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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Rumana" title="Academia Rumana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia Rumana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Акадэмія Румыніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акадэмія Румыніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румънска академия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Румънска академия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Romanesa" title="Acadèmia Romanesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Romanesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunsk%C3%A1_akademie" title="Rumunská akademie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rumunská akademie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nische_Akademie" title="Rumänische Akademie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rumänische Akademie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Rumana" title="Academia Rumana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Rumana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumana_Akademio" title="Rumana Akademio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rumana Akademio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errumaniar_Akademia" title="Errumaniar Akademia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errumaniar Akademia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_roumaine" title="Académie roumaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie roumaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռումինական ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռումինական ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_romena" title="Accademia romena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Accademia romena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האקדמיה הרומנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקדמיה הרומנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Dacoromana" title="Academia Dacoromana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Academia Dacoromana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Romanian" title="Academia Romanian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Academia Romanian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Akad%C3%A9mia" title="Román Akadémia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Román Akadémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roemeense_Academie" title="Roemeense Academie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roemeense Academie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB%E9%99%A2" title="ルーマニア学士院 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーマニア学士院" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_rumenske_akademi" title="Det rumenske akademi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det rumenske akademi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Academia Română – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Academia Română" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Romena" title="Academia Romena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia Romena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Academia Română – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Academia Română" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румынская академия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Румынская академия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nska_akademien" title="Rumänska akademien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rumänska akademien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanya_Akademisi" title="Romanya Akademisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Romanya Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Румунська академія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Румунська академія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_H%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Viện Hàn lâm România – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện Hàn lâm România" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q901677#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Romanian_Academy&params=44_26_46.83_N_26_5_24.02_E_region:RO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°26′46.83″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°5′24.02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.4463417°N 26.0900056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.4463417; 26.0900056</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academy of science</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Academia Română</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Romanian_Academy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Logo_of_the_Romanian_Academy.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Academia_Romana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Academia_Romana.jpg/220px-Academia_Romana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Academia_Romana.jpg/330px-Academia_Romana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Academia_Romana.jpg/440px-Academia_Romana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">April 1, 1866<span class="noprint">; 158 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1866-04-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Calea_Victoriei" title="Calea Victoriei">Calea Victoriei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></span>, <span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Romanian_Academy&params=44_26_46.83_N_26_5_24.02_E_region:RO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°26′46.83″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°5′24.02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.4463417°N 26.0900056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.4463417; 26.0900056</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ioan-Aurel_Pop" title="Ioan-Aurel Pop">Ioan-Aurel Pop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice presidents</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marius_Andruh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marius Andruh (page does not exist)">Marius Andruh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Dumitru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Dumitru (page does not exist)">Mircea Dumitru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Murariu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Murariu (page does not exist)">Dumitru Murariu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae-Victor_Zamfir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae-Victor Zamfir (page does not exist)">Nicolae-Victor Zamfir</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">General Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I._Dumitrache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I. Dumitrache (page does not exist)">I. Dumitrache</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acad.ro/">acad<wbr />.ro</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Romanian Academy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Academia Română</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[akadeˈmi.a<span class="wrap"> </span>roˈmɨnə]</a></span>) is a cultural forum founded in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. </p><p>According to its <a href="/wiki/Bylaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Bylaws">bylaws</a>, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Romanian literature</a>, the study of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">national history of Romania</a> and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionarul_explicativ_al_limbii_rom%C3%A2ne" title="Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române">Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române</a></i>), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Academy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the initiative of <a href="/wiki/C._A._Rosetti" title="C. A. Rosetti">C. A. Rosetti</a>, the Academy was founded on April 1, 1866, as <i>Societatea Literară Română</i>. The founding members were illustrious members of the Romanian society of the age. </p><p>The name changed to <i>Societatea Academică Romînă</i> in 1867, and finally to <i>Academia Română</i> in 1879, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a>. </p><p>The founding members of the Academy: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th class="unsortable">Name</th> <th>Born</th> <th>Province</th> <th>Age at founding</th> <th>Died</th> <th>Member for</th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri</a></td> <td>21 July 1821</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004163250000000000♠"></span>44 years, 254 days</td> <td>22 August 1890</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003890900000000000♠"></span>24 years, 143 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vincen%C8%9Biu_Babe%C8%99" title="Vincențiu Babeș">Vincențiu Babeș</a></td> <td>21 January 1821</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004165060000000000♠"></span>45 years, 70 days</td> <td>22 January 1907</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004149050000000000♠"></span>40 years, 296 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Bari%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="George Barițiu">George Barițiu</a></td> <td>4 June 1812</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004196590000000000♠"></span>53 years, 301 days</td> <td>2 May 1893</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003989300000000000♠"></span>27 years, 31 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan_D._Caragiani" title="Ioan D. Caragiani">Ioan D. Caragiani</a></td> <td>11 February 1841</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003918000000000000♠"></span>25 years, 49 days</td> <td>13 January 1921</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004200100000000000♠"></span>54 years, 287 days</td> <td>Aromanian </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Timotei_Cipariu" title="Timotei Cipariu">Timotei Cipariu</a></td> <td>21 February 1805</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004223190000000000♠"></span>61 years, 39 days</td> <td>3 September 1887</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003782500000000000♠"></span>21 years, 155 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cozacovici" title="Dimitrie Cozacovici">Dimitrie Cozacovici</a></td> <td>1790</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004278480000000000♠"></span>76 years, 90 days<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>31 August 1868</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002883000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 152 days</td> <td>Unknown date of birth <br />Aromanian </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ambrosiu_Dimitrovici" title="Ambrosiu Dimitrovici">Ambrosiu Dimitrovici</a></td> <td>20 July 1838</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bucovina</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004101170000000000♠"></span>27 years, 255 days</td> <td>3 July 1866</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001930000000000000♠"></span>93 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Gonata" title="Ștefan Gonata">Ștefan Gonata</a></td> <td>1 February 1838</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Basarabia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004102860000000000♠"></span>28 years, 59 days</td> <td>18 September 1896</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004111280000000000♠"></span>30 years, 170 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_H%C3%A2jdeu" title="Alexandru Hâjdeu">Alexandru Hâjdeu</a></td> <td>30 November 1811</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Basarabia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004198460000000000♠"></span>54 years, 122 days</td> <td>9 November 1872</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003241400000000000♠"></span>6 years, 222 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Ion Heliade Rădulescu</a></td> <td>6 January 1802</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Țara Românească</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004234610000000000♠"></span>64 years, 85 days</td> <td>27 April 1872</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003221800000000000♠"></span>6 years, 26 days</td> <td>First President of the Academy </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Hodo%C8%99iu" title="Iosif Hodoșiu">Iosif Hodoș</a></td> <td>20 October 1829</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004133120000000000♠"></span>36 years, 163 days</td> <td>28 November 1880</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003535500000000000♠"></span>14 years, 241 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Hurmuzaki" title="Alexandru Hurmuzaki">Alexandru Hurmuzaki</a></td> <td>16 August 1823</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bucovina</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004155690000000000♠"></span>42 years, 228 days</td> <td>8 March 1871</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003180200000000000♠"></span>4 years, 341 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ionescu" title="Nicolae Ionescu">Nicolae Ionescu</a></td> <td>1820</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004168920000000000♠"></span>46 years, 90 days<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>24 January 1905</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004141770000000000♠"></span>38 years, 298 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">August Treboniu Laurian</a></td> <td>17 July 1810</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004203470000000000♠"></span>55 years, 258 days</td> <td>25 February 1881</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003544400000000000♠"></span>14 years, 330 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Titu Maiorescu</a></td> <td>15 February 1840</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Țara Românească</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003954200000000000♠"></span>26 years, 45 days</td> <td>18 June 1917</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004187050000000000♠"></span>51 years, 78 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/I._C._Massim" title="I. C. Massim">I. C. Massim</a></td> <td>1825</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Țara Românească</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004150650000000000♠"></span>41 years, 90 days<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1877</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003392800000000000♠"></span>10 years, 275 days</td> <td>No known date of birth/death </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Mocioni" title="Andrei Mocioni">Andrei Mocioni</a></td> <td>27 June 1812</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004196360000000000♠"></span>53 years, 278 days</td> <td>23 April 1880</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003513600000000000♠"></span>14 years, 22 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gavriil_Munteanu" title="Gavriil Munteanu">Gavriil Munteanu</a></td> <td>February 1812</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004197830000000000♠"></span>54 years, 59 days</td> <td>17 December 1869</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003135600000000000♠"></span>3 years, 260 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costache_Negruzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Costache Negruzzi">Costache Negruzzi</a></td> <td>1808</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004212750000000000♠"></span>58 years, 90 days</td> <td>24 August 1868</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002876000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 145 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Roman" title="Alexandru Roman">Alexandru Roman</a></td> <td>26 November 1826</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004143710000000000♠"></span>39 years, 126 days</td> <td>15 September 1897</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004114900000000000♠"></span>31 years, 167 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/C._A._Rosetti" title="C. A. Rosetti">C. A. Rosetti</a></td> <td>2 June 1816</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Țara Românească</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004182000000000000♠"></span>49 years, 303 days</td> <td>8 April 1885</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003694700000000000♠"></span>19 years, 7 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Sbiera" title="Ion G. Sbiera">Ion G. Sbiera</a></td> <td>1 November 1835</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bucovina</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004111090000000000♠"></span>30 years, 151 days</td> <td>22 October 1916</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004184660000000000♠"></span>50 years, 204 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Stamati" title="Constantin Stamati">Constantin Stamati</a></td> <td>1786</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Basarabia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004293090000000000♠"></span>80 years, 90 days</td> <td>12 September 1869</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003126000000000000♠"></span>3 years, 164 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Str%C4%83jescu" title="Ioan Străjescu">Ioan Străjescu</a></td> <td>1833</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Basarabia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004121430000000000♠"></span>33 years, 90 days</td> <td>1873</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003246700000000000♠"></span>6 years, 275 days</td> <td>No known date of birth/death </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Urechea-Alexandrescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasile Urechea-Alexandrescu">Vasile Urechea-Alexandrescu</a></td> <td>15 February 1834</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004117330000000000♠"></span>32 years, 45 days</td> <td>21 November 1901</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004130170000000000♠"></span>35 years, 234 days</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The Presidents of the Academy: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th class="unsortable">Name</th> <th>Term began</th> <th>Term ended</th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Ion Heliade Rădulescu</a></td> <td>1867</td> <td>1870</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">August Treboniu Laurian</a></td> <td>1870</td> <td>1872</td> <td>first term </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a></td> <td>1872</td> <td>1873</td> <td>first term </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>August Treboniu Laurian</td> <td>1873</td> <td>1876</td> <td>second term </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ion Ghica</a></td> <td>1876</td> <td>1882</td> <td>first term </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_A._Sturdza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitrie A. Sturdza">Dimitrie A. Sturdza</a></td> <td>1882</td> <td>1884</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Ion Ghica</td> <td>1884</td> <td>1887</td> <td>second term </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></td> <td>1887</td> <td>1890</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Ion Ghica</td> <td>1890</td> <td>1893</td> <td>third term </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Bari%C8%9B" title="George Bariț">George Bariț</a></td> <td>5 April 1893</td> <td>2 May 1893</td> <td>died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iacob_C._Negruzzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacob C. Negruzzi">Iacob C. Negruzzi</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>1894</td> <td>first term </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Ion Ghica</td> <td>1894</td> <td>1895</td> <td>fourth term </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Nicolae Crețulescu</td> <td>1895</td> <td>1898</td> <td>second term </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petru_Poni" title="Petru Poni">Petru Poni</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>1901</td> <td>first term </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Petre S. Aurelian</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>1904</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Kalinderu" title="Ioan Kalinderu">Ioan Kalinderu</a></td> <td>1904</td> <td>1907</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny">Anghel Saligny</a></td> <td>1907</td> <td>1910</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Iacob C. Negruzzi</td> <td>1910</td> <td>1913</td> <td>second term </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantin_I._Istrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin I. Istrati">Constantin I. Istrati</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>1916</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>Petru Poni</td> <td>1916</td> <td>1920</td> <td>second term </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Onciul" title="Dimitrie Onciul">Dimitrie Onciul</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>1923</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>Iacob C. Negruzzi</td> <td>1923</td> <td>1926</td> <td>third term </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Emil Racoviță</a></td> <td>1926</td> <td>1929</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Bianu" title="Ioan Bianu">Ioan Bianu</a></td> <td>1929</td> <td>1932</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Mrazek" title="Ludovic Mrazek">Ludovic Mrazek</a></td> <td>1932</td> <td>1935</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lapedatu" title="Alexandru Lapedatu">Alexandru Lapedatu</a></td> <td>1935</td> <td>1938</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantin_R%C4%83dulescu-Motru" title="Constantin Rădulescu-Motru">Constantin Rădulescu-Motru</a></td> <td>1938</td> <td>1941</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_Th._Simionescu" title="Ion Th. Simionescu">Ion Th. Simionescu</a></td> <td>1941</td> <td>1944</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti" title="Dimitrie Gusti">Dimitrie Gusti</a></td> <td>1944</td> <td>1946</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrei_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Andrei Rădulescu">Andrei Rădulescu</a></td> <td>1946</td> <td>12 August 1948</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Traian_S%C4%83vulescu" title="Traian Săvulescu">Traian Săvulescu</a></td> <td>12 August 1948</td> <td>23 December 1959</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Joja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Joja (page does not exist)">Athanase Joja</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>1963</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilie_G._Murgulescu" title="Ilie G. Murgulescu">Ilie G. Murgulescu</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td>1966</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miron_Nicolescu" title="Miron Nicolescu">Miron Nicolescu</a></td> <td>8 April 1966</td> <td>30 June 1975</td> <td>died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C8%98erban_%C8%9Ai%C8%9Beica" title="Șerban Țițeica">Șerban Țițeica</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>1976</td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Burghele" title="Theodor Burghele">Theodor Burghele</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>3 June 1977</td> <td>died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristofor_Simionescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristofor Simionescu (page does not exist)">Cristofor Simionescu</a></td> <td>3 June 1977</td> <td>19 March 1980</td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mihoc" title="Gheorghe Mihoc">Gheorghe Mihoc</a></td> <td>19 March 1980</td> <td>25 December 1981</td> <td>died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Anton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Anton (page does not exist)">Ioan Anton</a></td> <td>25 December 1981</td> <td>13 November 1984</td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Voinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Voinea (page does not exist)">Radu Voinea</a></td> <td>13 November 1984</td> <td>2 February 1990</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83nescu" title="Mihai Drăgănescu">Mihai Drăgănescu</a></td> <td>2 February 1990</td> <td>18 January 1994</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgiliu_N._G._Constantinescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgiliu N. G. Constantinescu (page does not exist)">Virgiliu N. G. Constantinescu</a></td> <td>1994</td> <td>1998</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Simion" title="Eugen Simion">Eugen Simion</a></td> <td>16 January 1998</td> <td>20 April 2006</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ionel_Haiduc" title="Ionel Haiduc">Ionel Haiduc</a></td> <td>20 April 2006</td> <td>8 April 2014</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionel_Valentin_Vlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionel Valentin Vlad (page does not exist)">Ionel Valentin Vlad</a></td> <td>8 April 2014</td> <td>24 December 2017</td> <td>died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Hera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Hera (page does not exist)">Cristian Hera</a></td> <td>5 January 2018</td> <td>5 April 2018</td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan-Aurel_Pop" title="Ioan-Aurel Pop">Ioan-Aurel Pop</a></td> <td>5 April 2018</td> <td>present</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library">Library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Academy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg/200px-Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg/300px-Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg/400px-Biblioteca_Academiei_Rom%C3%A2ne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Romanian Academy Library building</figcaption></figure> <p>Established in 1867, the <i>Bibilioteca Academiei Române</i> has a collection of over seven million books and collections of drawings, engravings, maps, and coins.<sup id="cite_ref-IAP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Academy also operates its own publishing house.<sup id="cite_ref-IAP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Academy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Romanian_Academy" title="List of members of the Romanian Academy">List of members of the Romanian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_purged_members_of_the_Romanian_Academy" title="List of purged members of the Romanian Academy">List of purged members of the Romanian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Romanian Academy of Sciences">Romanian Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Academy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arbitrary date of January 1, as a lack of factual data to support a real birth date</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAP_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAP_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.interacademies.net/Academies/ByRegion/SouthEasternEurope/13062.aspx">[1]</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interacademies.net/">IAP, Global Network of Science Academies</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Academy&action=edit&section=5" 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Societies/Romanian_Academy.html">"The Romanian Academy"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Romanian+Academy&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FSocieties%2FRomanian_Academy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomanian+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanian_language" title="Template:Romanian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanian_language" title="Template talk:Romanian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_dialects" title="Romanian dialects">Subdialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_dialect" title="Wallachian dialect">Wallachia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oltenian_dialect" title="Oltenian dialect">Oltenia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobrujan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobrujan dialect (page does not exist)">Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_dialect" title="Moldavian dialect">Moldavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukovinian_Romanian_dialect" title="Bukovinian Romanian dialect">Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_language" title="Moldovan language">Republic of Moldova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Romanian_dialect" title="Banat Romanian dialect">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_varieties_of_Romanian" title="Transylvanian varieties of Romanian">Transylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana_dialect" title="Crișana dialect">Crișana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_dialect" title="Maramureș dialect">Maramureș</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Argots_and_speech_forms" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argots and speech forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumu%C8%9Beasca" title="Gumuțeasca">Gumuțeasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoiana" title="Totoiana">Totoiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects/related languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Romanian">Daco-Romanian</a> (Romanian itself)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_grammar" title="Romanian grammar">Grammar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nouns" title="Romanian nouns">nouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_verbs" title="Romanian verbs">verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_numbers" title="Romanian numbers">numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Â</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8E" title="Î">Î</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98" title="Ș">Ș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-comma" class="mw-redirect" title="T-comma">Ț</a></li> <li>Former: <a href="/wiki/D%CC%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="D̦">D̦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%AC" title="Ŭ">Ŭ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_lexis" title="Romanian lexis">Lexis and vocabulary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longest_word_in_Romanian" title="Longest word in Romanian">longest Romanian word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar#Traditional_month_names" title="Romanian calendar">traditional month names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_profanity" title="Romanian profanity">profanities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Phonology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romanian_language" title="History of the Romanian language">historic evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Classical Latin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Common_Romanian" title="Common Romanian">Common Romanian</a> → <a href="/wiki/Old_Romanian" title="Old Romanian">Old Romanian</a> → <a href="/wiki/Re-latinization_of_Romanian" title="Re-latinization of Romanian">Re-latinization</a> → <a href="/wiki/Modern_Romanian" title="Modern Romanian">Modern Romanian</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written form</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Modern alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_transitional_alphabet" title="Romanian transitional alphabet">Romanian transitional alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet">Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Romanian Cyrillic alphabet">Romanian Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_School" title="Transylvanian School">Transylvanian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junimea" title="Junimea">Junimea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romanian Academy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionarul_explicativ_al_limbii_rom%C3%A2ne" title="Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române">Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionarul_Limbii_Rom%C3%A2ne" title="Dicționarul Limbii Române">Dicționarul Limbii Române</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionar_moldovenesc-rom%C3%A2nesc" title="Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc">Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Academy of Sciences of Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language contact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substrate_in_Romanian" title="Substrate in Romanian">Substrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sprachbund" title="Balkan sprachbund">Balkan sprachbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Eastern_Romance_linguistic_parallels" title="Albanian–Eastern Romance linguistic parallels">Linguistic parallels with Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_influence_on_Romanian" title="Slavic influence on Romanian">Slavic superstratum and adstratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_influence_on_Slavic_languages" title="Eastern Romance influence on Slavic languages">Influence on Slavic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speech communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Romanians" title="Origin of the Romanians">origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlachs_of_Serbia" title="Vlachs of Serbia">Timok Vlachs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Language_Day" title="Romanian Language Day">Romanian Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language_in_Serbia" title="Romanian language in Serbia">Romanian language in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian-language_schools_in_Transnistria" title="Romanian-language schools in Transnistria">Romanian-language schools in Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_language" title="Category:Romanian language">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Science_Council" title="Template talk:International Science Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council (ISC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania" title="Academy of Sciences of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_of_Science_and_Development_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation of Science and Development (Angola) (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Belarus" title="National Academy of Sciences of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academies_for_Science_and_the_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_de_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Infrastructure_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Infrastructure Science and Technology (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Nacional_de_Pos-Graduacao_e_Pesquisa_em_Ciencias_Sociais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Ciencias Sociais (page does not exist)">ANPOCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_et_Technologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cameroon Academy of Sciences">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council">SSHRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Chilena_de_Ciencias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Chilena de Ciencias (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Science_and_Technology" title="China Association for Science and Technology">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">CASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Colombiana_de_Ciencias_Exactas,_Fisicas_y_Naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Costa_Rica)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences,_des_arts,_des_cultures_d%27Afrique_et_des_diasporas_africaines" title="Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cuban Academy of Sciences">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Scientific_Research_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Eswatini)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Eswatini) (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Science_and_Technology_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Finnish_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Finnish Academies (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Georgian National Academy of Sciences">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Foundation" title="German Research Foundation">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_Ciencias_M%C3%A9dicas_Fisicas_y_Naturales_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Social_Science_Research" title="Indian Council of Social Science Research">ICSSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Council (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Japan" title="Science Council of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scientific_Society" title="Royal Scientific Society">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kenya National Academy of Sciences">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Social_Science_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Social Science Research Council (page does not exist)">KSSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Korean Academy of Science and Technology">KAST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_National_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao National Science Council (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Latvian Academy of Sciences">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Scientific Research (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Science and Technology (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lithuanian Academy of Sciences">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_National_Research_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg National Research Fund (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Enseignement_Sup%C3%A9rieur_et_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia" title="Academy of Sciences Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius_Academy_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius Academy of Science (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mexican Academy of Sciences">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consejo_Mexicano_de_Ciencias_Sociales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (page does not exist)">COMECSO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Scientifique_de_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Scientifique de Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mongolian Academy of Sciences">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan II Academy for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Association_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Association of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_on_Research,_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nepal Academy of Science and Technology">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Academy_of_Science" title="Nigerian Academy of Science">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">UB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Panama" title="University of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Philippines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Philippines) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Social_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Social Science Council (page does not exist)">PSSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lisbon Academy of Sciences">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Rwanda)" title="College of Science and Technology (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal Academy of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_National_Parks_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles National Parks Authority (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Singapore National Academy of Science">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Slovak Academy of Sciences">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Sciences_Research_Council_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (page does not exist)">HSRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Research_(Sudan)" title="National Centre for Research (Sudan)">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Sudanese National Academy of Sciences">SNAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Academy_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Tajik Academy of Sciences">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancellerie_des_Universit%C3%A9s_du_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancellerie des Universités du Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Turkish Academy of Sciences">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_Academy_Society_of_Turkey" title="The Science Academy Society of Turkey">Science Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey" title="Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey">TÜBİTAK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uganda_National_Council_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Consejo_Nacional_de_Innovacion_Ciencia_y_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Consejo Nacional de Innovacion Ciencia y Tecnologia (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistan_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondo_Nacional_de_Ciencia,_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_e_Innovaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Union_of_Science_and_Technology_Associations" title="Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zambia Academy of Sciences">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">RCZ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Council_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Council for the Social Sciences (page does not exist)">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Asian_Social_Science_Research_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (page does not exist)">AASSREC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">CASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Latinoamericano_de_Ciencias_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales">CLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">CODESRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences">FLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">UAI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Social_Science_Research_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (page does not exist)">OSSREA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">USP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions and<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Social_Studies_of_Science" title="Society for Social Studies of Science">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Legal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Legal Science (page does not exist)">IALS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Arctic_Social_Sciences_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Arctic Social Sciences Association (page does not exist)">IASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Association" title="International Economic Association">IEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Societies_for_Microscopy" title="International Federation of Societies for Microscopy">IFSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Geographical_Union" title="International Geographical Union">IGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">IMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Quaternary_Research" title="International Union for Quaternary Research">INQUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Research_Association" title="International Peace Research Association">IPRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Political_Science_Association" title="International Political Science Association">IPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sociological_Association" title="International Sociological Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Ecological_Economics" title="International Society for Ecological Economics">ISEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Photogrammetry_and_Remote_Sensing" title="International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing">ISPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">IUBMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences" title="International Union of Biological Sciences">IUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Crystallography" title="International Union of Crystallography">IUCr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUFoST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geodesy_and_Geophysics" title="International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics">IUGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">IUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="International Union of History and Philosophy of Science">IUHPST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Immunological_Societies" title="International Union of Immunological Societies">IUIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Materials Research Society (page does not exist)">IUMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">IUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences" title="International Union of Nutritional Sciences">IUNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Pure_and_Applied_Biophysics" title="International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics">IUPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">IUPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Physical_and_Engineering_Sciences_in_Medicine" title="International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine">IUPESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology">IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Physiological_Sciences" title="International Union of Physiological Sciences">IUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Psychological_Science" title="International Union of Psychological Science">IUPsyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Soil_Sciences" title="International Union of Soil Sciences">IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Population" title="International Union for the Scientific Study of Population">IUSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">IUTAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Toxicology (page does not exist)">IUTOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science">URSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">WAPOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Anthropological_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Anthropological Union (page does not exist)">WAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">AAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Academies_and_Societies_of_Sciences_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (page does not exist)">AASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Academy of Social Sciences">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Science-Technology_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Science-Technology Centers">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Association_of_Development_and_Training_Institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Association of Development and Training Institutes (page does not exist)">EADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">ECPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_des_G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tres" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale des Géomètres">FIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Academy" title="Global Young Academy">GYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology" title="International Association of Applied Psychology">IAAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Hydro-Environment_Engineering_and_Research" title="International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research">IAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Arctic_Science_Committee" title="International Arctic Science Committee">IASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Acoustics" title="International Commission for Acoustics">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">ICIAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (page does not exist)">ICLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Optics" title="International Commission for Optics">ICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="International Council for Scientific and Technical Information">ICSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Data_Organizations_for_Social_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Data Organizations for Social Science (page does not exist)">IFDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Foundation for Science">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Applied_Systems_Analysis" title="International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis">IIASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Association" title="International Studies Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Digital_Earth" title="International Society for Digital Earth">ISDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Vacuum_Science,_Technique_and_Applications" title="International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications">IUVSTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Water_Association" title="International Water Association">IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Science_Association" title="Pacific Science Association">PSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">TNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">TWAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">UIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901677#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419371389">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137679490">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/25258-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87832899">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36254464">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Academia Română (1990- )"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/784805">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90614595">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000116441&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=118673">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810562784105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/7077">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987010000343705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518678106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07059136?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500306616">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/20442030X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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