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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg/390px-Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg/520px-Descent_from_Mont-Blanc_in_1787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8261" data-file-height="6838" /></a><figcaption>Afdaling van de Mont-Blanc in 1787 door H.B. de Saussure<br />Kopergravure door Christian von Mechel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc,_Teylers_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/260px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/390px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg/520px-The_tip_of_Mont_Blanc%2C_Teylers_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Het 'topje van de Mont Blanc' (<a href="/wiki/Biotiet" title="Biotiet">biotiet</a>-<a href="/wiki/Graniet" title="Graniet">graniet</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>topje van de Mont Blanc</b> is een museumstuk dat te bezichtigen is in <a href="/wiki/Teylers_Museum" title="Teylers Museum">Teylers Museum</a>. Anno 2012 is het onderdeel van de collectie in de <a href="/wiki/Teylers_Ovale_Zaal" title="Teylers Ovale Zaal">Ovale Zaal</a>. Het stuk steen is door de Zwitserse geoloog en natuurwetenschapper <a href="/wiki/Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace-Bénédict de Saussure">Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a> meegenomen na zijn eerste beklimming van de hoogste berg van Europa, de <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, op 3 augustus 1787. Het zou gaan om het hoogste ijsvrije stukje steen op de berg.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De beklimming is de vroegst bekende expeditie die erin slaagde om de top van de Mont Blanc te bereiken, en werd uitgevoerd door een team van rond de 20 mensen, waaronder De Saussure, zijn knecht en enkele gidsen en dragers. De Saussure had een verzameling wetenschappelijke apparatuur meegenomen op de expeditie, waaronder een <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a>. </p><p>De beklimming was dan ook een wetenschappelijke expeditie, waarbij De Saussure onder andere onderzoek deed naar het <a href="/wiki/Kookpunt" title="Kookpunt">kookpunt</a> van water op verschillende hoogten (waarvoor het nodig was om de hoogte bij ieder van zijn experimenten nauwkeurig te bepalen), door te meten hoelang het duurde voor een vaste hoeveelheid water kookte op een alcoholbrander. Voor dit experiment bepaalde hij de hoogte van de berg op 4775 meter. Dit bleek later slechts 32 meter minder te zijn dan de anno 2012 bekende hoogte van 4807 meter. Zijn bepaling van het kookpunt van water op de top van de berg bleek zelfs nog nauwkeuriger, en week slechts 0,1 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">kelvin</a> af van het nu bekende kookpunt bij die atmosferische druk.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Publication_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publication-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toen de beklimming werd uitgevoerd, was Teylers Museum net geopend (in 1784), en werd er serieuze vooruitgang geboekt in het onderzoek naar gesteenten en mineralen. Dat De Saussure hier een belangrijke rol in speelde, blijkt wel uit het feit dat de term <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a> van hem afkomstig was - en niet geheel verrassend werd deze tak van wetenschap juist in deze periode populair. Het jonge museum had als doelstelling kennis over kunst en wetenschap bijeen te brengen en toegankelijk te maken. Ook op het gebied van de nieuwe wetenschap geologie werd actief verzameld. </p><p>In 1799, ruim een decennium na de klim, kocht <a href="/wiki/Martinus_van_Marum" title="Martinus van Marum">Martinus van Marum</a>, directeur van Teylers Museum, voor negen <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_gulden" title="Nederlandse gulden">gulden</a> een <a href="/wiki/Maquette" title="Maquette">maquette</a> aan van de Mont Blanc (in 1787 gemaakt door de Zwitser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Exchaquet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles François Exchaquet (de pagina bestaat niet)">Charles François Exchaquet</a>), waarop ook de expeditie te zien was.<sup id="cite_ref-Publication_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publication-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De maquette wordt gezien als een getrouwe weergave van de berg en de nabijgelegen vallei van <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a> en is met 100×64×35 cm op een schaal van 1:15.000. De kleuren zijn echter niet bepaald getrouw, maar vooral informatief bedoeld. Hoewel er meerdere maquettes geproduceerd zijn, zijn er anno 2012 nog maar twee bekend - een ervan bevindt zich in Teylers Museum, de ander in het Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar zou het niet bij blijven: in de jaren erna kocht Van Marum meer voorwerpen aan die met de expeditie te maken hadden. Hij schafte enkele voorwerpen aan die bij de klim hoorden, maar ook tekeningen en gravures van het uitzicht en de expeditie. In 1802 kocht het museum een verzameling met geologische monsters aan van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore de Saussure (de pagina bestaat niet)">Theodore de Saussure</a>, de zoon van de beroemde geoloog, uit diens vaders verzameling.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hieronder bevond zich ook het Topje van de Mont Blanc, dat nu samen met andere stenen tentoon wordt gesteld in het centrale kabinet in de Ovale Zaal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topje_van_de_Mont_Blanc&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Trivia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topje_van_de_Mont_Blanc&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Trivia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2007 werd er een (fictieve) <a href="/wiki/Korte_film" title="Korte film">korte film</a> gemaakt over een poging om het topje terug naar de Mont Blanc te brengen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525173049/http://www.teylersmuseum.eu/teylersuniversum/index.php?m=narratio">Artikel over het topje van de Mont Blanc op de website van Teylers Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Publication-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Publication_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Publication_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFL._Touret1984_Blz._1-5"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">L. Touret</span> (1984). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beeld.teylersmuseum.nl/digital_library/TeylersMagazijnen/TeylersMagazijn_003/#/1/">In het spoor van Horace Benedicte de Saussure</a></i></cite>. Teylers Magazijn 4, Haarlem, Blz. 1-5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917183655/http://217.105.198.154/Digital_library/TeylersMagazijnen/TeylersMagazijn_003/index.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-09-17">17 september 2016</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrainmodels.com/exchaquet.html">Terrainmodels: Charles François Exchaquet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Frans">(<span>fr</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">L. Seylaz</span>: <i>Un émule de H. B. de Saussure: Charles-François Exchaquet, 1746-1792</i>, in: <i>Die Alpen, Les Alpes, Le Alpi, Las Alps</i> 11 (1935), p. 187-195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmfestival.nl/archief/het-topje-van-de-mont-blanc/">Film <i>het topje van de Mont Blanc</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topje_van_de_Mont_Blanc&oldid=68176142">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topje_van_de_Mont_Blanc&oldid=68176142</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Werk_in_het_Teylers_Museum" title="Categorie:Werk in het Teylers Museum">Werk in het Teylers Museum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alpinisme" title="Categorie:Alpinisme">Alpinisme</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 sep 2024 om 22:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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