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id="toc-Syntactical-descriptive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appositive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appositive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Appositive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appositive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segmental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segmental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Segmental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segmental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_capitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_capitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Use of capitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_capitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spacing_and_parentheses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacing_and_parentheses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Spacing and parentheses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacing_and_parentheses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage in other languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_in_other_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage in other languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suffix_separator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix_separator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Suffix separator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix_separator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbreviation_mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbreviation_mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Abbreviation mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbreviation_mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Word_separator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_separator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Word separator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_separator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_sentence_or_verse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_sentence_or_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>End of sentence or verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_sentence_or_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Score_divider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Score_divider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Score divider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Score_divider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics_and_logic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics_and_logic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mathematics and logic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics_and_logic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Computing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Computing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Programming_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Programming languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Addresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Text_markup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text_markup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Text markup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Text_markup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colon (punctuation)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubbelpunt" title="Dubbelpunt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dubbelpunt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نقطتان رأسيتان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقطتان رأسيتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_puntos" title="Dos puntos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dos puntos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ki_n%C3%B6qt%C9%99" title="İki nöqtə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İki nöqtə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%87" title="ایکی نؤقته – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکی نؤقته" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Da-k%C3%B9-ti%C3%A1m" title="Tōa-kù-tiám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tōa-kù-tiám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99" title="Ике нөктә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ике нөктә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D0%B5" title="Двукроп’е – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Двукроп’е" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D0%B5" title="Двукроп’е – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Двукроп’е" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Двоеточие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двоеточие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoubik" title="Daoubik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daoubik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_punts" title="Dos punts – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dos punts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%C4%95_%D0%BF%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83" title="Икĕ пăнчă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Икĕ пăнчă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojte%C4%8Dka" title="Dvojtečka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvojtečka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolon" title="Kolon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kolon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppelpunkt" title="Doppelpunkt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Doppelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolon" title="Koolon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koolon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_puntos" title="Dos puntos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dos puntos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dupunkto" title="Dupunkto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dupunkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_puntu_(ikurra)" title="Bi puntu (ikurra) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bi puntu (ikurra)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87" title="دونقطه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دونقطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deux-points" title="Deux-points – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deux-points" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BBbele_punt" title="Dûbele punt – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dûbele punt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dous_puntos" title="Dous puntos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dous puntos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="મહાવિરામ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મહાવિરામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Давхар цег – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Давхар цег" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8C%8D%EC%A0%90" title="쌍점 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쌍점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoto%C4%8Dje" title="Dvotočje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dvotočje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_titik_dua" title="Tanda titik dua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda titik dua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_punti" title="Due punti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Due punti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נקודתיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקודתיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Қос нүкте – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қос нүкте" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuktambili" title="Nuktambili – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nuktambili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kols" title="Kols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvita%C5%A1kis" title="Dvitaškis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvitaškis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kett%C5%91spont" title="Kettőspont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kettőspont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Две точки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Две точки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teboka_roa" title="Teboka roa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Teboka roa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ഭിത്തിക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭിത്തിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="كولون (ترقيم) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كولون (ترقيم)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubbelepunt" title="Dubbelepunt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dubbelepunt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="सापेक्षविराम चिह्न – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सापेक्षविराम चिह्न" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3_(%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7)" title="コロン (記号) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロン (記号)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolon" title="Kolon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kolon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolon" title="Kolon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kolon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_punts" title="Dos punts – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dos punts" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikki_nuqta" title="Ikki nuqta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikki nuqta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwukropek" title="Dwukropek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dwukropek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dois-pontos" title="Dois-pontos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dois-pontos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dou%C4%83_puncte" title="Două puncte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Două puncte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Двоеточие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двоеточие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Colon (punctuation)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dy_pikat" title="Dy pikat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dy pikat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colon (punctuation)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A)" title="ڪولون (نشاني) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪولون (نشاني)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojbodka" title="Dvojbodka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvojbodka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvopi%C4%8Dje" title="Dvopičje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvopičje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Две тачке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Две тачке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvota%C4%8Dka" title="Dvotačka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dvotačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksoispiste" title="Kaksoispiste – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaksoispiste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolon" title="Kolon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88)" title="முக்கால்புள்ளி (தமிழ் நடை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முக்கால்புள்ளி (தமிழ் நடை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ทวิภาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวิภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ki_nokta" title="İki nokta – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İki nokta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Двокрапка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двокрапка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%81_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81)" title="رابطہ (اوقاف) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابطہ (اوقاف)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A5u_hai_ch%E1%BA%A5m" title="Dấu hai chấm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dấu hai chấm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambang" title="Kambang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kambang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%92%E5%8F%B7" title="冒号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冒号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%92%E8%99%9F" title="冒號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冒號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%92%E5%8F%B7" title="冒号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冒号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177449#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the punctuation mark. For a colon-like character used as an alphabetic letter in some languages, rather than as punctuation, see <a href="/wiki/Colon_(letter)" title="Colon (letter)">Colon (letter)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Colon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Colon (disambiguation)">Colon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ebebeb; font-size:750%; line-height:1.2; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;">:</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-size:125%; background:#ebebeb; font-weight:bold; padding:0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">Colon</div></th></tr><tr style="float:left;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+003A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">:</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COLON</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&colon;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="background:#ebebeb;padding:0 0 0.4em;line-height:1.2em;"> <table align="center" style="display:table;padding:0;background:transparent;width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 300%; text-align: center; line-height: 0.01; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;"> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em; min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">ː </th> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em ;min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">꞉ </th> <th style="padding:0.5em 0.1em; min-width:1.0em; text-align: center;">: </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">triangular colon</a> </th> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(letter)" title="Colon (letter)">letter colon</a> </th> <th style="padding:0.2em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio">Ratio</a> </th></tr></tbody></table></div></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>colon</b>, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;"><b>:</b></span>, is a <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> mark consisting of two equally sized dots aligned vertically. A colon often precedes an explanation, a list,<sup id="cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PunctuationGuide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a quoted sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used between hours and minutes in time,<sup id="cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PunctuationGuide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between certain elements in <a href="/wiki/Medical_journal" title="Medical journal">medical journal</a> citations,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapter and verse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bible_citation" title="Bible citation">Bible citations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in the US, for <a href="/wiki/Salutation" title="Salutation">salutations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Business_letter" title="Business letter">business letters</a> and other formal letters.<sup id="cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PunctuationGuide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Colon_(rhetoric)" title="Colon (rhetoric)">Colon (rhetoric)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meter_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (poetry)">prosody</a>, the term <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%E1%BF%B6%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:κῶλον">κῶλον</a></span> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kôlon</i></span></i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'limb, member of a body') did not refer to punctuation, but to a member or section of a complete thought or passage; see also <i><a href="/wiki/Colon_(rhetoric)" title="Colon (rhetoric)">Colon (rhetoric)</a></i>. From this usage, in <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeography</a>, a colon is a clause or group of clauses written as a line in a <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 3rd century BC, <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Aristophanes of Byzantium">Aristophanes of Byzantium</a> is alleged to have devised <a href="/wiki/Greek_punctuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek punctuation">a punctuation system</a>, in which the end of such a <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kôlon</i></span> was thought to occasion a medium-length breath, and was marked by a <a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">middot</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="·">·</a></span>. In practice, evidence is scarce for its early usage, but it was revived later as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ano_teleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano teleia">ano teleia</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">modern Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nicky_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicky-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some writers also used a <a href="/wiki/Two_dot_punctuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dot punctuation">double dot symbol</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">⁚</span>, that later came to be used as a <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> or to mark a change of speaker. (See also <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_punctuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek punctuation">Punctuation in Ancient Greek</a></i>.) </p><p>In 1589, in <i>The Arte of English Poesie</i>, the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> term <i>colon</i> and the corresponding punctuation mark <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">:</span> is attested:<sup id="cite_ref-arber_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arber-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For these respectes the auncient reformers of language, inuented, three maner of pauses [...] The shortest pause or intermission they called <i>comma</i> [...] The second they called <i>colon</i>, not a peece but as it were a member for his larger length, because it occupied twise as much time as the comma. The third they called <i>periodus</i>, [...]</p></blockquote> <p>In 1622, in <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Okes" title="Nicholas Okes">Nicholas Okes</a>' print of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i>, the typographical construction of a colon followed by a <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a> to indicate a restful pause is attested.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This construction, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Dog%27s_bollocks_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog's bollocks (typography)">dog's bollocks</a></i>, was once common in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, though this usage is now discouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-dean_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dean-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-martens_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martens-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sussex_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sussex-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As late as the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/John_Mason_(minister)" title="John Mason (minister)">John Mason</a> related the appropriateness of a colon to the length of the pause taken when reading the text aloud, but <a href="/wiki/Silent_reading" title="Silent reading">silent reading</a> eventually replaced this with other considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_English">Usage in English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In modern English usage, a complete sentence precedes a colon, while a list, description, explanation, or definition follows it. The elements which follow the colon may or may not be a complete sentence: since the colon is preceded by a sentence, it is a complete sentence whether what follows the colon is another sentence or not. While it is acceptable to capitalise the first letter after the colon in American English, it is not the case in British English, except where a proper noun immediately follows a colon.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Colon used before list</dt> <dd><i>Daequan was so hungry that he ate everything in the house: chips, cold pizza, pretzels and dip, hot dogs, peanut butter, and candy.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Colon used before a description</dt> <dd><i>Bertha is so desperate that she'll date anyone, even William: he's uglier than a squashed toad on the highway, and that's on his good days.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Colon before definition</dt> <dd><i>For years while I was reading Shakespeare's </i>Othello<i> and criticism on it, I had to constantly look up the word "egregious" since the villain uses that word: outstandingly bad or shocking.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Colon before explanation</dt> <dd><i>I guess I can say I had a rough weekend: I had chest pain and spent all Saturday and Sunday in the emergency room.</i></dd></dl> <p>Some writers use fragments (incomplete sentences) before a colon for emphasis or stylistic preferences (to show a character's voice in literature), as in this example: </p> <dl><dd><i>Dinner: chips and juice. What a well-rounded diet I have.</i></dd></dl> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bedford_Handbook" title="The Bedford Handbook">The Bedford Handbook</a></i> describes several uses of a colon. For example, one can use a colon after an independent clause to direct attention to a list, an <a href="/wiki/Appositive" class="mw-redirect" title="Appositive">appositive</a>, or a quotation, and it can be used between independent clauses if the second summarizes or explains the first. In non-literary or non-expository uses, one may use a colon after the salutation in a formal letter, to indicate hours and minutes, to show proportions, between a title and subtitle, and between city and publisher in bibliographic entries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luca_Serianni" title="Luca Serianni">Luca Serianni</a>, an Italian scholar who helped to define and develop the colon as a punctuation mark, identified four punctuational modes for it: <i>syntactical-deductive</i>, <i>syntactical-descriptive</i>, <i>appositive</i>, and <i>segmental</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntactical-deductive">Syntactical-deductive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Syntactical-deductive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colon introduces the <a href="/wiki/Logical_consequence" title="Logical consequence">logical consequence</a>, or effect, of a fact stated before. </p> <dl><dd><i>There was only one possible explanation: the train had never arrived.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntactical-descriptive">Syntactical-descriptive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Syntactical-descriptive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this sense the colon introduces a description; in particular, it makes explicit the elements of a set. </p> <dl><dd><i>I have three sisters: Daphne, Rose, and Suzanne.</i></dd></dl> <p>Syntactical-descriptive colons may separate the numbers indicating <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hours</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minutes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">seconds</a> in abbreviated measures of time.<sup id="cite_ref-ISO8601_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO8601-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>The concert begins at 21:45.</i></dd> <dd><i>The rocket launched at 09:15:05.</i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, however, more frequently uses a <a href="/wiki/Decimal_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal mark">point</a> for this purpose: </p> <dl><dd><i>The programme will begin at 8.00 pm.</i></dd> <dd><i>You will need to arrive by 14.30.</i><sup id="cite_ref-trask_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trask-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>A colon is also used in the descriptive location of a book verse if the book is divided into verses, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>: </p> <dl><dd>"Isaiah 42:8"</dd> <dd>"Deuteronomy 32:39"</dd> <dd>"Quran 10:5"</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appositive">Appositive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Appositive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Luruns could not speak: he was drunk.</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>An appositive colon also separates the <a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(titling)" title="Subtitle (titling)">subtitle</a> of a work from its principal title. (In effect, the example given above illustrates an appositive use of the colon as an abbreviation for the conjunction "because".) Dillon has noted the impact of colons on scholarly articles,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the reliability of colons as a predictor of quality or impact has also been challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In titles, neither needs to be a complete sentence as titles do not represent <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expository" class="extiw" title="wikt:expository">expository</a> writing: </p> <dl><dd><i>Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segmental">Segmental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Segmental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like a <a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a>, a segmental colon introduces <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a>. The segmental function was once a common means of indicating an unmarked quotation on the same line. The following example is from the grammar book <i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_English" title="The King's English">The King's English</a></i>: </p> <dl><dd><i>Benjamin Franklin proclaimed the virtue of frugality: A penny saved is a penny earned.</i></dd></dl> <p>This form is still used in British industry-standard templates for written performance <a href="/wiki/Dialogue" title="Dialogue">dialogues</a>, such as in a <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colon indicates that the words following an character's name are spoken by that character. </p> <dl><dd><i>Patient: Doctor, I feel like a pair of curtains.</i></dd> <dd><i>Doctor: Pull yourself together!</i></dd></dl> <p>The uniform visual pattern of <code><character_nametag : character_spoken_lines></code> placement on a script page assists an actor in scanning for the lines of their assigned character during rehearsal, especially if a script is undergoing rewrites between rehearsals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_capitals">Use of capitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use of capitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Use of capitalization or lower-case after a colon varies. In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, and in most <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries, the word following the colon is in lower case unless it is normally capitalized for some other reason, as with <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper nouns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronyms</a>. British English also capitalizes a new sentence introduced by a colon's <a href="#Segmental">segmental use</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> permits writers to similarly capitalize the first word of any <a href="/wiki/Independent_clause" title="Independent clause">independent clause</a> following a colon. This follows the guidelines of some modern American style guides, including those published by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">The Chicago Manual of Style</a></i>, however, requires capitalization only when the colon introduces a direct quotation, a direct question, or two or more complete sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> languages, the colon is usually followed by a lower-case letter unless the upper case is required for other reasons, as with British English. <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> usage requires capitalization of <a href="/wiki/Independent_clause" title="Independent clause">independent clauses</a> following a colon.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> further capitalizes the first word of any quotation following a colon, even if it is not a complete sentence on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacing_and_parentheses">Spacing and parentheses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spacing and parentheses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sentence_spacing" title="Sentence spacing">Sentence spacing</a></div> <p>In print, a thin space was traditionally placed before a colon and a thick space after it. In modern <a href="/wiki/English-language" class="mw-redirect" title="English-language">English-language</a> printing, no space is placed before a colon and a single space is placed after it.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French-language</a> typing and printing, the traditional rules are preserved. </p><p>One or two spaces may be and have been used after a colon. The older convention (designed to be used by <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced fonts</a>) was to use <i>two</i> spaces after a colon.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern typography, a colon will be placed outside the closing <a href="/wiki/Parenthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenthesis">parenthesis</a> introducing a list. In very early English typography, it could be placed inside, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a>' 1643 book about the Native American languages of New England.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_other_languages">Usage in other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Usage in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_separator">Suffix separator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Suffix separator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, the colon can appear inside words in a manner similar to the <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> in the English <a href="/wiki/Possessive_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive case">possessive case</a>, connecting a grammatical <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> to an <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Initialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Initialism">initialism</a>, a special symbol, or a <a href="/wiki/Numerical_digit" title="Numerical digit">digit</a> (e.g., Finnish <i>USA:n</i> and Swedish <i>USA:s</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a> of "USA", Finnish <i>%:ssa</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Inessive_case" title="Inessive case">inessive case</a> of "%", or Finnish <i>20:een</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Illative_case" title="Illative case">illative case</a> of "20"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbreviation_mark">Abbreviation mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Abbreviation mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written Swedish uses colons in <a href="/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)" title="Contraction (grammar)">contractions</a>, such as <i>S:t</i> for <i>Sankt</i> (Swedish for "Saint") – for example in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm metro">Stockholm metro</a> station <i><a href="/wiki/Sankt_Eriksplan_metro_station" title="Sankt Eriksplan metro station">S:t Eriksplan</a></i>, and <i>k:a</i> for <i>kyrka</i> ("church") – for instance <a href="/wiki/Svenska_kyrkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska kyrkan">Svenska k:a</a> (Svenska kyrkan), the Evangelical Lutheran national Church of Sweden. This can even occur in people's names, for example <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Ax:son_Johnson" title="Antonia Ax:son Johnson">Antonia Ax:son Johnson</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ax:son_Johnson_family" title="Ax:son Johnson family">Ax:son</a></i> for <i>Axelson</i>). <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a> texts also used colons to mark abbreviations.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_separator">Word separator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Word separator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopic_genesis_(ch._29,_v._11-16),_15th_century_(The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII,_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg/220px-Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg/330px-Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg/440px-Ethiopic_genesis_%28ch._29%2C_v._11-16%29%2C_15th_century_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_XII%2C_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>15th century Bible text in Ge'ez script showing colons between the words</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez script">Ge'ez script</a> used and sometimes still use a <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script#Punctuation" title="Geʽez script">colon-like mark</a> as <a href="/wiki/Word_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Word separator">word separator</a>. </p><p>Historically, a colon-like mark was used as a word separator in <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_sentence_or_verse">End of sentence or verse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: End of sentence or verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, a colon indicates the end of a sentence, similar to a Latin <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> or period. </p><p>In liturgical <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sof_passuk" title="Sof passuk">sof pasuq</a> is used in some writings such as prayer books to signal the end of a verse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Score_divider">Score divider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Score divider"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, and sometimes in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, a colon divides the scores of opponents in sports and games. A result of <a href="/wiki/AS_Adema_149%E2%80%930_SO_l%27Emyrne" title="AS Adema 149–0 SO l'Emyrne">149–0</a> would be written as 149 : 0 in German and in Hebrew. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematics_and_logic">Mathematics and logic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mathematics and logic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Special:EditPage/Colon (punctuation)">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Colon_(punctuation)" title="Talk:Colon (punctuation)">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Special:EditPage/Colon (punctuation)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Colon%22+punctuation">"Colon" punctuation</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Colon%22+punctuation+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Colon%22+punctuation&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Colon%22+punctuation+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Colon%22+punctuation">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Colon%22+punctuation&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The colon is used in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">model building</a>, and other fields, in this context it denotes a <a href="/wiki/Ratio" title="Ratio">ratio</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Scale_(ratio)" title="Scale (ratio)">scale</a>, as in 3:1 (pronounced "three to one").<sup id="cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PunctuationGuide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a ratio is <a href="/wiki/Reduction_(mathematics)" title="Reduction (mathematics)">reduced</a> to a simpler form, such as 10:15 to 2:3, this may be expressed with a <a href="/wiki/Double_colon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Double colon (disambiguation)">double colon</a> as 10:15::2:3; this would be read "10 is to 15 as 2 is to 3". This form is also used in tests of logic where the question of "Dog is to Puppy as Cat is to _____?" can be expressed as "Dog:Puppy::Cat:_____". For these uses, there is a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> symbol (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2236</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RATIO</span>) that is preferred in some contexts. Compare 2:3 (ratio colon) with 2:3 (U+003A ASCII colon). </p><p>In some languages (e.g. German, Russian, and French), the colon is the commonly used sign for division (instead of ÷). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(See also <a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">Division sign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_(mathematics)#Notation" title="Division (mathematics)">Division (mathematics) § Notation</a>.)</span> </p><p>The notation |<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">G</span> : <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span>| may also denote the <a href="/wiki/Index_of_a_subgroup" title="Index of a subgroup">index of a subgroup</a>. </p><p>The notation <span class="texhtml">ƒ : <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">X</span> → <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">Y</span></span> indicates that <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a> with domain <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">X</span> and codomain <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">Y</span>. </p><p>The combination with an equal sign (<span class="texhtml">≔</span>) is used for <a href="/wiki/Definition" title="Definition">definitions</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_logic" title="Mathematical logic">mathematical logic</a>, when using <a href="/wiki/Set-builder_notation" title="Set-builder notation">set-builder notation</a> for describing the characterizing property of a <a href="/wiki/Set_(mathematics)" title="Set (mathematics)">set</a>, it is used as an alternative to a <a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a> (which is the <a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">ISO 31-11</a> standard), to mean "<b>such that</b>". Example: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S=\{x\in \mathbb {R} :1<x<3\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo><</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S=\{x\in \mathbb {R} :1<x<3\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7697172bdfd846b5f6cc50fe820a474c1b381c6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.56ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S=\{x\in \mathbb {R} :1<x<3\}}"></span> (<i>S</i> is the set of all <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"></span> (the <a href="/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real numbers</a>) such that <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span> is strictly greater than 1 and strictly smaller than 3)</dd></dl> <p>In older literature on mathematical logic, it is used to indicate how expressions should be bracketed (see <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Principia_Mathematica" title="Glossary of Principia Mathematica">Glossary of <i>Principia Mathematica</i></a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Type_theory" title="Type theory">type theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_theory" title="Programming language theory">programming language theory</a>, the colon sign after a term is used to indicate its type, sometimes as a replacement to the "∈" symbol. Example: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda x.x{\mathrel {:}}A\to A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mo>:</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda x.x{\mathrel {:}}A\to A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de0e2aa5df3e775a29cd390598f6853d37f4ab23" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.796ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda x.x{\mathrel {:}}A\to A}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>A colon is also sometimes used to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Tensor_contraction" title="Tensor contraction">tensor contraction</a> involving two indices, and a double colon (::) for a contraction over four indices. </p><p>A colon is also used to denote a <a href="/wiki/Parallel_sum" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel sum">parallel sum</a> operation involving two operands (many authors, however, instead use a <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="∥">∥</a> sign and a few even a <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="∗">∗</a> for this purpose). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computing">Computing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Computing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The character was on early typewriters and therefore appeared in most text encodings, such as <a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot code</a> and <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a>. It was placed at code 58 in <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> and from there inherited into Unicode. Unicode also defines several related characters: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+003A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">:</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COLON</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02D0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ː</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON</span>, used in <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10781</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞁</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT TRIANGULAR COLON</span>, IPA modifier-letter.<sup id="cite_ref-L220252_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02D1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ˑ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON</span>, used in IPA.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+10782</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">𐞂</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SUPERSCRIPT HALF TRIANGULAR COLON</span>, IPA modifier-letter.<sup id="cite_ref-L220252_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+02F8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">˸</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON</span>, used by <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+05C3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">׃</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ</span>, compatible with right-to-left text.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2236</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">∶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RATIO</span>, for mathematical usage.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2254</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">≔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COLON EQUALS</span>, for use in pretty-printing programming languages.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2255</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">≕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">EQUALS COLON</span><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2360</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⍠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2982</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⦂</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">Z NOTATION TYPE COLON</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A74</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⩴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOUBLE COLON EQUAL</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2AF6</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⫶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+A789</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">꞉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER COLON</span>, see <a href="/wiki/Colon_(letter)" title="Colon (letter)">Colon (letter)</a>, sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filenames</a> as it is identical to the colon in the <a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a> font used for filenames. The colon itself is not permitted as it is a <a href="/wiki/Reserved_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserved character">reserved character</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE13</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︓</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL COLON</span>, compatibility character for the Chinese Standard <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF1A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">：</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH COLON</span>, for compatibility with <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">halfwidth and fullwidth fonts</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE55</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">﹕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SMALL COLON</span>, compatibility character for the Chinese National Standard <a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming_languages">Programming languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Programming languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Semicolon#Computing_usage" title="Semicolon">Semicolon § Computing usage</a></div> <p>Many programming languages, most notably <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a>, use a colon and equals sign <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">:=</code> as the <a href="/wiki/Assignment_(computer_science)" title="Assignment (computer science)">assignment operator</a>, to distinguish it from a single equals <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">=</code> which is an equality test (<a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> instead uses a single equals as assignment, and a double equals <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">==</code> as the equality test).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many languages including <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> use the colon to indicate the text before it is a <a href="/wiki/Label_(computer_science)" title="Label (computer science)">label</a>, such as a target for a <a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">goto</a> or an introduction to a case in a <a href="/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement">switch statement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c99_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c99-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 131">: 131 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a related use, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> uses a colon to separate a control statement (the <i>clause header</i>) from the block of statements it controls (the <i>suite</i>):<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test(x) is true!"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"test(x) is not true..."</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>In many languages, including <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, colons are used to define <a href="/wiki/Name%E2%80%93value_pair" title="Name–value pair">name–value pairs</a> in a <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">dictionary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">object</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 96–100">: 96–100 </span></sup> This is also used by data formats such as <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8259_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8259-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other languages use an equals sign. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-javascript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Charles"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">age</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">18</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>The colon is used as part of the <a href="/wiki/%3F:" class="mw-redirect" title="?:">?:</a> conditional operator in C and many other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-c99_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c99-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 90">: 90 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> uses a double colon as the <a href="/wiki/Scope_resolution_operator" title="Scope resolution operator">scope resolution operator</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Class_member_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Class member function">class member access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most other languages use a period but C++ had to use this for compatibility with C. Another language using colons for scope resolution is <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>, which uses a single colon.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>, it is used as a separator between the statements or instructions in a single line. Most other languages use a semicolon, but BASIC had used semicolon to separate items in print statements.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a>, a colon <i>precedes</i> definition of a new word.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a> uses a colon (pronounced as "<a href="/wiki/Cons" title="Cons">cons</a>", short for "construct") as an operator to add a <a href="/wiki/Data_element" title="Data element">data element</a> to the front of a <a href="/wiki/List_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="List (computing)">list</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-haskell mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="s">"child"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"woman"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"man"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">-- equals ["child","woman","man"]</span> </pre></div> <p>while a double colon <code>::</code> is read as "has type of" (compare <a href="/wiki/Scope_resolution_operator#Haskell" title="Scope resolution operator">scope resolution operator</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-haskell mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"text"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">False</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">::</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">([</span><span class="kt">Char</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Bool</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a> languages (such as <a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a>) have the above reversed, where the double colon (<code>::</code>) is used to add an element to the front of a list; and the single colon (<code>:</code>) is used for type guards.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 20, 70">: 20, 70 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> uses the colon as a binary operator to generate a vector, or to select a part of an extant matrix. </p><p><a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a> uses the colon: </p> <ul><li>to introduce a <a href="/wiki/Control_flow" title="Control flow">control structure</a> element. In this usage it must be the first non-blank character of the line.<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 64">: 64 </span></sup></li> <li>after a label name that will be the target of a <code>:goto</code> or a right-pointing arrow (this style of programming is deprecated and programs are supposed to use control structures instead).<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 64">: 64 </span></sup></li> <li>to separate a guard (<a href="/wiki/Boolean_expression" title="Boolean expression">Boolean expression</a>) from its expression in a dynamic function.<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 111">: 111 </span></sup> Two colons are used for an Error guard (one or more error numbers).<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 115">: 115 </span></sup></li> <li>Colon + space are used in class definitions to indicate inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 135">: 135 </span></sup></li> <li>⍠ (a colon in a box) is used by APL for its variant operator.<sup id="cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 340">: 340 </span></sup></li></ul> <p>The colon is also used in many operating systems commands.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_programming_language" title="Esoteric programming language">esoteric programming language</a> <a href="/wiki/INTERCAL" title="INTERCAL">INTERCAL</a>, the colon is called <i>two-spot</i> and used to label a <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> variable, distinct from <i>spot</i> (.) to label a <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> variable.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Addresses">Addresses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Addresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet URLs use the colon to separate the protocol (such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">http:</code>) from the <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> or <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an <a href="/wiki/IPv6_address#Representation" title="IPv6 address">IPv6 address</a>, colons (and one optional double colon) separate up to 8 groups of 16 <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> representation.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc4291_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4291-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>, a colon follows the initial scheme name (such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (<a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>) and <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP), and separates a <a href="/wiki/Port_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Port number">port number</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> or <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filenames</a>, the colon is reserved for use in <a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)#Microsoft" title="Fork (file system)">alternate data streams</a> and cannot appear in a filename.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used as the directory separator in <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>, and was difficult to use in early versions of the newer <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>-based <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> due to code swapping the slash and colon to try to preserve this usage. In most systems it is often difficult to put a colon in a filename as the shell interprets it for other purposes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> and early versions of <a href="/wiki/MSDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDOS">MSDOS</a> required the colon after the names of devices, such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">CON:</code> though this gradually disappeared except for disks (where it had to be between the disk name and the required <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">path representation</a> of the file as in <code>C:\Windows\</code>). This then migrated to use in <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URLs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3986_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Text_markup">Text markup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Text markup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Special:EditPage/Colon (punctuation)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is often used as a single post-fix <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a>, signifying a token keyword had immediately preceded it or the transition from one mode of character string interpretation to another related mode. Some applications, such as the widely used <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, utilize the colon as both a pre-fix and post-fix delimiter. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">wiki markup</a>, the colon is often used to indent text. Common usage includes separating or marking comments in a discussion as replies, or to distinguish certain parts of a text. </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Normal text. :Indented text by the means of a colon. ::The gap increases with colon number. </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Normal text. </p> <dl><dd>Indented text by the means of a colon. <dl><dd>The gap increases with colon number.</dd></dl></dd></dl> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In human-readable text messages, a colon, or multiple colons, is sometimes used to denote an action (similar to how <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisks</a> are used)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (May 2012)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> or to emote (for example, in <a href="/wiki/VBulletin" title="VBulletin">vBulletin</a>). In the action denotation usage it has the inverse function of quotation marks, denoting actions where unmarked text is assumed to be dialogue. For example: </p> <dl><dd><b>Tom:</b> Pluto is so small; it should not be considered a planet. It is tiny!</dd> <dd><b>Mark:</b> Oh really? ::drops Pluto on Tom's head:: Still think it's small now?</dd></dl> <p>Colons may also be used for sounds, e.g., ::click::, though sounds can also be denoted by asterisks or other punctuation marks. </p><p>Colons can also be used to represent eyes in <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticons</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">Semicolon</a> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">;</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Two dots (disambiguation)">Two dots (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The work was published anonymously and attributed to <a href="/wiki/George_Puttenham" title="George Puttenham">George Puttenham</a> in reprints.<sup id="cite_ref-arber_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arber-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PunctuationGuide-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PunctuationGuide_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepunctuationguide.com/colon.html">"Colon"</a>. <i>The Punctuation Guide</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111194829/https://www.thepunctuationguide.com/colon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Punctuation+Guide&rft.atitle=Colon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepunctuationguide.com%2Fcolon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"punctuation". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukshop.economist.com/products/the-economist-style-guide-12th-edition-e-book"><i>The Economist Style Guide</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.achive.org/web/20210523100728/https://ukshop.economist.com/products/the-economist-style-guide-12th-edition-e-book">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=punctuation&rft.btitle=The+Economist+Style+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukshop.economist.com%2Fproducts%2Fthe-economist-style-guide-12th-edition-e-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html"><i>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Sample References</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217002459/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html">archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Committee+of+Medical+Journal+Editors+%28ICMJE%29+Uniform+Requirements+for+Manuscripts+Submitted+to+Biomedical+Journals%3A+Sample+References&rft.pub=United+States+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbsd%2Funiform_requirements.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928021857/https://www.jbu.edu/assets/writing-center/resource/How_to_Cite_the_Bible.pdf">"How to Cite the Bible*. Guide for Four Citation Styles: MLA, APA, SBL, CHICAGO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>jbu.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_University" title="John Brown University">John Brown University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jbu.edu/assets/writing-center/resource/how_to_cite_the_bible.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2021-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jbu.edu&rft.atitle=How+to+Cite+the+Bible%2A.+Guide+for+Four+Citation+Styles%3A+MLA%2C+APA%2C+SBL%2C+CHICAGO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbu.edu%2Fassets%2Fwriting-center%2Fresource%2Fhow_to_cite_the_bible.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, 1st ed. "colon, <i>n.<sup>2</sup></i>" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1891.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nicky-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nicky_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolas, Nick. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/punctuation.html">Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120806003722/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/punctuation.html">Archived</a> 6 August 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>". 2005. Accessed 7 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arber-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arber_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arber_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArber1869" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arber" title="Edward Arber">Arber, Edward</a>, ed. (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10748543"><i>The Arte of English Poesie: 1589</i></a>. London: Alex. Murray & Son. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10748543?page=96,97">88</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026184916/https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10748543">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arte+of+English+Poesie%3A+1589&rft.place=London&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Alex.+Murray+%26+Son&rft.date=1869&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fen%2Fview%2Fbsb10748543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillin2001" class="citation book cs1">McMillin, Scott, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstquartoofoth0000shak"><i>The first quarto of Othello</i></a>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstquartoofoth0000shak/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56257-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56257-7"><bdi>978-0-521-56257-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+first+quarto+of+Othello&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56257-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstquartoofoth0000shak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dean-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dean_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2008" class="citation web cs1">Dean, Paul (25 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilovetypography.com/2008/04/25/extreme-type-terminology-part-4/">"Extreme Type Terminology Part 4: Numerals and Punctuation"</a>. <i>I Love Typography</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119203833/http://ilovetypography.com/2008/04/25/extreme-type-terminology-part-4/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Love+Typography&rft.atitle=Extreme+Type+Terminology+Part+4%3A+Numerals+and+Punctuation&rft.date=2008-04-25&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filovetypography.com%2F2008%2F04%2F25%2Fextreme-type-terminology-part-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martens-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-martens_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartens2010" class="citation web cs1">Martens, Nick (20 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122150147/http://bygonebureau.com/2010/01/20/the-secret-history-of-typography-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary/">"The Secret History of Typography in the Oxford English Dictionary"</a>. <i>The Bygone Bureau</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bygonebureau.com/2010/01/20/the-secret-history-of-typography-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary/">the original</a> on 22 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bygone+Bureau&rft.atitle=The+Secret+History+of+Typography+in+the+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.date=2010-01-20&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbygonebureau.com%2F2010%2F01%2F20%2Fthe-secret-history-of-typography-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sussex-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sussex_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1997" class="citation web cs1">Trask, Larry (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/colonandsemi/colon">"The Colon"</a>. University of Sussex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116232539/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/colonandsemi/colon">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Colon&rft.pub=University+of+Sussex&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2Finformatics%2Fpunctuation%2Fcolonandsemi%2Fcolon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Mason_(minister)" title="John Mason (minister)">John Mason</a>'s work, <i>An Essay on Elocution</i> (1748), notes that "A Comma Stops the Voice while we may privately tell one, a Semi Colon two; a Colon three: and a Period four."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://style.mla.org/colons-how-to-use-them/">"Colons: How to Use Them"</a>. <i>The MLA Style Center</i>. 2017-09-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810054447/https://style.mla.org/colons-how-to-use-them/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+MLA+Style+Center&rft.atitle=Colons%3A+How+to+Use+Them&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstyle.mla.org%2Fcolons-how-to-use-them%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacker2010" class="citation book cs1">Hacker, Diana (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bedfordhandbookw00hack"><i>The Bedford Handbook</i></a></span>. Boston-New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bedfordhandbookw00hack/page/n433">384</a>–387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-65269-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-65269-2"><bdi>978-0-312-65269-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bedford+Handbook&rft.place=Boston-New+York&rft.pages=384-387&rft.pub=Bedford%2FSt.+Martin%27s&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-312-65269-2&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbedfordhandbookw00hack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerianniCastelvecchi1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Luca_Serianni" title="Luca Serianni">Serianni, Luca</a>; Castelvecchi, Alberto (1988). <i>Grammatica italiana. Italiano comune e lingua letteraria. Suoni, forme, costrutti</i> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>: UTET. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-02-04154-7" title="Special:BookSources/88-02-04154-7"><bdi>88-02-04154-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammatica+italiana.+Italiano+comune+e+lingua+letteraria.+Suoni%2C+forme%2C+costrutti&rft.place=Turin&rft.pub=UTET&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=88-02-04154-7&rft.aulast=Serianni&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft.au=Castelvecchi%2C+Alberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO8601-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISO8601_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html"><i>Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation of dates and times</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Data+elements+and+interchange+formats+%E2%80%93+Information+interchange+%E2%80%93+Representation+of+dates+and+times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F40874.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trask-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trask_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Trask" title="Larry Trask">Trask, Larry</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/colonandsemi/colon">"The Colon"</a>. <i>Guide to Punctuation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116232539/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/informatics/punctuation/colonandsemi/colon">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guide+to+Punctuation&rft.atitle=The+Colon&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2Finformatics%2Fpunctuation%2Fcolonandsemi%2Fcolon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1995" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Pam (1995). Grayston, Graham (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Australian English style guide</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43401-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43401-0"><bdi>978-0-521-43401-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Australian+English+style+guide&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43401-0&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Pam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Example quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209020735/http://eatsshootsandleaves.com/eslguide.pdf"><i>An Educational Companion to </i>Eats, Shoots & Leaves</a> by Lynne Truss</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon1981" class="citation journal cs1">Dillon, J. T. (1981). "The emergence of the colon: An empirical correlate of scholarship". <i>American Psychologist</i>. <b>36</b> (8): 879–884. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0003-066x.36.8.879">10.1037/0003-066x.36.8.879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&rft.atitle=The+emergence+of+the+colon%3A+An+empirical+correlate+of+scholarship.&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=879-884&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066x.36.8.879&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=J.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon1982" class="citation journal cs1">Dillon, J. T. (1982). "In Pursuit of the Colon: A Century of Scholarly Progress: 1880-1980". <i>The Journal of Higher Education</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 93–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1981541">10.2307/1981541</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1981541">1981541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=In+Pursuit+of+the+Colon%3A+A+Century+of+Scholarly+Progress%3A+1880-1980&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-99&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1981541&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1981541%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=J.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend1983" class="citation journal cs1">Townsend, Michael A.R. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychology.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/NZJP-Vol121-1983-7-Townsend.pdf">"Titular Colonicity and Scholarship: New Zealand Research and Scholarly Impact"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Zealand Journal of Psychology</i>. <b>12</b>: 41–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409003450/http://www.psychology.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/NZJP-Vol121-1983-7-Townsend.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Titular+Colonicity+and+Scholarship%3A+New+Zealand+Research+and+Scholarly+Impact&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=41-43&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychology.org.nz%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FNZJP-Vol121-1983-7-Townsend.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupoKopelman1987" class="citation journal cs1">Lupo, James; Kopelman, Richard E. (1987). "Punctuation and publishability: A reexamination of the colon". <i>American Psychologist</i>. <b>42</b> (5): 513. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0003-066x.42.5.513.a">10.1037/0003-066x.42.5.513.a</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Punctuation+and+publishability%3A+A+reexamination+of+the+colon.&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=513&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066x.42.5.513.a&rft.aulast=Lupo&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Kopelman%2C+Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycplaywrights.org/p/playscript-template.html">"Playscript template"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230313163929/https://www.nycplaywrights.org/p/playscript-template.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Playscript+template&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycplaywrights.org%2Fp%2Fplayscript-template.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Capitalization.html">"Chicago Style Q&A: Capitalization"</a>. Chicagomanualofstyle.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015022853/http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Capitalization.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicago+Style+Q%26A%3A+Capitalization&rft.pub=Chicagomanualofstyle.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagomanualofstyle.org%2Fqanda%2Fdata%2Ffaq%2Ftopics%2FCapitalization.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012100137/http://www.duden.de/deutsche_sprache/newsletter/archiv.php?id=21">Duden Newsletter vom 24.08.2001</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/392/">"Hoofdletter na dubbele punt"</a>. taaladvies.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026015501/http://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/392">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoofdletter+na+dubbele+punt&rft.pub=taaladvies.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaaladvies.net%2Ftaal%2Fadvies%2Fvraag%2F392%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeRespinisHaywardJenkinsLaird2012" class="citation book cs1">DeRespinis, Francis; Hayward, Peter; Jenkins, Jana; Laird, Amy; McDonald, Leslie; Radzinski, Eric (2012). <i>The IBM Style Guide: Conventions for Writers and Editors</i>. Boston: IBM Press. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+IBM+Style+Guide%3A+Conventions+for+Writers+and+Editors&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=IBM+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=DeRespinis&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.au=Hayward%2C+Peter&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Jana&rft.au=Laird%2C+Amy&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Leslie&rft.au=Radzinski%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibaldi2008" class="citation book cs1">Gibaldi, Joseph (2008). <i>MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing</i>. New York: Modern Language Association of America. p. 91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MLA+Style+Manual+and+Guide+to+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Modern+Language+Association+of+America&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gibaldi&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2009" class="citation web cs1">Paterson, Derek (19 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://absolutewrite.com/forums/showthread.php?p=4279434#post4279434">"How many spaces after a colon?"</a>. <i>Absolute Write forums</i>. Post 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927105919/http://absolutewrite.com/forums/showthread.php?p=4279434#post4279434">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>Back in the typewriter day, when fading ink ribbons could result in commas being mistaken for periods and vice versa, typists were taught to insert 2 spaces after the period to differentiate between the two. The same happened with colons and semicolons: 2 spaces were left after a colon; 1 space after a semicolon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Absolute+Write+forums&rft.atitle=How+many+spaces+after+a+colon%3F&rft.pages=Post+4&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabsolutewrite.com%2Fforums%2Fshowthread.php%3Fp%3D4279434%23post4279434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keyintolanguageo04will/page/52/mode/2up">"A key into the language of America"</a>. 1643.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+key+into+the+language+of+America&rft.date=1643&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeyintolanguageo04will%2Fpage%2F52%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIoppolo2006" class="citation book cs1">Ioppolo, Grace (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wbZHFFvA9eUC&pg=PA73"><i>Dramatists and their manuscripts in the age of Shakespeare, Jonson, Middleton and Heywood</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203449424" title="Special:BookSources/9780203449424"><bdi>9780203449424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dramatists+and+their+manuscripts+in+the+age+of+Shakespeare%2C+Jonson%2C+Middleton+and+Heywood&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780203449424&rft.aulast=Ioppolo&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwbZHFFvA9eUC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuellerScodel2009" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Janel; Scodel, Joshua, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DO5vQXpdJHIC&pg=PA460"><i>Elizabeth I: translations, 1544-1589</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 460. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226201337" title="Special:BookSources/9780226201337"><bdi>9780226201337</bdi></a>. <q>In the medieval and early modern eras, [...] the colon and raised dot [...] signal a contracted word [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+I%3A+translations%2C+1544-1589&rft.pages=460&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780226201337&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDO5vQXpdJHIC%26pg%3DPA460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weston.ruter.net/projects/ipa-chart/view/">"The International Phonetic Alphabet"</a>. <i>Weston Ruter</i>. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729122639/http://westonruter.github.com/ipa-chart/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weston+Ruter&rft.atitle=The+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweston.ruter.net%2Fprojects%2Fipa-chart%2Fview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220252-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAshby2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">"L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730010133/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-252R%3A+Unicode+request+for+IPA+modifier-letters+%28a%29%2C+pulmonic&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; et al. (20 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhistlerFreytag2000" class="citation web cs1">Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (19 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf">"L2/00-119: Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219085257/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F00-119%3A+Encoding+Additional+Mathematical+Symbols+in+Unicode&rft.date=2000-04-19&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Freytag%2C+Asmus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2000%2F00119-math.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.freepascal.org/Becomes">"Becomes"</a>. <i>Free Pascal and Lazarus Wiki</i>. 4 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302024707/https://wiki.freepascal.org/Becomes">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Pascal+and+Lazarus+Wiki&rft.atitle=Becomes&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freepascal.org%2FBecomes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/rm12_w_tc1/html/RM-5-2.html">"Ada Reference Manual – 5.2 Assignment Statements"</a>. Ada Conformity Assessment Authority. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200520204221/http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/rm12_w_tc1/html/RM-5-2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ada+Reference+Manual+%E2%80%93+5.2+Assignment+Statements&rft.pub=Ada+Conformity+Assessment+Authority&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ada-auth.org%2Fstandards%2Frm12_w_tc1%2Fhtml%2FRM-5-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c99-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c99_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c99_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_JTC1/SC22/WG142007" class="citation web cs1">ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf">"ISO/IEC 9899:TC3 – Programming languages – C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200416164053/http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+9899%3ATC3+%E2%80%93+Programming+languages+%E2%80%93+C&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC22%2FWG14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2Fjtc1%2Fsc22%2Fwg14%2Fwww%2Fdocs%2Fn1256.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se18/html/jls-14.html">"The Java Language Specification – Chapter 14. Blocks, Statements, and Patterns"</a>. <i>Oracle Help Center</i>. Oracle. 23 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608143908/https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se18/html/jls-14.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oracle+Help+Center&rft.atitle=The+Java+Language+Specification+%E2%80%93+Chapter+14.+Blocks%2C+Statements%2C+and+Patterns&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fjavase%2Fspecs%2Fjls%2Fse18%2Fhtml%2Fjls-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html">"The Python Language Reference – 8. Compound statements"</a>. Python Software Foundation. 22 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160126080617/https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Python+Language+Reference+%E2%80%93+8.+Compound+statements&rft.pub=Python+Software+Foundation&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.python.org%2F3%2Freference%2Fcompound_stmts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA_TC392022" class="citation book cs1">ECMA TC39 (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-262_13th_edition_june_2022.pdf"><i>ECMA-262</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (13th ed.). Ecma International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704012713/https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-262_13th_edition_june_2022.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-262&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Ecma+International&rft.date=2022-06&rft.au=ECMA+TC39&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-262_13th_edition_june_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc8259-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc8259_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Bray2017" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Bray" title="Tim Bray">T. Bray</a> (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8259"><i>The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC8259">10.17487/RFC8259</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. STD 90. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8259">8259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+JavaScript+Object+Notation+%28JSON%29+Data+Interchange+Format&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC8259&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=T.+Bray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc8259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 90.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7159">7159</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220722004426/https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/identifiers">"Identifiers"</a>. <i>C++ Reference</i>. 16 June 2022. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Erlang&rft.atitle=Erlang+Reference+Manual+%E2%80%93+Expressions&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erlang.org%2Fdoc%2Freference_manual%2Fexpressions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/dotnet/visual-basic/programming-guide/program-structure/special-characters-in-code">"Special Characters in Code (Visual Basic)"</a>. <i>Microsoft Docs</i>. Microsoft. 15 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411195955/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/visual-basic/programming-guide/program-structure/special-characters-in-code">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=Special+Characters+in+Code+%28Visual+Basic%29&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-gb%2Fdotnet%2Fvisual-basic%2Fprogramming-guide%2Fprogram-structure%2Fspecial-characters-in-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forth-standard.org/standard/core/Colon">"Core: Glossary"</a>. <i>Forth Standard</i>. Forth-Standard-Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117054836/https://forth-standard.org/standard/core/Colon">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forth+Standard&rft.atitle=Core%3A+Glossary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforth-standard.org%2Fstandard%2Fcore%2FColon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'SullivanStewartGoerzen2007–2008" class="citation book cs1">O'Sullivan, Bryan; Stewart, Don; Goerzen, John (2007–2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/getting-started.html"><i>Getting Started</i></a>. Real World Haskell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710090552/http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/getting-started.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Started&rft.pub=Real+World+Haskell&rft.date=2007%2F2008&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Don&rft.au=Goerzen%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.realworldhaskell.org%2Fread%2Fgetting-started.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipovača2011" class="citation book cs1">Lipovača, Miran (April 2011). "Types and Typeclasses". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnyouahaskell.com/types-and-typeclasses"><i>Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1593272838" title="Special:BookSources/978-1593272838"><bdi>978-1593272838</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710015700/http://learnyouahaskell.com/types-and-typeclasses">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Types+and+Typeclasses&rft.btitle=Learn+You+a+Haskell+for+Great+Good%21&rft.date=2011-04&rft.isbn=978-1593272838&rft.aulast=Lipova%C4%8Da&rft.aufirst=Miran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnyouahaskell.com%2Ftypes-and-typeclasses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilnerTofteHarperMacQueen1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Milner, Robin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mads_Tofte" title="Mads Tofte">Tofte, Mads</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harper_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Harper (computer scientist)">Harper, Robert</a>; MacQueen, David (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smlfamily.github.io/sml97-defn.pdf"><i>The Definition of Standard ML</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Revised ed.). MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-63181-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-63181-4"><bdi>0-262-63181-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430075159/https://smlfamily.github.io/sml97-defn.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Definition+of+Standard+ML&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-262-63181-4&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Tofte%2C+Mads&rft.au=Harper%2C+Robert&rft.au=MacQueen%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmlfamily.github.io%2Fsml97-defn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DyalogAPL-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyalogAPL_53-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.dyalog.com/13.0/Dyalog%20APL%20Language%20Reference.v13.0.pdf">"Dyalog APL Language Reference Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dyalog Limited. April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040415/http://docs.dyalog.com/13.0/Dyalog%20APL%20Language%20Reference.v13.0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dyalog+APL+Language+Reference+Manual&rft.pub=Dyalog+Limited&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.dyalog.com%2F13.0%2FDyalog%2520APL%2520Language%2520Reference.v13.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#colon">"colon – null utility"</a>. <i>IEEE Std 1003.1-2017</i>. The Open Group. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181017145503/http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Std+1003.1-2017&rft.atitle=colon+%E2%80%93+null+utility&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.opengroup.org%2Fonlinepubs%2F9699919799%2Futilities%2FV3_chap02.html%23colon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsLyon1973" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Woods_(programmer)" title="Don Woods (programmer)">Woods, Donald R.</a>; Lyon, James M. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716084816/http://oops.se/~urban/pit/intercal.ps">"INTERCAL reference manual"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oops.se/~urban/pit/intercal.ps">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PS)</span> on 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INTERCAL+reference+manual&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rft.au=Lyon%2C+James+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foops.se%2F~urban%2Fpit%2Fintercal.ps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3986-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Berners-LeeR._FieldingL._Masinter2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fielding" title="Roy Fielding">R. Fielding</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">L. Masinter</a> (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986"><i>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3986">10.17487/RFC3986</a></span>. STD 66. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 66.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6874">6874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7320">7320</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8820">8820</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc4291-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc4291_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._HindenS._Deering2006" class="citation cs1">R. Hinden; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Deering" title="Steve Deering">S. Deering</a> (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291"><i>IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC4291">10.17487/RFC4291</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291">4291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IP+Version+6+Addressing+Architecture&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC4291&rft.au=R.+Hinden&rft.au=S.+Deering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc4291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Draft Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3513">3513</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5952">5952</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6052">6052</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7136">7136</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7346">7346</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7371">7371</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8064">8064</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-fscc/ffb795f3-027d-4a3c-997d-3085f2332f6f">"[MS-FSCC]: 2.1.5 Pathname"</a>. <i>Microsoft Docs</i>. Microsoft. 24 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201022102028/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-fscc/ffb795f3-027d-4a3c-997d-3085f2332f6f">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Docs&rft.atitle=%5BMS-FSCC%5D%3A+2.1.5+Pathname&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fopenspecs%2Fwindows_protocols%2Fms-fscc%2Fffb795f3-027d-4a3c-997d-3085f2332f6f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colon_(punctuation)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colons" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Colons">Colons</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016001636/http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/owl/Colon%20rules.htm">"Using the Colon"</a>. <i>On-line Writing Lab</i>. <a href="/wiki/Northland_Community_and_Technical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland Community and Technical College">Northland Community and Technical College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/owl/Colon%20rules.htm">the original</a> on 16 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On-line+Writing+Lab&rft.atitle=Using+the+Colon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprograms.northlandcollege.edu%2Fowl%2FColon%2520rules.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColon+%28punctuation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/punctuation/colons">Walden University Guides</a> Punctuation: Colons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" 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