CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="it"><head><meta charSet="utf-8" data-next-head=""/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5" data-next-head=""/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow" data-next-head=""/><title data-next-head="">Sontag, Susan - Enciclopedia - Treccani</title><meta name="description" content="Nell'Enciclopedia Treccani troverai tutto quello che devi sapere su Sontag, Susan. Entra subito su Treccani.it, il portale del sapere." data-next-head=""/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag/" data-next-head=""/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Treccani" data-next-head=""/><meta property="og:title" content="Sontag, Susan - Enciclopedia - Treccani" data-next-head=""/><meta property="og:description" content="Nell'Enciclopedia Treccani troverai tutto quello che devi sapere su Sontag, Susan. Entra subito su Treccani.it, il portale del sapere." data-next-head=""/><meta property="og:image" content="https://images.treccani.it/enc/media/images/social=200x200.jpg" data-next-head=""/><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials" data-next-head=""/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/logo-96x96.png" data-next-head=""/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000" data-next-head=""/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar" content="#000" data-next-head=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/83c8660319876e1c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/83c8660319876e1c.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/5a1ef900e51adde4.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/5a1ef900e51adde4.css"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/8a4cb1640f67681c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/8a4cb1640f67681c.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/91ed17ff2d6d56d2.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/91ed17ff2d6d56d2.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/3f692185698fa574.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/3f692185698fa574.css"/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script src="//app.storyblok.com/f/storyblok-v2-latest.js" defer="" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/3372-099c8f8e5585e615.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/235-bd4adeb7dd8e0522.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/5451-3514921f1ed9b963.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/4820-30bb6117ba941b33.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/7397-995a28592faa0658.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/2221-502580e4f6cbf758.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/7604.78160727bdcbb7d2.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/1906.2a90585aaaa9bdb2.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/8862-4561112bc416a5be.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/368-a38f74ab70bbe2f9.js"></script><script defer="" src="/_next/static/chunks/5229.4c7b31ef4f68690f.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-9b8970197cafd9b4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-19baaf6675f9027b.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-a8c8295c8f6070c9.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-1250e0b952c8732d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6455-6be023ff0c570368.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8960-9fdb166b3e527154.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5480-04bdbf1a37cb90cf.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8009-d77b6cf19cc52459.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2598-aa27c494c9c8c389.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1954-6e76c5e7d617ae1a.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9419-956f3fa8a405611f.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5255-ab9769407a3760fe.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7820-69c10cf043618126.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1514-84df5d3984b099bf.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2726-5db16e615f99559c.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9191-d7a9d488c89fa397.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/490-3b91c607f7244709.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/6013-f6d8adc3d3270e8e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3543-4b0e251b2245fe73.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/8048-273da1f8fe469b77.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/5010-a5d2203b6f4c9387.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2942-8fe773ac772f9a07.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/7119-4a3063daf613006d.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/enciclopedia/%5BtermOrCategory%5D-ca317e02b85ea4ec.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/Lx3Ic2_OZGtF3mXOVLv7X/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/Lx3Ic2_OZGtF3mXOVLv7X/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><div id="__next"><style> #nprogress { pointer-events: none; } #nprogress .bar { background: #584446; position: fixed; z-index: 9999; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 3px; } #nprogress .peg { display: block; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 100px; height: 100%; box-shadow: 0 0 10px #584446, 0 0 5px #584446; opacity: 1; -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg) translate(0px, -4px); -ms-transform: rotate(3deg) translate(0px, -4px); transform: rotate(3deg) translate(0px, -4px); } #nprogress .spinner { display: block; position: fixed; z-index: 1031; top: 15px; right: 15px; } #nprogress .spinner-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; border: solid 2px transparent; border-top-color: #584446; border-left-color: #584446; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-animation: nprogresss-spinner 400ms linear infinite; animation: nprogress-spinner 400ms linear infinite; } .nprogress-custom-parent { overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .nprogress-custom-parent #nprogress .spinner, .nprogress-custom-parent #nprogress .bar { position: absolute; } @-webkit-keyframes nprogress-spinner { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes nprogress-spinner { 0% { transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1npbk5i:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1a0edoa">.css-1a0edoa{margin:0;font:inherit;color:#000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1a0edoa:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways skipLink css-1a0edoa" href="#mainContent" aria-label="Passa al contenuto principale"><style data-emotion="css 6lsapv">.css-6lsapv{margin:0;font-family:"Avenir",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-6lsapv">Salta al contenuto</p></a><style data-emotion="css opgqnl">.css-opgqnl{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;background-color:#ffffff;padding:1rem 0.75rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-opgqnl"><style data-emotion="css k008qs">.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-k008qs"><div class="MuiBox-root css-k008qs"><style data-emotion="css 1t1q4xb">.css-1t1q4xb{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:0rem;}.css-1t1q4xb:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1t1q4xb:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1t1q4xb.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1dulo8i">.css-1dulo8i{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:0rem;}.css-1dulo8i::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1dulo8i.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1dulo8i{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1dulo8i:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1dulo8i:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1dulo8i.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1dulo8i" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Close"><style data-emotion="css 3v3quw">.css-3v3quw{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;text-align:center;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.5rem;color:#000000;font-size:24px;}</style><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-e-remove css-3v3quw" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></div><style data-emotion="css 1i92udt">.css-1i92udt{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-left:1rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1i92udt"><style data-emotion="css 70qvj9">.css-70qvj9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-70qvj9"><svg width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" rx="8" fill="black"></rect><path d="M7.19995 17.173V15.2779C7.19995 15.2309 7.21675 15.1839 7.25371 15.157C10.3382 12.4354 14.5315 10.5571 18.036 10.5571C20.7945 10.5571 23.1196 11.7298 24.1344 14.5791H24.1814C25.1894 11.7298 27.5179 10.5571 30.2731 10.5571C33.7775 10.5571 37.9675 12.4354 41.0553 15.157C41.0923 15.1872 41.1091 15.2309 41.1091 15.2779V17.173C41.1091 17.2267 41.052 17.2536 41.0083 17.2267C38.2262 15.2746 34.3252 13.7021 31.2038 13.7021C28.284 13.7021 26.0428 15.0763 26.0428 18.7925V37.0944H22.2696V18.7925C22.2696 15.0763 20.0284 13.7021 17.1086 13.7021C13.9872 13.7021 10.0828 15.2746 7.30411 17.2267C7.26379 17.257 7.20331 17.2267 7.20331 17.173" fill="white"></path></svg></div><style data-emotion="css cz9jba">.css-cz9jba{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-cz9jba"><style data-emotion="css 1qf1txo">.css-1qf1txo{margin:0;font-weight:900;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;line-height:1.25rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1qf1txo{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyMBold css-1qf1txo">Scarica l'App Treccani:<br/> la cultura a portata di mano!</span></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 7i7bwd">.css-7i7bwd{margin-left:1rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-7i7bwd"><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1npbk5i:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1a0edoa">.css-1a0edoa{margin:0;font:inherit;color:#000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1a0edoa:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways css-1a0edoa" href="https://qr.codes/f9eOZ1"><style data-emotion="css 1gs29hi">.css-1gs29hi{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;text-transform:uppercase;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1gs29hi{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM DownloadAppHeader_scaricaButton__5ePRQ css-1gs29hi">Scarica</span></a></div></div><header data-nosnippet="true"><style data-emotion="css w885m2">.css-w885m2{background-color:transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;margin-right:0rem;z-index:100;top:unset;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-w885m2{padding-top:0.625rem;padding-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-w885m2{padding-top:1.25rem;padding-bottom:0rem;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-w885m2"><style data-emotion="css sknu2o">.css-sknu2o{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:0.125rem;padding-right:0.125rem;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:0.1875rem;padding-right:0.1875rem;}}@media (min-width:0px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:1.6875rem;padding-right:1.6875rem;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:4rem;padding-right:4rem;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root css-sknu2o"><style data-emotion="css 1c00rxr">.css-1c00rxr{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-1c00rxr{width:calc(100% + 0.5rem);margin-left:-0.5rem;}.css-1c00rxr>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-1c00rxr{width:calc(100% + 1rem);margin-left:-1rem;}.css-1c00rxr>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-1c00rxr{width:calc(100% + 1.5rem);margin-left:-1.5rem;}.css-1c00rxr>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1.5rem;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-1c00rxr"><style data-emotion="css 250y1q">.css-250y1q{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-250y1q{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-3 MuiGrid-grid-lg-3 css-250y1q"><style data-emotion="css 152skm1">.css-152skm1{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;}</style><div class="MuiStack-root css-152skm1"><style data-emotion="css 1wf493t">.css-1wf493t{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1wf493t:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1wf493t:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1wf493t.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1yxmbwk">.css-1yxmbwk{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1yxmbwk::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1yxmbwk.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1yxmbwk{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1yxmbwk:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1yxmbwk:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1yxmbwk.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1yxmbwk" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Menù" aria-expanded="false"><style data-emotion="css e3aya5">.css-e3aya5{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;text-align:center;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-size:32px;color:#ffffff;}</style><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-menu-8 css-e3aya5" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></div></div><style data-emotion="css sjbee7">.css-sjbee7{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-sjbee7{-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:50%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-6 MuiGrid-grid-lg-6 css-sjbee7"><style data-emotion="css 1u5dce0">@media (min-width:0px){.css-1u5dce0{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1u5dce0{padding-left:0.5rem;padding-right:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1u5dce0{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1u5dce0"><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1npbk5i:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1a0edoa">.css-1a0edoa{margin:0;font:inherit;color:#000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1a0edoa:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways css-1a0edoa" href="/" aria-label="Treccani"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="152" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 128 20"><g fill="#ffffff" clip-path="url(#clip0_442_12340)"><path d="M0 4.923v-1.41c0-.035.013-.07.04-.09C2.335 1.397 5.455 0 8.063 0c2.052 0 3.782.873 4.537 2.993h.035C13.385.873 15.117 0 17.168 0c2.607 0 5.724 1.397 8.022 3.422.027.023.04.055.04.09v1.41c0 .04-.043.06-.075.04-2.07-1.452-4.973-2.622-7.295-2.622-2.172 0-3.84 1.022-3.84 3.788v13.617h-2.807V6.128c0-2.766-1.668-3.788-3.84-3.788-2.323 0-5.228 1.17-7.296 2.623-.03.022-.074 0-.074-.04M31.777 10.197H28.41v-2.3h9.335v2.3h-3.367V19.7h-2.6v-9.502zM41.63 7.897h4.567c.6 0 1.17.058 1.71.175.54.118 1.01.313 1.418.583.405.272.727.64.967 1.1.238.46.358 1.037.358 1.725 0 .832-.218 1.543-.65 2.125-.432.585-1.068.952-1.9 1.11l3 4.985h-3.117l-2.468-4.717h-1.282V19.7h-2.6V7.897h-.003zm2.6 4.886h1.533c.232 0 .48-.008.742-.025.262-.018.497-.068.707-.15.21-.083.385-.216.525-.393.14-.178.21-.428.21-.75 0-.3-.062-.54-.182-.717a1.203 1.203 0 00-.468-.408 2.105 2.105 0 00-.65-.192 5.44 5.44 0 00-.717-.05h-1.7v2.684zM55.102 7.897h8.018v2.4h-5.417v2.2h5.117v2.4h-5.117V17.3h5.717v2.4h-8.318V7.897zM75.32 10.965c-.255-.31-.57-.55-.942-.717-.373-.168-.803-.25-1.293-.25-.49 0-.942.095-1.357.282-.418.19-.778.453-1.083.793-.305.34-.545.742-.717 1.207a4.347 4.347 0 00-.258 1.518c0 .545.085 1.065.258 1.525.172.462.407.86.707 1.2.3.34.653.602 1.058.792.405.19.842.283 1.307.283.533 0 1.005-.11 1.418-.333.41-.222.75-.532 1.017-.932l2.168 1.617a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.9 1.55c-.765.333-1.555.5-2.368.5a7.3 7.3 0 01-2.55-.432 5.853 5.853 0 01-2.017-1.243 5.628 5.628 0 01-1.325-1.957c-.318-.768-.475-1.623-.475-2.568 0-.945.157-1.8.475-2.567a5.605 5.605 0 011.325-1.958 5.891 5.891 0 012.017-1.242 7.3 7.3 0 012.55-.433c.333 0 .68.03 1.043.093.36.062.717.157 1.067.292a4.7 4.7 0 011.008.533c.322.222.61.495.867.817l-2 1.633v-.003zM88.838 10.965c-.255-.31-.57-.55-.943-.717-.372-.168-.802-.25-1.292-.25s-.943.095-1.358.282c-.417.19-.777.453-1.082.793-.305.34-.545.742-.718 1.207a4.347 4.347 0 00-.257 1.518c0 .545.085 1.065.257 1.525.173.462.408.86.708 1.2.3.34.652.602 1.057.792.405.19.843.283 1.308.283.532 0 1.005-.11 1.417-.333.41-.222.75-.532 1.018-.932l2.167 1.617c-.5.7-1.132 1.218-1.9 1.55-.765.333-1.555.5-2.367.5a7.3 7.3 0 01-2.55-.432 5.853 5.853 0 01-2.018-1.243 5.629 5.629 0 01-1.325-1.957c-.317-.768-.475-1.623-.475-2.568 0-.945.158-1.8.475-2.567a5.606 5.606 0 011.325-1.958 5.89 5.89 0 012.018-1.242 7.3 7.3 0 012.55-.433c.332 0 .68.03 1.042.093.36.062.718.157 1.068.292a4.7 4.7 0 011.007.533c.323.222.61.495.868.817l-2 1.633v-.003zM98.52 7.897h2.15l5.135 11.803h-2.935l-1.017-2.5h-4.585l-.983 2.5h-2.867l5.1-11.803h.002zm1 3.435L98.088 15h2.882l-1.45-3.668zM108.853 7.897h3.535l5.017 8.203h.033V7.897h2.6V19.7h-3.4l-5.15-8.402h-.033V19.7h-2.602V7.897zM127.132 7.897h-2.6V19.7h2.6V7.897z"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_442_12340"><path fill="#ffffff" d="M0 0H127.132V20H0z"></path></clipPath></defs></svg></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1evek1w">.css-1evek1w{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-1evek1w{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-3 MuiGrid-grid-lg-3 css-1evek1w"><style data-emotion="css 1ckcobp">.css-1ckcobp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1ckcobp{gap:0rem;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1ckcobp{gap:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:1300px){.css-1ckcobp{gap:1.5rem;}}</style><div class="MuiStack-root css-1ckcobp"></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css fp5fyp">.css-fp5fyp{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;position:relative;z-index:99999;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-fp5fyp{width:calc(100% + 0.5rem);margin-left:-0.5rem;}.css-fp5fyp>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-fp5fyp{width:calc(100% + 1rem);margin-left:-1rem;}.css-fp5fyp>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-fp5fyp{width:calc(100% + 1.5rem);margin-left:-1.5rem;}.css-fp5fyp>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1.5rem;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-fp5fyp"><style data-emotion="css 17ycbya">.css-17ycbya{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;position:relative;padding-top:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;min-height:5rem;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-17ycbya{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-12 css-17ycbya"><style data-emotion="css mf2yrx">.css-mf2yrx{position:absolute;z-index:100;border-radius:2rem;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(0.625rem);backdrop-filter:blur(0.625rem);border:0.0625rem solid #ffffff;background-color:theme.palette.alphaWhite[10];overflow:hidden;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-mf2yrx{width:calc(100% - 0.625rem);}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-mf2yrx{width:calc(100% - 1rem);}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-mf2yrx{width:calc(100% - 1.5rem);}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-mf2yrx{width:calc(100% - 1.6875rem);}}</style><div class="search-wrapper search-wrapper-closed MuiBox-root css-mf2yrx"><style data-emotion="css y823ku">.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;color:#ffffff;gap:0.5rem;font-weight:400;background-color:transparent;border-width:0px!important;-webkit-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;}.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-moz-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::placeholder,.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-y823ku .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputAdornment-root{color:#ffffff;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-root{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-input::-moz-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-input::placeholder,.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku.open .MuiInputAdornment-root{color:#000000;}.css-y823ku fieldset{border-width:0px!important;}.css-y823ku input{font-weight:350;padding:1.28125rem 0.875rem 1.03125rem 0rem;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.css-y823ku input::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-y823ku input::-moz-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-y823ku input:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-y823ku input::placeholder{opacity:1;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1fxho4m">.css-1fxho4m{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;position:relative;min-width:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;vertical-align:top;width:100%;}.css-1fxho4m .Mui-focused.MuiInputLabel-root,.css-1fxho4m:hover .MuiInputLabel-root{color:#000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root{margin-top:0.75rem;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root:before,.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root:after{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #545454;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-focused:after,.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-focused:before{border-bottom-color:#000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-disabled:after,.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-disabled:before{border-bottom-color:#9A9999;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root .MuiIcon-root{color:#000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-disabled .MuiIcon-root{color:#9A9999;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard{color:#545454;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard.MuiFormLabel-filled{color:#000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard.Mui-focused+.MuiInput-root>.MuiInputBase-input{color:#545454;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard:not(.Mui-focused).Mui-filled+.MuiInput-root>.MuiInputBase-input{color:#000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard.Mui-disabled{color:#9A9999;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-standard.Mui-disabled .MuiIcon-root{color:#9A9999;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormHelperText-root{font-family:"Avenir",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.66;margin-top:0.25rem;color:#7D7D7D;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormHelperText-root.Mui-disabled{color:#9A9999;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root{border-radius:2rem;max-height:3.375rem;padding-left:0.625rem;min-height:3.375rem;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root.MuiInputBase-multiline{max-height:none;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{font-family:Avenir-roman,sans-serif;border-color:#3D3D3D;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormLabel-root.Mui-error,.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormHelperText-root.Mui-error{color:#CC0000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputLabel-outlined[data-shrink=false]{left:0.625rem!important;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-error:before,.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-error:after{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #CC0000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInput-root.Mui-error .MuiIcon-root{color:#CC0000;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormLabel-root{top:0.125rem;left:0;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiFormLabel-root[data-shrink=true]{top:0rem 0rem;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem;color:#ffffff;gap:0.5rem;font-weight:400;background-color:transparent;border-width:0px!important;-webkit-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-moz-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::placeholder,.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:white;opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m .MuiInputBase-root .MuiInputAdornment-root{color:#ffffff;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-root{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-input::-moz-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-input::placeholder,.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputBase-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m.open .MuiInputAdornment-root{color:#000000;}.css-1fxho4m fieldset{border-width:0px!important;}.css-1fxho4m input{font-weight:350;padding:1.28125rem 0.875rem 1.03125rem 0rem;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.css-1fxho4m input::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m input::-moz-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m input:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:1;}.css-1fxho4m input::placeholder{opacity:1;}</style><div class="MuiFormControl-root MuiFormControl-fullWidth MuiTextField-root closed css-1fxho4m"><style data-emotion="css-global 1prfaxn">@-webkit-keyframes mui-auto-fill{from{display:block;}}@keyframes mui-auto-fill{from{display:block;}}@-webkit-keyframes mui-auto-fill-cancel{from{display:block;}}@keyframes mui-auto-fill-cancel{from{display:block;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 1kyco5u">.css-1kyco5u{font-family:"Avenir",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4375em;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;cursor:text;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;position:relative;border-radius:4px;padding-left:14px;}.css-1kyco5u.Mui-disabled{color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);cursor:default;}.css-1kyco5u:hover .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87);}@media (hover: none){.css-1kyco5u:hover .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}}.css-1kyco5u.Mui-focused .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:#000;border-width:2px;}.css-1kyco5u.Mui-error .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:#800000;}.css-1kyco5u.Mui-disabled .MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><div class="MuiInputBase-root MuiOutlinedInput-root MuiInputBase-colorPrimary MuiInputBase-fullWidth MuiInputBase-formControl MuiInputBase-adornedStart css-1kyco5u"><style data-emotion="css 1mivseu">.css-1mivseu{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:0.01em;max-height:2em;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;white-space:nowrap;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);margin-right:8px;margin-left:-0.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiInputAdornment-root MuiInputAdornment-positionStart MuiInputAdornment-outlined MuiInputAdornment-sizeMedium css-1mivseu" color="primaryOnDark"><span class="notranslate"></span><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeMedium css-1yxmbwk" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Cerca"><svg aria-label="" class="Search_SearchIconClose__WfoB0" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 22 22" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g id="Group"><path id="Vector" d="M21 21L14.656 14.656" stroke="white" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-linecap="square"></path><path id="Vector_2" d="M9 17C13.4183 17 17 13.4183 17 9C17 4.58172 13.4183 1 9 1C4.58172 1 1 4.58172 1 9C1 13.4183 4.58172 17 9 17Z" stroke="white" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-linecap="square"></path></g></svg></button></div><style data-emotion="css 1ixds2g">.css-1ixds2g{font:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;color:currentColor;padding:4px 0 5px;border:0;box-sizing:content-box;background:none;height:1.4375em;margin:0;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;display:block;min-width:0;width:100%;-webkit-animation-name:mui-auto-fill-cancel;animation-name:mui-auto-fill-cancel;-webkit-animation-duration:10ms;animation-duration:10ms;padding:16.5px 14px;padding-left:0;}.css-1ixds2g::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1ixds2g::-moz-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1ixds2g:-ms-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1ixds2g::-ms-input-placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:0.42;-webkit-transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:opacity 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}.css-1ixds2g:focus{outline:0;}.css-1ixds2g:invalid{box-shadow:none;}.css-1ixds2g::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g::-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0!important;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g:focus:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}label[data-shrink=false]+.MuiInputBase-formControl .css-1ixds2g:focus::-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.42;}.css-1ixds2g.Mui-disabled{opacity:1;-webkit-text-fill-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);}.css-1ixds2g:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-animation-duration:5000s;animation-duration:5000s;-webkit-animation-name:mui-auto-fill;animation-name:mui-auto-fill;}.css-1ixds2g:-webkit-autofill{border-radius:inherit;}</style><input aria-invalid="false" autoComplete="off" id="search" name="search" type="text" aria-label="Search" class="MuiInputBase-input MuiOutlinedInput-input search-input MuiInputBase-inputAdornedStart css-1ixds2g" value=""/><style data-emotion="css 19w1uun">.css-19w1uun{border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}</style><style data-emotion="css igs3ac">.css-igs3ac{text-align:left;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;top:-5px;left:0;margin:0;padding:0 8px;pointer-events:none;border-radius:inherit;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;min-width:0%;border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23);}</style><fieldset aria-hidden="true" class="MuiOutlinedInput-notchedOutline css-igs3ac"><style data-emotion="css ihdtdm">.css-ihdtdm{float:unset;width:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0;line-height:11px;-webkit-transition:width 150ms cubic-bezier(0.0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:width 150ms cubic-bezier(0.0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;}</style><legend class="css-ihdtdm"><span class="notranslate"></span></legend></fieldset></div></div><style data-emotion="css a0y2e3">.css-a0y2e3{height:0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:height 300ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;visibility:hidden;}</style><div class="MuiCollapse-root MuiCollapse-vertical MuiCollapse-hidden css-a0y2e3" style="min-height:0px"><style data-emotion="css hboir5">.css-hboir5{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapper MuiCollapse-vertical css-hboir5"><style data-emotion="css 8atqhb">.css-8atqhb{width:100%;}</style><div class="MuiCollapse-wrapperInner MuiCollapse-vertical css-8atqhb"><style data-emotion="css 82g95e">.css-82g95e{position:relative;}.css-82g95e:after{max-height:25rem;position:absolute;content:"";bottom:0;width:100%;height:1.875rem;background:linear-gradient(0, white, transparent);pointer-events:none;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-82g95e"><style data-emotion="css 1ooienb">.css-1ooienb{margin:0;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);border-bottom-width:thin;margin-left:1.5rem;margin-right:1.5rem;}</style><hr class="MuiDivider-root MuiDivider-fullWidth css-1ooienb"/><style data-emotion="css wfrk2u">.css-wfrk2u{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;overflow-y:auto;max-height:25rem;}</style><div class="MuiStack-root css-wfrk2u"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 3cyuig">.css-3cyuig{z-index:1200;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-3cyuig{display:block;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-3cyuig{display:none;}}.css-3cyuig .MuiDrawer-paper{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(3.75rem);backdrop-filter:blur(3.75rem);overflow:hidden;}</style></div></header><div class="mainContent MuiBox-root css-0" id="mainContent"><div class="Term_termBox__DGxd6 MuiBox-root css-0" data-component-name="term"><style data-emotion="css 1jcqrew">.css-1jcqrew{padding-bottom:2.5rem;background-color:#385153;}</style><div class="HeroBase_heroCarousel__xHTNH MuiBox-root css-1jcqrew"><style data-emotion="css sknu2o">.css-sknu2o{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:0.125rem;padding-right:0.125rem;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:0.1875rem;padding-right:0.1875rem;}}@media (min-width:0px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:1.6875rem;padding-right:1.6875rem;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-sknu2o{padding-left:4rem;padding-right:4rem;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root HeroBase_heroCarouselSlide__ZupcZ css-sknu2o"><style data-emotion="css k6ilad">.css-k6ilad{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-k6ilad{width:calc(100% + 0.5rem);margin-left:-0.5rem;}.css-k6ilad>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-k6ilad{width:calc(100% + 1rem);margin-left:-1rem;}.css-k6ilad>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-k6ilad{width:calc(100% + 1.5rem);margin-left:-1.5rem;}.css-k6ilad>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1.5rem;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-k6ilad"><style data-emotion="css n9ghht">.css-n9ghht{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:83.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.333333%;flex-basis:83.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:83.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:83.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.333333%;flex-basis:83.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:83.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:83.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.333333%;flex-basis:83.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:83.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-n9ghht{-webkit-flex-basis:83.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:83.333333%;flex-basis:83.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:83.333333%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-10 css-n9ghht"><style data-emotion="css 1dwlpgj">.css-1dwlpgj{font-weight:900;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1em;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);padding:0.375rem 1rem 0.0625rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border-radius:1rem;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:2rem;margin-left:0rem;margin-right:0rem;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1dwlpgj{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width:991.95px){.css-1dwlpgj{padding-bottom:0.25rem;}}.css-1dwlpgj a{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;font-size:0.75rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><style data-emotion="css zmi5yr">.css-zmi5yr{margin:0;font-family:"Avenir",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);font-weight:900;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1em;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);padding:0.375rem 1rem 0.0625rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border-radius:1rem;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:2rem;margin-left:0rem;margin-right:0rem;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);}@media (min-width:992px){.css-zmi5yr{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width:991.95px){.css-zmi5yr{padding-bottom:0.25rem;}}.css-zmi5yr a{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;font-size:0.75rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><nav class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiBreadcrumbs-root css-zmi5yr" aria-label="breadcrumb"><style data-emotion="css nhb8h9">.css-nhb8h9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;}</style><ol class="MuiBreadcrumbs-ol css-nhb8h9"><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1npbk5i:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><style data-emotion="css 1a0edoa">.css-1a0edoa{margin:0;font:inherit;color:#000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1a0edoa:hover{text-decoration-color:inherit;}</style><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways css-1a0edoa" href="/" aria-label="Treccani"><span><svg width="16" height="13" viewBox="0 0 16 13" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 3.95203V3.10603C0 3.08504 0.0075 3.06403 0.024 3.05203C1.401 1.83704 3.273 0.998535 4.8375 0.998535C6.069 0.998535 7.107 1.52204 7.56 2.79404H7.581C8.031 1.52204 9.0705 0.998535 10.3005 0.998535C11.865 0.998535 13.7355 1.83704 15.114 3.05203C15.1305 3.06554 15.138 3.08504 15.138 3.10603V3.95203C15.138 3.97604 15.1125 3.98803 15.093 3.97604C13.851 3.10454 12.1095 2.40253 10.716 2.40253C9.4125 2.40253 8.412 3.01604 8.412 4.67503V12.8455H6.7275V4.67503C6.7275 3.01604 5.727 2.40253 4.4235 2.40253C3.03 2.40253 1.287 3.10454 0.0465 3.97604C0.0285 3.98954 0.0015 3.97604 0.0015 3.95203" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a></li></ol></nav><style data-emotion="css h5rga0">.css-h5rga0{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-h5rga0"><style data-emotion="css t21enm">.css-t21enm{margin:0;font-weight:400;font-family:Imprint,Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-4%;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:2.5rem;line-height:2.5rem;padding-left:0rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem;color:#ffffff;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:-0.195rem;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-t21enm{font-size:4.875rem;line-height:4.875rem;}}</style><h1 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h2 css-t21enm">Sontag, Susan</h1><style data-emotion="css 1m36rd1">.css-1m36rd1{margin:0;font-weight:700;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.4375rem;line-height:2rem;padding-top:0.625rem;padding-bottom:1rem;color:#ffffff;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1m36rd1{font-size:2.125rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}</style><h5 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h5 HeroBase_leadP__0yoSv css-1m36rd1">Enciclopedia on line</h5></div></div><style data-emotion="css al93w7">.css-al93w7{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;gap:0.5rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:flex-end;-ms-flex-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-al93w7{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:0px){.css-al93w7{margin-top:0.5rem!important;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-al93w7{margin-top:inherit;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-2 css-al93w7"><style data-emotion="css 1bxgxsy">.css-1bxgxsy{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem;position:relative;}</style><div class="MuiStack-root ContributionButtons_iconContrib__1z6mn css-1bxgxsy"><style data-emotion="css 11raug4">.css-11raug4{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:12px;font-size:1.75rem;padding:0rem;width:3rem;height:3rem;}.css-11raug4:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-11raug4:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-11raug4.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:0px){.css-11raug4{margin-right:.5rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-11raug4{margin-right:inherit;}}</style><style data-emotion="css 6ypq5u">.css-6ypq5u{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:12px;font-size:1.75rem;padding:0rem;width:3rem;height:3rem;}.css-6ypq5u::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-6ypq5u.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-6ypq5u{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-6ypq5u:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-6ypq5u:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-6ypq5u.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}@media (min-width:0px){.css-6ypq5u{margin-right:.5rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-6ypq5u{margin-right:inherit;}}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeLarge css-6ypq5u" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Partecipa alle attività della redazione"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" width="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g stroke-linecap="square" stroke-width="1" stroke-miterlimit="10" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linejoin="miter" class="nc-icon-wrapper" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)"><circle cx="5" cy="13" r="2"></circle><path d="M5,18c-2.209,0-4,1.791-4,4H9c0-2.209-1.791-4-4-4Z"></path><circle cx="19" cy="13" r="2"></circle><path d="M19,18c-2.209,0-4,1.791-4,4h8c0-2.209-1.791-4-4-4Z"></path><circle cx="12" cy="3" r="2" stroke="#fff"></circle><path d="M15,9.354c-.733-.831-1.805-1.354-3-1.354s-2.267,.524-3,1.354" stroke="#fff"></path></g></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css ttazfb">.css-ttazfb{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem;position:absolute;right:100%;margin-right:1rem;}</style><div class="MuiStack-root css-ttazfb"></div></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css nvagj6">.css-nvagj6{margin:auto;padding:1rem;}</style><div class="gmp banner-external-body MuiBox-root css-nvagj6" id="gmp-masthead"></div><div class="MuiContainer-root css-sknu2o"><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-k6ilad"><style data-emotion="css ljmp5d">.css-ljmp5d{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-ljmp5d{-webkit-flex-basis:16.666667%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:16.666667%;flex-basis:16.666667%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:16.666667%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-md-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-2 Term_termNavigation___AsJE css-ljmp5d" data-nosnippet="true"><div class="MuiBox-root css-0" id="categorie"><style data-emotion="css kp7sva">.css-kp7sva{padding-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:1.5rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-kp7sva"><style data-emotion="css 1oz9gu8">.css-1oz9gu8{margin:0;font-weight:900;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.125rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1oz9gu8{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodySBold css-1oz9gu8">CATEGORIE</span></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-0"><a style="margin-bottom:0.5rem;display:block" href="/enciclopedia/arte_lingua_e_letteratura/letteratura/biografie/"><style data-emotion="css tg1524">.css-tg1524{margin:0;font-weight:900;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1em;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);padding:0.375rem 1rem 0.0625rem;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;display:inline-block;color:#fff;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-tg1524{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem;}}@media (max-width:991.95px){.css-tg1524{padding-bottom:0.25rem;}}</style><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-overlineLabel css-tg1524">biografie in letteratura</span></a></div></div><div class="MuiBox-root css-0" id="tags"><style data-emotion="css nmceeh">.css-nmceeh{margin-top:1.25rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-nmceeh"><span class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodySBold css-1oz9gu8">TAG</span></div><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/harvard-university/"><style data-emotion="css 1fiyhv5">.css-1fiyhv5{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.375rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1fiyhv5{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">Harvard university</p><style data-emotion="css xfgsgz">.css-xfgsgz{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;text-align:center;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-size:.8rem;margin-left:10px;}</style><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><a class="Term_tag__j_oGT" style="padding-top:0.25rem;color:#424242;display:flex;align-items:center" href="/enciclopedia/tag/new-york/"><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyM css-1fiyhv5">New york</p><span class="notranslate MuiIcon-root MuiIcon-fontSizeMedium icon-right-arrow css-xfgsgz" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1t9ge1w">.css-1t9ge1w{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-1t9ge1w{-webkit-flex-basis:58.333333%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:58.333333%;flex-basis:58.333333%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:58.333333%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-7 Term_termContent__UHoTq term-content css-1t9ge1w"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;color:#93282C;text-decoration:underline" class="content-link-image" href="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/images/b/be/be6365d9a6278ad2f898c880ffaccab1.jpg"> <img src="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/thumbs_medium/b/be/be6365d9a6278ad2f898c880ffaccab1.jpg" alt="Lynn Gilbert - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0" class="content-img" width="NaN" height="NaN" style="object-fit:contain"/> </a></div></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph0 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css d8t48w">.css-d8t48w{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-d8t48w{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:2rem;}}.css-d8t48w:not(:last-of-type){margin-bottom:1.5rem;}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyL css-d8t48w">Scrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Specializzatasi in filosofia alla Harvard University, nei primi anni Sessanta si affermò dalle colonne della <style data-emotion="css uehu9e">.css-uehu9e{margin:0;font-style:italic;font-size:inherit;}</style><em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Partisan review</em> e della <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">New York review of books</em> come critico letterario e cinematografico. Ha esercitato una critica radicale verso ogni forma d'inerzia (intellettuale, morale, ecc.) in una vasta produzione saggistica (<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Against interpretation</em>, 1966, trad. it. 1967; <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Trip to Hanoi</em>, 1969, trad. it. 1969, poi confluito in <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Styles of radical will</em>, 1969), ottenendo vasti consensi con <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">On photography</em> (1977; trad. it. 1978). Ha alternato a temi quali la rimozione della malattia nella società del nostro tempo (<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Illness as metaphor</em>, 1978, trad. it. 1979; <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Aids and its metaphors</em>, 1989, trad. it. 1989) la riflessione su personalità centrali nella cultura del sec. 20° (<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Under the sign of Saturn</em>, 1980, trad. it. 1982; <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">A Roland Barthes reader</em>, 1982, trad. it. 2010). Si è misurata anche col romanzo (<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">The benefactor</em>, 1963, trad. it. 1965; <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Death kit</em>, 1967, trad. it. 1973; <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">The volcano lover</em>, 1992, trad. it. 1995) e con la narrativa breve (<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">I, etcetera</em>, 1978; trad. it. 1980). Di grande interesse anche i volumi dei suoi diari, pubblicati postumi, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Reborn. Journals and notebooks 1947-1963</em> (2008) e <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">As consciousness is harnessed to flesh. Journals and notebooks</em>, 19<em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">64-1980</em> (2012). </p></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph1 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"> <table summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" class="sinottico"></table> </div><style data-emotion="css fm1z82">.css-fm1z82{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:0.125rem;padding-right:0.125rem;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:0.1875rem;padding-right:0.1875rem;}}@media (min-width:0px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:1.6875rem;padding-right:1.6875rem;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-fm1z82{padding-left:4rem;padding-right:4rem;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root css-fm1z82"><style data-emotion="css 1jy711f">.css-1jy711f{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-1jy711f{width:calc(100% + 0.5rem);margin-left:-0.5rem;}.css-1jy711f>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-1jy711f{width:calc(100% + 1rem);margin-left:-1rem;}.css-1jy711f>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1rem;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-1jy711f{width:calc(100% + 1.5rem);margin-left:-1.5rem;}.css-1jy711f>.MuiGrid-item{padding-left:1.5rem;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-1jy711f"><style data-emotion="css vl65zu">.css-vl65zu{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-vl65zu{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 css-vl65zu"><style data-emotion="css vcmafi">.css-vcmafi{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-vcmafi{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:2rem;}}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyL css-vcmafi">© Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani - Riproduzione riservata</p></div></div></div><div class="MuiContainer-root css-sknu2o"><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-container css-k6ilad"><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 css-vl65zu"><div class="gmp banner-external-body MuiBox-root css-0" id="gmp-native"></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 18vsz11">.css-18vsz11{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem;justify-items:center;}@media (min-width:576px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:768px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1400px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}@media (min-width:1921px){.css-18vsz11{-webkit-flex-basis:25%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:25%;flex-basis:25%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;max-width:25%;}}</style><div class="MuiGrid-root MuiGrid-item MuiGrid-grid-xs-12 MuiGrid-grid-md-12 MuiGrid-grid-lg-3 css-18vsz11" data-nosnippet="true" data-component-name="term_aside"><style data-emotion="css nowvb1">.css-nowvb1{margin-bottom:0rem;max-width:100%;}@media (min-width:0px){.css-nowvb1{margin-top:1.25rem;}}@media (min-width:992px){.css-nowvb1{margin-top:0rem;}}</style><div class="Term_customAdvCard__dWuO_ MuiBox-root css-nowvb1" data-component-name="custom-adv-card"><style data-emotion="css 47rmgs">.css-47rmgs{max-width:100%;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease .15s;transition:all .25s ease .15s;}</style><a class="format_333x250 position_sidebar imagetitle_banner-centenario AdvCard_card__70CVz AdvCard_cardImage__dv5OW MuiBox-root css-47rmgs" href="/istituto/centenario-treccani/"><div class="AdvCard_imageWrapper__l25lB MuiBox-root css-0"><img src="https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/9439x7087/88d915af33/banner-centenario.jpg/m/333x0" alt="-ALT" width="100%"/></div></a></div><style data-emotion="css bm29qb">.css-bm29qb{margin-bottom:2.5rem;}</style><div class="gmp banner-external-sidebar MuiBox-root css-bm29qb" id="gmp-topright"></div><style data-emotion="css 1fobf8d">.css-1fobf8d{margin-bottom:1.5rem;}</style><div class="Term_customAdvCard__dWuO_ MuiBox-root css-1fobf8d"></div><style data-emotion="css 1lvhyyh">.css-1lvhyyh{max-width:100%;margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}</style><div class="Term_customAdvCard__dWuO_ MuiBox-root css-1lvhyyh" data-component-name="custom-adv-card"><a class="format_333x250 position_sidebar imagetitle_banner-treccani-dentro-enciclopedia-e-vocabolario AdvCard_card__70CVz AdvCard_cardImage__dv5OW MuiBox-root css-47rmgs" href="https://emporium.treccani.it/it/il-dizionario-italiano-3012242.html"><div class="AdvCard_imageWrapper__l25lB MuiBox-root css-0"><img src="https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/2664x2000/263d4da3b0/banner-treccani-dentro-enciclopedia-e-vocabolario.jpg/m/333x0" alt="-ALT" width="100%"/></div></a><a class="format_333x250 position_sidebar imagetitle_mozart-scene-dei-viaggi-in-italia_treccani-website_333x250px AdvCard_card__70CVz AdvCard_cardImage__dv5OW MuiBox-root css-47rmgs" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6Z2yBZKeIZFu39D4JkU0iZ"><div class="AdvCard_imageWrapper__l25lB MuiBox-root css-0"><img src="https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/333x250/bab3933e76/mozart-scene-dei-viaggi-in-italia_treccani-website_333x250px.jpg/m/333x0" alt="-ALT" width="100%"/></div></a><a class="format_333x250 position_sidebar imagetitle_banner-459x459-new AdvCard_card__70CVz AdvCard_cardImage__dv5OW MuiBox-root css-47rmgs" href="https://treccanilandingadv.com/treccani-store/"><div class="AdvCard_imageWrapper__l25lB MuiBox-root css-0"><img src="https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/459x459/e3ee241453/banner-459x459-new.jpg/m/333x0" alt="-ALT" width="100%"/></div></a><a class="format_333x250 position_sidebar imagetitle_questioni-di-scuola_treccani-website_333x250px AdvCard_card__70CVz AdvCard_cardImage__dv5OW MuiBox-root css-47rmgs" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5j4yn48IsnlRjjjulp682I?si=02a998ea912b4a61"><div class="AdvCard_imageWrapper__l25lB MuiBox-root css-0"><img src="https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/333x250/987fb76e26/questioni-di-scuola_treccani-website_333x250px.jpg/m/333x0" alt="-ALT" width="100%"/></div></a></div><style data-emotion="css i51og3">.css-i51og3{margin-top:2rem;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-i51og3"></div></div></div></div><div class="gmp banner-external-body MuiBox-root css-0" id="gmp-insidepostmiddle"></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css xuaqpw">.css-xuaqpw{position:fixed;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;right:0;bottom:0;top:0;left:0;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;color:#fff;z-index:1201;}</style><div aria-hidden="true" class="MuiBackdrop-root css-xuaqpw" style="opacity:0;visibility:hidden"><style data-emotion="css 8yzpf7 animation-61bdi0">.css-8yzpf7{display:inline-block;-webkit-animation:animation-61bdi0 1.4s linear infinite;animation:animation-61bdi0 1.4s linear infinite;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-61bdi0{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}@keyframes animation-61bdi0{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg);-ms-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg);}}</style><span class="MuiCircularProgress-root MuiCircularProgress-indeterminate MuiCircularProgress-colorInherit css-8yzpf7" style="width:40px;height:40px" role="progressbar"><style data-emotion="css 13o7eu2">.css-13o7eu2{display:block;}</style><svg class="MuiCircularProgress-svg css-13o7eu2" viewBox="22 22 44 44"><style data-emotion="css 14891ef animation-1p2h4ri">.css-14891ef{stroke:currentColor;stroke-dasharray:80px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:0;-webkit-animation:animation-1p2h4ri 1.4s ease-in-out infinite;animation:animation-1p2h4ri 1.4s ease-in-out infinite;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1p2h4ri{0%{stroke-dasharray:1px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:0;}50%{stroke-dasharray:100px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:-15px;}100%{stroke-dasharray:100px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:-125px;}}@keyframes animation-1p2h4ri{0%{stroke-dasharray:1px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:0;}50%{stroke-dasharray:100px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:-15px;}100%{stroke-dasharray:100px,200px;stroke-dashoffset:-125px;}}</style><circle class="MuiCircularProgress-circle MuiCircularProgress-circleIndeterminate css-14891ef" cx="44" cy="44" r="20.2" fill="none" stroke-width="3.6"></circle></svg></span></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"data":{"published_images":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0","caption":null,"author":"Lynn Gilbert","path":"/b/be/be6365d9a6278ad2f898c880ffaccab1.jpg","id":"18046","description":"Susan Sontag fotografata nel 1979 da Lynn Gilbert","thumb":"/b/be/be6365d9a6278ad2f898c880ffaccab1.jpg"}],"titolo4url":"susan-sontag","voc_matches":[{"query":"infantilizzare_(Neologismi)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/infantilizzare_(Neologismi)","section":"vocabolario","title":"infantilizzare","abstract":" infantilizzare \n \nv. tr. Far regredire qualcuno allo stato infantile, considerarlo sprovvisto di capacità critica. ◆ Con un articolo che ha suscitato reazioni aspre e le ha creato molti nemici, [Susan Sontag] ha accusato i commentatori politici ...","opera":"Neologismi"},{"query":"afrocentrismo_(Neologismi)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/afrocentrismo_(Neologismi)","section":"vocabolario","title":"afrocentrismo","abstract":" afrocentrismo \n \ns. m. Concezione che considera l’Africa come fulcro di equilibri politici. ◆ Se a fronte del genocidio dei tutsi in Ruanda (un milione di vittime!) un gruppo di Stati africani si fosse sentito in obbligo di intervenire militarmente, ...","opera":"Neologismi"}],"content":"\u003cp\u003eScrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Specializzatasi in filosofia alla Harvard University, nei primi anni Sessanta si affermò dalle colonne della \u003ci\u003ePartisan review\u003c/i\u003e e della \u003ci\u003eNew York review of books\u003c/i\u003e come critico letterario e cinematografico. Ha esercitato una critica radicale verso ogni forma d'inerzia (intellettuale, morale, ecc.) in una vasta produzione saggistica (\u003ci\u003eAgainst interpretation\u003c/i\u003e, 1966, trad. it. 1967; \u003ci\u003eTrip to Hanoi\u003c/i\u003e, 1969, trad. it. 1969, poi confluito in \u003ci\u003eStyles of radical will\u003c/i\u003e, 1969), ottenendo vasti consensi con \u003ci\u003eOn photography\u003c/i\u003e (1977; trad. it. 1978). Ha alternato a temi quali la rimozione della malattia nella società del nostro tempo (\u003ci\u003eIllness as metaphor\u003c/i\u003e, 1978, trad. it. 1979; \u003ci\u003eAids and its metaphors\u003c/i\u003e, 1989, trad. it. 1989) la riflessione su personalità centrali nella cultura del sec. 20° (\u003ci\u003eUnder the sign of Saturn\u003c/i\u003e, 1980, trad. it. 1982; \u003ci\u003eA Roland Barthes reader\u003c/i\u003e, 1982, trad. it. 2010). Si è misurata anche col romanzo (\u003ci\u003eThe benefactor\u003c/i\u003e, 1963, trad. it. 1965; \u003ci\u003eDeath kit\u003c/i\u003e, 1967, trad. it. 1973; \u003ci\u003eThe volcano lover\u003c/i\u003e, 1992, trad. it. 1995) e con la narrativa breve (\u003ci\u003eI, etcetera\u003c/i\u003e, 1978; trad. it. 1980). Di grande interesse anche i volumi dei suoi diari, pubblicati postumi, \u003ci\u003eReborn. Journals and notebooks 1947-1963\u003c/i\u003e (2008) e \u003ci\u003eAs consciousness is harnessed to flesh. Journals and notebooks\u003c/i\u003e, 19\u003ci\u003e64-1980\u003c/i\u003e (2012).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"sinottico\" style=\"\" summary=\"Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto\"\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c!-- DEBUG --\u003e\n \u003c!-- e8e4a1ca-c04b-11dc-b686-0016357eee51 --\u003e\n \u003c!-- /sites/default/BancaDati/Enciclopedia_online/S/Biografie_-_Edicola_Sontag.xml --\u003e","categories":[{"cat3_label":"biografie","cat2":"letteratura","cat3":"biografie","cat1":"arte_lingua_e_letteratura","section":"enciclopedia","cat1_label":"arte lingua e letteratura","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/arte_lingua_e_letteratura/letteratura/biografie","cat2_label":"letteratura"}],"author":"","opera":"Enciclopedie on line","meta":{"html":{"title":"Sontag, Susan nell'Enciclopedia Treccani","description":"Scrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Specializzatasi in filosofia alla Harvard University, nei primi anni Sessanta si affermò dalle colonne della Partisan review e della New York review of books come critico letterario e cinematografico. Ha esercitato una critica radicale verso ogni forma d'inerzia (intellettuale, morale, ecc.) in una vasta produzione saggistica (Against interpretation, 1966, trad. it. 1967; Trip to Hanoi, 1969, trad. it. 1969, poi confluito in Styles of radical w"},"twitter":{"card":"summary","site":"@Treccani","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag","title":"Sontag, Susan","description":"Scrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Specializzatasi in filosofia alla Harvard University, nei primi anni Sessanta si affermò dalle colonne della Partisan review e della New York review of books come critico letterario e cinematografico. Ha esercitato una critica radicale verso ogni forma d'inerzia (intellettuale, morale, ecc.) in una vasta produzione saggistica (Against interpretation, 1966, trad. it. 1967; Trip to Hanoi, 1969, trad. it. 1969, poi confluito in Styles of radical w","image":"https://images.treccani.it/enc/media/images/social-120x120.jpg"},"facebook":{"url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag","type":"website","title":"Sontag, Susan","description":"Scrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Specializzatasi in filosofia alla Harvard University, nei primi anni Sessanta si affermò dalle colonne della Partisan review e della New York review of books come critico letterario e cinematografico. Ha esercitato una critica radicale verso ogni forma d'inerzia (intellettuale, morale, ecc.) in una vasta produzione saggistica (Against interpretation, 1966, trad. it. 1967; Trip to Hanoi, 1969, trad. it. 1969, poi confluito in Styles of radical w","image":"https://images.treccani.it/enc/media/images/social=200x200.jpg"}},"tags":[{"query":"harvard-university","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/harvard-university","section":"enciclopedia","label":"HARVARD UNIVERSITY"},{"query":"new-york","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/new-york","section":"enciclopedia","label":"NEW YORK"}],"related":[{"query":"philip-roth","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/philip-roth","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"f8e5a6d7-86d8-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Roth, Philip","abstract":"Scrittore statunitense (Newark, New Jersey, 1933 - New York 2018) di origine ebraica. Enfant terrible della narrativa ebraico-americana, R. ha mantenuto un suo ruolo di coscienza critica nell'ambito di questo filone letterario e, più in generale, della letteratura americana contemporanea, estendendo ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"jean-paul-sartre","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jean-paul-sartre","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"1c3da786-86d9-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Sartre, Jean-Paul","abstract":"Romanziere, drammaturgo e filosofo francese (Parigi 1905 - ivi 1980). Pensatore tra i più significativi del Novecento, la sua filosofia si riallaccia alla fenomenologia di E. Husserl e all'analitica esistenziale di M. Heidegger. Abbracciato poi il marxismo, S. volle integrarlo con le scienze umane, al ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"annie-leibovitz","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/annie-leibovitz","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"5f47bdd4-86d7-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Leibovitz, Annie","abstract":"Fotografa statunitense (n. Waterbury, Connecticut, 1949). Collaboratrice di riviste musicali e di moda, si è affermata nel corso degli anni Ottanta come ritrattista di celebrità, caratterizzando il suo lavoro per l'attenta regia delle immagini e la stretta collaborazione con i modelli.\n\nVita e attività\nFormatasi ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"alberto-moravia","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alberto-moravia","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"8d53ef7c-bab4-11dc-a0cf-0016357eee51","title":"Mor\u0026#xE0;via, Alberto","abstract":"Pseud. di Alberto Pincherle, scrittore (Roma 1907 - ivi 1990). Esordì con il realismo provocatorio de Gli indifferenti (1929), romanzo capitale nella letteratura italiana del Novecento che illustra, attraverso la storia di una famiglia, la decadenza morale della classe borghese sotto il fascismo. Il ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"saul-bellow","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/saul-bellow","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"ae3eeb6e-86d4-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Bellow, Saul","abstract":"Romanziere naturalizzato statunitense (Lachine, Quebec, 1915 - Brookline, Massachusetts 2005). Figlio di ebrei russi emigrati in Canada, si trasferì nel 1924 a Chicago dove frequentò l'università; ha insegnato lett. inglese a Princeton, New York, ecc. Impostosi all'attenzione della critica e del pubblico ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"john-hoyer-updike","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/john-hoyer-updike","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"ceb892cb-86d9-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Updike, John Hoyer","abstract":"Scrittore statunitense (Shillington, Pennsylvania, 1932 - Beverly Farms, Massachusetts, 2009). Affermatosi con Rabbit run (1960), storia di quotidiana frustrazione che in anni successivi assunse dimensioni di saga con Rabbit redux (1971), Rabbit is rich (1981) e Rabbit at rest (1990), U. è stato autore ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"robert-penn-warren","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/robert-penn-warren","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"056d3d92-86da-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Warren, Robert Penn","abstract":"Poeta e scrittore statunitense (Guthrie, Kentucky, 1905 - Fairfield, Vermont, 1989); prof. universitario, insegnò (1962-73) alla Yale University. Aderì al gruppo dei Fugitive poets, di cui diresse la rivista, e partecipò alla stesura del manifesto dei Southern Agrarians, I'll take my stand (1930). Intensa ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"gore-vidal","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gore-vidal","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"ead8bc82-86d9-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Vidal, Gore","abstract":"Scrittore statunitense (West Point, New York, 1925 - Los Angeles 2012). Autore ironico di una vasta serie di opere narrative che abbracciano vari temi, dall'ambiguità sessuale alla vita familiare, dalla storia antica, anche leggendaria, rivisitata alla fantasia filosofica, dalla satira politica al giallo, ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"bruno-fonzi","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bruno-fonzi","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"3bfaaf80-86d6-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51","title":"Bruno F\u0026#xF3;nzi","abstract":"Scrittore italiano (Macerata 1914 - Torino 1976); studioso di letteratura inglese e americana, ha tradotto numerose opere di classici e di contemporanei. Collaboratore, per molti anni, de Il Mondo di M. Pannunzio, si è felicemente affermato anche nel campo della narrativa, con la raccolta di racconti ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"enzo-siciliano","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/enzo-siciliano","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"ac2de383-477f-11dd-a3be-0016357f4ed7","title":"Enzo Siciliano","abstract":"Scrittore e critico italiano (Roma 1934 - ivi 2006); collaboratore di riviste e quotidiani (L'Espresso, Corriere della sera, La Repubblica); direttore (1972-2006) della rivista Nuovi Argomenti, dove raccolse le più giovani generazioni di scrittori; dal 1995 al 2000 direttore del Gabinetto scientifico-letterario ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"}],"insights":[{"query":"susan-sontag_(Lessico-del-XXI-Secolo)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag_(Lessico-del-XXI-Secolo)","title":"Sontag, Susan","section":"enciclopedia","abstract":"Sontag, Susan. – Scrittrice statunitense (New York 1933 - ivi 2004). Attivista politica radicale e docente universitaria, è stata autrice di romanzi, saggi e articoli, film e adattamenti teatrali. Tra i suoi scritti più noti, Against interpretation (1966); Styles of radical will (1969); Illness as metaphor ...","opera":"Lessico del XXI Secolo (2013)","year":"2013"},{"query":"susan-sontag_(Enciclopedia-del-Cinema)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag_(Enciclopedia-del-Cinema)","title":"SONTAG, Susan","section":"enciclopedia","abstract":"Sontag, Susan \n\nDaniele Dottorini\n\nSaggista e scrittrice statunitense, nata a New York il 16 gennaio 1933. Rappresentante tra le più prestigiose della cultura radical statunitense, nell'ambito del suo pensiero estetico, che rifiuta il concetto e la pratica dell'interpretazione per porre in primo piano ...","opera":"Enciclopedia del Cinema (2004)","year":"2004"},{"query":"susan-sontag_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/susan-sontag_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)","title":"SONTAG, Susan","section":"enciclopedia","abstract":"Marina Camboni\n\nScrittrice statunitense, nata a New York il 16 gennaio 1933. Compiuti gli studi di filosofia nelle università di Berkeley e Chicago, laureatasi in letteratura inglese alla Harvard university nel 1954, S. proseguì la propria formazione in Europa (università di Oxford, 1957; Parigi, 1957-58). ...","opera":"Enciclopedia Italiana - V Appendice (1995)","year":"1995"}],"title":"Sontag, Susan","type":"term","config":{"story":{"name":"config","created_at":"2023-07-28T11:10:14.511Z","published_at":"2025-02-21T08:34:42.319Z","updated_at":"2025-02-21T08:34:42.355Z","id":347287484,"uuid":"70358df3-455e-45b8-a37c-82ef288e27cb","content":{"_uid":"087f49a1-6097-4955-acde-817c0fa8faf8","cart":{"id":"549875b2-37b6-4bc3-a8a2-3e422f25744f","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-emporium"},"MagAds":[{"_uid":"3545a2af-b651-4584-8576-f43916c4d9e2","position":"MaxTicker_Middle|728x90","component":"Adv"}],"CustomAds":[{"_uid":"c2114ba5-0da7-4350-a24f-fa265d8d2130","link":{"id":"","rel":"","url":"/contribuzione/suggerisci-una-nuova-voce","title":"Suggerisci una nuova voce","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/contribuzione/suggerisci-una-nuova-voce"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"filename":null,"copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"Partecipa alle attività della redazione","bgColor":"celeste-dark-50","variant":"contribution","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","rel":"","url":"/contribuzione/suggerisci-una-integrazione","title":"Suggerisci un’integrazione","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/contribuzione/suggerisci-una-integrazione"}}],"FooterAds":[{"_uid":"2da37086-b767-47d8-9587-cb599a2f0a99","position":"Overlay|1x1","component":"Adv"}],"HeaderAds":[{"_uid":"2f23cc76-778d-4343-ab70-0cdefc2077d4","position":"MaxTicker|990x30","component":"Adv"}],"component":"Config","footer_menu":[{"_uid":"073e253e-ed99-49f5-93b3-02cef6758bb0","items":[{"_uid":"9e4cc6f3-7542-4e8f-982c-0e27fa57bbeb","link":{"id":"","url":"/istituto/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/istituto/"},"items":[],"label":"ISTITUTO","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"c8b589d1-cb56-4ff8-b661-3bf25aa8a34c","link":{"id":"","url":"/fondazione/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/fondazione/"},"items":[],"label":"FONDAZIONE","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"afca5e7f-decb-49cb-b52a-4278ec4bc084","link":{"id":"","url":"/corporate/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/corporate/"},"items":[],"label":"CORPORATE","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"5da20855-34d6-4ca2-9d06-a8b26aab62c5","link":{"id":"","url":"/eventi/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/eventi/"},"items":[],"label":"EVENTI","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"title":"","component":"Menu","title_url":{"id":"46391937-6f33-40f3-a597-62ac86805a95","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"homepage"}},{"_uid":"2a9802f9-80a8-4e94-9d1d-551d1c236790","items":[{"_uid":"da9cb84f-8f1f-40ac-9517-3d3ec88a8807","link":{"id":"","url":"/enciclopedia/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/enciclopedia/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"ENCICLOPEDIA","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"3f0d1c4b-4ba8-4ed7-8e1f-dfe0d8cc4704","link":{"id":"","url":"/vocabolario/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/vocabolario/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"VOCABOLARIO","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"5305afb7-85f5-4be5-9c2b-a92af01eb04e","link":{"id":"","url":"/sinonimi/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/sinonimi/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"SINONIMI","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"c27465fa-1573-4fd7-b6c5-8207acdfd0f7","link":{"id":"","url":"/biografico/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/biografico/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"DIZIONARIO BIOGRAFICO","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"567c04d4-0c31-4d84-9bfb-0d2d8734f459","link":{"id":"","url":"/magazine/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/magazine/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"MAGAZINE","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"f0fe48b6-214d-4f19-8986-34deecbd934e","link":{"id":"","url":"/galassia-treccani/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/galassia-treccani/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"GALASSIA TRECCANI","component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"title":"","component":"Menu","title_url":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}},{"_uid":"f493f7c6-df11-4c11-964b-6098b6944109","items":[{"_uid":"1415811c-1b86-4edb-93a1-a4bd58253599","link":{"id":"","url":"/user/register/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/user/register/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Registrati","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"42d5fbcb-17b7-4f84-a489-e0bc6950c794","link":{"id":"","url":"/user/login/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/user/login/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Accedi","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"8a45b7fb-4293-4caa-8a6a-f9be09de20fe","link":{"id":"","url":"/user/forgotPassword/","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/user/forgotPassword/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Password dimenticata","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"6e6079e8-5f1b-40d5-b4de-5acd51aa8d65","link":{"id":"63d6e4ea-a63d-4753-9781-77c947bb364d","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"lavora-con-noi/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Lavora con noi","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"ca13f490-04cd-42f5-9778-7fb90925a9f8","link":{"id":"853d703a-e1cf-4673-bc51-1a18aca0e0c1","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"whistleblowing/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Whistleblowing","component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"title":"","component":"Menu","title_url":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}}],"header_menu":[{"_uid":"1529d2b0-81e3-4dd7-b7a0-edc65eaa3a09","link":{"id":"88706b0e-540d-40ec-903d-eab006377fb3","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/centenario-treccani/"},"image":{"id":20942668,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/900x401/495fe67b3d/istituto_menu.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"items":[{"_uid":"664298f4-d457-4cee-b4e1-be5d86827ef6","link":{"id":"62d80838-a240-4ac1-85e6-f8d05182e577","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/chi-siamo/"},"items":[],"label":"Chi siamo","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"e6fde359-5864-4e57-ac81-3baad6d76a43","link":{"id":"a33dd752-a75b-4e07-b75e-849a6230dcc8","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/la-nostra-storia"},"items":[],"label":"La nostra storia","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"a365e151-018e-46d9-8208-5b201c3eede4","link":{"id":"99dfc2da-f728-4759-aa1f-04ccafc195fe","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/biblioteca"},"items":[],"label":"Biblioteca","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"b71c43f5-ee45-4fa1-ab39-37ea208c5afa","link":{"id":"b44ccddc-b6ff-4516-82d2-3bbfe035a7dd","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/archivio-storico"},"items":[],"label":"Archivio storico","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"08ebf597-ea4a-4307-8be4-7bd5f4857874","link":{"id":"793b4e77-c87f-470e-bcc3-dc510224172c","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/catalogo_storico/"},"items":[],"label":"Catalogo storico","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"9255198f-8a4c-424f-924a-9f6091006064","link":{"id":"bbd32b56-a523-4467-ab33-4cfe5e64f1ea","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/presidenti/"},"items":[],"label":"Presidenti","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"a015df02-e965-44d7-9a69-10a717dd2cae","link":{"id":"b52d911f-f14b-4f0c-9b51-69b7e22820c4","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/protagonisti/"},"items":[],"label":"Protagonisti","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"55d7e5c6-ce0f-4d80-bb05-6b193fae592b","link":{"id":"5795b6ac-8d4d-405a-af00-3eda44c8d815","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/comitato_donore/"},"items":[],"label":"Comitato d'onore","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"a2d47289-ab22-4553-a293-65f229278022","link":{"id":"dbc7e817-51f8-4079-b72e-2203a9df73c7","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/autori/"},"items":[],"label":"Autori","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"9d66f2fb-17d6-4b37-88b9-dabfc7babe47","link":{"id":"d9e903b5-01c5-4d1b-bf0e-c8d115eff59e","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/organi_sociali/"},"items":[],"label":"Organi sociali","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"c1c75244-2f1c-4324-86c2-9cffaa15e622","link":{"id":"df88b860-e6f9-4b1d-be59-57e6ce302820","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/soci"},"items":[],"label":"Soci","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"4af901f7-2fec-4eb0-9c8b-d13ed84b6f12","link":{"id":"63767a1d-2540-4f7b-a59c-b71e9038bdc2","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/amministrazione-trasparente"},"items":[],"label":"Amministrazione trasparente","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"82360279-7e28-4f37-b018-b0db3e746db2","link":{"id":"853d703a-e1cf-4673-bc51-1a18aca0e0c1","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"whistleblowing/"},"items":[],"label":"Whistleblowing","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"istituto","component":"MenuLink","description":"Il cuore di Treccani: il nostro statuto e la nostra storia per un secolo di sapere.","internalLabel":"l’istituto COMPIE 100 anni","customLabelCTA":"vivi il centenario","secondaryDescription":"ESPLORA L'ISTITUTO"},{"_uid":"35a4ebef-1470-4417-bf94-95c23c1857fa","link":{"id":"cbd6492b-b3d4-4617-8a70-fcdc9bbeb7c4","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/"},"image":{"id":12658826,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/900x400/8b0106e312/mdd_fondazione-900x400.png","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"items":[{"_uid":"b88d58be-bbdf-4a38-80d6-53dc2e3c654b","link":{"id":"362d9e55-469d-4da5-ab68-04aa4089cee2","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/cos-e"},"items":[],"label":"Cos'è la Fondazione","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"26e9bcbc-ce45-4117-9f23-471e497cb529","link":{"id":"d7e40882-1d3d-4730-bb31-8af94c760a9c","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/come-aderire"},"items":[],"label":"Come aderire","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"9b868981-b0ce-4bda-b361-52e956e6ea1d","link":{"id":"c4091a3d-7ecd-4df3-8c2d-86f73e414edd","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/progetti/"},"items":[],"label":"Progetti","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"198e6b93-7672-4632-8869-647b75d6016c","link":{"id":"6573d1e3-b618-45e7-b9a0-8e4c1c5bc04e","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/iniziative_culturali/"},"items":[],"label":"Iniziative culturali","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"0bbb3abc-4f61-47af-96de-745b32be47c3","link":{"id":"6f81565f-d346-4bce-bd28-a00dd7393ba6","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"fondazione/borse-di-studio/"},"items":[],"label":"Borse di studio","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Fondazione","component":"MenuLink","description":"L’ente creato da Treccani che stabilisce e sviluppa nuove sinergie tra i mondi di cultura, scienza, economia e imprenditoria e l’Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana."},{"_uid":"0358da0e-337a-47d4-8c12-fad059442f9a","link":{"id":"d3b86b0e-adc7-43d1-96cc-7c97f68a3fc9","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"corporate/"},"image":{"id":12658827,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/900x400/499cb055de/mdd_corporate-900x400.png","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"items":[{"_uid":"0c54adac-5299-4be7-b27f-2b062d087a5b","link":{"id":"5b2982c3-291a-43c6-b52e-e1a651ca7026","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"corporate/prodotti-e-servizi-per-le-aziende"},"items":[],"label":"Prodotti e servizi per le aziende","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"237785e1-e63e-41ad-bef1-8f06488e5ae2","link":{"id":"c0ede34e-c9c5-413c-a486-a419ada0666d","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"corporate/linea-definizione-b2b"},"items":[],"label":"Linea definizione","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"924cb857-a79f-4c4d-9b1a-224880a93a60","link":{"id":"","url":"/corporate/contattaci","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/corporate/contattaci"},"items":[],"label":"Contattaci","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Corporate","component":"MenuLink","description":"Tutti i nostri servizi di consulenza e sviluppo\u2028di prodotti dedicati alle aziende."},{"_uid":"d30c078d-3b37-41f7-93a9-8380bb13192b","link":{"id":"a23dbdd2-c71d-414e-adf3-bcf7ad383ce5","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"eventi/"},"image":{"id":12658825,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/900x400/7a997f8ec8/mdd_eventi-900x400.png","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"items":[{"_uid":"43a21c7a-03aa-463c-8353-d0bc42953dc3","link":{"id":"601f13f8-e4cc-4cac-9c16-f359ddddcdbc","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"eventi/calendario/"},"items":[],"label":"Calendario","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"522e30db-688a-43a6-b26c-5f6e8c382ac0","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.festivaltreccanidellalinguaitaliana.it/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.festivaltreccanidellalinguaitaliana.it/"},"items":[],"label":"Festival Treccani della lingua italiana","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"5697939d-95cb-41b5-bcde-dd0df7463bf8","link":{"id":"19525234-e39e-4576-9af2-204866232902","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"eventi/programmazione-sala-igea/"},"items":[],"label":"Programmazione Sala Igea","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Eventi","component":"MenuLink","description":"In questa sezione puoi informarti o aggiornarti sugli eventi organizzati o patrocinati da Treccani."}],"social_menu":[{"_uid":"336be468-0089-4ad6-8d67-b5adc6047555","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.facebook.com/treccani","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.facebook.com/treccani"},"items":[],"label":"facebook","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"66653085-6f81-4452-8041-cc7a4c9bc9af","link":{"id":"","url":"https://twitter.com/i/flow/login?redirect_after_login=%2FTreccani","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://twitter.com/i/flow/login?redirect_after_login=%2FTreccani"},"items":[],"label":"Twitter","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"f2a44493-b5fc-4423-8430-09bdec4a8a11","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.instagram.com/treccanigram/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.instagram.com/treccanigram/"},"items":[],"label":"Instagram","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"44688a74-03be-4094-99b4-e5366cb539e1","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.youtube.com/user/TreccaniChannel","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.youtube.com/user/TreccaniChannel"},"items":[],"label":"Youtube","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"DizionarioAds":[{"_uid":"2a521109-bd0e-4792-ab84-8e23dc4b6cd6","link":{"id":"88706b0e-540d-40ec-903d-eab006377fb3","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"istituto/centenario-treccani/"},"image":{"id":20889156,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/9439x7087/88d915af33/banner-centenario.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}},{"_uid":"823cc364-c1af-4c1c-aa61-fb42834e0b7f","link":{"id":"","url":"https://emporium.treccani.it/it/il-dizionario-italiano-3012242.html","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://emporium.treccani.it/it/il-dizionario-italiano-3012242.html"},"image":{"id":17669752,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/2664x2000/263d4da3b0/banner-treccani-dentro-enciclopedia-e-vocabolario.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}},{"_uid":"fc14d620-033a-46be-9ecf-994fdb491244","link":{"id":"","url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6Z2yBZKeIZFu39D4JkU0iZ","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6Z2yBZKeIZFu39D4JkU0iZ"},"image":{"id":20824856,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/333x250/bab3933e76/mozart-scene-dei-viaggi-in-italia_treccani-website_333x250px.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}},{"_uid":"ff8ca6e9-292f-4f4e-b28d-39ec95c5721b","link":{"id":"","url":"https://treccanilandingadv.com/treccani-store/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://treccanilandingadv.com/treccani-store/"},"image":{"id":17425720,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/459x459/e3ee241453/banner-459x459-new.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"viola-dark-50","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}},{"_uid":"8198e595-c5ec-45a5-bb06-6af610dc25fc","link":{"id":"","url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5j4yn48IsnlRjjjulp682I?si=02a998ea912b4a61","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://open.spotify.com/show/5j4yn48IsnlRjjjulp682I?si=02a998ea912b4a61"},"image":{"id":17501097,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/333x250/987fb76e26/questioni-di-scuola_treccani-website_333x250px.jpg","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}}],"newsletter_on":false,"secondary_menu":[{"_uid":"75bd959d-3a57-4ad7-a8e5-98ef3d140529","link":{"id":"906ade43-dbf9-423f-99e6-8a9dc58a4a1b","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-esperienze"},"items":[],"label":"Treccani Esperienze","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"19fb7fe9-ab9d-4a80-92f7-3540b1d33bb8","link":{"id":"559aa7e2-3300-4ad1-9507-cf13f9056258","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/linea-definizione"},"items":[],"label":"Linea Definizione","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"addc962f-0c75-44f3-9aaa-3b04b5bb3533","link":{"id":"97774a8c-b723-40c0-88a2-e6bbec367e57","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Magazine","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"e984c4e1-8b47-49e0-8170-ddb728b52801","link":{"id":"53e95f4d-2f02-4426-a28f-df5dbf3f5f0d","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-arte"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Arte","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"2bf815cc-d678-45d1-8aae-6edb8e9b012a","link":{"id":"f72b8a54-886a-4376-9723-03c67d6715b6","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/cataloghi"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Cataloghi","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"4133e6bd-30ec-4870-bcc9-c52db9e2d9eb","link":{"id":"63d6e4ea-a63d-4753-9781-77c947bb364d","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"lavora-con-noi/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[],"label":"Lavora con noi","component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"navigation_menu":[{"_uid":"4f5ed6c6-b678-4b49-a8f9-95630897ae99","link":{"id":"8cf5bc73-4571-4c98-92c3-7a5ddc4948ae","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"enciclopedia/"},"image":{"id":null,"alt":null,"name":"","focus":null,"title":null,"source":null,"filename":"","copyright":null,"fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{}},"items":[{"_uid":"095011b5-c225-412a-8eb1-ca0587dfdb96","link":{"id":"a7cc95bb-26b4-48bb-8887-fc77595f54f5","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"enciclopedia/arte_lingua_e_letteratura/"},"items":[],"label":"Arte lingua e letteratura","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"c5a3a333-51dc-418d-bfce-320e22296004","link":{"id":"","url":"/enciclopedia/scienze_sociali_e_storia/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/enciclopedia/scienze_sociali_e_storia/"},"items":[],"label":"Scienze sociali e storia","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"64f34b7c-9ad8-4237-a466-4c1da6c5d068","link":{"id":"fdaaa30b-feea-44c0-91b0-861edce1f945","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"enciclopedia/tecnologia_e_scienze_applicate/"},"items":[],"label":"Tecnologia e scienze applicate","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"dd5fff18-8455-4b8c-b686-dd5400375214","link":{"id":"c2bfd058-ae77-4b3f-8501-6ec52945af0b","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"enciclopedia/scienze_naturali_e_matematiche/"},"items":[],"label":"Scienze naturali e matematiche","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"7cd8d485-6bed-4677-b107-26d64ed6251b","link":{"id":"","url":"/enciclopedia/sport_e_tempo_libero/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/enciclopedia/sport_e_tempo_libero/"},"items":[],"label":"Sport e tempo libero","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Enciclopedia","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"2ee6f862-51b1-4a3e-9ecd-7eb4b7c39230","link":{"id":"4644f53d-bfcb-4200-90f0-03d058d90fd4","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"vocabolario/"},"items":[],"label":"Vocabolario","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"44349c00-9edf-48c5-992d-23f77f5afa3d","link":{"id":"91d9c694-3447-4867-9aa3-1b345ec8cf01","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"sinonimi/"},"items":[],"label":"Sinonimi","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"8b3789d0-198f-4fde-b5a9-db174344d6f3","link":{"id":"934ccdd1-5632-40e5-864b-dd8474605b31","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"biografico/"},"items":[],"label":"Dizionario biografico","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"aafff55d-b59f-4a6a-b3ac-2e73ecbe322f","link":{"id":"97774a8c-b723-40c0-88a2-e6bbec367e57","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/"},"items":[{"_uid":"1dc33305-ecc6-406c-9a79-3b98f84835aa","link":{"id":"925a4017-1d4e-421d-a88f-5f069bff9091","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/agenda/"},"items":[],"label":"Agenda","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"d317aeda-c88a-4827-8600-06c0c47c9874","link":{"id":"52a04c7e-6514-4cd8-866b-9e1ecb73ab65","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/atlante/"},"items":[],"label":"Atlante","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"a33cada4-1b72-4337-90b3-99823bd0a980","link":{"id":"4a998b1c-3376-4586-8c60-ed84f47ba7cd","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/faro/"},"items":[],"label":"Il faro","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"5dd2d2ed-cdf8-445a-84ef-4cd58f5e5fde","link":{"id":"1bfacb82-2b50-4751-9db7-31e34101c3bc","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/chiasmo/"},"items":[],"label":"Il chiasmo","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"7e203ac8-9385-46d3-a707-3df84e5b59ce","link":{"id":"b6f90d21-3288-437b-a9d4-6642dca6d4fb","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/diritto/"},"items":[],"label":"Diritto","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"6556430a-572f-4d1a-b7e0-291add202765","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.iltascabile.com/","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.iltascabile.com/"},"items":[],"label":"Il tascabile","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"0abac2c6-3a2b-4fb9-9b5f-2b0badae197a","link":{"id":"626d7b6c-a563-41a4-b89d-33f65aac6ad0","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/lingua_italiana/"},"items":[],"label":"Lingua italiana","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"f86425f8-4fbf-4e87-8acf-8bd613b534e4","link":{"id":"0fdd63e8-d3dd-47aa-b553-65d1cdfb84a7","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/parolevalgono/"},"items":[],"label":"Le parole valgono","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"68f029f3-ad5e-4ee6-b6f2-e541a4a97873","link":{"id":"6c49c9bc-ac3b-4529-84b2-43bf84ba19ce","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"magazine/webtv/"},"items":[],"label":"Web TV","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Magazine","component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"e2a0b517-27d8-4984-9ea8-0aa2a759fbf4","link":{"id":"10f18cc1-bd17-4358-94ce-d13fdc2359fc","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/"},"items":[{"_uid":"bac65f0f-b6b2-46df-be20-df3f8e2e5a0e","link":{"id":"","url":"https://www.treccani.it/galassia-treccani/treccani-esperienze.html","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://www.treccani.it/galassia-treccani/treccani-esperienze.html"},"items":[],"label":"Treccani Esperienze","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"588e81e4-32ce-4291-b36d-553d2cfddd5e","link":{"id":"63e80da6-fc43-485e-97c4-82d7c27af742","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/scuola-e-formazione/"},"items":[],"label":"Scuola e formazione","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"57328829-6972-4b45-9618-dbed39cd1606","link":{"id":"53e95f4d-2f02-4426-a28f-df5dbf3f5f0d","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-arte"},"items":[],"label":"Treccani Arte","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"55e0b7c7-ad2b-486d-b227-97a65b44051a","link":{"id":"ef8bcaf1-b024-468f-a85d-a13ac7a9a9cc","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-libri"},"items":[],"label":"Treccani Libri","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"6e08392e-f6bb-4785-8349-f59bb2eac331","link":{"id":"559aa7e2-3300-4ad1-9507-cf13f9056258","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/linea-definizione"},"items":[],"label":"Linea definizione","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"04e0fe15-b619-4144-a849-5175a6d583d6","link":{"id":"549875b2-37b6-4bc3-a8a2-3e422f25744f","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/treccani-emporium"},"items":[],"label":"Treccani Emporium","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"e7d18856-12a4-41f7-8dc7-c9ac36719bb4","link":{"id":"f72b8a54-886a-4376-9723-03c67d6715b6","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/cataloghi"},"items":[],"label":"Cataloghi","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"},{"_uid":"132ebc17-a828-4a59-8551-d7077d59785f","link":{"id":"6af05c2b-49bc-4039-8c95-a5cc93475951","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"galassia-treccani/rete-di-vendita/"},"items":[],"label":"Rete di Vendita","component":"MenuLinkSecondary"}],"label":"Galassia treccani","component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"footer_bottom_menu":[{"_uid":"4b526d14-b248-4003-8d6a-5c49160241b5","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/contatti","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/contatti"},"items":[],"label":"Contatti","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"652c1262-ff03-42ec-a471-7fa97667fa84","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/chi-siamo","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/chi-siamo"},"items":[],"label":"Chi siamo","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"5f4877ae-c556-439b-8e9d-3920af1d174c","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/termine-condizioni","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/termine-condizioni"},"items":[],"label":"Termini e condizioni generali","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"4dfa0358-a8cf-4d17-bd15-02c298154e6a","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/condizioni","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/condizioni"},"items":[],"label":"Condizioni di utilizzo dei servizi","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"88b921df-49f2-41ee-9c65-caeb082aa93d","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/cookie-policy","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/cookie-policy"},"items":[],"label":"Cookie Policy","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""},{"_uid":"c554bb41-5c7a-4c1e-b45c-6d2e73ddde33","link":{"id":"","url":"/footer/privacy","target":"_blank","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"/footer/privacy"},"items":[],"label":"Privacy Policy","accordion":false,"component":"MenuLink","description":""}],"footer_description":[{"_uid":"5fe29052-5de3-4703-b47b-30765b631e74","content":"Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana\u2028fondata da Giovanni Treccani S.p.A.","component":"Paragraph"},{"_uid":"ec675193-3c03-4352-8e57-e699cd240657","content":"Partita Iva 00892411000","component":"Paragraph"}],"search_placeholder":"","newsletter_modal_on":false,"login_register_active":true,"newsletter_modal_delay":"5","newsletter_modal_paths":"/enciclopedia,/magazine","DizionarioAdsOrizzontale":[{"_uid":"ff481c03-45fc-4190-a551-67b0f85fc845","link":{"id":"","url":"https://bit.ly/ArteCultura_TreccaniAccademia","linktype":"url","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":"https://bit.ly/ArteCultura_TreccaniAccademia"},"image":{"id":17300560,"alt":"","name":"","focus":"","title":"","source":"","filename":"https://a.storyblok.com/f/241562/990x250/9ebcb8dbb8/banner-990x250-arte-e-cultura_treccaniaccademia.png","copyright":"","fieldtype":"asset","meta_data":{},"is_external_url":false},"label":"","title":"","bgColor":"","variant":"image","component":"AdvCustom","description":"","secondaryLink":{"id":"","url":"","linktype":"story","fieldtype":"multilink","cached_url":""}}],"abbonamento_banner_title":"NAVIGA IN TUTTO IL NOSTRO SAPERE SENZA INTERRUZIONI.","newsletter_modal_content":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Inserisci la tua mail e iscriviti alla newsletter Treccani","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":""}}]},{"type":"hard_break","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":""}}]},{"text":"per ricevere aggiornamenti su tutti i nostri nuovi contenuti.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle","attrs":{"color":""}}]}]}]},"newsletter_section_label":"la newsletter treccani","newsletter_section_title":"Ogni settimana nella tua email cultura, idee e molto altro.","stickybar_abbonati_paths":"/magazine,/enciclopedia","abbonamento_banner_enable":true,"stickybar_abbonati_enable":true,"abbonamento_banner_content":"Sai che non stai fruendo appieno di tutto il sapere Treccani? Abbonati e crea un profilo Premium per accedere a tutti i nostri contenuti senza pubblicità.","newsletter_banner_right_on":false,"stickybar_abbonati_content":"Naviga in tutto il nostro sapere senza interruzioni. Abbonati per non vedere contenuti pubblicitari.","stickybar_registrati_paths":"","stickybar_registrati_enable":true,"stickybar_registrati_content":"Registrati ora per migliorare la tua esperienza utente.","newsletter_banner_right_label":"NON PERDERTI LA NEWSLETTER DI TRECCANI","abbonamento_banner_right_title":"Il Tascabile, tra divulgazione ed esperienza.","abbonamento_banner_right_enable":true,"abbonamento_banner_right_content":"Tutti gli approfondimenti,\ni temi e le interviste Treccani."},"slug":"config","full_slug":"config","sort_by_date":null,"position":10,"tag_list":[],"is_startpage":false,"parent_id":0,"meta_data":null,"group_id":"084bd6dc-fcca-45ae-8a5b-8ed17fa77594","first_published_at":"2023-07-28T11:19:41.744Z","release_id":null,"lang":"default","path":null,"alternates":[],"default_full_slug":null,"translated_slugs":null},"cv":1740438255,"rels":[],"links":[]}}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/enciclopedia/[termOrCategory]","query":{"termOrCategory":"susan-sontag"},"buildId":"Lx3Ic2_OZGtF3mXOVLv7X","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[1211],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>