CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="wo" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ngiste — Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )wowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Samwiyee","Fewriyee","Maars","Awril","Mee","Suwe","Sulet","Ut","Sattumbar","Oktoobar","Nowembar","Disembar"],"wgRequestId":"9b405621-4977-40c6-a6e6-f45bd49dddb3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ngiste","wgTitle":"Ngiste","wgCurRevisionId":94659,"wgRevisionId":94659,"wgArticleId":4667,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Baati wolof"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"wo","wgPageContentLanguage":"wo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ngiste","wgRelevantArticleId":4667,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"wo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"wo"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q14620","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles": "ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=wo&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=wo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=wo&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ngiste — Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//wo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiste"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Soppi" href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (wo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//wo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiste"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.wo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Walu Atom gu Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Coppite_yu_mujj&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ngiste rootpage-Ngiste skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Joowiin </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%ABt_wu_nj%C3%ABkk" title="Nemmeeku xët wu njëkk wi [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Xët wu njëkk</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:X%C3%ABt_wu_nj%C3%ABkk" title="Ngir xam dara ci mbiri sémb mi, noo ci mana jàppe"><span>Askan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Coppite_yu_mujj" title="Limu coppite yu mujj ci wiki bi [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Coppite yu mujj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:X%C3%ABt_cig_mbetteel" title="Wone aw xët ci mbetteel [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Aw xët ci mbetteel</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ndimbal:Ndimbal" title="Xëtu ndimbal wi"><span>Ndimbal</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/X%C3%ABt_wu_nj%C3%ABkk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-wo.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Ceet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Seetal ci biir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Seet</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Seet ci Wikipedia" aria-label="Seet ci Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Seetal ci biir Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Jagleel:Ceet"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Seet</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Samay jumtukaay"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_wo.wikipedia.org&uselang=wo" class=""><span>Jàppale nu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Sos_am_s%C3%A0q&returnto=Ngiste" title="Dees na la digal nga bindu te dugg, donte doonul lu manul-ñàkk" class=""><span>Sos am sàq</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Lonku&returnto=Ngiste" title="Woo nan la ngir nga xammeku, waaye doonul lu manuta ñakk. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Dugg</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Samay jumtukaay" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Samay jumtukaay</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_wo.wikipedia.org&uselang=wo"><span>Jàppale nu</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Sos_am_s%C3%A0q&returnto=Ngiste" title="Dees na la digal nga bindu te dugg, donte doonul lu manul-ñàkk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sos am sàq</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Lonku&returnto=Ngiste" title="Woo nan la ngir nga xammeku, waaye doonul lu manuta ñakk. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Dugg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Ndimbal:Introduction" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Samay_c%C3%ABru" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cëru</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Samay_waxtaan" title="Xëtu diisoowaay wu bii màkkaanu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Waxtaan ak bii IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-wolof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#wolof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>wolof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-wolof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-français" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#français"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>français</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-français-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ngiste</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 110 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصريات – Araab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بصريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Araab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Aserbayjane" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbayjane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اوپتیکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوپتیکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opt%C4%97ka" title="Optėka – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Optėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка – Belaris" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Оптыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belaris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Оптыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Bilgaar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bilgaar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আলোকবিজ্ঞান – Baŋla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলোকবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Baŋla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="འོད་རིག་པ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འོད་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Bosñak" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosñak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ptica" title="Òptica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òptica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ئۆپتیک – Kurdi gu Diggu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆپتیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi gu Diggu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Cek" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opteg" title="Opteg – Wels" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Opteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Danuwa" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danuwa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Almaa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Οπτική – Gereg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οπτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Gereg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics" title="Optics – Àngale" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Optics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Àngale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiko" title="Optiko – Esperantoo" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Optiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Estoñiye" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoñiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93tica" title="Ótica – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ótica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نورشناسی – Pers" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Pers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiikka" title="Optiikka – Feylànde" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Optiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Feylànde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgus%C3%B5oppus" title="Valgusõoppus – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Valgusõoppus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optique" title="Optique – Farañse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Farañse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otiche" title="Otiche – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Otiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optaic" title="Optaic – Irlànde" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Optaic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlànde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ptik" title="Òptik – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Òptik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Galisiye" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אופטיקה – Ebrë" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrë" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रकाशिकी – Endo" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकाशिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Endo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Krowat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Krowat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Ongruwaa" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ongruwaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Օպտիկա – Armaniye" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օպտիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armaniye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Endonesiye" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonesiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiko" title="Optiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Optiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Ljósfræði – Islànde" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljósfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islànde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottica" title="Ottica – Italiye" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ottica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – Sapone" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Sapone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ოპტიკა – Sorsiye" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Sorsiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Kasax" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasax" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ದೃಗ್ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Kannadaa" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೃಗ್ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannadaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%99" title="광학 – Koreye" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opt%C3%AEk" title="Optîk – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Optîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Kirgiis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Liksàmbursuwaa" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Liksàmbursuwaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Lituyaniye" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituyaniye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Letoniye" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letoniye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Maseduwaane" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Maseduwaane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രകാശശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രകാശശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Оптик – Mongoliye" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оптик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoliye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93tica" title="Ótica – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ótica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="अप्तिक्स – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अप्तिक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Neyerlànde" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Neyerlànde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikk" title="Optikk – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Optikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikk" title="Optikk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Optikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Ositan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optyka" title="Optyka – Polone" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Optyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92tica" title="Òtica – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="د نور فزیک – Pasto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د نور فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Purtugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Purtugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic%C4%83" title="Optică – Rumaniyee" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Optică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumaniyee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптіка – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Оптіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ttica" title="Òttica – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Òttica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصريات – Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بصريات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasni%E1%BA%93%E1%B9%9Bi" title="Tasniẓṛi – chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasniẓṛi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ප්‍රකාශ විද්‍යාව – Sinala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රකාශ විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics" title="Optics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Optics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika_(odbor)" title="Optika (odbor) – Eslowaki (Eslowak)" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Optika (odbor)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Eslowaki (Eslowak)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Esloweniye" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Esloweniye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araga" title="Araga – Somali (làkk)" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Araga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali (làkk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Albane" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Suweduwaa" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suweduwaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒளியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒளியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కాంతి శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాంతి శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Tajis" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทัศนศาสตร์ – Tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทัศนศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Tirk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tirk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Ikreniye" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ikreniye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصریات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بصریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Usbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quang_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Quang học – Wiyetnaamiye" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quang học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Wiyetnaamiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אפטיק – Yidis" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%95%E2%B5%89" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – Sinuwaa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinuwaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" title="光學 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="光學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezomkhanyizo" title="Ezomkhanyizo – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ezomkhanyizo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Soppi lëkkalekaay diggante-làkk yi" class="wbc-editpage">Soppi lëkkalekaay yi</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Barabu tur"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ngiste" title="Xool jukki bi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Jukki</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waxtaan:Ngiste&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Waxtaan yi ñeel xët wii (xët wi amagul) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Waxtaan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wolof</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Wonewiin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ngiste"><span>Jàng</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&veaction=edit" title="Soppi xët wii [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Soppi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Soppi gongikuwaay bi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=history" title="Sumb yi weesu yu xët wi. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wone jaar-jaaram</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Boyotu jumtukaay yi" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Boyotu jumtukaay yi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ngiste"><span>Jàng</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&veaction=edit" title="Soppi xët wii [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Soppi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Soppi gongikuwaay bi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=history"><span>Wone jaar-jaaram</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Ngiste" title="limu xët yi ci wiki bi yi lëkkalook wii [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Xët yi mu lëkkalool</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Suivi_des_liens/Ngiste" rel="nofollow" title="Limu coppite yu mujj yu xët yi lëkkalook wii [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Coppite yi ko ñeel</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=wo" title="Yeb ay dencukaay [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Yeb ab dencukaay</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Limu xëti jagleel yépp [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Xëti jagleel</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&oldid=94659" title="Lëkkalekaay bu sax buy jëme ci bii sumb bu xët wi"><span>Lëkkalekaay yu fi nekkandi</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Xibaar ci xët wi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Citer&page=Ngiste&id=94659&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Xibaar ci naka ngay man a tuddee xët wi"><span>Tudd wii xët</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNgiste"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNgiste"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Móol/génne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ngiste"><span>Sos ab téere</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagleel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ngiste&action=show-download-screen"><span>Yebbi niki PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&printable=yes" title="Sumb bu móolu bu wii xët [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Sumb bu móolu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ci yeneen sémb </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Optics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14620" title="Lëkkalekaay biy jëme ci mbir mi lonkook dàttub njoxe bi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Yëf Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Jóge Wikipedia.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wo" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="wolof">wolof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Soppi bii xaaj : wolof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Soppi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : wolof"><span>soppi gongikuwaay bi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>“<b>ngiste</b>” mooy <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A0nqaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bànqaas (xët wi amagul)">bànqaasub</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%ABmm" title="Jëmm">jëmm</a> biy saytu mbirum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leer (xët wi amagul)">leer</a> ak <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9qoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Séqoo (xët wi amagul)">séqoo</a> yi mu am ak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gis (xët wi amagul)">gis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="français"><span id="fran.C3.A7ais"></span>français</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Soppi bii xaaj : français" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Soppi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : français"><span>soppi gongikuwaay bi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>optique</li></ul> <p>L'optique est la branche de la physique qui traite de la lumière et de ses relations avec la vision </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ci « <a dir="ltr" href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&oldid=94659">https://wo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&oldid=94659</a> » lañ ko jële</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Jagleel:Cat%C3%A9gories" title="Jagleel:Catégories">Wàll</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A0ll:Baati_wolof" title="Wàll:Baati wolof">Baati wolof</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Coppite bu mujj bu xët wii 8 Maars 2013 ci 03:02.<br /></li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Jàppandig ëmbéef lee ngi sukkadiku ci <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution- Séddoo ci genn anam gi</a>; Man nañoo sukkadiku itam ci yeneen anam. Xoolal <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">anami jëfandiku gi</a> ngir yeneeni leeral.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politigu sutura</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ciy_mbiram">Ci mbiri Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aartu_yu_daj">Ay aartu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Suqalikat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/wo.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//wo.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngiste&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Woneyiin bu mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-x4xzf","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.005","walltime":"0.007","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d9797f5d-lmcmt","timestamp":"20241120035948","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ngiste","url":"https:\/\/wo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngiste","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14620","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14620","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-08-29T15:59:09Z","dateModified":"2013-03-08T03:02:25Z"}</script> </body> </html>