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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-上消化道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上消化道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>上消化道</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-上消化道-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关上消化道子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-上消化道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-咽" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#咽"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>咽</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-咽-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>食道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>胃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-下消化道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#下消化道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>下消化道</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-下消化道-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关下消化道子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-下消化道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-腸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>腸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-小腸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#小腸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>小腸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-小腸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大腸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大腸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>大腸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大腸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肛門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肛門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>肛門</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肛門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病狀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病狀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>病狀</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-病狀-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关病狀子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-病狀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-免疫功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#免疫功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>免疫功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-免疫功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-組織" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組織"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>組織</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-組織-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关組織子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-組織-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-黏膜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黏膜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>黏膜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黏膜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黏膜下層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黏膜下層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>黏膜下層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黏膜下層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-肌層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#肌層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>肌層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-肌層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外膜或漿膜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外膜或漿膜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>外膜或漿膜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外膜或漿膜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">消化道</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。45种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قناة هضمية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قناة هضمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="পাচন নলী – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাচন নলী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracto_gastrointestinal" title="Tracto gastrointestinal – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tracto gastrointestinal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Страўнікава-кішачны тракт – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Страўнікава-кішачны тракт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="পরিপাক নালি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরিপাক নালি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tub_digestiu" title="Tub digestiu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tub digestiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%87%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Адаман хьеран-чуьйрийн тракт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Адаман хьеран-чуьйрийн тракт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1vic%C3%AD_soustava" title="Trávicí soustava – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trávicí soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gastrointestinal tract" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracto_gastrointestinal" title="Tracto gastrointestinal – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tracto gastrointestinal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedekulgla" title="Seedekulgla – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seedekulgla" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktu_gastrointestinal" title="Traktu gastrointestinal – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Traktu gastrointestinal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="لوله گوارش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوله گوارش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appareil_digestif" title="Appareil digestif – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Appareil digestif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conair_ghastraist%C3%A9igeach" title="Conair ghastraistéigeach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Conair ghastraistéigeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracto_gastrointestinal" title="Tracto gastrointestinal – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tracto gastrointestinal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toniya" title="Toniya – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Toniya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जठरांत्र क्षेत्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जठरांत्र क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gastrointestinal tract" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Ստամոքսաղիքային համակարգ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստամոքսաղիքային համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluran_pencernaan" title="Saluran pencernaan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saluran pencernaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B9" title="ಜಠರಗರುಳು ವ್ಯೂಹ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಠರಗರುಳು ವ್ಯೂಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%B0%BD%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B8" title="위창자길 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위창자길" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%94%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%B2%D9%84%D8%A0" title="شرٛٔپرَن نٲلؠ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شرٛٔپرَن نٲلؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koendama_heris%C3%AA_ya_mirovan" title="Koendama herisê ya mirovan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koendama herisê ya mirovan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanel_dretha" title="Kanel dretha – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kanel dretha" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тамак сиңирүү системасы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тамак сиңирүү системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina" title="Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="മനുഷ്യരിലെ പചനവ്യൂഹം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനുഷ്യരിലെ പചനവ്യൂഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluran_gastrousus" title="Saluran gastrousus – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saluran gastrousus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maag-darmstelsel" title="Maag-darmstelsel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maag-darmstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltingskanalen" title="Meltingskanalen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meltingskanalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_digestiu" title="Sistèma digestiu – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma digestiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przew%C3%B3d_pokarmowy" title="Przewód pokarmowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewód pokarmowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubo_digestivo" title="Tubo digestivo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tubo digestivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Желудочно-кишечный тракт – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Желудочно-кишечный тракт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentary_canal" title="Alimentary canal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alimentary canal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1viaca_s%C3%BAstava" title="Tráviaca sústava – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tráviaca sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="மனித இரையகக் குடற்பாதை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனித இரையகக் குடற்பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="జీర్ణశయాంతర ప్రేగు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీర్ణశయాంతర ప్రేగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ทางเดินอาหาร – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทางเดินอาหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_kanal" title="Gastrointestinal kanal – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gastrointestinal kanal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81" title="معدی امعائی حلقہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معدی امعائی حلقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%90ng_ti%C3%AAu_h%C3%B3a" title="Ống tiêu hóa – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ống tiêu hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="消化道 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="消化道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11829360#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_abdominal_digestive_organs" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11829360" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><table style="float: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg/339px-Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="339" height="524" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg/509px-Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg/678px-Digestive_system_diagram_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="821" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute; left:32px; top:6px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E8%85%BA" title="唾腺"><span style="color:transparent;">唾腺</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:32px; top:17px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA" title="腮腺"><span style="color:transparent;">腮腺</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:32px; top:28px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E9%A0%9C%E4%B8%8B%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下頜下腺（页面不存在）"><span style="color:transparent;">下頜下腺</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:31px; top:40px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舌下腺（页面不存在）"><span style="color:transparent;">舌下腺</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:89px; top:86px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔"><span style="color:transparent;">口腔</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:241px; top:62px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽"><span style="color:transparent;">咽</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:241px; top:78px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C" title="舌"><span style="color:transparent;">舌</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:241px; top:95px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道"><span style="color:transparent;">食道</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:211px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="胰腺"><span style="color:transparent;">胰腺</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:227px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃"><span style="color:transparent;">胃</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:243px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="胰管"><span style="color:transparent;">胰管</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:50px; top:216px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟"><span style="color:transparent;">肝臟</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:49px; top:235px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E5%9B%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="膽囊"><span style="color:transparent;">膽囊</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:35px; top:258px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="十二指腸"><span style="color:transparent;">十二指腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:290px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E6%80%BB%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="胆总管"><span style="color:transparent;">膽總管</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:48px; top:329px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結腸"><span style="color:transparent;">結腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:51px; top:345px"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠"><span style="color:transparent;">橫結腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:51px; top:360px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="升結腸"><span style="color:transparent;">升結腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:51px; top:376px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="降结肠"><span style="color:transparent;">降結腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:276px; top:378px"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠"><span style="color:transparent;">迴腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:404px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="盲腸"><span style="color:transparent;">盲腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:421px"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%8C%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="闌尾"><span style="color:transparent;">闌尾</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:124px; top:446px"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="直腸"><span style="color:transparent;">直腸</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:179px; top:466px"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="肛門"><span style="color:transparent;">肛門</span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">人類消化系統示意圖 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>消化道</b>是連接口腔和肛門的管道，由許多負責處理食物的構造組成。消化腺能分泌<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E6%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="消化液">消化液</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="消化">消化</a>食物。一個正常男性成人的消化道大約長6.5米，由上消化道和下消化道組成。 </p><p>人類的上消化道由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">口腔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>組成。口包含<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口腔黏膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="buccal mucosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口腔黏膜（页面不存在）">口腔黏膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/buccal_mucosa" class="extiw" title="en:buccal mucosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">buccal mucosa</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E6%B6%B2%E8%85%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="唾液腺">唾液腺</a>、舌頭和牙齒。在口後面是咽，咽連接着由肌肉組成的中空管道，即<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>。食道通过肌肉的收縮和放鬆，把食物向下推，穿過橫膈膜到達胃。<sup id="cite_ref-淺野伍郎146-149_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-淺野伍郎146-149-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-洪敏元/_劉良慧274_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪敏元/_劉良慧274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>下消化道包括腸和肛門。腸是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a>中，由胃至<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="肛門">肛門</a>之間的消化管道，為大部份<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>消化過程的所在地，將<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="营养">營養</a>吸收。 </p><p>小腸有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环状褶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circular folds"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%8A%B6%E8%A4%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环状褶（页面不存在）">环状褶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_folds" class="extiw" title="en:Circular folds"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circular folds</span></a></span>）</span></span>及绒毛，可以增加腸道的表面積，空腸可吸收像<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="醣">醣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="胺基酸">胺基酸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a>等的養分。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">迴腸</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0%E7%BB%92%E6%AF%9B" title="肠绒毛">肠绒毛</a>可以吸收<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B12" title="维生素B12">维生素B12</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E6%B1%81%E9%85%B8" title="胆汁酸">膽汁酸</a>，也可以吸收其他養分。 </p><p>大腸有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="盲腸">盲腸</a>，連接着<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%8C%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="闌尾">闌尾</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結腸">結腸</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="升結腸">升結腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠">橫結腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="降结肠">降結腸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="乙状结肠">乙狀結腸</a>，結腸的作用是吸收水分，但其中也有一些可以生成<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0K" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素K">維生素K</a>的細菌。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a>，是人的消化系统的一部分，它是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="肠">肠</a>的最后一部分，位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" title="肛门">肛门</a>的前面，其作用是积累<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%AA%E4%BE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="粪便">粪便</a>。当直肠中的粪便积累到一定程度后就会向<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91" title="大脑">大脑</a>通知这个状态，以便<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E4%BE%BF" title="排便">排便</a>。最後由肛門排出糞便。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="上消化道"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E6.B6.88.E5.8C.96.E9.81.93"></span>上消化道</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：上消化道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>上消化道由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="口">口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>組成。口包含<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口腔黏膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="buccal mucosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口腔黏膜（页面不存在）">口腔黏膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/buccal_mucosa" class="extiw" title="en:buccal mucosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">buccal mucosa</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E6%B6%B2%E8%85%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="唾液腺">唾液腺</a>、舌頭和牙齒。在口後面是<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a>，咽連接着一條由肌肉組成的中空管道，即<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>。食道通过肌肉的收縮和放鬆，把食物向下推，穿過橫隔膜到達胃。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="口"><span id=".E5.8F.A3"></span>口</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="口">口</a></div> <p>口腔是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87" title="唇">唇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD" title="腭">腭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E9%A2%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="面颊">面颊</a>和口腔底之间的空间，向上与<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E8%85%94" title="鼻腔">鼻腔</a>相通。 </p><p>向后口腔与两个颌弓后的咽腔相连。口腔的后面的开口是咽峡，前面的开口是<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%B4" class="mw-disambig" title="嘴">嘴</a>。整个口腔的内壁由粘膜层组成。唇与<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99" class="mw-redirect" title="牙">牙</a>（对于没有牙的人指其<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E5%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="牙床">牙床</a>）之间的口腔部分有腮腺的出口。牙后的口腔内有<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E6%B6%B2%E8%85%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="唾液腺">唾液腺</a>的出口，此外<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C" title="舌">舌</a>也在这里。口腔中重要的器官有舌、牙和唾液腺。口腔周围的咽、唇和臉颊也是非常重要的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="咽"><span id=".E5.92.BD"></span>咽</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：咽"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a></div> <p>咽為一條連接<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">口腔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E8%85%94" title="鼻腔">鼻腔</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a>交界）的圓錐形通道，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a>的一部份。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食道"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E9.81.93"></span>食道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：食道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></div> <p>食道是人和动物消化系統的一部分，上面連接咽，下面连通胃，紧贴脊柱的腹侧，具有输送食物的功能。食道是由肌肉組成的中空通道，在最尾端與胃相接的地方有一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C" title="括约肌">括約肌</a>確保<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%85%B8" title="胃酸">胃酸</a>不會逆流至食道。<sup id="cite_ref-洪敏元/_劉良慧274_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪敏元/_劉良慧274-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>食道在平時呈扁平狀，當有食物通過時會擴大。食物並非靠著地心吸力落入胃中，而是藉由食道壁的肌肉進行像波浪般<a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%95%E5%8A%A8" title="蠕动">蠕動</a>，強制將食物推入胃中，此外食道還會分泌黏液，讓食物可以容易通過。<sup id="cite_ref-淺野伍郎146-149_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-淺野伍郎146-149-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="胃"><span id=".E8.83.83"></span>胃</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：胃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a></div> <p>胃是人和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎动物">脊椎动物</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a>的一部分，是贮藏和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="消化">消化</a>食物的器官。 </p><p>胃上接<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a>，下接<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠</a>。位置大约位于人体的左上腹，肋骨以下。胃主要將大塊食物研磨成小塊，將食物中的大分子降解成較小的分子，以便進一步吸收。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">中医學</a>，胃是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%85%91" title="六腑">六腑</a>的一員，和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="五臟">五臟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%BE_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="脾 (臟腑)">脾</a>爲表裏。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="下消化道"><span id=".E4.B8.8B.E6.B6.88.E5.8C.96.E9.81.93"></span>下消化道</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：下消化道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下消化道包括腸和肛門。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="腸"><span id=".E8.85.B8"></span>腸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：腸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%87%9F" title="腸臟">腸臟</a></div> <p>腸是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a>中，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="肛門">肛門</a>之間的消化管道，為大部份<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="消化">消化</a>過程的所在地，將<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="营养">營養</a>吸收。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="小腸"><span id=".E5.B0.8F.E8.85.B8"></span>小腸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：小腸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="小腸">小腸</a></div> <p>小腸有三个部分： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="十二指腸">十二指腸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%B8" title="空腸">空腸</a>，是小腸的中段，介於十二指腸和迴腸之間，有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环状褶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circular folds"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%8A%B6%E8%A4%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环状褶（页面不存在）">环状褶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_folds" class="extiw" title="en:Circular folds"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circular folds</span></a></span>）</span></span>及绒毛．可以增加腸道的表面積，空腸可吸收像<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="醣">醣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="胺基酸">胺基酸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a>等的養分。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">迴腸</a>，有<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0%E7%BB%92%E6%AF%9B" title="肠绒毛">肠绒毛</a>可以吸收<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0B12" title="维生素B12">维生素B12</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E6%B1%81%E9%85%B8" title="胆汁酸">膽汁酸</a>，也可以吸收其他養分。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="大腸"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E8.85.B8"></span>大腸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：大腸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="大腸">大腸</a></div> <p>大腸有三個部份： </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="盲腸">盲腸</a>，連接着<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%8C%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="闌尾">闌尾</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結腸">結腸</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="升結腸">升結腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠">橫結腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="降结肠">降結腸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="乙状结肠">乙狀結腸</a>，結腸的作用是吸收水分，但其中也有一些可以生成<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0K" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素K">維生素K</a>的細菌。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a>，是人的消化系统的一部分，它是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="肠">肠</a>的最后一部分，位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" title="肛门">肛门</a>的前面，其作用是积累<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%AA%E4%BE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="粪便">粪便</a>。当直肠中的粪便积累到一定程度后就会向<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91" title="大脑">大脑</a>通知这个状态，以便<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E4%BE%BF" title="排便">排便</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="肛門"><span id=".E8.82.9B.E9.96.80"></span>肛門</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：肛門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="肛門">肛門</a></div> <p>肛門排出糞便。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病狀"><span id=".E7.97.85.E7.8B.80"></span>病狀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：病狀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些疾病和症狀會影響消化系统，包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%85%B8%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="盲腸炎">盲腸炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%9C%E6%B3%BB" title="乳糜泻">乳糜瀉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%82" title="霍亂">霍亂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8%E7%99%8C" title="大腸癌">大腸癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E7%80%89" title="腹瀉">腹瀉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%A9%E5%AE%A4%E7%82%8E" title="憩室炎">憩室炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%83%83%E7%82%8E" title="腸胃炎">腸胃炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E7%AC%AC%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="賈第蟲">賈第蟲</a>病</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87%E6%80%A7%E8%82%A0%E7%97%85" title="炎症性肠病">炎症性腸病</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" title="克隆氏症">克隆氏症</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E7%82%8E" title="溃疡性结肠炎">潰瘍性結腸炎</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8%E6%BF%80%E8%BA%81%E7%97%87" title="大腸激躁症">大腸激躁症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="胰腺炎">胰腺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8%E6%BD%B0%E7%98%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="胃及十二指腸潰瘍">胃及十二指腸潰瘍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%86%B1%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="黃熱病">黃熱病</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="免疫功能"><span id=".E5.85.8D.E7.96.AB.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>免疫功能</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：免疫功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>胃腸道是免疫系統重要的部份。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>消化道的表面面積，大約是一個标准<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%A0%B4" title="足球場">足球場</a>的表面面積。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組織"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94"></span>組織</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：組織"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gut_wall-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gut_wall-zh.svg/250px-Gut_wall-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gut_wall-zh.svg/375px-Gut_wall-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gut_wall-zh.svg/500px-Gut_wall-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>腸壁正常組織<br /> gland：腺<br /> Muscularis：肌層<br /> submucosa:黏膜下層<br /> circular muscle：環形肌<br /> longitudinal muscle：縱肌<br /> serosa：漿膜<br /> peritoneum：腹膜<br /> mucosa：黏膜<br /> villi：絨毛<br /> tubular gland：管狀腺<br /> mesentery：腸系膜</figcaption></figure> <p>消化道可以分為四個部份： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="筋層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscularis externa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%8B%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="筋層（页面不存在）">筋層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscularis_externa" class="extiw" title="en:Muscularis externa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscularis externa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%86%9C" title="外膜">外膜</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="漿膜">漿膜</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黏膜"><span id=".E9.BB.8F.E8.86.9C"></span>黏膜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：黏膜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a>是消化道的最內層，包圍管腔內，或在管內的開放空間。此層直接接觸消化的食物（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%B3%9C" title="食糜">食糜</a>）。 </p><p>黏膜分為三層： </p> <ul><li>上皮 - 最內層。</li> <li>固有層 - 一層結締組織。</li> <li>粘膜肌層 - 一層薄的平滑肌。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黏膜下層"><span id=".E9.BB.8F.E8.86.9C.E4.B8.8B.E5.B1.A4"></span>黏膜下層</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：黏膜下層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黏膜下層包括邁斯納神經叢（一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="腸神經系統">腸神經系統</a>），位於肌層的內表面上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="肌層"><span id=".E8.82.8C.E5.B1.A4"></span>肌層</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：肌層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肌層包括一個內側環形層和一個縱向外肌層。內側環形層防止食物向後移動，而縱向外肌層縮短消化道。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外膜或漿膜"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E8.86.9C.E6.88.96.E6.BC.BF.E8.86.9C"></span>外膜或漿膜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外膜或漿膜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在胃腸道的最外層，包括數層的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E7%B7%A0%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="結締組織">結締組織</a>。 </p><p>胃腸道的腹腔部分覆蓋漿膜層。漿膜層包含大部分的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="十二指腸">十二指腸</a>的第一部分，以及所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="小腸">小腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="盲腸">盲腸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%8C%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="闌尾">闌尾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠">橫結腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="乙状结肠">乙狀結腸</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="直腸">直腸</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="消化腺">消化腺</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-淺野伍郎146-149-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-淺野伍郎146-149_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-淺野伍郎146-149_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">淺野伍郎. 《人體學習大百科》. 瑞昇文化. : 146–149. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9575264762" title="Special:网络书源/9575264762"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9575264762</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&rft.au=%E6%B7%BA%E9%87%8E%E4%BC%8D%E9%83%8E&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9575264762&rft.pages=146-149&rft.pub=%E7%91%9E%E6%98%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-洪敏元/_劉良慧274-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-洪敏元/_劉良慧274_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-洪敏元/_劉良慧274_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">洪敏元/ 劉良慧. 《當代生理學》. 華杏. : 274. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9576403642" title="Special:网络书源/9576403642"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9576403642</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E6%95%8F%E5%85%83%2F+%E5%8A%89%E8%89%AF%E6%85%A7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9576403642&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=%E8%8F%AF%E6%9D%8F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard Coico, Geoffrey Sunshine, Eli Benjamini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/immunologyshortc2003coic">Immunology: a short course</a>. New York: Wiley-Liss. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-471-22689-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-471-22689-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-471-22689-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93&rft.au=Richard+Coico%2C+Geoffrey+Sunshine%2C+Eli+Benjamini&rft.btitle=Immunology%3A+a+short+course&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-22689-0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley-Liss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimmunologyshortc2003coic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Animal Physiology textbook</span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="躯干的解剖，消化系统：胃肠道（Gastrointestinal_tract），不包括口腔（TA_A05.3–7（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Anatomica&#125;-）、TH_H3.04.02-04（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Histologica&#125;-）、GA_11.1141（英语：-&#123;List_of_subjects_in_Gray&#039;s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology&#125;-））" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template talk:消化道"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:消化道"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="躯干的解剖，消化系统：胃肠道（Gastrointestinal_tract），不包括口腔（TA_A05.3–7（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Anatomica&#125;-）、TH_H3.04.02-04（英语：-&#123;Terminologia_Histologica&#125;-）、GA_11.1141（英语：-&#123;List_of_subjects_in_Gray&#039;s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology&#125;-））" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%80%E5%B9%B9" title="軀幹">躯干</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="人体解剖学">解剖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">胃肠道（Gastrointestinal tract）</a>，不包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">口腔</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TA A05.3–7" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminologia Anatomica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TA_A05.3%E2%80%937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TA A05.3–7（页面不存在）">TA A05.3–7</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" class="extiw" title="en:Terminologia Anatomica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminologia Anatomica</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TH H3.04.02-04" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terminologia Histologica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TH_H3.04.02-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TH H3.04.02-04（页面不存在）">TH H3.04.02-04</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" class="extiw" title="en:Terminologia Histologica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terminologia Histologica</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GA 11.1141" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GA_11.1141&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GA 11.1141（页面不存在）">GA 11.1141</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_subjects_in_Gray%27s_Anatomy:_XI._Splanchnology" class="extiw" title="en:List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#上消化道" title="消化系统">上消化道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梨状窝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piriform sinus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A8%E7%8A%B6%E7%AA%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梨状窝（页面不存在）">梨状窝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriform_sinus" class="extiw" title="en:Piriform sinus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piriform sinus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li>空间（腔） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%91%A8%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99" title="咽周间隙">咽周间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽后间隙（页面不存在）">咽后间隙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E6%97%81%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽旁间隙（页面不存在）">咽旁间隙</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食管后间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retrovisceral space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食管后间隙（页面不存在）">食管后间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" class="extiw" title="en:Retrovisceral space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retrovisceral space</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽后间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retropharyngeal space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E5%90%8E%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽后间隙（页面不存在）">咽后间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" class="extiw" title="en:Retropharyngeal space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retropharyngeal space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="危险间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danger space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="危险间隙（页面不存在）">危险间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_space" class="extiw" title="en:Danger space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danger space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="椎前间隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prevertebral space"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8E%E5%89%8D%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="椎前间隙（页面不存在）">椎前间隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevertebral_space" class="extiw" title="en:Prevertebral space"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prevertebral space</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翼突下頷縫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pterygomandibular raphe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BC%E7%AA%81%E4%B8%8B%E9%A0%B7%E7%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翼突下頷縫（页面不存在）">翼突下頷縫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" class="extiw" title="en:Pterygomandibular raphe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pterygomandibular raphe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽缝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngeal raphe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E7%BC%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽缝（页面不存在）">咽缝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngeal raphe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngeal raphe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="颊咽筋膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Buccopharyngeal fascia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%8A%E5%92%BD%E7%AD%8B%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颊咽筋膜（页面不存在）">颊咽筋膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" class="extiw" title="en:Buccopharyngeal fascia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Buccopharyngeal fascia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽颅底筋膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngobasilar fascia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E9%A2%85%E5%BA%95%E7%AD%8B%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽颅底筋膜（页面不存在）">咽颅底筋膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngobasilar fascia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngobasilar fascia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharyngeal muscles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咽肌（页面不存在）">咽肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" class="extiw" title="en:Pharyngeal muscles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharyngeal muscles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食道上括約肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Upper esophageal sphincter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93%E4%B8%8A%E6%8B%AC%E7%B4%84%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食道上括約肌（页面不存在）">食道上括約肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_esophageal_sphincter" class="extiw" title="en:Upper esophageal sphincter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Upper esophageal sphincter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8" title="贲门">食道下括約肌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食管腺（页面不存在）">食管腺</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%86%9C" title="外膜">外膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>按区域划分：</i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃大弯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Greater curvature of the stomach"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃大弯（页面不存在）">胃大弯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_curvature_of_the_stomach" class="extiw" title="en:Greater curvature of the stomach"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Greater curvature of the stomach</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃小弯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lesser curvature of the stomach"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%B0%8F%E5%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃小弯（页面不存在）">胃小弯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_curvature_of_the_stomach" class="extiw" title="en:Lesser curvature of the stomach"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lesser curvature of the stomach</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="角切迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angular incisure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E5%88%87%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角切迹（页面不存在）">角切迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_incisure" class="extiw" title="en:Angular incisure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angular incisure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8" title="贲门">贲门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门窦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门管</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>按层划分：</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8" title="幽门">幽门括约肌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="胃黏膜">胃黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃皱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gastric rugae"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E7%9A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃皱（页面不存在）">胃皱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_rugae" class="extiw" title="en:Gastric rugae"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gastric rugae</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E5%B0%8F%E5%87%B9" title="胃小凹">胃小凹</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fundic glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃腺（页面不存在）">胃腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Fundic glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fundic glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贲门腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cardiac glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B2%E9%97%A8%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贲门腺（页面不存在）">贲门腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Cardiac glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cardiac glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胃底腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fundic glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E5%BA%95%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃底腺（页面不存在）">胃底腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Fundic glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fundic glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幽门腺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyloric glands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BD%E9%97%A8%E8%85%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幽门腺（页面不存在）">幽门腺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyloric_glands" class="extiw" title="en:Pyloric glands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyloric glands</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AF%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="杯状细胞">杯状细胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F#下消化道" title="消化系统">下消化道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%87%9F" title="腸臟">腸臟</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠">小肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;">层</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="漿膜">浆膜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="浆膜下层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subserosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%86%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浆膜下层（页面不存在）">浆膜下层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subserosa" class="extiw" title="en:Subserosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subserosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环状皱襞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Circular folds"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%8A%B6%E7%9A%B1%E8%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环状皱襞（页面不存在）">环状皱襞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_folds" class="extiw" title="en:Circular folds"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Circular folds</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%82" title="黏膜肌层">黏膜肌层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E5%8F%A2" title="派亞氏淋巴叢">派亞氏淋巴叢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A0%E7%BB%92%E6%AF%9B" title="肠绒毛">肠绒毛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%B2%9D%E6%98%86%E6%B0%8F%E8%85%BA" title="利貝昆氏腺">肠腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%85%B8%E6%87%B8%E8%82%8C" title="十二指腸懸肌">十二指腸懸肌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4" title="十二指肠大乳头">十二指肠大乳头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4" title="十二指肠小乳头">十二指肠小乳头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠球部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十二指肠空肠曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duodenojejunal flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0%E7%A9%BA%E8%82%A0%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十二指肠空肠曲（页面不存在）">十二指肠空肠曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:Duodenojejunal flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duodenojejunal flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB%E7%B4%8D%E6%B0%8F%E8%85%BA" title="布倫納氏腺">十二指肠腺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%B8" title="空腸">空腸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>没有子结构</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">回肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">末端回肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E7%9B%B2%E7%93%A3" title="迴盲瓣">回盲瓣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%87%9F" title="腸臟">腸臟</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%A0" title="大肠">大肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;">层</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漿膜(組織學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="serosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%BF%E8%86%9C(%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漿膜(組織學)（页面不存在）">漿膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serosa" class="extiw" title="en:serosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">serosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肌层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muscular layer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%B1%A4" title="肌層">肌层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_layer" class="extiw" title="en:Muscular layer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muscular layer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="黏膜下層">黏膜下層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="黏膜">黏膜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%82%A0" title="盲肠">盲肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE" title="阑尾">阑尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="结肠">结肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="升结肠">升结肠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠肝曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hepatic flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%82%9D%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠肝曲（页面不存在）">结肠肝曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hepatic_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:hepatic flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hepatic flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="横结肠">横结肠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠脾曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="splenic flexure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%84%BE%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠脾曲（页面不存在）">结肠脾曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/splenic_flexure" class="extiw" title="en:splenic flexure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">splenic flexure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="降结肠">降结肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="乙状结肠">乙状结肠</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>continuous</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E8%85%B8%E5%B8%B6" title="結腸帶">結腸帶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="结肠袋" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="haustra"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E8%A2%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠袋（页面不存在）">结肠袋</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/haustra" class="extiw" title="en:haustra"><span lang="en" dir="auto">haustra</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肠脂垂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="epiploic appendix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%A0%E8%84%82%E5%9E%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肠脂垂（页面不存在）">肠脂垂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epiploic_appendix" class="extiw" title="en:epiploic appendix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">epiploic appendix</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直肠横襞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transverse folds of rectum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E6%A8%AA%E8%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直肠横襞（页面不存在）">直肠横襞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" class="extiw" title="en:Transverse folds of rectum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transverse folds of rectum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直肠壶腹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rectal ampulla"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0%E5%A3%B6%E8%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直肠壶腹（页面不存在）">直肠壶腹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="extiw" title="en:Rectal ampulla"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rectal ampulla</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #fd6;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal canal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛管（页面不存在）">肛管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_canal" class="extiw" title="en:Anal canal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal canal</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛柱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal columns"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛柱（页面不存在）">肛柱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_columns" class="extiw" title="en:Anal columns"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal columns</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛瓣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal valves"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%93%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛瓣（页面不存在）">肛瓣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_valves" class="extiw" title="en:Anal valves"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal valves</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛窦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anal sinuses"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E7%AA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛窦（页面不存在）">肛窦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sinuses" class="extiw" title="en:Anal sinuses"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anal sinuses</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门皮肤线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pectinate line"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门皮肤线（页面不存在）">肛门皮肤线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectinate_line" class="extiw" title="en:Pectinate line"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pectinate line</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门内括约肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sphincter ani internus muscle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E5%86%85%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门内括约肌（页面不存在）">肛门内括约肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter_ani_internus_muscle" class="extiw" title="en:Sphincter ani internus muscle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sphincter ani internus muscle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="括约肌间沟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intersphincteric groove"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C%E9%97%B4%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="括约肌间沟（页面不存在）">括约肌间沟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" class="extiw" title="en:Intersphincteric groove"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intersphincteric groove</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肛门外括约肌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sphincter ani externus muscle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%96%E6%8B%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肛门外括约肌（页面不存在）">肛门外括约肌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle" class="extiw" title="en:Sphincter ani externus muscle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sphincter ani externus muscle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人類肛門" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human anus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="人类肛门">肛门</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anus" class="extiw" title="en:Human anus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human anus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digestive_system_navs" title="Template talk:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Digestive_system_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Digestive system navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="消化系统索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li>解剖 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93" title="Template:消化道">消化道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E8%85%BA" title="Template:附属消化腺">消化腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%85%B9%E8%85%94" title="Template:腹腔">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:胃肠道生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:消化酶类">酵素</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" title="Template:消化系统发育">發育</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_digestive_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system">先天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:消化系统肿瘤">腫瘤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis（页面不存在）">炎症性腸病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Crohn%27s_disease_and_ulcerative_colitis" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Gluten_sensitivity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Gluten sensitivity（页面不存在）">穀蛋白過敏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gluten_sensitivity" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Gluten sensitivity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Gluten sensitivity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:消化系统疾病">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Digestive_system_and_abdomen_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs（页面不存在）">齊名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_digestive_system_and_general_abdominal_signs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:血液检验项目">血檢</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">治療過程</a></li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%84%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:雄激素类">合成代谢类固醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗酸药">抗酸药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF%E3%80%81%E8%82%A0%E9%81%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E/%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:止泻药、肠道抗炎/抗感染药">腹瀉及感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%82%9D%E3%80%81%E8%83%86%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:肝、胆疾病治疗药">肝胆病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:功能性胃肠疾病治疗药物">功能性胃腸疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BD%BB%E6%B3%BB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:轻泻药">轻泻药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1%E5%92%8C%E8%83%83%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81%E7%97%85%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:消化道溃疡和胃食管反流病治疗药物">消化道潰瘍和胃食管反流病治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A2%E5%90%90%E5%89%82" title="Template:止吐剂">止吐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E9%81%93%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:其它消化道和代谢药物">其他</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="Template:消化系统外科手术方法">手術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=消化道&oldid=79726112">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=消化道&oldid=79726112</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Category:消化系统">消化系统</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%85%B9%E9%83%A8" 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