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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A9" title="يوحنا غيكة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوحنا غيكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Ιόν Γκίκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιόν Γκίκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="יון גיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יון גיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Ghica" title="Ioannes Ghica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Ghica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%87" title="يوحنا جيكه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوحنا جيكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гика, Ион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гика, Ион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjon_Gjika" title="Gjon Gjika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjon Gjika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ion Ghica" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Gika" title="Yuan Gika – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yuan Gika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D2%90%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Йон Ґіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йон Ґіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q444472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ion Ghica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ion_Ghica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ion_Ghica.jpg/220px-Ion_Ghica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ion_Ghica.jpg/330px-Ion_Ghica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Ion_Ghica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="521" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 February 1866 – 10 May 1866</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 July 1866 – 21 February 1867</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Carol I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">Constantin A. Crețulescu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1870–1871</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Carol I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Manolache Costache Epureanu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Samos" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Samos">Prince of Samos</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1854–1859</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kallimachis" title="Alexandros Kallimachis">Alexandros Kallimachis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Aristarchis" title="Miltiadis Aristarchis">Miltiadis Aristarchis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1816-08-12</span>)</span>August 12, 1816<br /><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 7, 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-05-07)</span> (aged 80)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ghergani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghergani">Ghergani</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_County" title="Dâmbovița County">Dâmbovița County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">National Liberal Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">Diplomat</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ion Ghica</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[iˈon<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡika]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/81\/Ro-Ion_Ghica.ogg\/Ro-Ion_Ghica.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ro-Ion Ghica.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Ro-Ion_Ghica.ogg/Ro-Ion_Ghica.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ro-Ion_Ghica.ogg" title="File:Ro-Ion Ghica.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 12 August 1816 – 7 May 1897) was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> statesman, mathematician, diplomat and politician, who was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> five times.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a full <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Romanian_Academy" title="List of members of the Romanian Academy">member of the Romanian Academy</a> and its president many times (1876–1882, 1884–1887, 1890–1893 and 1894–1895). He was the older brother and associate of <a href="/wiki/Pantazi_Ghica" title="Pantazi Ghica">Pantazi Ghica</a>, a prolific writer and politician. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_Revolution">Early life and Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg/130px-Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg/195px-Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Ion_Ghica_-_Foto01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>He was born in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, to the prominent <a href="/wiki/Ghica_family" title="Ghica family">Ghica</a> <a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">boyar</a> family, and was the nephew of both <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Alexandru_Ghica" title="Grigore Alexandru Ghica">Grigore Alexandru Ghica</a> (who was to become <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wallachia">Prince</a> of Wallachia in the 1840s and 1850s) and <a href="/wiki/Ion_C%C3%A2mpineanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Câmpineanu">Ion Câmpineanu</a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a></i>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a>. His father was Dimitrie (Tache) Ghica and his mother – Maria née Câmpineanu. Ion Ghica was educated in Bucharest and in Western Europe, studying engineering and mathematics in Mine School of Paris (France) from 1837 to 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After finishing his studies in Paris, he left for <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and was involved in the failed <i>Frăția</i> ("Brotherhood") conspiracy of 1848, which was intended to bring about the union of Wallachia and Moldavia under one native Romanian leader, <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Sturdza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihai Sturdza">Prince Mihai Sturdza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ion Ghica became a professor on geology and mineralogy and later professor on political economy<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Academia_Mih%C4%83ilean%C4%83" title="Academia Mihăileană">Academia Mihăileană</a> which was founded by the same Prince Sturdza in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a> (future <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ia%C8%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Iași">University of Iași</a>). He is considered the first great Romanian economist. </p><p>He joined the <a href="/wiki/1848_Wallachian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 Wallachian Revolution">Wallachian revolutionary</a> camp, and, in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government">Provisional Government</a> then established in Bucharest, went to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> to approach the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Imperial</a> government;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he, <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu" title="Nicolae Bălcescu">Nicolae Bălcescu</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Magheru" title="Gheorghe Magheru">Gheorghe Magheru</a> were instrumental in mediating negotiations between the <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvanian</a> Romanian leader <a href="/wiki/Avram_Iancu" title="Avram Iancu">Avram Iancu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Habsburg_areas#Revolution_in_the_Kingdom_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas">Revolutionary government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prince_of_Samos">Prince of Samos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prince of Samos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While in Istanbul, he was appointed Bey (governor) of <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a> (1854–1859), where he proved his leadership skills by extirpating local <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">piracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (most of which was aimed at transports supplying the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>). After completing the task, Ghica was awarded the honorary title of <i>Bey of Samos</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Dynasty">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd-ul-Mejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ul-Mejid I">Abd-ul-Mejid I</a> in 1856. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_in_Romania">Political career in Romania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career in Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ion_Ghica_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ion_Ghica_02.jpg/130px-Ion_Ghica_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ion_Ghica_02.jpg/195px-Ion_Ghica_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ion_Ghica_02.jpg/260px-Ion_Ghica_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1859, after the <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">union of Moldavia and Walachia</a> had been effected, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a> asked Ion Ghica to return.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later (1866), despite being trusted by Prince Cuza, Ghica took active part in the secret grouping that secured Cuza's overthrow.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was the first prime minister under Prince of Romania (afterwards <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a>) <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol of Hohenzollern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD,_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD,_Ghimpele,_25_sept_1866.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png/220px-Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png/330px-Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png/440px-Str%C4%83lucite_padi%C8%99ah%C5%AD%2C_massala_a_Profetulu%C4%AD%2C_Ghimpele%2C_25_sept_1866.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Caricature in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghimpele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghimpele (page does not exist)">Ghimpele</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghimpele" class="extiw" title="ro:Ghimpele">ro</a>]</span> magazine, 25 September 1866, showing the former Bey of Samos bowing to Romania's Ottoman suzerain <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a>, saying: "O enlightened <a href="/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah">padishah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashallah" title="Mashallah">mashallah</a> of the Prophet, great benefactor of my humble self, how could I show you my gratitude if not by deposing my compatriots' rights at your Majesty's feet? Have mercy, my Exalted Padishah!"</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1866, Ghica became the first chairman of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Romania" title="Bank of Romania">Bank of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also noted as one of the first major <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Romania">Liberal</a> figures in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a>, and one of the leaders of the incipient <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania,_1875)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)">Liberal Party</a>. His group's <a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a>, with its boyar leadership that had engineered the defunct Revolution, surfaced as <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a> whenever Carol approached the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania,_1880%E2%80%931918)" title="Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)">Conservatives</a>; Ghica joined the anti-dynastic movement of 1870–1871 that had surfaced with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Republic of Ploiești">Republic of Ploiești</a>. The matter of the Liberals' loyalty was ultimately settled 1876, with the exceptionally long Liberal Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Ion_Br%C4%83tianu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Brătianu">Ion Brătianu</a>. In 1881, Ghica was appointed Romanian <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Minister</a> in London, an office he retained until 1889; he died in <a href="/wiki/Ghergani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghergani">Ghergani</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba_County" title="Dâmbovița County">Dâmbovița County</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, Ghica was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Macedo-Romanian_Cultural_Society" title="Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society">Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beside his political distinction, Ion Ghica earned a literary reputation by writing his <i>Letters</i>, addressed to <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri</a>, his lifelong friend. Conceived and written during his residency in London, the letters depict the ancestral stage of Romanian society, as it appeared to be fading away.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also the author of <i>Amintiri din pribegie</i> ("Recollections from Exile"), in 1848, and of <i>Convorbiri Economice</i> ("Conversations on Economics"), dealing with major economic issues. He was the first to advocate the favoring of local initiatives over foreign investments in industry and commerce – to a certain extent, this took the form of <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a characteristic of the Liberal Party throughout the coming period, and until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three times after 1862 and twice between 1859 and 1862, when the United Principalities of Moldova and Wallachia had two parallel governments albeit being one single vassal state.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaster1911">Gaster 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anastasie Iordache, <i>Ion Ghica diplomatul şi omul politic</i>. Editura MAJADAHONDA, București, 1995, p. 25, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-96726-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/973-96726-2-0">973-96726-2-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuxandra_Bratu2021" class="citation web cs1">Ruxandra Bratu (17 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903095138/https://www.agerpres.ro/documentare/2021/02/17/anul-1866-in-istoria-romaniei-incepe-sa-functioneze-banca-romaniei-devenita-ulterior-bank-of-roumania-ltd--662719">"#Anul 1866 în istoria României: Începe să funcţioneze Banca României, devenită ulterior Bank of Roumania Ltd"</a>. <i>Agrepres</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agerpres.ro/documentare/2021/02/17/anul-1866-in-istoria-romaniei-incepe-sa-functioneze-banca-romaniei-devenita-ulterior-bank-of-roumania-ltd--662719">the original</a> on 2022-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agrepres&rft.atitle=%23Anul+1866+%C3%AEn+istoria+Rom%C3%A2niei%3A+%C3%8Encepe+s%C4%83+func%C5%A3ioneze+Banca+Rom%C3%A2niei%2C+devenit%C4%83+ulterior+Bank+of+Roumania+Ltd.&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft.au=Ruxandra+Bratu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agerpres.ro%2Fdocumentare%2F2021%2F02%2F17%2Fanul-1866-in-istoria-romaniei-incepe-sa-functioneze-banca-romaniei-devenita-ulterior-bank-of-roumania-ltd--662719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIon+Ghica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCândroveanu1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hristu_C%C3%A2ndroveanu" title="Hristu Cândroveanu">Cândroveanu, Hristu</a> (1985). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kira_Mantsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kira Mantsu (page does not exist)">Iorgoveanu, Kira</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Un-veac-de-poezie-aromana.pdf"><i>Un veac de poezie aromână</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/Cartea_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" title="Cartea Românească">Cartea Românească</a>. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+veac+de+poezie+arom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Cartea+Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=C%C3%A2ndroveanu&rft.aufirst=Hristu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdinitrandu.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FUn-veac-de-poezie-aromana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIon+Ghica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Ghica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaster1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Gaster, Moses</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ghica"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ghica">"Ghica" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 922.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ghica&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=922&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Gaster&rft.aufirst=Moses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIon+Ghica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaminaBulei1994" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mamina, Ion; Bulei, Ion (1994), <i>Guverne și guvernanți (1866–1916)</i> (in Romanian), București: Silex Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guverne+%C8%99i+guvernan%C8%9Bi+%281866%E2%80%931916%29&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Silex+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Mamina&rft.aufirst=Ion&rft.au=Bulei%2C+Ion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIon+Ghica" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeagoe1995" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Neagoe, Stelian (1995), <i>Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995</i> (in Romanian), București: Machiavelli Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istoria+guvernelor+Rom%C3%A2niei+de+la+%C3%AEnceputuri+%E2%80%93+1859+p%C3%A2n%C4%83+%C3%AEn+zilele+noastre+%E2%80%93+1995&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Machiavelli+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Neagoe&rft.aufirst=Stelian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIon+Ghica" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ion_Ghica" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ion Ghica">Ion Ghica</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Romanian <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="ro" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ro:Author:Ion_Ghica" class="extiw" title="s:ro:Author:Ion Ghica">Ion Ghica (original works in Romanian)</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kallimachis" title="Alexandros Kallimachis">Alexandros Kallimachis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Samos" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Samos">Prince of Samos</a> </b><br />1854–1859 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Aristarchis" title="Miltiadis Aristarchis">Miltiadis Aristarchis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Sturdza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Sturdza (page does not exist)">Vasile Sturdza</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a><br />Moldovan Government </b><br />March 8, 1859 – April 27, 1859 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Manolache Costache Epureanu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a><br />Wallachian Government </b><br />October 11, 1859 – May 28, 1860 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> </b><br />February 11, 1866 – May 10, 1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> </b><br />July 15, 1866 – February 21, 1867 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">Constantin A. Crețulescu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Manolache Costache Epureanu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> </b><br />December 18, 1870 – March 11, 1871 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">B. Catargiu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Arsache</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Bosianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">C. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">N. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">D. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">A. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania"><img alt="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">D. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Manu" title="Gheorghe Manu">Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino"> Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Maiorescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman"> Marghiloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Văitoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbey" title="Barbu Știrbey">Știrbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintil%C4%83_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Vintilă Brătianu"> V. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Duca" title="Ion G. Duca">Duca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Angelescu" title="Constantin Angelescu">Angelescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania">Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Călinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Arge%C8%99anu" title="Gheorghe Argeșanu">Argeșanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Sănătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_R%C4%83descu" title="Nicolae Rădescu">Rădescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">R.P.R.—R.S.R.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Stoica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manea_M%C4%83nescu" title="Manea Mănescu">Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Verde%C8%9B" title="Ilie Verdeț">Verdeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_D%C4%83sc%C4%83lescu" title="Constantin Dăscălescu">Dăscălescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Romania since 1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Stolojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Văcăroiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea" title="Victor Ciorbea">Ciorbea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Dejeu" title="Gavril Dejeu">Dejeu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Vasile" title="Radu Vasile">Vasile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Athanasiu" title="Alexandru Athanasiu">Athanasiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu" title="Mugur Isărescu">Isărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Năstase</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Bejinariu" title="Eugen Bejinariu">Bejinariu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Boc" title="Emil Boc">Boc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_R%C4%83zvan_Ungureanu" title="Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu">Ungureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorin_C%C3%AEmpeanu" title="Sorin Cîmpeanu">Cîmpeanu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorin_Grindeanu" title="Sorin Grindeanu">Grindeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Tudose" title="Mihai Tudose">Tudose</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Fifor" title="Mihai Fifor">Fifor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viorica_D%C4%83ncil%C4%83" title="Viorica Dăncilă">Dăncilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Orban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu" title="Florin Cîțu">Cîțu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Ad_interim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad interim">ad interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> office holders. <b>Bold</b> indicates current office holder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interior_Ministers_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interior_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Template:Interior Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interior_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Interior Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interior_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interior Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interior_Ministers_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania)">Interior Ministers of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">United Principalities</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Principality of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">B. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Arsache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Bosianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">D. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_I._Arion" title="Anton I. Arion">A. Arion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">A. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Vernescu" title="George D. Vernescu">Vernescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._A._Rosetti" title="C. A. Rosetti">C. A. Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastase_Stolojan" title="Anastase Stolojan">Stolojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Teriachiu" title="Alexandru Teriachiu">Teriachiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugeniu_St%C4%83tescu" title="Eugeniu Stătescu">Stătescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Chi%C8%9Bu" title="Gheorghe Chițu">Chițu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Mihai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Mihai (page does not exist)">Mihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Nacu" title="Constantin Nacu">Nacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">T. Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_B._%C8%98tirbei" title="Alexandru B. Știrbei">Știrbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Manu" title="Gheorghe Manu">Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Fleva" title="Nicolae Fleva">Fleva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Lasc%C4%83r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasile Lascăr (page does not exist)">Lascăr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Pherekyde" title="Mihail Pherekyde">Pherekyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ol%C4%83nescu" title="Constantin Olănescu">Olănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Pallade" title="George D. Pallade">Pallade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiru_Haret" title="Spiru Haret">Haret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">I. I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman">Marghiloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_C._Arion" title="Constantin C. Arion">C. Arion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">T. Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Mor%C8%9Bun" title="Vasile Morțun">Morțun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_C._Constantinescu" title="Alexandru C. Constantinescu">Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%9Beanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Sărățeanu (page does not exist)">Sărățeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Văitoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gh._M%C3%A2rzescu" title="Gheorghe Gh. Mârzescu">Mârzescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurel_Vlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurel Vlad (page does not exist)">Vlad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_L._Lupu" title="Nicolae L. Lupu">Lupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C%C4%83m%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99escu" title="Ion Cămărășescu">Cămărășescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbey" title="Barbu Știrbey">Știrbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Duca" title="Ion G. Duca">Duca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Popovici" title="Mihai Popovici">Popovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihalache" title="Ion Mihalache">Mihalache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Incule%C8%9B" title="Ion Inculeț">Inculeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Iuca" title="Dumitru Iuca">Iuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Franasovici" title="Richard Franasovici">Franasovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Călinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marinescu" title="Gabriel Marinescu">Marinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Ottescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Ottescu (page does not exist)">Ottescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ghelmegeanu" title="Mihail Ghelmegeanu">Ghelmegeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Popescu" title="David Popescu">David Popescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Petrovicescu" title="Constantin Petrovicescu">Petrovicescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitrie_I._Popescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitrie I. Popescu (page does not exist)">Dumitru Popescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Aldea" title="Aurel Aldea">Aldea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Penescu" title="Nicolae Penescu">Penescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Sănătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_R%C4%83descu" title="Nicolae Rădescu">Rădescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teohari_Georgescu" title="Teohari Georgescu">Georgescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teohari_Georgescu" title="Teohari Georgescu">Georgescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Dr%C4%83ghici" title="Alexandru Drăghici">Drăghici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C8%98tefan" title="Pavel Ștefan">Ștefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Dr%C4%83ghici" title="Alexandru Drăghici">Drăghici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornel_Onescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornel Onescu (page does not exist)">Onescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_St%C4%83nescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Stănescu (page does not exist)">Stănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bobu" title="Emil Bobu">Bobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Coman" title="Teodor Coman">Coman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Homo%C8%99tean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Homoștean (page does not exist)">Homoștean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Postelnicu" title="Tudor Postelnicu">Postelnicu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania since 1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Chi%C8%9Bac" title="Mihai Chițac">Chițac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doru-Viorel_Ursu" title="Doru-Viorel Ursu">Ursu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Babiuc" title="Victor Babiuc">Babiuc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_D%C4%83nescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Dănescu (page does not exist)">Dănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru_Ioan_T%C4%83r%C4%83cil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru Ioan Tărăcilă (page does not exist)">Tărăcilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Dejeu" title="Gavril Dejeu">Dejeu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Dudu_Ionescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Dudu Ionescu (page does not exist)">C. Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Rus" title="Ioan Rus">Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marian_S%C4%83niu%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marian Săniuță (page does not exist)">Săniuță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Blaga" title="Vasile Blaga">Blaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_David_(politician)" title="Cristian David (politician)">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liviu_Dragnea" title="Liviu Dragnea">Dragnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Nica" title="Dan Nica">Nica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Blaga" title="Vasile Blaga">Blaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traian_Iga%C8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traian Igaș (page does not exist)">Igaș</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Berca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Berca (page does not exist)">Berca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Rus" title="Ioan Rus">Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Du%C8%99a" title="Mircea Dușa">Dușa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Stroe" title="Radu Stroe">Stroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Tob%C4%83" title="Petre Tobă">Tobă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drago%C8%99_Tudorache" title="Dragoș Tudorache">Tudorache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Dan" title="Carmen Dan">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Moga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Moga (page does not exist)">Moga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Vela" title="Marcel Vela">Vela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Bode" title="Lucian Bode">Bode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_Ministers_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Template:Foreign Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Foreign Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_Ministers_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Foreign Ministers of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">United Principalities</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Principality of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Arsache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Cantacuzino_(minister)" title="Alexandru Cantacuzino (minister)">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Grigore_Ghica" title="Ioan Grigore Ghica">I. G. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Rosetti-B%C4%83l%C4%83nescu" title="Nicolae Rosetti-Bălănescu">Rosetti-Bălănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Papadopol-Calimah" title="Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah">Papadopol-Calimah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Mavrogheni" title="Petre Mavrogheni">Mavrogheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barbu_%C8%98tirbei" title="George Barbu Știrbei">Știrbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Teriachiu" title="Alexandru Teriachiu">Teriachiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">N. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">D. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Calimachi-Catargiu" title="Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu">Calimachi-Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">A. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Calimachi-Catargiu" title="Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu">Calimachi-Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Costa-Foru" class="mw-redirect" title="Gheorghe Costa-Foru">Costa-Foru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Boerescu" title="Vasile Boerescu">Boerescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_B%C4%83l%C4%83ceanu" title="Ion Bălăceanu">Ion Bălăceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cornea" title="Dimitrie Cornea">Cornea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ionescu" title="Nicolae Ionescu">Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C%C3%A2mpineanu" title="Ion I. Câmpineanu">Câmpineanu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C%C3%A2mpineanu" title="Ion I. Câmpineanu">Câmpineanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Boerescu" title="Vasile Boerescu">Boerescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Boerescu" title="Vasile Boerescu">Boerescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">D. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugeniu_St%C4%83tescu" title="Eugeniu Stătescu">Stătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C%C3%A2mpineanu" title="Ion I. Câmpineanu">Câmpineanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Pherekyde" title="Mihail Pherekyde">Pherekyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lahovary" title="Alexandru Lahovary">A. Lahovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Esarcu" title="Constantin Esarcu">Esarcu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lahovary" title="Alexandru Lahovary">A. Lahovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stoicescu" title="Constantin Stoicescu">Stoicescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Lahovary" title="Ioan Lahovary">Ioan Lahovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman">Marghiloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Lahovary" title="Iacob Lahovary">Iacob Lahovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Lahovary" title="Ioan Lahovary">Ioan Lahovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Djuvara" title="Alexandru Djuvara">Djuvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Maiorescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanoil_Porumbaru" title="Emanoil Porumbaru">Porumbaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_C._Arion" title="Constantin C. Arion">Arion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Văitoianu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Mi%C8%99u" title="Nicolae Mișu">Mișu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duiliu_Zamfirescu" title="Duiliu Zamfirescu">Zamfirescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Derussi" title="Gheorghe Derussi">Derussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Duca" title="Ion G. Duca">Duca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mitilineu" title="Ion Mitilineu">Mitilineu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbey" title="Barbu Știrbey">Știrbey</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Titulescu" title="Nicolae Titulescu">Titulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mihalache" title="Ion Mihalache">Mihalache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_I._Ghika" title="Dimitrie I. Ghika">D. Ghika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Titulescu" title="Nicolae Titulescu">Titulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Titulescu" title="Nicolae Titulescu">Titulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Antonescu" title="Victor Antonescu">V. Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrate_Micescu" title="Istrate Micescu">Micescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Petrescu-Comnen" title="Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen">Petrescu-Comnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Gafencu" title="Grigore Gafencu">Gafencu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Manoilescu" title="Mihail Manoilescu">Manoilescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sturdza" title="Michel Sturdza">M. Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">I. Antonescu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Antonescu" title="Mihai Antonescu">M. Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Niculescu-Buze%C8%99ti" title="Grigore Niculescu-Buzești">Niculescu-Buzești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Vi%C8%99oianu" title="Constantin Vișoianu">Vișoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Pauker" title="Ana Pauker">Pauker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simion_Bughici" title="Simion Bughici">Bughici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Preoteasa" title="Grigore Preoteasa">Preoteasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Bunaciu" title="Avram Bunaciu">Bunaciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_M%C4%83nescu" title="Corneliu Mănescu">Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Macovescu" title="George Macovescu">Macovescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Andrei" title="Ștefan Andrei">Andrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_V%C4%83duva" title="Ilie Văduva">Văduva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Totu" title="Ioan Totu">Totu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Stoian" title="Ion Stoian">Stoian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania since 1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergiu_Celac" title="Sergiu Celac">Celac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Năstase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Meleșcanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Severin" title="Adrian Severin">Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Ple%C8%99u" title="Andrei Pleșu">Pleșu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Geoan%C4%83" title="Mircea Geoană">Geoană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_R%C4%83zvan_Ungureanu" title="Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu">Ungureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz%C4%83r_Com%C4%83nescu" title="Lazăr Comănescu">Comănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Diaconescu" title="Cristian Diaconescu">Diaconescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Baconschi" title="Teodor Baconschi">Baconschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Diaconescu" title="Cristian Diaconescu">Diaconescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Marga" title="Andrei Marga">Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Corl%C4%83%C8%9Bean" title="Titus Corlățean">Corlățean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Meleșcanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Aurescu" title="Bogdan Aurescu">Aurescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz%C4%83r_Com%C4%83nescu" title="Lazăr Comănescu">Comănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Meleșcanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramona_M%C4%83nescu" title="Ramona Mănescu">Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Aurescu" title="Bogdan Aurescu">Aurescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumini%C8%9Ba_Odobescu" title="Luminița Odobescu">Obdobescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>* denotes interim</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px&#124;border_Princes_of_Samos_22px&#124;border" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Samos" title="Template:Princes of Samos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Samos" title="Template talk:Princes of Samos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Samos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Samos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px&#124;border_Princes_of_Samos_22px&#124;border" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_(1834%E2%80%931912).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Princes of Samos</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_(1834%E2%80%931912).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/22px-Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/33px-Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg/44px-Princely_Flag_of_the_Principality_of_Samos_%281834%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Bogoridi" title="Stefan Bogoridi">Stefan Bogoridi</a> (1833–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kallimachis" title="Alexandros Kallimachis">Alexandros Kallimachis</a> (1850–54)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ion Ghica</a> (1854–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Aristarchis" title="Miltiadis Aristarchis">Miltiadis Aristarchis</a> (1859–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Mousouros" title="Pavlos Mousouros">Pavlos Mousouros</a> (1866–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Georgiadis_(Prince_of_Samos)" title="Georgios Georgiadis (Prince of Samos)">Georgios Georgiadis</a> (acting, 1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Adosidis" title="Konstantinos Adosidis">Konstantinos Adosidis</a> (1873–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Photiadis" title="Konstantinos Photiadis">Konstantinos Photiadis</a> (1874–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Adosidis" title="Konstantinos Adosidis">Konstantinos Adosidis</a> (1879–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Karatheodori_Pasha" title="Alexander Karatheodori Pasha">Alexandros Karatheodoris</a> (1885–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berovich" title="George Berovich">George Berovich</a> (1895–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Mousouros" title="Stephanos Mousouros">Stephanos Mousouros</a> (1896–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Vagianis" title="Konstantinos Vagianis">Konstantinos Vagianis</a> (1899–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michail_Grigoriadis" title="Michail Grigoriadis">Michail Grigoriadis</a> (1900–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrogenis" title="Alexandros Mavrogenis">Alexandros Mavrogenis</a> (1902–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Vithynos" title="Ioannis Vithynos">Ioannis Vithynos</a> (1904–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karatheodoris" title="Konstantinos Karatheodoris">Konstantinos Karatheodoris</a> (1906–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Georgiadis_(Prince_of_Samos)" title="Georgios Georgiadis (Prince of Samos)">Georgios Georgiadis</a> (1907–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kopasis" title="Andreas Kopasis">Andreas Kopasis</a> (1908–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorios_Vegleris" title="Grigorios Vegleris">Grigorios Vegleris</a> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Principality_of_Samos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barbu_Catargiu_cabinet_(January_22_-_June_24,_1862)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barbu_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Template:Barbu Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barbu_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Barbu Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barbu_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barbu Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barbu_Catargiu_cabinet_(January_22_-_June_24,_1862)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu_cabinet" title="Barbu Catargiu cabinet">Barbu Catargiu cabinet</a> (January 22 - June 24, 1862)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">Barbu Catargiu</a> , <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Apostol Arsache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_N._Br%C4%83iloiu" title="Constantin N. Brăiloiu">Constantin N. Brăiloiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cornea" title="Dimitrie Cornea">Dimitrie Cornea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice (Romania)">Justice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Constantin_Moruzi" title="Alexandru Constantin Moruzi">Alexandru C. Moruzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Bal%C8%99" title="Grigore Balș">Grigore Balș</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Catargi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Catargi (page does not exist)">Alexandru Catargi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Ghica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Ghica (page does not exist)">Theodor Ghica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Finance_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Grigore_Ghica" title="Ioan Grigore Ghica">Ioan Grigore Ghica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense (Romania)">War</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Apostol Arsache</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministers of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">Barbu Catargiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cornea" title="Dimitrie Cornea">Dimitrie Cornea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Emanoil_Florescu" title="Alexandru Emanoil Florescu">Alexandru Em. Florescu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport,_Constructions_and_Tourism_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism (Romania)">Public Works</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">Barbu Catargiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Apostol Arsache</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_Ministers_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Romanian Ministers of the Interior">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Bal%C8%99" title="Grigore Balș">Grigore Balș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbu_Bellu" title="Barbu Bellu">Barbu Bellu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Research_and_Innovation_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation (Romania)">Religion and Public Instruction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Apostol Arsache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Emanoil_Florescu" title="Alexandru Emanoil Florescu">Alexandru Em. Florescu</a> (Control)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Lascăr_Catargiu_cabinet_(24_May_1866_-_25_July_1866)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Template:First Lascăr Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Template talk:First Lascăr Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Lascăr Catargiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Lascăr_Catargiu_cabinet_(24_May_1866_-_25_July_1866)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu_cabinet" title="First Lascăr Catargiu cabinet">First Lascăr Catargiu cabinet</a> (24 May 1866 - 25 July 1866)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ministers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Cantacuzino" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion C. Cantacuzino">Ion C. Cantacuzino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice (Romania)">Justice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ion_Br%C4%83tianu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Finance_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)">Finance</a>)</dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ion Ghica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense (Romania)">War</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petre_Mavrogheni" title="Petre Mavrogheni">Petre Mavrogheni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Romania)">Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administration_and_Interior_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania)">Interior</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._A._Rosetti" title="C. A. Rosetti">C. A. Rosetti</a> (Religion and Public Instruction)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Romanian_Academy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanian_Academy_presidents" title="Template:Romanian Academy presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanian_Academy_presidents" title="Template talk:Romanian Academy presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_Academy_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian Academy presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Romanian_Academy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian Academy (1876-1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade Rădulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">Laurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">Laurian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bari%C8%9B" title="George Bariț">Bariț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Poni" title="Petru Poni">Poni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Kalinderu" title="Ioan Kalinderu">Kalinderu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny">Saligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Istrati" title="Constantin Istrati">Istrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Poni" title="Petru Poni">Poni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Onciul" title="Dimitrie Onciul">Onciul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Bianu" title="Ioan Bianu">Bianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Mrazek" title="Ludovic Mrazek">Mrazek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lapedatu" title="Alexandru Lapedatu">Lapedatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_R%C4%83dulescu-Motru" title="Constantin Rădulescu-Motru">Rădulescu-Motru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Th._Simionescu" title="Ion Th. Simionescu">I. Simionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti" title="Dimitrie Gusti">Gusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Andrei Rădulescu">Rădulescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academy of the Romanian<br />People's/Socialist Republic (1948-1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traian_S%C4%83vulescu" title="Traian Săvulescu">Săvulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Joja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Joja (page does not exist)">Joja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_G._Murgulescu" title="Ilie G. Murgulescu">Murgulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miron_Nicolescu" title="Miron Nicolescu">Nicolescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98erban_%C8%9Ai%C8%9Beica" title="Șerban Țițeica">Țițeica</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Burghele" title="Theodor Burghele">Burghele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristofor_Simionescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristofor Simionescu (page does not exist)">C. Simionescu</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mihoc" title="Gheorghe Mihoc">Mihoc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Anton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Anton (page does not exist)">Anton</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Voinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Voinea (page does not exist)">Voinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian Academy (1990-)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83nescu" title="Mihai Drăgănescu">Drăgănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgiliu_N._Constantinescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgiliu N. Constantinescu (page does not exist)">Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Simion" title="Eugen Simion">Simion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionel_Haiduc" title="Ionel Haiduc">Haiduc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionel_Valentin_Vlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionel Valentin Vlad (page does not exist)">Vlad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Hera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Hera (page does not exist)">Hera</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan-Aurel_Pop" title="Ioan-Aurel Pop">Pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444472#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117565946">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31988119">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/220790/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymyYmMm6VhcBVMg8fH4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119314762">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87151658">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108026569">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108026569">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20031111032&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p130584134">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810568986805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007450613805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18239435?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119314762.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119314762">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/074439952">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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