jesuit News</i>. Jesuit Communication Centre. 18 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amdg.ie/2008/11/18/angles-on-hugh-oflaherty">the original</a> on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Jesuit+News&rft.atitle=Angles+on+Hugh+O%27Flaherty&rft.date=2008-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amdg.ie%2F2008%2F11%2F18%2Fangles-on-hugh-oflaherty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723203515/http://www.carlow-nationalist.ie/tabId/392/itemId/9289/Mgr-Hugh-OFlaherty--Scarlet-Pimpernel-of-the-Vat.aspx">"Mgr Hugh O'Flaherty – Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican"</a>. <i>The Carlow Nationalist</i>. The Nationalist & Leinster Times Limited. March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlow-nationalist.ie/tabId/392/itemId/9289/Mgr-Hugh-OFlaherty--Scarlet-Pimpernel-of-the-Vat.aspx">the original</a> on 23 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Carlow+Nationalist&rft.atitle=Mgr+Hugh+O%27Flaherty+%E2%80%93+Scarlet+Pimpernel+of+the+Vatican&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carlow-nationalist.ie%2FtabId%2F392%2FitemId%2F9289%2FMgr-Hugh-OFlaherty--Scarlet-Pimpernel-of-the-Vat.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paventifoundation.org/organigramma.html">"Paventi di San Bonaventura Pious Foundation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paventi+di+San+Bonaventura+Pious+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paventifoundation.org%2Forganigramma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2009" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, J.P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ETkKxH5VpCsC&pg=PA13"><i>The Scarlet and the Black: The True Story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, Hero of the Vatican Underground</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5"><bdi>978-1-58617-409-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scarlet+and+the+Black%3A+The+True+Story+of+Monsignor+Hugh+O%27Flaherty%2C+Hero+of+the+Vatican+Underground&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58617-409-5&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DETkKxH5VpCsC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2002" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). <i>Wherever Green is Worn</i>. London: Hutchinson. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-995850-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-995850-3"><bdi>0-09-995850-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wherever+Green+is+Worn&rft.place=London&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-09-995850-3&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Tim+Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchione2001" class="citation book cs1">Marchione, Margherita (25 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=013pJv7zwW4C&q=pontifical+roman+major+seminary&pg=PA70"><i>Yours Is a Precious Witness: Memoirs of Jews and Catholics in Wartime Italy</i></a>. Paulist Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809140329" title="Special:BookSources/9780809140329"><bdi>9780809140329</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yours+Is+a+Precious+Witness%3A+Memoirs+of+Jews+and+Catholics+in+Wartime+Italy&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2001-05-25&rft.isbn=9780809140329&rft.aulast=Marchione&rft.aufirst=Margherita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D013pJv7zwW4C%26q%3Dpontifical%2Broman%2Bmajor%2Bseminary%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/2/16139/mgr-hugh-o-flaherty-the-vatican-pimpernel">"Mgr Hugh O'Flaherty – The Vatican Pimpernel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tablet" title="The Tablet">The Tablet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tablet&rft.atitle=Mgr+Hugh+O%27Flaherty+%E2%80%93+The+Vatican+Pimpernel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetablet.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2F2%2F16139%2Fmgr-hugh-o-flaherty-the-vatican-pimpernel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2009" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, J.P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ETkKxH5VpCsC&pg=PA13"><i>The Scarlet and the Black: The True Story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, Hero of the Vatican Underground</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-409-5"><bdi>978-1-58617-409-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scarlet+and+the+Black%3A+The+True+Story+of+Monsignor+Hugh+O%27Flaherty%2C+Hero+of+the+Vatican+Underground&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58617-409-5&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DETkKxH5VpCsC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Alvarez and Robert A. Graham, S.J. (1997), <i>Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage Against the Vatican</i>, Frank Cass, London. Pages 114-139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> David Alvarez (2002), <i>Spies in the Vatican: Espionage and Intrigue from Napoleon to the Holocaust</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. pp. 222-236, 316-318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara1997" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, Aidan (1997). <i>I'll live till I die: The Story of Delia Murphy</i>. Manorhamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland: Drumlin Publications. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873437-17-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-873437-17-X"><bdi>1-873437-17-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%27ll+live+till+I+die%3A+The+Story+of+Delia+Murphy&rft.place=Manorhamilton%2C+County+Leitrim%2C+Ireland&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Drumlin+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-873437-17-X&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2002" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). <i>Wherever Green is Worn</i>. London: Hutchinson. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-995850-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-995850-3"><bdi>0-09-995850-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wherever+Green+is+Worn&rft.place=London&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-09-995850-3&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Tim+Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~irlker/scarlet.html"><i>Hugh O'Flaherty</i> profile at rootsweb.com</a> retrieved 9 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO´Leary2023" class="citation news cs1">O´Leary, Naomi (21 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/world/europe/2023/10/21/irish-priest-who-rescued-thousands-from-nazis-commemorated-in-rome/">"Irish priest who rescued thousands from Nazis commemorated in Rome"</a>. The Irish Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Irish+priest+who+rescued+thousands+from+Nazis+commemorated+in+Rome&rft.date=2023-10-21&rft.aulast=O%C2%B4Leary&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2023%2F10%2F21%2Firish-priest-who-rescued-thousands-from-nazis-commemorated-in-rome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37047" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37047/supplement/2165">"No. 37047"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 20 April 1945. p. 2165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37047&rft.pages=2165&rft.date=1945-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37047%2Fsupplement%2F2165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. The Holy See's official journal <i>Acta Apostolicae Sedis</i> Volume 51, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhil_Daoust2006" class="citation news cs1">Phil Daoust (30 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/30/tvandradio.radio">"Radio pick of the day: The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Radio+pick+of+the+day%3A+The+Scarlet+Pimpernel+of+the+Vatican&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.au=Phil+Daoust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2006%2Fnov%2F30%2Ftvandradio.radio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outfoxed-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Outfoxed_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Walker2011" class="citation cs2">Stephen Walker (4 March 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2011/0304/1224291271284.html?via=mr">"The Priest who Outfoxed the Nazis"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=The+Priest+who+Outfoxed+the+Nazis&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.au=Stephen+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Ffeatures%2F2011%2F0304%2F1224291271284.html%3Fvia%3Dmr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hughoflaherty.com/">"Hugh O'Flaherty Memorial web page"</a>. <i>Permanent Memorial</i>. Hugh O'Flaherty Memorial Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Permanent+Memorial&rft.atitle=Hugh+O%27Flaherty+Memorial+web+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hughoflaherty.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2011" class="citation news cs1">Rosen, Robyn (17 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/tribute-to-the-irish-scarlet-pimpernel-1.68353">"Tribute to the Irish Scarlet Pimpernel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Tribute+to+the+Irish+Scarlet+Pimpernel&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Ftribute-to-the-irish-scarlet-pimpernel-1.68353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/statistics.html">"Names and Numbers of Righteous Among the Nations - per Country & Ethnic Origin, as of January 1, 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></i>. 1 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yad+Vashem&rft.atitle=Names+and+Numbers+of+Righteous+Among+the+Nations+-+per+Country+%26+Ethnic+Origin%2C+as+of+January+1%2C+2020&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Frighteous%2Fstatistics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/pdf-drupal/ireland.pdf">"Righteous Among the Nations: Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></i>. 1 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yad+Vashem&rft.atitle=Righteous+Among+the+Nations%3A+Ireland&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Fyv%2Fpdf-drupal%2Fireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riordan_Wolkin_Agencies_Agencies_2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riordan_Wolkin_Agencies_Agencies_2017_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiordanWolkinAgenciesAgencies2017" class="citation web cs1">Riordan, Michael; Wolkin, Joseph; Agencies; Agencies; Miller, Zeke; Agencies (20 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-unbelievable-heroic-story-of-irelands-overlooked-oscar-schindler/">"The unbelievable heroic story of Ireland's overlooked 'Oskar Schindler'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=The+unbelievable+heroic+story+of+Ireland%27s+overlooked+%27Oskar+Schindler%27&rft.date=2017-05-20&rft.aulast=Riordan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wolkin%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Agencies&rft.au=Agencies&rft.au=Miller%2C+Zeke&rft.au=Agencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fthe-unbelievable-heroic-story-of-irelands-overlooked-oscar-schindler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHugh+O%27Flaherty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>'The Rome Escape Line: The Story of the British Organization in Rome for assisting Escaped Prisoners-of-war 1943–44.', by Sam Derry (1960)</li> <li>William C. Simpson 1996, <i>A Vatican Lifeline</i>, Sparedon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1885119223" title="Special:BookSources/978-1885119223">978-1885119223</a></li> <li>Stephen Walker 2011, <i>Hide & Seek: The Irish Priest in the Vatican Who Defied The Nazi Command</i>, HarperCollins (London). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-732027-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-732027-1">978-0-00-732027-1</a></li> <li>Gallagher, J.P. (2009). The Scarlet and the Black: The True Story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, Hero of the Vatican Underground. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.</li> <li>'The Vatican Pimpernel: The Wartime Exploits of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty.', by Brian Fleming (2008)</li> <li>Alison Walsh 2010, <i>Hugh O'Flaherty: His Wartime Adventures</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918204353/http://www.collinspress.ie/">Collins Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848890589" title="Special:BookSources/9781848890589">9781848890589</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_O%27Flaherty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msgrhughoflaherty.50webs.com">Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty: Hero of the Vatican</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlker/scarlet.html">The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hughoflaherty.com/">Hugh O'Flaherty Memorial Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122779834">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31812545">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1915892/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjtbpV7t4TX7gfbmKj9jC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136979823">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2008100925">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15811213k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15811213k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20110701015&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069315469">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="O'Flaherty, Hugh, 1898-1963"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000012111&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810650633305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007594681405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.006749.v1">Ireland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/136979823.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/136979823">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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