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<li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_of_Independent_Motion_Picture_Producers_(1940s_and_1950s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_of_Independent_Motion_Picture_Producers_(1940s_and_1950s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (1940s and 1950s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society_of_Independent_Motion_Picture_Producers_(1940s_and_1950s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krim_and_Benjamin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krim_and_Benjamin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Krim and Benjamin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krim_and_Benjamin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Public company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transamerica_subsidiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transamerica_subsidiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Transamerica subsidiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transamerica_subsidiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Artists_Classics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_Classics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>United Artists Classics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_Classics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MGM/UA_Entertainment_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MGM/UA_Entertainment_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>MGM/UA Entertainment Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MGM/UA_Entertainment_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Turner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MGM/UA_Communications_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MGM/UA_Communications_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>MGM/UA Communications Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MGM/UA_Communications_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>The 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_2000s_to_the_2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_2000s_to_the_2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>The 2000s to the 2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_2000s_to_the_2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Artists_Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>United Artists Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Artists_Media_Group_and_United_Artists_Digital_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_Media_Group_and_United_Artists_Digital_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>United Artists Media Group and United Artists Digital Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_Media_Group_and_United_Artists_Digital_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024–present:_Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024–present:_Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.3</span> <span>2024–present: Revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024–present:_Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Film library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UA_films_on_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UA_films_on_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>UA films on video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UA_films_on_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Artists_Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>United Artists Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Artists_Releasing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_Releasing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>United Artists Releasing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_Releasing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United Artists</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="يونايتد آرتيست – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونايتد آرتيست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="یونایتد آرتیستس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یونایتد آرتیستس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="ইউনাইটেড আর্টিস্ট্‌স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউনাইটেড আর্টিস্ট্‌স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81" title="Юнайтед Артистс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юнайтед Артистс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="یونایتد آرتیستس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونایتد آرتیستس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C_%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%B8%A0" title="유나이티드 아티스츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유나이티드 아티스츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A1" title="יונייטד ארטיסטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יונייטד ארטיסטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="يونايتيد ارتيستس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونايتيد ارتيستس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%84" title="ユナイテッド・アーティスツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユナイテッド・アーティスツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="یوونایتد ئارتیستس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یوونایتد ئارتیستس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="یونائیٹڈ آرٹسٹس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونائیٹڈ آرٹسٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="United Artists" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%BE%8E" title="聯美 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯美" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American film production company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the cinema chain, see <a href="/wiki/Regal_Cinemas" title="Regal Cinemas">Regal Cinemas</a>. For the former record label, see <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a>. For its joint venture successor, see <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">United Artists</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_logo_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/United_Artists_logo_2019.svg/220px-United_Artists_logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/United_Artists_logo_2019.svg/330px-United_Artists_logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/United_Artists_logo_2019.svg/440px-United_Artists_logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="438" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">United Artists Digital Studios (2018–2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 5, 1919<span class="noprint">; 105 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919-02-05</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood, Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States (original; as United Artists Corporation)<br />July 26, 2024<span class="noprint">; 3 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-07-26</span>)</span> (relaunch; under the United Artists label)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Stuber" title="Scott Stuber">Scott Stuber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Motion pictures</li><li><a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">Television shows</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transamerica_Corporation" title="Transamerica Corporation">Transamerica Corporation</a> (1967–1981)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1981–2024)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> (2024–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a> (1957–1978)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Television" title="United Artists Television">United Artists Television</a> (1958–1982)</li><li>United Artists Broadcasting (1968–1977)</li><li>United Artists Classics (1980–1984)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mgm.com/">www<wbr />.mgm<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaplin_signed_c1920_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Chaplin_signed_c1920_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Charlie Chaplin</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tramp" title="The Tramp">The Tramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin_filmography" title="Charlie Chaplin filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" class="extiw" title="c:Charlie Chaplin">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" class="extiw" title="q:Charlie Chaplin">Quotes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin#Awards_and_nominations" title="Charlie Chaplin">Awards</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_family" title="Chaplin family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charlie_Chaplin,_London" title="Statue of Charlie Chaplin, London">Statue</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charlie_Chaplin_sidebar" title="Template:Charlie Chaplin sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charlie_Chaplin_sidebar" title="Template talk:Charlie Chaplin sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charlie_Chaplin_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charlie Chaplin sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>United Artists</b> (<b>UA</b>) is an American film production company owned by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a>. In its original operating period, UA was founded in 1919 by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/D.W._Griffith" class="mw-redirect" title="D.W. Griffith">D.W. Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> as a venture premised on allowing actors to control their own financial and artistic interests rather than being dependent upon commercial studios.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After numerous ownership and structural changes and revamps, United Artists was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerate</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (MGM) in 1981 for a reported $350 million ($1.2 billion today).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 22, 2014, MGM acquired a controlling interest in <b>One Three Media</b> and <a href="/wiki/Lightworkers_Media" title="Lightworkers Media">Lightworkers Media</a> and merged them to revive the television production unit of United Artists as <b><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="United Artists Media Group">United Artists Media Group</a></b> (UAMG). MGM itself acquired UAMG on December 14, 2015, and folded it into <a href="/wiki/MGM_Television" title="MGM Television">their own television division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MGMTV_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGMTV-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MGM briefly revived the United Artists brand as <b>United Artists Digital Studios</b> for the <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Origins" title="Stargate Origins">Stargate Origins</a></i> web series as part of <a href="/wiki/Stargate" title="Stargate">its <i>Stargate</i> franchise</a>, but retired the name after 2019 and instead used its eponymous brand for subsequent releases. </p><p>A local joint distribution venture between MGM and <a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Pictures" title="Annapurna Pictures">Annapurna Pictures</a> launched on October 31, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-MFound_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFound-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a> on February 5, 2019, in honor of its 100th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-Rebrand_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebrand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rebrand1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebrand1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, MGM's now-parent company, folded UAR into MGM on March 4, 2023, citing "newfound theatrical release opportunities" following the box-office opening success of <i><a href="/wiki/Creed_III" title="Creed III">Creed III</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Creed_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creed-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> announced the company's revival, entering a multi-year first look deal with film producer <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stuber" title="Scott Stuber">Scott Stuber</a>, who will also be involved with all releases under the freshly revived banner. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_1919.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/United_Artists_1919.svg/110px-United_Artists_1919.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/United_Artists_1919.svg/165px-United_Artists_1919.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/United_Artists_1919.svg/220px-United_Artists_1919.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>The first United Artists logo, used until the company's sale to Transamerica in 1967</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/220px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/330px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/440px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1918, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> could not get his parent company <a href="/wiki/First_National_Pictures" title="First National Pictures">First National Pictures</a> to increase his production budget despite being one of their top producers. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> had their own contracts, with First National and <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a> respectively, but these were due to run out with no clear offers forthcoming. Sydney Chaplin, brother and business manager for Charlie, deduced something was going wrong, and contacted Pickford and Fairbanks. Together they hired a private detective, who discovered a plan to merge all production companies and to lock in "exhibition companies" to a series of five-year contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-uacbs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uacbs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chaplin, Pickford, Fairbanks, and <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> incorporated United Artists as a joint venture company on February 5, 1919. Each held a 25 percent stake in the <a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">preferred shares</a> and a 20 percent stake in the <a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">common shares</a> of the joint venture, with the remaining 20 percent of common shares held by lawyer and advisor <a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William Gibbs McAdoo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-siklos_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siklos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea for the venture originated with Fairbanks, Chaplin, Pickford and cowboy star <a href="/wiki/William_S._Hart" title="William S. Hart">William S. Hart</a> a year earlier. Already Hollywood veterans, the four stars talked of forming their own company to better control their own work. </p><p>They were spurred on by established Hollywood producers and distributors who were tightening their control over actor salaries and creative decisions, a process that evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio system</a>. With the addition of Griffith, planning began, but Hart bowed out before anything was formalized. When he heard about their scheme, <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Rowland" title="Richard A. Rowland">Richard A. Rowland</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Metro_Pictures" title="Metro Pictures">Metro Pictures</a>, apparently said, "The inmates are taking over the asylum."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four partners, with advice from McAdoo (son-in-law and former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury Secretary</a> of then-President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>), formed their distribution company. <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abrams" title="Hiram Abrams">Hiram Abrams</a> was its first managing director, and the company established its headquarters at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-uacbs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uacbs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg/220px-United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg/330px-United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg/440px-United_Artists_Stockholders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1129" /></a><figcaption>List of UA stockholders in 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>The original terms called for each star to produce five pictures a year. By the time the company was operational in 1921, feature films were becoming more expensive and polished, and running times had settled at around ninety minutes (eight reels). The original goal was thus abandoned. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg/220px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg/330px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg/440px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5442" data-file-height="4487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Pickford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a> (seated), and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a> at the signing of the contract establishing the United Artists motion-picture studio in 1919.<br />Lawyers Albert Banzhaf (left)<br />and Dennis F. O'Brien (right)<br />stand in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>UA's first production, <i><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty,_the_American" title="His Majesty, the American">His Majesty, the American</a></i>, written by and starring Fairbanks, was a success. Funding for movies was limited. Without selling stock to the public like other studios, all United had for finance was weekly prepayment installments from theater owners for upcoming movies. As a result, production was slow, and the company distributed an average of only five films a year in its first five years.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2017)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By 1924, Griffith had dropped out, and the company was facing a crisis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Veteran producer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Schenck">Joseph Schenck</a> was hired as president.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had produced pictures for a decade,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and brought commitments for films starring his wife, <a href="/wiki/Norma_Talmadge" title="Norma Talmadge">Norma Talmadge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Constance_Talmadge" title="Constance Talmadge">Constance Talmadge</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contracts were signed with independent producers, including <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, Schenck organized a new company with <a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Pictures" title="Twentieth Century Pictures">Twentieth Century Pictures</a>, which soon provided four pictures a year, forming half of UA's schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schenck formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They began international operations, first in Canada, and then in Mexico. By the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries. </p><p>When he was denied an ownership share in 1935, Schenck resigned. He set up <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Pictures" title="Twentieth Century Pictures">20th Century Pictures</a>' merger with <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film" title="Fox Film">Fox Film Corporation</a> to form <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al_Lichtman" title="Al Lichtman">Al Lichtman</a> succeeded Schenck as company president. Other independent producers distributed through United Artists in the 1930s including <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Productions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korda" title="Alexander Korda">Alexander Korda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the years passed, and the dynamics of the business changed, these "producing partners" drifted away. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Productions" title="Samuel Goldwyn Productions">Samuel Goldwyn Productions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> went to <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO</a> and Wanger to <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>. </p><p>In the late 1930s, UA turned a profit. Goldwyn was providing most of the output for distribution. He sued United several times for disputed compensation leading him to leave. MGM's 1939 hit <i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a></i> was supposed to be a UA release except that Selznick wanted <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a>, who was under contract to MGM, to play <a href="/wiki/Rhett_Butler" title="Rhett Butler">Rhett Butler</a>. Also that year, Fairbanks died.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UA became embroiled in lawsuits with Selznick over his distribution of some films through RKO. Selznick considered UA's operation sloppy, and left to start his own distribution arm.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1940s, United Artists was losing money because of poorly received pictures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Cinema attendance continued to decline as television became more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company sold its Mexican releasing division to Crédito Cinematográfico Mexicano, a local company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society_of_Independent_Motion_Picture_Producers_(1940s_and_1950s)"><span id="Society_of_Independent_Motion_Picture_Producers_.281940s_and_1950s.29"></span>Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (1940s and 1950s)</h3></div> <p>In 1941, Pickford, Chaplin, Disney, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>, Goldwyn, Selznick, Alexander Korda, and Wanger—many of whom were members of United Artists—formed the Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (SIMPP). Later members included <a href="/wiki/Hunt_Stromberg" title="Hunt Stromberg">Hunt Stromberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cagney" title="William Cagney">William Cagney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sol_Lesser" title="Sol Lesser">Sol Lesser</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a>. </p><p>The Society aimed to advance the interests of independent producers in an industry controlled by the studio system. SIMPP fought to end what were considered to be anti-competitive practices by the seven major film studios—Loew's (MGM), <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, RKO Radio Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros./First National</a>—that controlled the production, distribution, and exhibition of motion pictures. </p><p>In 1942, SIMPP filed an antitrust suit against Paramount's <a href="/wiki/United_Paramount_Theaters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Paramount Theaters">United Detroit Theatres</a>. The complaint accused Paramount of conspiracy to control first-and subsequent-run theaters in Detroit. This was the first antitrust suit brought by producers against exhibitors that alleged monopoly and restraint of trade. In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Decision" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Decision">Paramount Decision</a> ordered the major Hollywood <a href="/wiki/Movie_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie studio">movie studios</a> to sell their theater chains and to end certain anti-competitive practices. This court ruling ended the studio system. </p><p>By 1958, SIMPP had achieved many of the goals that led to its creation, and the group ceased operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krim_and_Benjamin">Krim and Benjamin</h3></div> <p>Needing a turnaround, Pickford and Chaplin hired <a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">Paul V. McNutt</a> in 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-UA40_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former governor of Indiana, as chairman and <a href="/wiki/Frank_L._McNamee" title="Frank L. McNamee">Frank L. McNamee</a> as president. McNutt did not have the skill to solve UA's financial problems and the pair was replaced after only a few months.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 1951, lawyers-turned-producers <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Krim" title="Arthur B. Krim">Arthur B. Krim</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion_Films" title="Eagle-Lion Films">Eagle-Lion Films</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benjamin" title="Robert Benjamin">Robert Benjamin</a> and Matty Fox<sup id="cite_ref-UA40_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approached Pickford and Chaplin with a wild idea: let them take over United Artists for ten years. If UA was profitable in one of the next three years, they would have the option to acquire half the company by the end of the ten years and take full control.<sup id="cite_ref-UA40_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox Film Corporation president <a href="/wiki/Spyros_Skouras" title="Spyros Skouras">Spyros Skouras</a> extended United Artists a $3 million loan through Krim and Benjamin's efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vt0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vt0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In taking over UA, Krim and Benjamin created the first studio without an actual "studio". Primarily acting as bankers, they offered money to independent producers. UA leased space at the Pickford/Fairbanks Studio but did not own a studio lot. Thus UA did not have the overhead, the maintenance, or the expensive production staff at other studios. </p><p>Among their first clients were <a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>, whose Horizon Productions gave UA one major hit, <i><a href="/wiki/The_African_Queen_(film)" title="The African Queen (film)">The African Queen</a></i> (1951) and a substantial success, <i><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge_(1952_film)" title="Moulin Rouge (1952 film)">Moulin Rouge</a></i> (1952). As well as <i>The African Queen</i> UA also had success with <i><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a></i> in their first year, earning a profit of $313,000 compared to a loss of $871,000 the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-UA40_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other clients followed, among them <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer">Stanley Kramer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hecht-Hill-Lancaster_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions">Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions</a>, and actors newly freed from studio contracts and seeking to produce or direct their own films. </p><p>With the instability in the film industry due to theater divestment, the business was considered risky. In 1955, movie attendance reached its lowest level since 1923. Chaplin sold his 25 percent share during this crisis to Krim and Benjamin for $1.1 million, followed a year later by Pickford who sold her share for $3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1950s, United Artists produced two modest films that became financial and critical successes for the company. The company made <i><a href="/wiki/Marty_(film)" title="Marty (film)">Marty</a></i> which won 1955's Palme d'Or and Best Picture Oscar. <i><a href="/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)" title="12 Angry Men (1957 film)">12 Angry Men</a></i> (1957) which according to Krim before home video, was being seen on TV 24 hours a day, 365 days a year some place in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-vt0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vt0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1958, UA was making annual profits of $3 million a year.<sup id="cite_ref-UA40_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_company">Public company</h3></div> <p>United Artists went public in 1957 with a $17 million stock and <a href="/wiki/Debenture" title="Debenture">debenture</a> offering. The company was averaging 50 films a year.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, UA acquired <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Lopert" title="Ilya Lopert">Ilya Lopert</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lopert_Pictures_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopert Pictures Corporation">Lopert Pictures Corporation</a>, which released foreign films that attracted criticism or had censorship problems.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, UA created <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a> Corporation and United Artists Music Corporation after an unsuccessful attempt to buy a record company.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, UA Records merged with <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Records" title="Liberty Records">Liberty Records</a>, along with its many subsidiary labels such as <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Records" title="Imperial Records">Imperial Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolton_Records" title="Dolton Records">Dolton Records</a>. In 1972, the group was consolidated into one entity as United Artists Records and in 1979, <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> acquired the division which included <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EMI_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMI-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, after failing to sell several pilots, United Artists offered its first ever television series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Troubleshooters_(1959_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Troubleshooters (1959 TV series)">The Troubleshooters</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later released its first sitcom, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dennis_O%27Keefe_Show" title="The Dennis O'Keefe Show">The Dennis O'Keefe Show</a></i>. </p><p>In the 1960s, mainstream studios fell into decline and some were acquired or diversified. UA prospered while winning 11 Academy Awards, including five for Best Picture,<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding relationships with the <a href="/wiki/Mirisch_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirisch Company">Mirisch brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> and others. In 1961, United Artists released <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i>, which won ten <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>). </p><p>In 1960, UA purchased <a href="/wiki/Ziv_Television_Programs" title="Ziv Television Programs">Ziv Television Programs</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Television" title="United Artists Television">UA's television division</a> was responsible for shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gilligan%27s_Island" title="Gilligan's Island">Gilligan's Island</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fugitive_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Fugitive (1963 TV series)">The Fugitive</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)">Outer Limits</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Patty_Duke_Show" title="The Patty Duke Show">The Patty Duke Show</a></i>. The television unit had begun to build up a profitable rental library, including <a href="/wiki/Associated_Artists_Productions" title="Associated Artists Productions">Associated Artists Productions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> owners of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> pre-1950<sup id="cite_ref-Schickel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schickel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> features, shorts and cartoons and 231 <i><a href="/wiki/Popeye_the_Sailor_(animated_cartoons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popeye the Sailor (animated cartoons)">Popeye</a></i> cartoon shorts purchased from <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> in 1958, becoming <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Associated" class="mw-redirect" title="United Artists Associated">United Artists Associated</a>, its distribution division. </p><p>In 1963, UA released two Stanley Kramer films, <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_A_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" class="mw-redirect" title="It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Child_Is_Waiting" title="A Child Is Waiting">A Child Is Waiting</a></i>. In 1964, UA introduced U.S. film audiences to <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> by releasing <i><a href="/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_(film)" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i> (1964) and <i><a href="/wiki/Help!_(film)" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a></i> (1965). </p><p>At the same time, it backed two expatriate North Americans in Britain, who had acquired screen rights to <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>'s <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> novels. For $1 million, UA backed <a href="/wiki/Harry_Saltzman" title="Harry Saltzman">Harry Saltzman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Broccoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Broccoli">Albert Broccoli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dr._No_(film)" title="Dr. No (film)">Dr. No</a></i> in 1963 and launched the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bond (film series)">James Bond franchise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VF_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VF-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The franchise outlived UA's time as a major studio, continuing half a century later. Other successful projects backed in this period included the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pink Panther (film series)">Pink Panther</a></i> series, which began in 1964, and <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Westerns</a>, which made a star of <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> in the films of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fistful_of_Dollars" title="A Fistful of Dollars">A Fistful of Dollars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Few_Dollars_More" title="For a Few Dollars More">For a Few Dollars More</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good,_The_Bad_and_The_Ugly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good, The Bad and The Ugly">The Good, The Bad and The Ugly</a></i>. </p><p>In 1964, the French subsidiary, Les Productions Artistes Associés, released its first production <i><a href="/wiki/That_Man_from_Rio" title="That Man from Rio">That Man from Rio</a></i>. </p><p>In 1965, UA released the anticipated George Stevens' production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a></i> and was at the time, the most expensive film which was budgeted at $20 million. Max Von Sydow, in the role of Jesus Christ, led an all-star cast which included Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowell, Martin Landau, Dorothy McGuire, Sal Mineo, Ina Balin, Joanna Dunham, David McCallum, Nehemiah Persoff, Donald Pleasence, José Ferrer and Ed Wynn. The film did not make back its budget and was released to mixed critical receptions. But it has since been acclaimed as a classic by audiences around the world for being admirably inspired in its attempt to be faithful to the four books of the New Testament in the Holy Bible as well as the book of the same name by <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Oursler" title="Fulton Oursler">Fulton Oursler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told_(radio_program)" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told (radio program)">radio program</a> which ran from 1947 to 1956. <i>The Greatest Story Ever Told</i> received five Academy Award nominations in 1965 and was also listed among the "Top 10 Films of the Year" by the <a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review" title="National Board of Review">National Board of Review</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transamerica_subsidiary">Transamerica subsidiary</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_logo_1975.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/United_Artists_logo_1975.svg/220px-United_Artists_logo_1975.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/United_Artists_logo_1975.svg/330px-United_Artists_logo_1975.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/United_Artists_logo_1975.svg/440px-United_Artists_logo_1975.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>The second United Artists logo, used during the company's sale to Transamerica from 1967 until 1982.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the basis of its film and television hits, in 1967, <a href="/wiki/Transamerica_Corporation" title="Transamerica Corporation">Transamerica Corporation</a> purchased 98 percent of UA's stock. Transamerica selected <a href="/wiki/David_V._Picker" title="David V. Picker">David</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Picker" title="Arnold Picker">Arnold Picker</a> to lead its studio.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UA debuted a new logo incorporating the parent company's striped T emblem and the tagline "Entertainment from Transamerica Corporation". This wording was later shortened to "A Transamerica Company". The following year, in 1968, United Artists Associated was reincorporated as United Artists Television Distribution. In 1970, UA lost $35 million, and the Pickers were pushed aside for the return of Krim and Benjamin.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UA released another Best Picture Oscar winner in 1967, <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(film)" title="In the Heat of the Night (film)">In the Heat of the Night</a></i> and a nominee for Best Picture, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Graduate" title="The Graduate">The Graduate</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Pictures" title="Embassy Pictures">Embassy</a> production that UA distributed overseas. </p><p>Other successful pictures included the <a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)" title="Fiddler on the Roof (film)">1971 screen version</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i>. However, <a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha_(film)" title="Man of La Mancha (film)">the 1972 film version of <i>Man of La Mancha</i></a> was a failure. New talent was encouraged, including <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a>. With UA being the distributor for Woody Allen's <i><a href="/wiki/Bananas_(film)" title="Bananas (film)">Bananas</a></i> (1971),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it started as the distributor for a series of Woody Allen films. With the James Bond, Pink Panther, and Woody Allen films, UA had a series of films based on well known characters in the 1970s. </p><p>In 1973, United Artists took over the sales and distribution of <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a>'s films in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo-America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinema_International_Corporation" title="Cinema International Corporation">Cinema International Corporation</a> assumed international distribution rights for MGM's films and carried on to United International Pictures (made from CIC and UA's International assets being owned by partner MGM) in the 1980s. As part of the deal, UA acquired MGM's music publishing operation, Robbins, Feist, Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, Harry Saltzman sold UA his 50 percent stake in <a href="/wiki/Danjaq" title="Danjaq">Danjaq</a>, the holding-company for the Bond films. </p><p>UA released <i><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a></i> in 1975, which won the Best Picture Academy Award and was UA's highest-grossing film, with a gross of $163 million.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UA followed with the next two years' Best Picture Oscar winners, <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a></i>, becoming the first studio to win the award for three years running and also to become the studio with the most Best Picture winners at that time, with 11.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Transamerica was not pleased with UA's releases such as <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Cowboy" title="Midnight Cowboy">Midnight Cowboy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Tango_in_Paris" title="Last Tango in Paris">Last Tango in Paris</a></i> that were <a href="/wiki/X_rating" title="X rating">rated X</a> by the <a href="/wiki/MPAA" class="mw-redirect" title="MPAA">Motion Picture Association of America</a>. In these instances, Transamerica demanded the byline "A Transamerica Company" be removed on the prints and in all advertising. At one point, the parent company expressed its desire to phase out the UA name and replace it with Transamerica Films. Krim tried to convince Transamerica to spin off United Artists, but he and Transamerica's chairman could not come to an agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Medavoy_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medavoy-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally in 1978, following a dispute with Transamerica chief <a href="/wiki/John_R._Beckett" title="John R. Beckett">John R. Beckett</a><sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over administrative expenses,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> UA's top executives, including chairman Krim, president <a href="/wiki/Eric_Pleskow" title="Eric Pleskow">Eric Pleskow</a>, Benjamin and other key officers walked out. Within days they announced the formation of <a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with backing from <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros</a>. The departures concerned several Hollywood figures enough that they took out an ad in a trade paper warning Transamerica that it had made a fatal mistake in letting them go.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Later that year, it entered into a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar Productions</a>, whereas United Artists would distribute Lorimar's feature films theatrically, while Lorimar was planning to produce television series and miniseries adaptations from UA's feature film library.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transamerica inserted Andy Albeck as UA's president. United had its most successful year with four hits in 1979: <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_II" title="Rocky II">Rocky II</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(1979_film)" title="Manhattan (1979 film)">Manhattan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(film)" title="Moonraker (film)">Moonraker</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Stallion_(film)" title="The Black Stallion (film)">The Black Stallion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new leadership agreed to back <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_(film)" title="Heaven's Gate (film)">Heaven's Gate</a></i>, a project of director <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a>, which vastly overran its budget and cost $44 million. This led to the resignation of Albeck, who was replaced by Norbert Auerbach.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United Artists recorded a major loss for the year due almost entirely to the box-office failure of <i>Heaven's Gate</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It destroyed UA's reputation with Transamerica and the greater Hollywood community. However, it may have saved the United Artists name; UA's final head before the sale, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Bach" title="Steven Bach">Steven Bach</a>, wrote in his book <i>Final Cut</i> that there had been talk about renaming United Artists to Transamerica Pictures. </p><p>In 1980, Transamerica decided to exit the film making business, and put United Artists on the market. <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Kerkorian" title="Kirk Kerkorian">Kirk Kerkorian</a>'s Tracinda Corp. purchased the company in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tracinda also owned Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Artists_Classics">United Artists Classics</h4></div> <p>In 1981, United Artists Classics, which formerly re-released library titles, was turned into a first-run <a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">art film</a> distributor by Nathaniel T. Kwit, Jr. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bernard" title="Tom Bernard">Tom Bernard</a> was hired as the division director, as well as handling theatrical sales, and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Deutchman" title="Ira Deutchman">Ira Deutchman</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was hired as head of marketing. Later the division added <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barker_(film_distributor)" title="Michael Barker (film distributor)">Michael Barker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donna_Gigliotti" title="Donna Gigliotti">Donna Gigliotti</a>. Deutchman left to form <a href="/wiki/Cinecom" title="Cinecom">Cinecom</a>, and Barker and Bernard formed <a href="/wiki/Orion_Classics" title="Orion Classics">Orion Classics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Classics" title="Sony Pictures Classics">Sony Pictures Classics</a>. The label mostly released foreign and independent films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Cutter%27s_Way" title="Cutter's Way">Cutter's Way</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ticket_to_Heaven" title="Ticket to Heaven">Ticket to Heaven</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grey_Fox" title="The Grey Fox">The Grey Fox</a></i>, and occasional first-run reissues from the UA library, such as director's cuts of <i><a href="/wiki/Head_Over_Heels_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Over Heels (1979 film)">Head Over Heels</a></i>. When Barker and Bernard left to form Orion Classics, the label was briefly rechristened in 1984 as MGM/UA Classics before it ceased operating in the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MGM/UA_Entertainment_Company"><span id="MGM.2FUA_Entertainment_Company"></span>MGM/UA Entertainment Company</h3></div> <p>The merged studios became known as the MGM/UA Entertainment Company and in 1982 began launching new subsidiaries: the <a href="/wiki/MGM_Home_Entertainment" title="MGM Home Entertainment">MGM/UA Home Entertainment Group</a>, MGM/UA Classics and <a href="/wiki/MGM_Television" title="MGM Television">MGM/UA Television Group</a>. Kerkorian also bid for the remaining, outstanding public stock, but dropped his bid, facing lawsuits and vocal opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Silverman" title="Fred Silverman">Fred Silverman</a> and George Reeves via InterMedia Entertainment struck a deal with the studio to produce films and TV shows.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the purchase, <a href="/wiki/David_Begelman" title="David Begelman">David Begelman</a>'s duties were transferred from MGM to MGM/UA. Under Begelman, MGM/UA produced unsuccessful films and he was fired in July 1982. Of the 11 films he put into production, by the time of his termination only <i><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poltergeist (film series)">Poltergeist</a></i> proved to be a hit.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the consolidation, in 1983, MGM closed United Artists' long time headquarters at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MGM/UA sold the former UA music publishing division to <a href="/wiki/SBK_Records" title="SBK Records">CBS Songs</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/WarGames" title="WarGames">WarGames</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Octopussy" title="Octopussy">Octopussy</a></i> made substantial profits for the new MGM/UA in 1983, but were not sufficient for Kerkorian. It did not help tha<i>t WarGames</i> was briefly caught in a legal dispute with <a href="/wiki/EMI_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="EMI Films">EMI Films</a> concerning the film's funding and international rights.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1985-restructuring led to independent MGM and UA production units with the combined studio leaders each placed in charge of a single unit. Speculation from analysts was that one of the studios, most likely UA, would be sold to fund the other's (MGM) stock buy-back to take that studio private. However, soon afterwards, one unit's chief was fired and the remaining executive, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Ladd, Jr.">Alan Ladd, Jr.</a>, took charge of both.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turner">Turner</h4></div> <p>On August 7, 1985, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> announced that his <a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System" title="Turner Broadcasting System">Turner Broadcasting System</a> would buy MGM/UA. As film licensing to television became more complicated, Turner saw the value of acquiring MGM's film library for his superstation <a href="/wiki/TBS_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="TBS (TV network)">WTBS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the deal, Turner would immediately sell United Artists back to Kerkorian.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In anticipation, Kerkorian installed film producer <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Weintraub" title="Jerry Weintraub">Jerry Weintraub</a> as the chairman and chief executive of United Artists Corporation in November 1985; former <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> executive <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Thomopoulos" title="Anthony Thomopoulos">Anthony Thomopoulos</a> was recruited as UA's president.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weintraub's tenure at UA was brief; he left the studio in April 1986, replaced by former <a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar</a> executive <a href="/wiki/Lee_Rich" title="Lee Rich">Lee Rich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In anticipation, during the split, SLM Production Group moved its distribution deal to United Artists, after having left MGM/UA temporarily for 20th Century Fox.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 25, 1986, Turner finalized his acquisition of MGM/UA in a cash-stock deal for $1.5 billion and renamed it MGM Entertainment Co.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bart_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bart-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turner_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerkorian then repurchased most of United Artists' assets for roughly $480 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Bart_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bart-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turner_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this transaction, the original United Artists ceased to exist. Kerkorian, for all intents and purposes, created an entirely new company implementing the inherited assets; thus, the present day UA is not the legal successor to the original incarnation, though it shares similar assets.<sup id="cite_ref-Balio_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balio-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United Artists has plans to launch its new headquarters on <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills</a>, which was set to take effect on November 1, 1985, shortly before the Turner deal was finalized.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 23, 1986, United Artists and <a href="/wiki/Hoyts" title="Hoyts">Hoyts</a>, the Australian cinema chain and distribution company, signed a three-picture deal to co-produce films.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MGM/UA_Communications_Company"><span id="MGM.2FUA_Communications_Company"></span>MGM/UA Communications Company</h3></div> <figure class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Artists_1987.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_Artists_1987.svg/160px-United_Artists_1987.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_Artists_1987.svg/240px-United_Artists_1987.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_Artists_1987.svg/320px-United_Artists_1987.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Logo from 1987 to 1994.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to financial community concerns over his debt load, Ted Turner was forced to sell MGM's production and distribution assets to United Artists for $300 million on August 26, 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Bart_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bart-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turner_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabrikant-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MGM lot and lab facilities were sold to <a href="/wiki/Lorimar-Telepictures" title="Lorimar-Telepictures">Lorimar-Telepictures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabrikant-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turner kept the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television library, along with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Artists_Productions" title="Associated Artists Productions">Associated Artists Productions</a> library, and the RKO Pictures films that United Artists had previously purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabrikant-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 21, 1986, United Artists announced its re-entry into film production; <i><a href="/wiki/Baby_Boom_(film)" title="Baby Boom (film)">Baby Boom</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Men_(film)" title="Real Men (film)">Real Men</a></i> were the first new films to commence production, with a slate of 26 films to follow in development.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United Artists was renamed <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM/UA Communications Company</a> and organized into three main units: one television production and two film units. David Gerber headed up the television unit with Anthony Thomopoulous at United Artists, and Alan Ladd, Jr. at MGM. Despite a resurgence at the box office in 1987 with <i><a href="/wiki/Spaceballs" title="Spaceballs">Spaceballs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Daylights" title="The Living Daylights">The Living Daylights</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Moonstruck" title="Moonstruck">Moonstruck</a></i>, MGM/UA lost $88 million.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That November, <a href="/wiki/Hoyts" title="Hoyts">Hoyts</a> and United Artists decided to end their co-production partnership.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1988, Kerkorian's 82 percent of MGM/UA was up for sale; MGM and UA were split by July. Eventually, 25 percent of MGM was offered to <a href="/wiki/Burt_Sugarman" title="Burt Sugarman">Burt Sugarman</a>, and producers <a href="/wiki/Jon_Peters" title="Jon Peters">Jon Peters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Guber" title="Peter Guber">Peter Guber</a>, but the plan later fell through. Rich, Ladd, Thomopoulous and other executives grew tired of Kerkorian's antics and began to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-fu_11-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By summer 1988, the mass exodus of executives started to affect productions, with many film cancellations. The 1989 sale of MGM/UA to the Australian company <a href="/wiki/Qintex" title="Qintex">Qintex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Australian Television Network</a> (owners of the Hal Roach library, which both MGM and United Artists had distributed in the 1930s) also fell through, due to the company's bankruptcy later that year; Ted Turner attempted to buy the assets again but failed.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UA was essentially dormant after 1990 and released no films for several years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1990s">The 1990s</h3></div> <p>In November 1990, Italian financier <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Parretti" title="Giancarlo Parretti">Giancarlo Parretti</a> purchased MGM/UA. He'd previously purchased <a href="/wiki/The_Cannon_Group,_Inc." title="The Cannon Group, Inc.">Cannon Films</a> and renamed it Pathé Communications, anticipating a successful purchase of <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>, the famed French film company. But his attempt failed – largely from the French government looking into Parretti's shady past – and instead he merged MGM/UA with his former company, resulting in <a href="/wiki/MGM-Path%C3%A9_Communications" title="MGM-Pathé Communications">MGM-Pathé Communications</a> Co. During the transaction, Parretti overstated his own financial condition and obtained a loan under false pretenses; this was a harbinger of the chaos the studio fell into under his ownership. Debts went unpaid, forcing the delay of several films, as Parretti looted the company, fired most of the financial staff and feuded with Alan Ladd Jr. over control. To prevent any further damage (and in part to prevent their own financial misdeeds from coming to light), <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Lyonnais" title="Crédit Lyonnais">Crédit Lyonnais</a>, Parretti's primary lender, foreclosed on the studio in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PBart_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBart-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in Parretti defaulting on his loans and subsequently being convicted of securities fraud. On July 2, 1992, MGM-Pathé Communications was again named <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.</a> In an effort to make MGM/UA saleable, Credit Lyonnais ramped up production and convinced <a href="/wiki/John_Calley" title="John Calley">John Calley</a> to run UA. Under his supervision, Calley revived the <i>Pink Panther</i> and <i>James Bond</i> franchises and highlighted UA's past by giving the widest release ever to a film with an NC-17 rating, <i><a href="/wiki/Showgirls" title="Showgirls">Showgirls</a></i>. Credit Lyonnais sold MGM in 1996, again to Kirk Kerkorian's Tracinda, leading to Calley's departure.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> attempted to buy UA from Kerkorian who rejected the offer. Coppola signed a production deal with the studio instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Medavoy_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medavoy-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_2000s_to_the_2020s">The 2000s to the 2020s</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United-Artists-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/United-Artists-Logo.svg/200px-United-Artists-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/United-Artists-Logo.svg/300px-United-Artists-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/United-Artists-Logo.svg/400px-United-Artists-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="71" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>Logo from 2000 to 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1999, UA was re-positioned as a specialty studio. MGM had just acquired <a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">The Samuel Goldwyn Company</a>, which had been a leading distributor of arthouse films. After that name was retired, MGM folded UA into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures. G2 Films, the renamed Goldwyn Company and MGM's specialty London operations, was renamed United Artists International.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distributorship, branding, and copyrights for two of UA's main franchises (<i>Pink Panther</i>, and <i>Rocky</i>) were moved to MGM, although select MGM releases (notably the James Bond franchise co-held with <a href="/wiki/Danjaq" title="Danjaq">Danjaq, LLC</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(2005_film)" title="The Amityville Horror (2005 film)">Amityville Horror</a></i> remake) carry a United Artists copyright. The first arthouse film to bear the UA name was <i><a href="/wiki/Things_You_Can_Tell_Just_by_Looking_at_Her" title="Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her">Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her</a></i>. </p><p>United Artists hired <a href="/wiki/Bingham_Ray" title="Bingham Ray">Bingham Ray</a> to run the company on September 1, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under his supervision, the company produced and distributed many art films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Bowling_for_Columbine" title="Bowling for Columbine">Bowling for Columbine</a></i>, 2002's <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby_(2002_film)" title="Nicholas Nickleby (2002 film)">Nicholas Nickleby</a></i>, and the winner of that year's <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(2001_film)" title="No Man's Land (2001 film)">No Man's Land</a></i>; and 2004's <i><a href="/wiki/Undertow_(2004_film)" title="Undertow (2004 film)">Undertow</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Rwanda" title="Hotel Rwanda">Hotel Rwanda</a></i>, a co-production of UA and <a href="/wiki/Lions_Gate_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions Gate Entertainment">Lions Gate Entertainment</a>, and made deals with companies like <a href="/wiki/American_Zoetrope" title="American Zoetrope">American Zoetrope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revolution_Films" title="Revolution Films">Revolution Films</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ray stepped down from the company in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, a partnership of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and several merchant banks bought United Artists and its parent, MGM, for $4.8 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though only a minority investor, Sony closed MGM's distribution system and folded most of its staff into its own studio. The movies UA had completed and planned for release—<i><a href="/wiki/Capote_(film)" title="Capote (film)">Capote</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Art_School_Confidential_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Art School Confidential (film)">Art School Confidential</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woods_(2006_film)" title="The Woods (2006 film)">The Woods</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_and_Cigarettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance and Cigarettes">Romance and Cigarettes</a></i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>—were reassigned to <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Classics" title="Sony Pictures Classics">Sony Pictures Classics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2006, MGM announced that it would return again as a domestic distribution company. Striking distribution deals with <a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">The Weinstein Company</a> (TWC), <a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Entertainment" title="Lakeshore Entertainment">Lakeshore Entertainment</a>, Bauer Martinez Entertainment, and other independent studios, MGM distributed films from these companies. MGM continued funding and co-producing projects released in conjunction with Sony's <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Motion_Picture_Group" title="Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group">Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group</a> on a limited basis and produced <a href="/wiki/Tent-pole_(entertainment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tent-pole (entertainment)">tent-poles</a> for its own distribution company, MGM Distribution. </p><p>Sony had a minority stake in MGM, but otherwise MGM and UA operated under the direction of Stephen Cooper (CEO and minority owner of MGM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Artists_Entertainment">United Artists Entertainment</h4></div> <p>On November 2, 2006, MGM announced that <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> and his long-time production partner <a href="/wiki/Paula_Wagner" title="Paula Wagner">Paula Wagner</a> were resurrecting UA.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This announcement came after the duo were released from a fourteen-year production relationship at <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(2005%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (2005–present)">Viacom</a>-owned Paramount Pictures. Cruise, Wagner and <a href="/wiki/MGM_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Studios">MGM Studios</a> created United Artists Entertainment LLC and the producer/actor and his partner owned a 30 percent stake in the studio,<sup id="cite_ref-Fritz_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritz-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the approval by MGM's consortium of owners. The deal gave them control over production and development. Wagner was named CEO, and was allotted an annual slate of four films with varying budget ranges, while Cruise served as a producer for the revamped studio and the occasional star. </p><p>UA became the first motion picture studio granted a <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers Guild of America, West">Writers Guild of America, West</a> (WGA) waiver in January 2008 during the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers' Strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 14, 2008, MGM announced that Wagner would leave UA to produce films independently.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her output as head of UA was two films, both starring Cruise, <i><a href="/wiki/Lions_for_Lambs" title="Lions for Lambs">Lions for Lambs</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie_(film)" title="Valkyrie (film)">Valkyrie</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bom_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bom-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wagner's departure led to speculation that a UA overhaul was imminent.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming2_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, UA has served as a co-producer with MGM for two releases: the 2009 remake of <i><a href="/wiki/Fame_(2009_film)" title="Fame (2009 film)">Fame</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Tub_Time_Machine" title="Hot Tub Time Machine">Hot Tub Time Machine</a></i>—these are the last original films to date to bear the UA banner. </p><p>A 2011 financial report revealed that MGM reacquired its 100 percent stake in United Artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Fritz_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritz-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MGM stated that it might continue to make new films under the UA brand.<sup id="cite_ref-Fritz_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritz-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, however, UA itself functions in-name-only, although it occasionally re-releases (via MGM) most of its films theatrically under the UA banner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Artists_Media_Group_and_United_Artists_Digital_Studios">United Artists Media Group and United Artists Digital Studios</h4></div> <p>On September 22, 2014, MGM acquired a 55 percent interest in One Three Media and Lightworkers Media, both operated by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey and partly owned by <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearst Corporation">Hearst Entertainment</a>. The two companies were consolidated into a new television company, United Artists Media Group (UAMG), a revival of the UA brand. Burnett became UAMG's CEO and Downey became president of Lightworkers Media, the UAMG family and faith division. UAMG became the distributing studio for Mark Burnett Productions programming such as <i><a href="/wiki/Survivor_(American_TV_series)" title="Survivor (American TV series)">Survivor</a></i>. UAMG was to form an <a href="/wiki/Over-the-top_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-the-top content">over-the-top</a> faith-based channel.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 14, 2015, MGM announced that it had acquired the remaining 45 percent stake of UAMG it did not already own and folded UAMG into its own television division. Hearst, Downey and Burnett received stakes in MGM collectively valued at $233 million. Additionally, Burnett was promoted to president for MGM Television, replacing the outgoing <a href="/wiki/Roma_Khanna" title="Roma Khanna">Roma Khanna</a>. The planned over-the-top faith service (later to be branded as a combined OTT/<a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">digital subchannel</a> service known as <i>Light TV</i>, now the <a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a>) became a separate entity owned by MGM, Burnett, Downey and Hearst.<sup id="cite_ref-MGMTV_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGMTV-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 14, 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a> reported that MGM revived the brand as <i>United Artists Digital Studios</i> for the <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_Origins" title="Stargate Origins">Stargate Origins</a></i> web series as part of an attempted relaunch of <a href="/wiki/Stargate_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stargate (franchise)">its <i>Stargate</i> franchise</a> which also included a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a> platform known as <i>Stargate Command</i>, thus following in the footsteps of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>'s <i>CBS All Access</i> platform (now <a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024–present:_Revival"><span id="2024.E2.80.93present:_Revival"></span>2024–present: Revival</h4></div> <p>In July 2024, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stuber" title="Scott Stuber">Scott Stuber</a> was nearing a deal to revive the United Artists label under Amazon MGM Studios for the first time in over a decade. Amazon confirmed the news shortly after in a press release, announcing that Stuber had entered a multi-year first look deal with the company. Under this deal, Stuber will produce films for the newly revived banner under his own company either for a theatrical release or streaming release through <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>. Stuber will also be involved with every film released under the United Artists banner.<sup id="cite_ref-revival_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revival-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_library">Film library</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Artists_films" title="List of United Artists films">List of United Artists films</a></div> <p>A majority of UA's post-1952 library is now owned by MGM, while the pre-1952 films (with few exceptions) were either sold to other companies such as <a href="/wiki/National_Telefilm_Associates" title="National Telefilm Associates">National Telefilm Associates</a> (now a part of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Melange/Republic Pictures</a> holdings owned by Paramount Global, with <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> handling their distribution) or are in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. However, throughout the studio's history, UA acted more as a distributor than a film studio, crediting the copyright to the production company responsible. This explains why certain UA releases, such as <i>High Noon</i> (1952) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Countdown_(film)" title="The Final Countdown (film)">The Final Countdown</a></i> (1980), are still under copyright but not owned by MGM.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (February 2016)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> The MGM titles which UA distributed from 1973 to 1982 are now owned by Turner (under <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UA_films_on_video">UA films on video</h2></div> <p>UA originally leased the home video rights to its films to <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_Video" title="Magnetic Video">Magnetic Video</a>, the first home video company. Fox purchased Magnetic in 1981 and renamed it <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Home_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Home Entertainment">20th Century-Fox Video</a> that year. In 1982, 20th Century-Fox Video merged with <a href="/wiki/CBS_Home_Entertainment" title="CBS Home Entertainment">CBS Video Enterprises</a> (which earlier split from <a href="/wiki/MGM_Home_Entertainment" title="MGM Home Entertainment">MGM/CBS Home Video</a> after MGM merged with UA) giving birth to <a href="/wiki/CBS/Fox_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS/Fox Video">CBS/Fox Video</a>. Although MGM owned UA around this time, UA's licensing deal with CBS/Fox (which also included sublabels Key Video and Playhouse Video) was still in effect. However, the newly renamed <a href="/wiki/MGM_Home_Entertainment" title="MGM Home Entertainment">MGM/UA Home Video</a> started releasing some UA product, including UA films originally released in the mid-80s. Prior to MGM's purchase, UA licensed foreign video rights to Warner Bros. through <a href="/wiki/Warner_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Home Video">Warner Home Video</a>, in a deal that was set to expire in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, the pre-1950 WB and the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television libraries were purchased by Ted Turner after his short-lived ownership of MGM/UA, and as a result CBS/Fox lost home video rights to the pre-1950 WB films to MGM/UA Home Video, which licensed them from Turner. When the deal with CBS/Fox (inherited from Magnetic Video) expired in 1989, the UA released films were released through MGM/UA Home Video. </p><p>Before the Magnetic Video and Warner Home Video deals in 1980, United Artists had exclusive rental contracts with a small video label called <a href="/wiki/VidAmerica" title="VidAmerica">VidAmerica</a> in the US, and another small label called Intervision Video in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-ncn_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncn-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the home video release of 20 titles from the UA library (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Escape_(film)" title="The Great Escape (film)">The Great Escape</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Some_Like_It_Hot" title="Some Like It Hot">Some Like It Hot</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hair_(film)" title="Hair (film)">Hair</a></i>, along with a few pre-1950 WB titles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Artists_Broadcasting">United Artists Broadcasting</h2></div> <p>United Artists owned and operated two television stations under the "United Artists Broadcasting" name: <a href="/wiki/WUAB" title="WUAB">WUAB</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a> (nominally licensed to <a href="/wiki/Lorain,_Ohio" title="Lorain, Ohio">Lorain, Ohio</a>) which the studio built and sign on in 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-AkronB19680913p_43_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AkronB19680913p_43-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/WSTE-DT" title="WSTE-DT">WRIK-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a>, which was purchased in 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held a construction permit for a station in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, United Artists purchased radio station <a href="/wiki/WUMR_(FM)" title="WUMR (FM)">WWSH</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wumr-hc2_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wumr-hc2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United Artists left the broadcasting business starting in 1977 by selling WUAB to the <a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Entertainment_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaylord Entertainment Company">Gaylord Broadcasting Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-CPD19781010p7B_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPD19781010p7B-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WWSH to <a href="/wiki/Cox_Enterprises" title="Cox Enterprises">Cox Enterprises</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wumr-hc2_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wumr-hc2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by WRIK-TV's sale to <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Mu%C3%B1iz" title="Tommy Muñiz">Tommy Muñiz</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-hc_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hc-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Artists_Releasing">United Artists Releasing</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a></div> <p><b>United Artists Releasing, LLC (UAR)</b> was a local <a href="/wiki/Film_distribution" title="Film distribution">film distribution</a> <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> between MGM and Annapurna Pictures founded by former MGM CEO <a href="/wiki/Gary_Barber" title="Gary Barber">Gary Barber</a>, businessman and <a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Films" title="Open Road Films">Open Road Films</a> founder Eric Hohl and Annapurna founder <a href="/wiki/Megan_Ellison" title="Megan Ellison">Megan Ellison</a> on 31 October 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-MFound_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFound-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it rebranded as <i>United Artists Releasing</i> on 5 February 2019 to commemorate 100 years since the founding of <i>United Artists</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rebrand_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebrand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it operated within with offices of the headquarters of the respective companies in <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="West Hollywood">West Hollywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and offered alternative services to the <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">major film studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a> companies<sup id="cite_ref-Rebrand_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebrand-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 10–14 films released annually.<sup id="cite_ref-Rebrand1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebrand1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 May 2021, <a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">online shopping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> acquired MGM Holdings, the parent company of MGM, for $8.45 billion<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was completed on 17 March 2022<sup id="cite_ref-Closed_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closed-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consequentially placed United Artists Releasing under the control of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Studios">Amazon Studios</a>. Amazon then folded United Artists Releasing into MGM on 4 March 2023 in a push towards cinematic/theatrical film distribution alongside their staple media releases on their video on demand service <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a> following the box-office success of <i><a href="/wiki/Creed_III" title="Creed III">Creed III</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Creed_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creed-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Artists_films" title="List of United Artists films">List of United Artists films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WB retained a pair of features from 1949 that they merely distributed, and all short subjects released on or after September 1, 1948, in addition to all cartoons released in August 1948.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWoo2011" class="citation news cs1">Woo, Elaine (September 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-0929-mo-rothman-20110929,0,5684307.story">"Mo Rothman dies at 92; found new audience for Chaplin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229081349/http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-0929-mo-rothman-20110929,0,5684307.story">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Mo+Rothman+dies+at+92%3B+found+new+audience+for+Chaplin&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-0929-mo-rothman-20110929%2C0%2C5684307.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1981" class="citation news cs1">Cole, Robert J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=MGM%2C+Annapurna+Form+U.S.+Distribution+Partnership&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=McNary&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2017%2Ffilm%2Fbox-office%2Fmgm-annapurna-u-s-distribution-partnership-1202603105%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebrand-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rebrand_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebrand_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebrand_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2019" class="citation news cs1">Donnelly, Matt (February 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/film/news/annapurna-mgm-united-artists-releasing-1203128801/">"Annapurna, MGM Joint Distribution Venture Rebrands as United Artists Releasing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205230628/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/annapurna-mgm-united-artists-releasing-1203128801/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2019</span>. <q>As part of the agreement, MGM and Annapurna also announced that they have formed a Mirror releasing entity to pursue theatrical releasing opportunities for third-party films.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Annapurna%2C+MGM+Joint+Distribution+Venture+Rebrands+as+United+Artists+Releasing&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fannapurna-mgm-united-artists-releasing-1203128801%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebrand1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rebrand1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebrand1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaluppo2019" class="citation web cs1">Galuppo, Mia (February 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mgm-annapurna-team-distribution-label-united-artists-releasing-1182888">"MGM, Annapurna Team for Distribution Label United Artists Releasing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Penske_Media_Corporation" title="Penske Media Corporation">Penske Media Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208054446/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mgm-annapurna-team-distribution-label-united-artists-releasing-1182888">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=MGM%2C+Annapurna+Team+for+Distribution+Label+United+Artists+Releasing&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft.aulast=Galuppo&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fmgm-annapurna-team-distribution-label-united-artists-releasing-1182888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creed-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Creed_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Creed_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClintock2023" class="citation web cs1">McClintock, Pamela (March 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/creed-iii-box-office-opening-1235340591/">"Box Office: 'Creed III' Wins Title with Series-Best $51M Opening"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304165729/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/creed-iii-box-office-opening-1235340591/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Amazon protected its newfound theatrical apparatus by folding United Artists Releasing into MGM.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Box+Office%3A+%27Creed+III%27+Wins+Title+with+Series-Best+%2451M+Opening&rft.date=2023-03-04&rft.aulast=McClintock&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-news%2Fcreed-iii-box-office-opening-1235340591%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uacbs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uacbs_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uacbs_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalio2009" class="citation book cs1">Balio, Tino (March 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QljKdIYzncoC&pg=PA29"><i>United Artists, Volume 1, 1919–1950: The Company Built by the Stars, Volume 1</i></a> (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Funding+Universe&rft.atitle=History+of+Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2Fmetro-goldwyn-mayer-inc-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/zanuck-schenck.htm">"The Formation of Twentieth Century-Fox (20th Century Fox)"</a>. <i>www.cobbles.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421065654/http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/zanuck-schenck.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cobbles.com&rft.atitle=The+Formation+of+Twentieth+Century-Fox+%2820th+Century+Fox%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cobbles.com%2Fsimpp_archive%2Fzanuck-schenck.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UA40-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UA40_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA40_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA40_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA40_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UA40_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer1959" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mayer" title="Arthur Mayer">Mayer, Arthur L</a> (June 24, 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/variety215-1959-06#page/n251/mode/1up">"UA at 40"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p. 42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UA+at+40&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1959-06-24&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Arthur+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety215-1959-06%23page%2Fn251%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vt0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vt0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vt0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2019" class="citation news cs1">Plunkett, Paul (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/film/spotlight/rocky-high-noon-west-side-story-1203358522/">"United Artists Looks Back on 100 Years of Groundbreaking Films"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004185121/https://variety.com/2019/film/spotlight/rocky-high-noon-west-side-story-1203358522/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=United+Artists+Looks+Back+on+100+Years+of+Groundbreaking+Films&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ffilm%2Fspotlight%2Frocky-high-noon-west-side-story-1203358522%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalio2009" class="citation book cs1">Balio, Tino (March 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EeK5s3aw44C&q=united+artists+legal+successor&pg=PA343"><i>United Artists: The Company that Changed the Film Industry</i></a> (1st ed.). Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 226–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299114404" title="Special:BookSources/9780299114404"><bdi>9780299114404</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9EeK5s3aw44C&q=united+artists+legal+successor&pg=PA343">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Artists%3A+The+Company+that+Changed+the+Film+Industry&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=226-227&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.isbn=9780299114404&rft.aulast=Balio&rft.aufirst=Tino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9EeK5s3aw44C%26q%3Dunited%2Bartists%2Blegal%2Bsuccessor%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20">"US Sets Up Own Diskery Label"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. October 14, 1957. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=US+Sets+Up+Own+Diskery+Label&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1957-10-14&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCkEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMI-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EMI_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emiarchivetrust.org/about/history-of-emi/">"About: 1970–1979"</a>. EMI Archive Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165657/http://www.emiarchivetrust.org/about/history-of-emi/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About%3A+1970%E2%80%931979&rft.pub=EMI+Archive+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emiarchivetrust.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory-of-emi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeil1996" class="citation book cs1">McNeil, Alex (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dctkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Total television: the comprehensive guide to programming from 1948 to the present</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Penguin Books. p. 886. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140249163" title="Special:BookSources/9780140249163"><bdi>9780140249163</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172219/https://books.google.com/books?id=dctkAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Total+television%3A+the+comprehensive+guide+to+programming+from+1948+to+the+present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=886&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780140249163&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdctkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediahistory&tab=collection?and%5B%5D=subject%3A%22Motion%20pictures%20--%20Catalogues%22">"Movies from a.a.p.: Programs of quality from quality studios, Warner Bros. features and cartoons, Popeye cartoons"</a>. 1957<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movies+from+a.a.p.%3A+Programs+of+quality+from+quality+studios%2C+Warner+Bros.+features+and+cartoons%2C+Popeye+cartoons&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmediahistory%26tab%3Dcollection%3Fand%255B%255D%3Dsubject%253A%2522Motion%2520pictures%2520--%2520Catalogues%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schickel-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schickel_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchickelPerry2008" class="citation book cs1">Schickel, Richard; Perry, George (September 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mN0sLgAACAAJ"><i>You Must Remember This: The Warner Bros. Story</i></a>. Philadelphia.: Running Press. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762434183" title="Special:BookSources/9780762434183"><bdi>9780762434183</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Must+Remember+This%3A+The+Warner+Bros.+Story&rft.place=Philadelphia.&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft.isbn=9780762434183&rft.aulast=Schickel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Perry%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmN0sLgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VF-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VF_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamp2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Kamp, David (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/10/fifty-years-of-james-bond">"Fifty Years of Bond, James Bond: The Greatest Film Franchise's Biggest Birthday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517221556/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/10/fifty-years-of-james-bond">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>. <q>In 1961, Broccoli worked his connections to secure a meeting in New York with Arthur Krim, the head of United Artists. Krim agreed to a budget of just over a million dollars for a James Bond movie.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+of+Bond%2C+James+Bond%3A+The+Greatest+Film+Franchise%27s+Biggest+Birthday&rft.date=2012-10&rft.aulast=Kamp&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2F2012%2F10%2Ffifty-years-of-james-bond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/54031">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. <i>catalog.afi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F54031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LwkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3">"Big 3 Sold to UA; Plus 1/2 Can. Co"</a>. <i>Billboard Magazine</i>. October 27, 1973. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172223/https://books.google.com/books?id=LwkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard+Magazine&rft.atitle=Big+3+Sold+to+UA%3B+Plus+1%2F2+Can.+Co.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1973-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLwkEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Hi-Flying 'Cuckoo' At $163,250,000; Best Ever of UA". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. November 17, 1976. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Hi-Flying+%27Cuckoo%27+At+%24163%2C250%2C000%3B+Best+Ever+of+UA&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1976-11-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"UA: 11 Times With, Best Pic'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. April 12, 1978. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UA%3A+11+Times+With%2C+Best+Pic%27&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1978-04-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Medavoy-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Medavoy_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Medavoy_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedavoyYoung2013" class="citation book cs1">Medavoy, Mike; Young, Josh (June 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQe4nFeemPMC&q=krim+transamerica"><i>You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 85–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439118139" title="Special:BookSources/9781439118139"><bdi>9781439118139</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You%27re+Only+as+Good+as+Your+Next+One%3A+100+Great+Films%2C+100+Good+Films%2C+and+100+for+Which+I+Should+Be+Shot&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=85-86&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.isbn=9781439118139&rft.aulast=Medavoy&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Young%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQe4nFeemPMC%26q%3Dkrim%2Btransamerica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/78-OCR/1978-10-16-BC-OCR-Page-0044.pdf">"Lorimar, UA pact"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting Magazine</a></i>. October 16, 1978. p. 44<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting+Magazine&rft.atitle=Lorimar%2C+UA+pact&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1978-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMagazines%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F78-OCR%2F1978-10-16-BC-OCR-Page-0044.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelkos" class="citation news cs1">Welkos, Robert W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-heavens-gate-flop-archive-20040612-snap-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Heaven's Gate': The film flop that reshaped Hollywood"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175430/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-heavens-gate-flop-archive-20040612-snap-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Heaven%27s+Gate%27%3A+The+film+flop+that+reshaped+Hollywood&rft.aulast=Welkos&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fla-et-mn-heavens-gate-flop-archive-20040612-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1981" class="citation news cs1">Cole, Robert J. (May 16, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/16/world/m-g-m-is-reported-purchasing-united-artists-for-350-million.html">"M-G-M is Reported Purchasing United Artists for $350 Million"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908011627/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/16/world/m-g-m-is-reported-purchasing-united-artists-for-350-million.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=M-G-M+is+Reported+Purchasing+United+Artists+for+%24350+Million&rft.date=1981-05-16&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F16%2Fworld%2Fm-g-m-is-reported-purchasing-united-artists-for-350-million.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlemingBusch2014" class="citation news cs1">Fleming, Mike Jr; Busch, Anita (September 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2014/09/mgm-roma-downey-and-mark-burnetts-united-artists-838595/">"MGM Buys 55% Of Roma Downey And Mark Burnett's Empire; Relaunches United Artists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021200446/http://deadline.com/2014/09/mgm-roma-downey-and-mark-burnetts-united-artists-838595/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=MGM+Buys+55%25+Of+Roma+Downey+And+Mark+Burnett%27s+Empire%3B+Relaunches+United+Artists&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Mike+Jr&rft.au=Busch%2C+Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2014%2F09%2Fmgm-roma-downey-and-mark-burnetts-united-artists-838595%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabrikant1985" class="citation news cs1">Fabrikant, Geraldine (August 8, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/08/business/turner-acquiring-mgm-movie-empire.html">"Turner Acquiring MGM Movie Empire"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011124244/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/08/business/turner-acquiring-mgm-movie-empire.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turner+Acquiring+MGM+Movie+Empire&rft.date=1985-08-08&rft.aulast=Fabrikant&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F08%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Fturner-acquiring-mgm-movie-empire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Handle With Care". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Film_(magazine)" title="American Film (magazine)">American Film</a></i>. Winter 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Film&rft.atitle=Handle+With+Care&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiskel1982" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Siskel, Gene</a> (May 16, 1982). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/search/#query=Hello%2C+Sweet+Art%3A+Small+Films+Big+Success+in+Chicago&ymd=1982-05-16">"Hellow, Sweet Art: Small Films Big Success in Chicago"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. p. 141. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002120630/http://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/search/#query=Hello%2C+Sweet+Art%3A+Small+Films+Big+Success+in+Chicago&ymd=1982-05-16">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hellow%2C+Sweet+Art%3A+Small+Films+Big+Success+in+Chicago&rft.pages=141&rft.date=1982-05-16&rft.aulast=Siskel&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.newspapers.com%2Fsearch%2F%23query%3DHello%252C%2BSweet%2BArt%253A%2BSmall%2BFilms%2BBig%2BSuccess%2Bin%2BChicago%26ymd%3D1982-05-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"UA Classics Heads West, Alters Logo". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. February 22, 1984. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UA+Classics+Heads+West%2C+Alters+Logo&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1984-02-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/81-OCR/1981-10-19-BC-OCR-Page-0063.pdf">"Silverman strikes deal with UA-MGM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting</a></i>. October 19, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818024029/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/81-OCR/1981-10-19-BC-OCR-Page-0063.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Silverman+strikes+deal+with+UA-MGM&rft.date=1981-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMagazines%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F81-OCR%2F1981-10-19-BC-OCR-Page-0063.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/81-OCR/1981-11-02-BC-OCR-Page-0052.pdf">"Monitor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting</a></i>. November 2, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818024023/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/81-OCR/1981-11-02-BC-OCR-Page-0052.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Monitor&rft.date=1981-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMagazines%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F81-OCR%2F1981-11-02-BC-OCR-Page-0052.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmetz1982" class="citation news cs1">Harmetz, Aljean (July 13, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/13/business/begelman-removed-as-chief-of-united-artists.html">"Begelman Removed as Chief of United Artists"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306182920/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/13/business/begelman-removed-as-chief-of-united-artists.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Begelman+Removed+as+Chief+of+United+Artists&rft.date=1982-07-13&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F07%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fbegelman-removed-as-chief-of-united-artists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/31/nyregion/700-bankers-trust-workers-to-be-shifted-to-jersey-city.html">"700 Bankers Trust Workers To Be Shifted to Jersey City"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 31, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524143429/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/31/nyregion/700-bankers-trust-workers-to-be-shifted-to-jersey-city.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=700+Bankers+Trust+Workers+To+Be+Shifted+to+Jersey+City&rft.date=1983-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F03%2F31%2Fnyregion%2F700-bankers-trust-workers-to-be-shifted-to-jersey-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrv_Lichtman1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Irv Lichtman (January 8, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSQEAAAAMBAJ&q=CBS+Songs+Grows+With+MGM%2FUA+Deal&pg=PT2">"CBS Songs Grows With MGM/UA Deal"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172226/https://books.google.com/books?id=PSQEAAAAMBAJ&q=CBS+Songs+Grows+With+MGM/UA+Deal&pg=PT2">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=CBS+Songs+Grows+With+MGM%2FUA+Deal&rft.date=1983-01-08&rft.au=Irv+Lichtman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSQEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DCBS%2BSongs%2BGrows%2BWith%2BMGM%252FUA%2BDeal%26pg%3DPT2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"EMI Sues UA Over 'War Games' Distrib Rights, Territories". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. March 2, 1983. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=EMI+Sues+UA+Over+%27War+Games%27+Distrib+Rights%2C+Territories&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1983-03-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prince-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prince_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2000" class="citation book cs1">Prince, Stephen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_M3nR4wI99AC"><i>A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980 1989</i></a> (Paperback ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 14–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520232662" title="Special:BookSources/9780520232662"><bdi>9780520232662</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172243/https://books.google.com/books?id=_M3nR4wI99AC">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Pot+of+Gold%3A+Hollywood+Under+the+Electronic+Rainbow%2C+1980+1989&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=14-16&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780520232662&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_M3nR4wI99AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellugach1985" class="citation news cs1">Dellugach, Al (November 12, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-11-12-fi-5079-story.html">"Weintraub Is New Chief of United Artists"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013062646/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-11-12/business/fi-5079_1_united-artists">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Weintraub+Is+New+Chief+of+United+Artists&rft.date=1985-11-12&rft.aulast=Dellugach&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-11-12-fi-5079-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/20/arts/new-head-for-united-artists.html">"New Head For United Artists"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 20, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072059/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/20/arts/new-head-for-united-artists.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Head+For+United+Artists&rft.date=1985-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F11%2F20%2Farts%2Fnew-head-for-united-artists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1986" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathryn (April 29, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-29-fi-2389-story.html">"Rich Resigns From Lorimar to Become Chairman of UA"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013065026/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-04-29/business/fi-2389_1_united-artists">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Rich+Resigns+From+Lorimar+to+Become+Chairman+of+UA&rft.date=1986-04-29&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-04-29-fi-2389-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"SLM Distribution Pact Will Shift to UA After Split". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. January 22, 1986. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=SLM+Distribution+Pact+Will+Shift+to+UA+After+Split&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1986-01-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bart-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bart_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bart_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bart_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBart1990" class="citation book cs1">Bart, Peter (May 1990). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UKVZAAAAYAAJ"><i>Fade Out: The Calamitous Final Days of MGM</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Morrow. pp. 236–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671710606" title="Special:BookSources/9780671710606"><bdi>9780671710606</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fade+Out%3A+The+Calamitous+Final+Days+of+MGM&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=236-238&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Morrow&rft.date=1990-05&rft.isbn=9780671710606&rft.aulast=Bart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUKVZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2008" class="citation book cs1">Parsons, Patrick R. (April 5, 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIFS_EqkOvYC"><i>Blue Skies: A History of Cable Television</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592137060" title="Special:BookSources/9781592137060"><bdi>9781592137060</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Skies%3A+A+History+of+Cable+Television&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2008-04-05&rft.isbn=9781592137060&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Patrick+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIFS_EqkOvYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefoff1992" class="citation book cs1">Stefoff, Rebecca (1992). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osj3Dmmidt8C"><i>Ted Turner, Television's Triumphant Tiger</i></a></span>. Ada, Oklahoma: Garrett Educational Corp. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781560740247" title="Special:BookSources/9781560740247"><bdi>9781560740247</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ted+Turner%2C+Television%27s+Triumphant+Tiger&rft.place=Ada%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Garrett+Educational+Corp.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9781560740247&rft.aulast=Stefoff&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dosj3Dmmidt8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorch1986" class="citation news cs1">Storch, Charles (May 7, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191625/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24900226.html?dids=24900226:24900226&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+07%2C+1986&author=Charles+Storch&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=TURNER+MAY+SELL+EQUITY+IN+COMPANY&pqatl=google">"Turner May Sell Equity In Company"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24900226.html?dids=24900226:24900226&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+07%2C+1986&author=Charles+Storch&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=TURNER+MAY+SELL+EQUITY+IN+COMPANY&pqatl=google">the original</a> on January 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Turner+May+Sell+Equity+In+Company&rft.date=1986-05-07&rft.aulast=Storch&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F24900226.html%3Fdids%3D24900226%3A24900226%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DMay%2B07%252C%2B1986%26author%3DCharles%2BStorch%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%2B%28pre-1997%2BFulltext%29%26desc%3DTURNER%2BMAY%2BSELL%2BEQUITY%2BIN%2BCOMPANY%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGendel1986" class="citation news cs1">Gendel, Morgan (June 7, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-07-ca-10151-story.html">"Turner Sells The Studio, Holds on to the Dream"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213144359/https://www.latimes.com/archives">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Turner+Sells+The+Studio%2C+Holds+on+to+the+Dream&rft.date=1986-06-07&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-06-07-ca-10151-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balio-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Balio_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalio2009" class="citation book cs1">Balio, Tino (March 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EeK5s3aw44C&q=united+artists+legal+successor&pg=PA343"><i>United Artists, Volume 2, 1951–1978: The Company That Changed the Film Industry</i></a>. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299230135" title="Special:BookSources/9780299230135"><bdi>9780299230135</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307172219/https://books.google.com/books?id=9EeK5s3aw44C&q=united+artists+legal+successor&pg=PA343">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Artists%2C+Volume+2%2C+1951%E2%80%931978%3A+The+Company+That+Changed+the+Film+Industry&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.isbn=9780299230135&rft.aulast=Balio&rft.aufirst=Tino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9EeK5s3aw44C%26q%3Dunited%2Bartists%2Blegal%2Bsuccessor%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"UA To Headquarter In Beverly Hills". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. October 16, 1985. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UA+To+Headquarter+In+Beverly+Hills&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1985-10-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbraith1986" class="citation news cs1">Galbraith, Jane (April 23, 1986). "UA, Oz's Hoyts Ink Coproduction Accord". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UA%2C+Oz%27s+Hoyts+Ink+Coproduction+Accord&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1986-04-23&rft.aulast=Galbraith&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fabrikant-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fabrikant_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabrikant1986" class="citation news cs1">Fabrikant, Geraldine (June 7, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/07/business/turner-to-sell-mgm-assets.html">"Turner To Sell Mgm Assets"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215030846/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/07/business/turner-to-sell-mgm-assets.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turner+To+Sell+Mgm+Assets&rft.date=1986-06-07&rft.aulast=Fabrikant&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F06%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fturner-to-sell-mgm-assets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1986/08/27/turner-united-artists-close-deal/">"Turner, United Artists Close Deal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. August 27, 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055612/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-08-27/business/0250090069_1_united-artists-turner-mgm">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Turner%2C+United+Artists+Close+Deal&rft.date=1986-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F1986%2F08%2F27%2Fturner-united-artists-close-deal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbraith1986" class="citation news cs1">Galbraith, Jane (August 27, 1986). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Valkyrie+%282008%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fmovies%2F%3Fid%3Dvalkyrie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHighfill2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Highfill, Samantha (January 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/22/mgm-united-artists-media-group">"MGM is launching the United Artists Media Group (again)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081806/http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/22/mgm-united-artists-media-group">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>. <q>MGM recently formed United Artists Digital Studios...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=MGM%27s+Revenue+on+the+Rise%2C+But+Net+Income+Struggles&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fmgms-revenue-rise-but-net-income-struggles-1134873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revival-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revival_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2024" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Mike Jr (July 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2024/07/scott-stuber-closing-deal-to-revive-united-artists-1236023229/">"Scott Stuber Closes Deal To Revive United Artists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+MGM%2FUA%2C+Bidders+Are+Scarce&rft.date=1988-05-31&rft.aulast=Fabrikant&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F05%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Ffor-mgm-ua-bidders-are-scarce.html%3Fsrc%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncn-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ncn_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBins1980" class="citation news cs1">Bins, Chuck (December 23, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-dec-23-1980-4683796/">"VCR revolution to provide wide selection for TV viewers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_News" title="New Castle News">New Castle News</a></i>. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Castle+News&rft.atitle=VCR+revolution+to+provide+wide+selection+for+TV+viewers&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1980-12-23&rft.aulast=Bins&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Fother-articles-clipping-dec-23-1980-4683796%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-Panorama-TV-IDX/IDX/Panorama-TV-1980-02-OCR-Page-0101.pdf#search=%22allied%22">"This Month"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>Panorama</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Akron+Beacon+Journal&rft.atitle=WUAB+%2843%29+Joins+The+TV+Family&rft.pages=D3&rft.date=1968-09-13&rft.aulast=Shippy&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F110317467%2Fwuab-43-joins-the-tv-family%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-07-28-BC.pdf">"UA to acquire WRIK-TV Ponce, P.R."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Broadcasting</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting&rft.atitle=UA+to+acquire+WRIK-TV+Ponce%2C+P.R.&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1969-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-BC%2FBC-1969%2F1969-07-28-BC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1966/1966-03-07-BC.pdf">"United Artists gets ch. 43 Lorain, Ohio"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Broadcasting</i>. Vol. 70, no. 10. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2022</span> – via GenealogyBank.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Channel+61+plans+a+return&rft.pages=7-B&rft.date=1978-10-10&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Raymond+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genealogybank.com%2Fnewspaper-clippings%2F%2Fqkdvcsbogqsnvxjebeframipsxoxymmb_wma-gateway016_1662873097908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hc-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hc_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/getimportletter_exh.cgi?import_letter_id=86523&.pdf">FCC History Cards for WSTE-DT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanglerLang2021" class="citation news cs1">Spangler, Todd; Lang, Brent (May 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2021/biz/news/amazon-buys-mgm-studio-behind-james-bond-for-8-45-billion-1234980526/">"Amazon Buys MGM, Studio Behind James Bond, for $8.45 Billion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Penske_Media_Corporation" title="Penske Media Corporation">Penske Media Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125014617/https://variety.com/2021/biz/news/amazon-buys-mgm-studio-behind-james-bond-for-8-45-billion-1234980526/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Amazon+Buys+MGM%2C+Studio+Behind+James+Bond%2C+for+%248.45+Billion&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.au=Lang%2C+Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Fbiz%2Fnews%2Famazon-buys-mgm-studio-behind-james-bond-for-8-45-billion-1234980526%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Closed-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Closed_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaas2022" class="citation web cs1">Maas, Jennifer (March 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/amazon-mgm-merger-close-1235207852/">"Amazon Closes $8.5 Billion Acquisition of MGM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404000745/https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/amazon-mgm-merger-close-1235207852/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Amazon+Closes+%248.5+Billion+Acquisition+of+MGM&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Famazon-mgm-merger-close-1235207852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Artists" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Bach, Steven. <i>Final Cut</i>. New York: Morrow, 1985.</li> <li>Balio, Tino. <i>United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars</i>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.</li> <li>Balio, Tino. <i>United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry</i>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Scott_Berg" title="A. Scott Berg">Berg, A. Scott</a>. <i>Goldwyn</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Gabler" title="Neal Gabler">Gabler, Neal</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/An_Empire_of_Their_Own:_How_the_Jews_Invented_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood">An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood</a></i>. New York: Crown Publishers, 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Schickel" title="Richard Schickel">Schickel, Richard</a>. <i>D.W. Griffith: An American Life</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.</li> <li>Thomson, David. <i>Showman: The Life of David O. Selznick</i>. New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="external text" href="http://arcat.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1157/">United Artists Corporation Records 1919–1965</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131209193925/http://arcat.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1157/">Archived</a> December 9, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> — <i>at the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Center_for_Film_and_Theater_Research" title="Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research">Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_studios_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_studios" title="Template:Film studios"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_studios" title="Template talk:Film studios"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_studios" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film studios"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_studios_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">Film studios</a> in the United States and Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Majors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Universal_Studios" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Films" title="Carnival Films">Carnival Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Title_Films" title="Working Title Films">Working Title Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Players" title="Paramount Players">Paramount Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awesomeness_(company)" title="Awesomeness (company)">Awesomeness Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Entertainment_Studios" title="MTV Entertainment Studios">MTV Entertainment Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Movies" title="Nickelodeon Movies">Nickelodeon Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacom18_Studios" title="Viacom18 Studios">Viacom18 Studios</a> (13.01%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Family" title="20th Century Family">20th Century Family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Studios" title="Star Studios">Star Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Enterprises" title="Regency Enterprises">Regency Enterprises</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_Pictures" title="Searchlight Pictures">Searchlight Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneynature" title="Disneynature">Disneynature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Films" title="ESPN Films">ESPN Films</a> (80%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a> (73%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A&E Networks</a> (50%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a> (16%)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Castle Rock Entertainment">Castle Rock Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Films" title="CNN Films">CNN Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Studios" title="DC Studios">DC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship_Entertainment_Group" title="Flagship Entertainment Group">Flagship Entertainment Group</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO_Films" title="HBO Films">HBO Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Media_Group" title="Spyglass Media Group">Spyglass Media Group</a> (minority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruTV" title="TruTV">TruTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Street" title="Williams Street">Williams Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriStar_Pictures" title="TriStar Pictures">TriStar Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Releasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Pictures Releasing">Sony Pictures Releasing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3000_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="3000 Pictures">3000 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Productions" title="PlayStation Productions">PlayStation Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Gems" title="Screen Gems">Screen Gems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Classics" title="Sony Pictures Classics">Sony Pictures Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TriStar_Productions" title="TriStar Productions">TriStar Productions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Worldwide_Acquisitions" title="Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions">Worldwide Acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirm_Films" title="Affirm Films">Affirm Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_Films" title="Destination Films">Destination Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_6_Films" title="Stage 6 Films">Stage 6 Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Corps" title="Ghost Corps">Ghost Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Kids_Zone" title="Sony Pictures Kids Zone">Sony Pictures Kids Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Bank_Pictures" title="Left Bank Pictures">Left Bank Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Television_Kids" title="Sony Pictures Television Kids">Silvergate Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios#Mini-majors" title="Major film studios">Mini-majors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lionsgate_Studios" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Studios" title="Lionsgate Studios">Lionsgate Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Films" title="Lionsgate Films">Lionsgate Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Premiere" title="Lionsgate Premiere">Lionsgate Premiere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_Entertainment" title="Summit Entertainment">Summit Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Canada" title="Lionsgate Canada">Lionsgate Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Canada#eOne_Films" title="Lionsgate Canada">eOne Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_Attractions" title="Roadside Attractions">Roadside Attractions</a> (43%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantelion_Films" title="Pantelion Films">Pantelion Films</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Universe" title="Good Universe">Good Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Arts_Entertainment" title="3 Arts Entertainment">3 Arts Entertainment</a> (majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass_Media_Group" title="Spyglass Media Group">Spyglass Media Group</a> (18.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Classics" title="Orion Classics">Orion Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightworkers_Media" title="Lightworkers Media">Lightworkers Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A24" title="A24">A24 Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2AM_(company)" title="2AM (company)">2AM</a> (backing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/STX_Entertainment" title="STX Entertainment">STX Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STX_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="STX Films">STX Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horizontal<br />production/<br />distribution<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Entertainment" title="Condé Nast Entertainment">Condé Nast Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_Entertainment" title="Dark Horse Entertainment">Dark Horse Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbro_Entertainment" title="Hasbro Entertainment">Hasbro Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattel_Films" title="Mattel Films">Mattel Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio">Random House Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roku,_Inc." title="Roku, Inc.">Roku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation" title="Scholastic Corporation">Scholastic Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubisoft_Film_%26_Television" title="Ubisoft Film & Television">Ubisoft Film & Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slate<br />partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGC_Studios" title="AGC Studios">AGC Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Entertainment" title="Atlas Entertainment">Atlas Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bear_Pictures" title="Black Bear Pictures">Black Bear Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Label_Media" title="Black Label Media">Black Label Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_List_(survey)" title="The Black List (survey)">Black List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bron_Studios" title="Bron Studios">Bron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Solar">Mad Solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_Artists" title="Escape Artists">Escape Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavor_(company)" title="Endeavor (company)">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FilmNation_Entertainment" title="FilmNation Entertainment">FilmNation Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Group" title="Gotham Group">Gotham Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Park_Productions" title="Grosvenor Park Productions">Grosvenor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_H_Collective" title="The H Collective">H Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICM_Partners" title="ICM Partners">ICM Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenious_Media" title="Ingenious Media">Ingenious Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Media_Fund" title="Los Angeles Media Fund">LAMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantern_Entertainment" title="Lantern Entertainment">Lantern Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_Entertainment" title="Legendary Entertainment">Legendary Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_(company)" title="MRC (company)">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Pictures" title="New Republic Pictures">New Republic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalmStar_Media" title="PalmStar Media">PalmStar Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(production_company)" title="Prospect Park (production company)">Prospect Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skydance_Media" title="Skydance Media">Skydance Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSG_Entertainment" title="TSG Entertainment">TSG Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Roadshow_Pictures" title="Village Roadshow Pictures">Village Roadshow Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage_Pictures" title="Voltage Pictures">Voltage Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production/<br />distribution<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2929_Entertainment" title="2929 Entertainment">2929 Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Pictures" title="Magnolia Pictures">Magnolia Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truly_Indie" title="Truly Indie">Truly Indie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_International" title="Allied Artists International">Allied Artists Film Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zoetrope" title="American Zoetrope">American Zoetrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Studios" title="Angel Studios">Angel Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Pictures" title="Annapurna Pictures">Annapurna Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_Content" title="Anonymous Content">Anonymous Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asylum" title="The Asylum">The Asylum</a></li> <li>Arc Entertainment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Rising_Foundation" title="Artemis Rising Foundation">Artemis Rising Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BayView_Entertainment" title="BayView Entertainment">BayView Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Pictures" title="Beacon Pictures">Beacon Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlanti_Productions" title="Berlanti Productions">Berlanti Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street_(company)" title="Bleecker Street (company)">Bleecker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Fox_Entertainment" title="Blue Fox Entertainment">Blue Fox Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumhouse_Productions" title="Blumhouse Productions">Blumhouse Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bold_Films" title="Bold Films">Bold Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorm_Media" title="Brainstorm Media">Brainstorm Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff_Entertainment" title="Briarcliff Entertainment">Briarcliff Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillstein_Entertainment_Partners" title="Brillstein Entertainment Partners">Brillstein Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Video" title="Broadway Video">Broadway Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookstreet_Pictures" title="Brookstreet Pictures">Brookstreet Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_%26_Egg_Pictures" title="Chicken & Egg Pictures">Chicken & Egg Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinelou_Films" title="Cinelou Films">Cinelou Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineTel_Films" title="CineTel Films">CineTel Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Films" title="Darius Films">Darius Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Entertainment" title="Dolphin Entertainment">Dolphin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drafthouse_Films" title="Drafthouse Films">Drafthouse Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decal_(company)" title="Decal (company)">Decal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_Pictures" title="Elevation Pictures">Elevation Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett/Furla_Oasis" title="Emmett/Furla Oasis">Emmett/Furla Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Media_Group" title="Allen Media Group">Entertainment Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Releasing" title="Freestyle Releasing">Freestyle Releasing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Film_Arcade" title="The Film Arcade">Film Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_Films" title="Fork Films">Fork Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FotoKem" title="FotoKem">FotoKem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Entertainment" title="Fox Entertainment">Fox Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MarVista_Entertainment" title="MarVista Entertainment">MarVista Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Pictures" title="Giant Pictures">Giant Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_%26_Sky" title="Gunpowder & Sky">Gunpowder & Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFC_Films" title="IFC Films">IFC Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indican_Pictures" title="Indican Pictures">Indican Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_Partners" title="Impact Partners">Impact Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jim_Henson_Company" title="The Jim Henson Company">Jim Henson Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Entertainment" title="Lakeshore Entertainment">Lakeshore Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LD_Entertainment" title="LD Entertainment">LD Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levelfilm" title="Levelfilm">levelFILM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likely_Story" title="Likely Story">Likely Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louverture_Films" title="Louverture Films">Louverture Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandalay_Pictures" title="Mandalay Pictures">Mandalay Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeville_Films" title="Mandeville Films">Mandeville Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_Effort" title="Maximum Effort">Maximum Effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Media" title="Millennium Media">Millennium Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Creek_Entertainment" title="Morgan Creek Entertainment">Morgan Creek Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Corporation_of_America" title="Motion Picture Corporation of America">Motion Picture Corporation of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_Pictures" title="Myriad Pictures">Myriad Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_(company)" title="Neon (company)">Neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Films" title="Open Road Films">Open Road Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope_(company)" title="Oscilloscope (company)">Oscilloscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturehouse_(company)" title="Picturehouse (company)">Picturehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver_Distribution" title="Quiver Distribution">Quiver Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadicalMedia" title="RadicalMedia">RadicalMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Media" title="Relativity Media">Relativity Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Pictures" title="Rogue Pictures">Rogue Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Studios" title="Revolution Studios">Revolution Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saban_Capital_Group" title="Saban Capital Group">Saban Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Films" title="Samuel Goldwyn Films">Samuel Goldwyn Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Media" title="Screen Media">Screen Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel_Entertainment" title="Sidney Kimmel Entertainment">Sidney Kimmel Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Pictures" title="Silver Pictures">Silver Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Castle_Entertainment" title="Dark Castle Entertainment">Dark Castle Entertainment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shout!_Studios" title="Shout! Studios">Shout! Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solstice_Studios" title="Solstice Studios">Solstice Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Releasing" title="Strand Releasing">Strand Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_Pictures" title="Sycamore Pictures">Sycamore Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLA_Releasing" title="TLA Releasing">TLA Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_Studios" title="Topic Studios">Topic Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(distributor)" title="Utopia (distributor)">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_(film_company)" title="Vertical (film company)">Vertical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Produced" title="Virgin Produced">Virgin Produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Media" title="Walden Media">Walden Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Video" title="Wolfe Video">Wolfe Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_Studios" title="WWE Studios">WWE Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XTR_(company)" title="XTR (company)">XTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XYZ_Films" title="XYZ Films">XYZ Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_Laps_Entertainment" title="21 Laps Entertainment">21 Laps Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_Acres_and_a_Mule_Filmworks" title="40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks">40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87North_Productions" title="87North Productions">87North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="1492 Pictures">1492 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Good_Production" title="A Very Good Production">A Very Good Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abso_Lutely_Productions" title="Abso Lutely Productions">Abso Lutely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Dark_Films" title="After Dark Films">After Dark Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGBO" title="AGBO">AGBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon_Entertainment" title="Alcon Entertainment">Alcon Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatow_Productions" title="Apatow Productions">Apatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way_Productions" title="Appian Way Productions">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Monster" title="Atomic Monster">Atomic Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Hat_Harry" title="Bad Hat Harry">Bad Hat Harry Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Robot" title="Bad Robot">Bad Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazelevs_Company" title="Bazelevs Company">Bazelevs Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Falls_Productions" title="Bedford Falls Productions">Bedford Falls Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Beach_(company)" title="Big Beach (company)">Big Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinding_Edge_Pictures" title="Blinding Edge Pictures">Blinding Edge Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandywine_Productions" title="Brandywine Productions">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownstone_Productions" title="Brownstone Productions">Brownstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bubble_Factory" title="The Bubble Factory">Bubble Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centropolis_Entertainment" title="Centropolis Entertainment">Centropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha_Cha_Cha_Films" title="Cha Cha Cha Films">Cha Cha Cha Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernin_Entertainment" title="Chernin Entertainment">Chernin Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Enterprises" title="Cheyenne Enterprises">Cheyenne Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Force" title="Color Force">Color Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Creek_Pictures" title="Cross Creek Pictures">Cross Creek Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Sky_Pictures" title="Crystal Sky Pictures">Crystal Sky Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cube_Vision" title="Cube Vision">Cube Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Entertainment" title="Darko Entertainment">Darko Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Entertainment" title="Davis Entertainment">Davis Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Bonaventura_Pictures" title="Di Bonaventura Pictures">Di Bonaventura Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_District_(production_company)" title="The District (production company)">District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Donners%27_Company" title="The Donners' Company">Donners' Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_R_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Double R Productions">Double R Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_Films" title="Echo Films">Echo Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Entertainment" title="Electric Entertainment">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_Entertainment" title="Evolution Entertainment">Evolution Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pictures" title="Twisted Pictures">Twisted Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excellent_Cadaver" title="Excellent Cadaver">Excellent Cadaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_Films" title="Flower Films">Flower Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckle_Films" title="Freckle Films">Freckle Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Tree_(company)" title="Fruit Tree (company)">Fruit Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_Door_Productions" title="Fuzzy Door Productions">Fuzzy Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Sanchez_Productions" title="Gary Sanchez Productions">Gary Sanchez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Sanchez_Productions" title="Gloria Sanchez Productions">Gloria Sanchez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_Films" title="Genre Films">Genre Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_House_Pictures" title="Ghost House Pictures">Ghost House Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GK_Films" title="GK Films">GK Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracie_Films" title="Gracie Films">Gracie Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Madison_Productions" title="Happy Madison Productions">Happy Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxan_Films" title="Haxan Films">Haxan Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_Sunshine_(company)" title="Hello Sunshine (company)">Hello Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoorae_Media" title="Hoorae Media">Hoorae Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_Productions" title="Icon Productions">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Films" title="Identity Films">Identity Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageMovers" title="ImageMovers">ImageMovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_Entertainment" title="Imagine Entertainment">Imagine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jax_Media" title="Jax Media">Jax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Paintbrush_(company)" title="Indian Paintbrush (company)">Indian Paintbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinitum_Nihil" title="Infinitum Nihil">Infinitum Nihil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Pictures" title="Intrepid Pictures">Intrepid Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bruckheimer_Films" title="Jerry Bruckheimer Films">Jerry Bruckheimer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgmental_Films" title="Judgmental Films">Judgemental Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KatzSmith_Productions" title="KatzSmith Productions">KatzSmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy/Marshall_Company" title="The Kennedy/Marshall Company">Kennedy/Marshall Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchup_Entertainment" title="Ketchup Entertainment">Ketchup Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_Films" title="Killer Films">Killer Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Story_Company" title="Kingdom Story Company">Kingdom Story Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightstorm_Entertainment" title="Lightstorm Entertainment">Lightstorm Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuckyChap_Entertainment" title="LuckyChap Entertainment">LuckyChap Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpaso_Productions" title="Malpaso Productions">Malpaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Studios" title="Marv Studios">Marv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeypaw_Productions" title="Monkeypaw Productions">Monkeypaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Montecito_Picture_Company" title="The Montecito Picture Company">Montecito Picture Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Mudd" title="Mr. Mudd">Mr. Mudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Films" title="Music Box Films">Music Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutant_Enemy" title="Mutant Enemy">Mutant Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MWM_(entertainment_company)" title="MWM (entertainment company)">MWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_Productions" title="Nine Stories Productions">Nine Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Race_Films" title="One Race Films">One Race Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Film" title="Original Film">Original Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Stories_Films" title="Our Stories Films">Our Stories Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbanks_Entertainment" title="Outerbanks Entertainment">Outerbanks Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overbrook_Entertainment" title="Overbrook Entertainment">Overbrook Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_Kite_Productions" title="Paper Kite Productions">Paper Kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkwood_Entertainment" title="Parkwood Entertainment">Parkwood Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Pictures" title="Phoenix Pictures">Phoenix Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_Company" title="The Picture Company">Picture Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_B_Entertainment" title="Plan B Entertainment">Plan B Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Dunes" title="Platinum Dunes">Platinum Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playtone" title="Playtone">Playtone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Grey_Pictures" title="Point Grey Pictures">Point Grey Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protozoa_Pictures" title="Protozoa Pictures">Protozoa Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hour_Productions" title="Red Hour Productions">Red Hour Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rideback_(production_company)" title="Rideback (production company)">Rideback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth/Kirschenbaum_Films" title="Roth/Kirschenbaum Films">Roth/Kirschenbaum Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Free_Productions" title="Scott Free Productions">Scott Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Bucks_Productions" title="Seven Bucks Productions">Seven Bucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_Entertainment" title="Shangri-La Entertainment">Shangri-La Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shondaland" title="Shondaland">Shondaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokehouse_Pictures" title="Smokehouse Pictures">Smokehouse Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Quarry" title="The Stone Quarry">Stone Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_8_(company)" title="Studio 8 (company)">Studio 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Syndicate" title="Story Syndicate">Story Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_Productions" title="Sunday Night Productions">Sunday Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncopy_Inc." title="Syncopy Inc.">Syncopy Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Entertainment" title="Tango Entertainment">Tango Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Downey" title="Team Downey">Team Downey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Hill_Entertainment" title="Temple Hill Entertainment">Temple Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hideaway_Entertainment" title="The Hideaway Entertainment">The Hideaway Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_Films" title="Thunder Road Films">Thunder Road Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton_Productions" title="Tim Burton Productions">Tim Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry_Studios" title="Tyler Perry Studios">Tyler Perry Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Entertainment" title="Valhalla Entertainment">Valhalla Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Entertainment" title="Vertigo Entertainment">Vertigo Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_Askew_Productions" title="View Askew Productions">View Askew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SModcast_Pictures" title="SModcast Pictures">SModcast Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_Films" title="Vinyl Films">Vinyl Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30West" title="30West">30West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_Sound_and_Vision" title="Wonderland Sound and Vision">Wonderland Sound and Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrekin_Hill_Entertainment" title="Wrekin Hill Entertainment">Wrekin Hill Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Disney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_Pictures" title="Caravan Pictures">Caravan Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinergi_Pictures" title="Cinergi Pictures">Cinergi Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_2000_Pictures" title="Fox 2000 Pictures">Fox 2000 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Atomic" title="Fox Atomic">Fox Atomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Faith" title="Fox Faith">Fox Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film" title="Fox Film">Fox Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Pictures" title="Hollywood Pictures">Hollywood Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Pictures" title="New World Pictures">New World Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selznick_International_Pictures" title="Selznick International Pictures">Selznick International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures" title="Touchstone Pictures">Touchstone Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Pictures" title="Twentieth Century Pictures">Twentieth Century Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_Motion_Pictures" title="UTV Motion Pictures">UTV Motion Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Lionsgate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_Entertainment" title="Anchor Bay Entertainment">Anchor Bay Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artisan_Entertainment" title="Artisan Entertainment">Artisan Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christal_Films" title="Christal Films">Christal Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_Pictures" title="Mandate Pictures">Mandate Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Pictures" title="Maple Pictures">Maple Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Pictures" title="Momentum Pictures">Momentum Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overture_Films" title="Overture Films">Overture Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimark_Pictures" title="Trimark Pictures">Trimark Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestron_Pictures" title="Vestron Pictures">Vestron Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">MGM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Film_Corporation" title="21st Century Film Corporation">21st Century Film Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Entertainment_Group" title="Atlantic Entertainment Group">Atlantic Entertainment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cannon_Group,_Inc." title="The Cannon Group, Inc.">Cannon Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinecom" title="Cinecom">Cinecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Pictures_(1970s_company)" title="Dimension Pictures (1970s company)">Dimension Pictures (1970s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Entertainment_(film_company)#Epic_Productions" title="Trans World Entertainment (film company)">Epic Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmways" title="Filmways">Filmways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company#G2_Pictures" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">G2 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwyn_Pictures" title="Goldwyn Pictures">Goldwyn Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemdale_Film_Corporation" title="Hemdale Film Corporation">Hemdale Film Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Island_Pictures_films" title="List of Island Pictures films">Island Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer_Pictures" title="Louis B. Mayer Pictures">Louis B. Mayer Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Pictures" title="Metro Pictures">Metro Pictures Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mirisch_Company" title="The Mirisch Company">Mirisch Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">Samuel Goldwyn Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Productions" title="Samuel Goldwyn Productions">Samuel Goldwyn Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Entertainment_(film_company)" title="Trans World Entertainment (film company)">Trans World Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Universal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmDistrict" title="FilmDistrict">FilmDistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Machine" title="Good Machine">Good Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Pictures" title="Gramercy Pictures">Gramercy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Moving_Pictures" title="Independent Moving Pictures">Independent Moving Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interscope_Communications" title="Interscope Communications">Interscope Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Films" title="Propaganda Films">Propaganda Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Pictures" title="Savoy Pictures">Savoy Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Paramount</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Theatrical_Films" title="CBS Theatrical Films">CBS Theatrical Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Center_Films" title="Cinema Center Films">Cinema Center Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Films" title="Comedy Central Films">Comedy Central Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_United_Entertainment" title="Commonwealth United Entertainment">Commonwealth United Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Players_Film_Company" title="Famous Players Film Company">Famous Players Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Fish_Pictures" title="Go Fish Pictures">Go Fish Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascot_Pictures" title="Mascot Pictures">Mascot Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Famous_Productions" title="Paramount Famous Productions">Paramount Famous Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Vantage" title="Paramount Vantage">Paramount Vantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rysher_Entertainment" title="Rysher Entertainment">Rysher Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunn_Classic_Pictures" title="Sunn Classic Pictures">Sunn Classic Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pictures" title="United States Pictures">United States Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Sony</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Film_Sales_Corporation" title="CBC Film Sales Corporation">Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Pictures" title="Embassy Pictures">Embassy Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_International_Pictures" title="Empire International Pictures">Empire International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Independent_Films" title="First Independent Films">First Independent Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Films" title="Triumph Films">Triumph Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Warner Bros.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Line_Features" title="Fine Line Features">Fine Line Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Pictures" title="First National Pictures">First National Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorimar_Television" title="Lorimar Television">Lorimar Film Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_General_Pictures" title="National General Pictures">National General Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Entertainment" title="Nelson Entertainment">Nelson Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Arts_Productions" title="Seven Arts Productions">Seven Arts Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros.-Seven_Arts" title="Warner Bros.-Seven Arts">Warner Bros.-Seven Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Independent_Pictures" title="Warner Independent Pictures">Warner Independent Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_(company)" title="Alchemy (company)">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Film_Manufacturing_Company" title="American Film Manufacturing Company">American Film Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Star_Scene_Studios" title="Art Star Scene Studios">Art Star Scene Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Pictures" title="Astor Pictures">Astor Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviron_Pictures" title="Aviron Pictures">Aviron Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Productions,_Hollywood" title="Aurora Productions, Hollywood">Aurora Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biograph_Company" title="Biograph Company">Biograph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_Film_Company" title="Bison Film Company">Bison Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Photoplays" title="Bluebird Photoplays">Bluebird Photoplays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxoffice_International_Pictures" title="Boxoffice International Pictures">Boxoffice International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryanston_Distributing_Company" title="Bryanston Distributing Company">Bryanston Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C2_Pictures" title="C2 Pictures">C2 Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Company" title="Calvin Company">Calvin Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolco_Pictures" title="Carolco Pictures">Carolco Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_Productions" title="Castle Hill Productions">Castle Hill Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_Film_Company" title="Centaur Film Company">Centaur Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Film_Company" title="Champion Film Company">Champion Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Film_Company" title="Christie Film Company">Christie Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemation_Industries" title="Cinemation Industries">Cinemation Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinerama_Releasing_Corporation" title="Cinerama Releasing Corporation">Cinerama Releasing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_International_Pictures" title="Compass International Pictures">Compass International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_International_Pictures" title="Crown International Pictures">Crown International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Laurentiis_Entertainment_Group" title="De Laurentiis Entertainment Group">De Laurentiis Entertainment Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEJ_Productions" title="DEJ Productions">DEJ Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributors_Corporation_of_America" title="Distributors Corporation of America">Distributors Corporation of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaco_Films" title="Eaco Films">Eaco Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle-Lion_Films" title="Eagle-Lion Films">Eagle-Lion Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Studios" title="Edison Studios">Edison Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Pictures" title="Educational Pictures">Educational Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essanay_Studios" title="Essanay Studios">Essanay Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Feature_Films" title="Dramatic Feature Films">Dramatic Feature Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_Entertainment" title="Fireworks Entertainment">Fireworks Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Look_Studios" title="First Look Studios">First Look Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franchise_Pictures" title="Franchise Pictures">Franchise Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geffen_Film_Company" title="The Geffen Film Company">Geffen Film Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Road_Films" title="Open Road Films">Global Road Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Films_Inc." title="Grand National Films Inc.">Grand National Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach_Studios" title="Hal Roach Studios">Hal Roach Studios</a></li> <li>Hasbro <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspark" title="Allspark">Allspark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Farley_Pictures" title="Jensen Farley Pictures">Jensen Farley Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ladd_Company" title="The Ladd Company">Ladd Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_Entertainment" title="Largo Entertainment">Largo Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippert_Pictures" title="Lippert Pictures">Lippert Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin_Manufacturing_Company" title="Lubin Manufacturing Company">Lubin Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Madison_Productions" title="Happy Madison Productions">Madison 23 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manson_International" title="Manson International">Manson International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Films" title="Newmarket Films">Newmarket Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OddLot_Entertainment" title="OddLot Entertainment">OddLot Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_International_Enterprises" title="Pacific International Enterprises">Pacific International Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participant_(company)" title="Participant (company)">Participant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PM_Entertainment" title="PM Entertainment">PM Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Producers_Releasing_Corporation" title="Producers Releasing Corporation">Producers Releasing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatPac_Entertainment" title="RatPac Entertainment">RatPac Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Granite_Pictures" title="Red Granite Pictures">Red Granite Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Releasing" title="Regent Releasing">Regent Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider%27s_Bakery" title="Schneider's Bakery">Schneider's Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotti_Brothers_Records" title="Scotti Brothers Records">Scotti Bros. Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_Eight_Productions" title="Section Eight Productions">Section Eight Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_Productions" title="Seed Productions">Seed Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_Entertainment" title="Strike Entertainment">Strike Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkFilm" title="ThinkFilm">ThinkFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_That_Productions" title="This Is That Productions">This Is That Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Studios" title="Virtual Studios">Virtual Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">Weinstein Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_Films" title="Dimension Films">Dimension Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weintraub_Entertainment_Group" title="Weintraub Entertainment Group">Weintraub Entertainment Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Animation_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Animation industry in the United States">List of American animation studios</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amazon_MGM_Studios" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Template:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Template talk:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon MGM Studios"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amazon_MGM_Studios" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Predecessors</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metro_Pictures" title="Metro Pictures">Metro Pictures</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goldwyn_Pictures" title="Goldwyn Pictures">Goldwyn Pictures</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer_Pictures" title="Louis B. Mayer Pictures">Louis B. Mayer Productions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dt>Founders</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Loew" title="Marcus Loew">Marcus Loew</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></dd> <dt>Chairwoman and CEO</dt> <dd>Jennifer Salke</dd> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motion Picture Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Classics" title="Orion Classics">Orion Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV & Digital Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Television" title="MGM Television">MGM Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightworkers_Media" title="Lightworkers Media">Lightworkers Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="MGM_channels" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MGM channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">Joint ventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rede_Telecine" title="Rede Telecine">Telecine</a> (13%)</li></ul></li> <li>Operator <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Home_Entertainment" title="MGM Home Entertainment">MGM Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Music">MGM Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Lion_(MGM)" title="Leo the Lion (MGM)">Leo the Lion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/defunct units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Goldwyn_Company" title="The Samuel Goldwyn Company">G2 Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM HD">MGM HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM Interactive">MGM Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Networks" title="MGM Networks">MGM Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Releasing" title="United Artists Releasing">United Artists Releasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM/UA_Premiere_Network" title="MGM/UA Premiere Network">MGM/UA Premiere Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Animation/Visual_Arts" title="MGM Animation/Visual Arts">MGM Animation/Visual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(TV_network)" title="The Works (TV network)">The Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_Animation" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation">MGM Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">MGM Camera 65</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charlie_Chaplin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charlie_Chaplin" title="Template:Charlie Chaplin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charlie_Chaplin" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Charlie Chaplin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charlie_Chaplin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charlie Chaplin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charlie_Chaplin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin_filmography" title="Charlie Chaplin filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tramp" title="The Tramp">The Tramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_family" title="Chaplin family">Chaplin family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Chaplin_book)" title="My Autobiography (Chaplin book)">My Autobiography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin:_His_Life_and_Art" title="Chaplin: His Life and Art">Chaplin: His Life and Art</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin:_Intimate_Close-Ups" title="Charlie Chaplin: Intimate Close-Ups">Charlie Chaplin: Intimate Close-Ups</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin:_A_Life" title="Chaplin: A Life">Chaplin: A Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_(novel)" title="Sunnyside (novel)">Sunnyside</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Smile_(Charlie_Chaplin_song)" title="Smile (Charlie Chaplin song)">Smile</a>" (1936 music, 1954 lyrics)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Eternally_(Charlie_Chaplin_song)" title="Eternally (Charlie Chaplin song)">Eternally (Terry's Theme)</a>" (1952 music, 1953 lyrics)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_My_Song_(1967_song)" title="This Is My Song (1967 song)">This Is My Song</a>" (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3623_Chaplin" class="mw-redirect" title="3623 Chaplin">3623 Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson_Company_Lot" title="Jim Henson Company Lot">Charlie Chaplin Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoir_de_Ban" title="Manoir de Ban">Manoir de Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montecito_Inn" title="Montecito Inn">Montecito Inn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_%26_Co" title="Chaplin & Co">Chaplin & Co</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin_comics" title="Charlie Chaplin comics">Charlie Chaplin comics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin%27s_Comic_Capers" title="Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers">Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charlie_Chaplin,_London" title="Statue of Charlie Chaplin, London">London statue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films about Chaplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplinesque,_My_Life_and_Hard_Times" title="Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times">Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Chaplin" title="Unknown Chaplin">Unknown Chaplin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_(film)" title="Chaplin (film)">Chaplin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie:_The_Life_and_Art_of_Charles_Chaplin" title="Charlie: The Life and Art of Charles Chaplin">Charlie: The Life and Art of Charles Chaplin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals about Chaplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Tramp" title="Little Tramp">Little Tramp</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_(1993_musical)" title="Chaplin (1993 musical)">Chaplin</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaplin_(2006_musical)" title="Chaplin (2006 musical)">Chaplin</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed by Chaplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keystone Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Minutes_of_Love" title="Twenty Minutes of Love">Twenty Minutes of Love</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caught_in_the_Rain" title="Caught in the Rain">Caught in the Rain</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Busy_Day" title="A Busy Day">A Busy Day</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Her_Friend_the_Bandit" title="Her Friend the Bandit">Her Friend the Bandit</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mabel%27s_Married_Life" title="Mabel's Married Life">Mabel's Married Life</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laughing_Gas_(1914_film)" title="Laughing Gas (1914 film)">Laughing Gas</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Property_Man" title="The Property Man">The Property Man</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Face_on_the_Bar_Room_Floor_(1914_film)" title="The Face on the Bar Room Floor (1914 film)">The Face on the Bar Room Floor</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recreation_(film)" title="Recreation (film)">Recreation</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Masquerader_(1914_film)" title="The Masquerader (1914 film)">The Masquerader</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_New_Profession" title="His New Profession">His New Profession</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rounders_(1914_film)" title="The Rounders (1914 film)">The Rounders</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Janitor" title="The New Janitor">The New Janitor</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Those_Love_Pangs" title="Those Love Pangs">Those Love Pangs</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dough_and_Dynamite" title="Dough and Dynamite">Dough and Dynamite</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen_of_Nerve" title="Gentlemen of Nerve">Gentlemen of Nerve</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Musical_Career" title="His Musical Career">His Musical Career</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Trysting_Place" title="His Trysting Place">His Trysting Place</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Getting_Acquainted" title="Getting Acquainted">Getting Acquainted</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Prehistoric_Past" title="His Prehistoric Past">His Prehistoric Past</a></i> (1914)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essanay Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/His_New_Job" title="His New Job">His New Job</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_Out_(1915_film)" title="A Night Out (1915 film)">A Night Out</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Champion_(1915_film)" title="The Champion (1915 film)">The Champion</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Park" title="In the Park">In the Park</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Jitney_Elopement" title="A Jitney Elopement">A Jitney Elopement</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tramp_(film)" title="The Tramp (film)">The Tramp</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_Sea_(1915_film)" title="By the Sea (1915 film)">By the Sea</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Work_(film)" title="Work (film)">Work</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_(1915_film)" title="A Woman (1915 film)">A Woman</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bank_(1915_film)" title="The Bank (1915 film)">The Bank</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghaied_(1915_film)" title="Shanghaied (1915 film)">Shanghaied</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_the_Show" title="A Night in the Show">A Night in the Show</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Burlesque_on_Carmen" title="A Burlesque on Carmen">A Burlesque on Carmen</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Police_(1916_film)" title="Police (1916 film)">Police</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triple_Trouble_(1918_film)" title="Triple Trouble (1918 film)">Triple Trouble</a></i> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mutual Film Corp</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Floorwalker" title="The Floorwalker">The Floorwalker</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fireman_(1916_film)" title="The Fireman (1916 film)">The Fireman</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vagabond_(1916_film)" title="The Vagabond (1916 film)">The Vagabond</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_A.M._(1916_film)" title="One A.M. (1916 film)">One A.M.</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Count_(film)" title="The Count (film)">The Count</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pawnshop" title="The Pawnshop">The Pawnshop</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Screen" title="Behind the Screen">Behind the Screen</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rink_(film)" title="The Rink (film)">The Rink</a></i> (1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easy_Street_(1917_film)" title="Easy Street (1917 film)">Easy Street</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cure_(1917_film)" title="The Cure (1917 film)">The Cure</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Immigrant_(1917_film)" title="The Immigrant (1917 film)">The Immigrant</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventurer_(1917_film)" title="The Adventurer (1917 film)">The Adventurer</a></i> (1917)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dog%27s_Life_(1918_film)" title="A Dog's Life (1918 film)">A Dog's Life</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bond" title="The Bond">The Bond</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_Arms" title="Shoulder Arms">Shoulder Arms</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_(1919_film)" title="Sunnyside (1919 film)">Sunnyside</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Day%27s_Pleasure" title="A Day's Pleasure">A Day's Pleasure</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kid_(1921_film)" title="The Kid (1921 film)">The Kid</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Idle_Class" title="The Idle Class">The Idle Class</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pay_Day_(1922_film)" title="Pay Day (1922 film)">Pay Day</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim_(1923_film)" title="The Pilgrim (1923 film)">The Pilgrim</a></i> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_of_Paris" title="A Woman of Paris">A Woman of Paris</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_Rush" title="The Gold Rush">The Gold Rush</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Circus_(1928_film)" title="The Circus (1928 film)">The Circus</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Lights" title="City Lights">City Lights</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Times_(film)" title="Modern Times (film)">Modern Times</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Dictator" title="The Great Dictator">The Great Dictator</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Verdoux" title="Monsieur Verdoux">Monsieur Verdoux</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limelight_(1952_film)" title="Limelight (1952 film)">Limelight</a></i> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Later productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_King_in_New_York" title="A King in New York">A King in New York</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Countess_from_Hong_Kong" title="A Countess from Hong Kong">A Countess from Hong Kong</a></i> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chaplin_Revue" title="The Chaplin Revue">The Chaplin Revue</a></i> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Beatles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Beatles" title="Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Beatles" title="Template talk:The Beatles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Beatles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Beatles" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Beatles" title="Outline of the Beatles">Outline of the Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">The Beatles timeline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe">Stuart Sutcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Newby" title="Chas Newby">Chas Newby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Chapman" title="Norman Chapman">Norman Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Moore_(musician)" title="Tommy Moore (musician)">Tommy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">In Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_the_Cavern_Club" title="The Beatles at the Cavern Club">At the Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_Decca_audition" title="The Beatles' Decca audition">Decca audition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_North_American_releases" title="The Beatles' North American releases">North American releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">More popular than Jesus</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Bangor" title="The Beatles in Bangor">In Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_India" title="The Beatles in India">In India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles" title="Break-up of the Beatles">Break-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Murder of John Lennon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">Anthology</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_bands_featuring_members_of_the_Beatles" title="List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles">Line-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_the_Beatles" title="Religious views of the Beatles">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_the_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_bootleg_recordings" title="The Beatles bootleg recordings">Bootlegs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_albums_discography" title="The Beatles albums discography">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_singles_discography" title="The Beatles singles discography">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_film" title="The Beatles in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_instruments" title="List of the Beatles' instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_live_performances" title="List of the Beatles' live performances">Live performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_performed_on_Beatles_recordings" title="List of people who performed on Beatles recordings">Performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborations_between_ex-Beatles" title="Collaborations between ex-Beatles">Post-breakup collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs recorded by the Beatles">Songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Beatles_songs" title="List of cover versions of Beatles songs">Cover versions of Beatles songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_covered_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs covered by the Beatles">Songs covered by the Beatles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_recording_sessions" title="The Beatles' recording sessions">Recording sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributes_to_the_Beatles" title="Tributes to the Beatles">Tributes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tours and<br /> performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beat_Ballad_Show_Tour" title="The Beat Ballad Show Tour">1960 Johnny Gentle Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Winter_1963_Helen_Shapiro_Tour" title="The Beatles Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour">Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison/The_Beatles_Tour" title="Roy Orbison/The Beatles Tour">1963 Roy Orbison Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_on_The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show"><i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_world_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 world tour">1964 world tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_tour_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia">The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_North_American_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 North American tour">1964 North American tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_European_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 European tour">1965 European tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 US tour">1965 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_UK_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 UK tour">1965 UK tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_tour_of_Germany,_Japan_and_the_Philippines" title="The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines">1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1966 US tour">1966 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_World_(1967_TV_program)" title="Our World (1967 TV program)"><i>Our World</i> performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_rooftop_concert" title="The Beatles' rooftop concert">Rooftop concert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Aspinall" title="Neil Aspinall">Neil Aspinall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Barrow" title="Tony Barrow">Tony Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brown_(music_manager)" title="Peter Brown (music manager)">Peter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Evans" title="Mal Evans">Mal Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_James" title="Dick James">Dick James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freda_Kelly" title="Freda Kelly">Freda Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Klein" title="Allen Klein">Allen Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lockwood" title="Joseph Lockwood">Joseph Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Taylor" title="Alistair Taylor">Alistair Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Taylor" title="Derek Taylor">Derek Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Emerick" title="Geoff Emerick">Geoff Emerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lush" title="Richard Lush">Richard Lush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_McDonald" title="Phil McDonald">Phil McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Scott" title="Ken Scott">Ken Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sheridan" title="Tony Sheridan">Tony Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Smith_(record_producer)" title="Norman Smith (record producer)">Norman Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisongs" title="Harrisongs">Harrisongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Songs" title="Northern Songs">Northern Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltaeb" title="Seltaeb">Seltaeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startling_Music" title="Startling Music">Startling Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Records" title="Swan Records">Swan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollie_Records" title="Tollie Records">Tollie Records</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vee-Jay_Records" title="Vee-Jay Records">Vee-Jay Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">10 Admiral Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Arnold_Grove" title="12 Arnold Grove">12 Arnold Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Forthlin_Road" title="20 Forthlin Road">20 Forthlin Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/251_Menlove_Avenue" title="251 Menlove Avenue">251 Menlove Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Montagu_Square,_Marylebone" title="34 Montagu Square, Marylebone">34 Montagu Square, Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road,_London" title="Abbey Road, London">Abbey Road, London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Lib_Club" title="Ad Lib Club">Ad Lib Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bag_O%27Nails" title="The Bag O'Nails">The Bag O'Nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles_Ashram" title="Beatles Ashram">Beatles Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles-Platz" title="Beatles-Platz">Beatles-Platz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Angel_(nightclub)" title="Blue Angel (nightclub)">Blue Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casbah_Coffee_Club" title="Casbah Coffee Club">Casbah Coffee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">The Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_Mecca" title="Cavern Mecca">Cavern Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jacaranda" title="The Jacaranda">The Jacaranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserkeller" title="Kaiserkeller">Kaiserkeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfauns" title="Kinfauns">Kinfauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lane,_Liverpool" title="Penny Lane, Liverpool">Penny Lane, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">3 Savile Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scotch_of_St._James" title="The Scotch of St. James">The Scotch of St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Woolton,_Liverpool" title="St Peter's Church, Woolton, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street,_Liverpool" title="Stanley Street, Liverpool">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Club" title="Star-Club">Star-Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Field" title="Strawberry Field">Strawberry Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittenhurst_Park" title="Tittenhurst Park">Tittenhurst Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Ten_Club" title="Top Ten Club">Top Ten Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Street" title="Wigmore Street">Wigmore Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology_(book)" title="The Beatles Anthology (book)">The Beatles Anthology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_The_Authorised_Biography" title="The Beatles: The Authorised Biography">The Beatles: The Authorised Biography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_All_These_Years" title="The Beatles: All These Years">The Beatles: All These Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cellarful_of_Noise" title="A Cellarful of Noise">A Cellarful of Noise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Me,_Mine" title="I, Me, Mine">I, Me, Mine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lennon_Remembers" title="Lennon Remembers">Lennon Remembers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney:_Many_Years_from_Now" title="Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now">Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps_v_Apple_Computer" title="Apple Corps v Apple Computer">Apple Corps v Apple Computer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_scruffs" title="Apple scruffs">Apple scruffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_Abbey_Road" title="The Beatles at Abbey Road">The Beatles at Abbey Road</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">Cultural impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Fifth Beatle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Beatles_Day" title="Global Beatles Day">Global Beatles Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Images_of_a_Woman" title="Images of a Woman">Images of a Woman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul is dead</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pop_Go_the_Beatles" title="Pop Go the Beatles">Pop Go the Beatles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_practices_of_the_Beatles" title="Recording practices of the Beatles">Recording practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">automatic double tracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="The Beatles: Rock Band">The Beatles: Rock Band</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_in_The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="List of songs in The Beatles: Rock Band">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rutles" title="The Rutles">The Rutles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Beatles" title="Category:The Beatles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219400#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000411031224">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130284490">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10076560-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50057783">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13884426c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13884426c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35561408">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl025vj60p0221k">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007526381705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/100016">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/996405">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085801836">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/3c9005a9-31ef-4374-ab06-f350a39d959f">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zt3kdb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Artists&oldid=1259227132">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Artists&oldid=1259227132</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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