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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronological_list_of_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_list_of_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chronological list of presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronological_list_of_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_general_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_general_elections"> 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98" title="ভাৰতীয় জন সংঘ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰতীয় জন সংঘ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98" title="ভারতীয় জনসংঘ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় জনসংঘ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%98" title="ભારતીય જનસંઘ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય જનસંઘ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="भारतीय जनसंघ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय जनसंघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92" title="בהרטיה ג'אנה סנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בהרטיה ג'אנה סנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನಸಂಘ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನಸಂಘ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%82" title="ഭാരതീയ ജനസംഘം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാരതീയ ജനസംഘം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="भारतीय जनसंघ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय जनसंघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="भारतीय जनसङ्घ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय जनसङ्घ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨ ਸੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਨ ਸੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="بھارتیہ جن سنگھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتیہ جن سنگھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjskie_Zgromadzenie_Ludowe" title="Indyjskie Zgromadzenie Ludowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjskie Zgromadzenie Ludowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாரதிய ஜனசங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரதிய ஜனசங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%98%E0%B1%8D" title="భారతీయ జనసంఘ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతీయ జనసంఘ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="بھارتیہ جن سنگھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتیہ جن سنگھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="印度人民同盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度人民同盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3245961#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF9933; border-bottom:2px solid #FF9933; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</div> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">21 October 1951<span class="noprint">; 73 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">21 October 1951</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart"></span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> (1977–1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (1980–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">Right-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-india_israel_relations_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india_israel_relations-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Saffron</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_lamp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party"><img alt="Diya, a traditional oil lamp, was the symbol of the party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oil_lamp.svg/120px-Oil_lamp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oil_lamp.svg/180px-Oil_lamp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Oil_lamp.svg/240px-Oil_lamp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #FF9933;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh</b> (<span style="font-size:85%;">abbreviated as</span> <b>BJS</b> or <b>JS</b>, short name: <b>Jan Sangh</b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> political party <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">active in India</a>. It was established on 21 October 1951 in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> by three founding members: <a href="/wiki/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyama Prasad Mukherjee">Shyama Prasad Mukherjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balraj_Madhok" title="Balraj Madhok">Balraj Madhok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a>. Jan Sangh was the political arm of <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), a Hindutva volunteer organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, it merged with several other <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Political centre">centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right</a> parties opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and formed the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the members of erstwhile Jan Sangh quit the Janata party after the defeat in the 1980 general elections and formed the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/220px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/330px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/440px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a>, founder of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh</figcaption></figure> <p>Many members of the right-wing Hindu nationalist <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)</a> began to contemplate the formation of a political party to continue their work, begun in the days of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, and take their ideology further. Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a> left the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a> political party that he had once led because of a disagreement with that party over permitting non-Hindu membership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrmila_SharmaSK_Sharma2001381_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrmila_SharmaSK_Sharma2001381-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKedar_Nath_Kumar199020–21_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKedar_Nath_Kumar199020–21-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIslam2006b227_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIslam2006b227-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Mainly two reasons led to the formation of Jan Sangh- first was the <a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a> and second, the ban on RSS after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />The state level units for Punjab, P.E.P.S.U. (Patiala and East Punjab States Union), Delhi, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Bharat were already established before it was formally founded at national level.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BJS was subsequently started by Mukherjee on 21 October 1951<sup id="cite_ref-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, with the collaboration of the R.S.S., as a "nationalistic alternative" to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IEGuinha_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEGuinha-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first plenary session of Jan Sangh was held at Kanpur in December 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Mukherjee in 1953, RSS activists in the BJS edged out the career politicians and made it a political arm of the RSS and an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/RSS_family_of_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS family of organisations">RSS family of organisations</a> (<i>Sangh Parivar</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strongest election performance of the BJS came in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967 Lok Sabha election</a> in which it won 35 seats,<sup id="cite_ref-roots_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the Congress majority was its thinnest ever.<sup id="cite_ref-General_Election_of_India_1967_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Election_of_India_1967-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> The party secured six out of seven parliamentary seats in Delhi and went on to wrest control of the Metropolitan Council and Municipal corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></div> <p>When BJS was formed, an 8-point programme was adopted.This formed the core of its ideology over the next years.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BJS leadership fervently supported a strong policy against Pakistan and China, and were averse to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Many BJS leaders also initiated the drive to ban <a href="/wiki/Cow_slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow slaughter">cow slaughter</a> nationwide in the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Establishment of full relations with Israel was also a demand in the party manifesto.<sup id="cite_ref-india_israel_relations_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india_israel_relations-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Uniform Civil Code was mentioned in the 1967 manifesto which said that the party would enact UCC if it came to power.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronological_list_of_presidents">Chronological list of presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chronological list of presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"># </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th scope="col">Term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/75px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/113px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg/150px-Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee_portrait_in_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a> </td> <td>1951–52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauli_Chandra_Sharma" title="Mauli Chandra Sharma">Mauli Chandra Sharma</a> </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nath_Dogra" title="Prem Nath Dogra">Prem Nath Dogra</a> </td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Debaprasad_Ghosh" title="Debaprasad Ghosh">Debaprasad Ghosh</a> </td> <td>1956–59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pitamber_Das" title="Pitamber Das">Pitamber Das</a> </td> <td>1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avasarala_Rama_Rao" title="Avasarala Rama Rao">Avasarala Rama Rao</a> </td> <td>1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(4) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Debaprasad_Ghosh" title="Debaprasad Ghosh">Debaprasad Ghosh</a> </td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raghu_Vira" title="Raghu Vira">Raghu Vira</a> </td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(4) </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Debaprasad_Ghosh" title="Debaprasad Ghosh">Debaprasad Ghosh</a> </td> <td>1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bachhraj_Vyas" title="Bachhraj Vyas">Bachhraj Vyas</a> </td> <td>1965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balraj_Madhok" title="Balraj Madhok">Balraj Madhok</a> </td> <td>1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a> </td> <td>1967–68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/75px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/113px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg/150px-Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_%28crop_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td>1968–72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lkadvani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/75px-Lkadvani.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/113px-Lkadvani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/150px-Lkadvani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1309" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> </td> <td>1973–77 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_general_elections">In general elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In general elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was created in 1951, and the first general election it contested was in 1951–52, in which it won only three Lok Sabha seats, in line with the four seats won by <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a> and three seats won by <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rajya_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Rajya Parishad">Ram Rajya Parishad</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durga_Charan_Banerjee" title="Durga Charan Banerjee">Durga Charan Banerjee</a> were elected from <a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Dakshin_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Kolkata Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency">Calcutta South East constituency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medinipur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency">Midnapore Jhargram constituency</a> in West Bengal and <a href="/wiki/Umashankar_Muljibhai_Trivedi" title="Umashankar Muljibhai Trivedi">Uma Shankar Trivedi</a> from <a href="/wiki/Chittorgarh_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Chittorgarh Lok Sabha constituency">Chittor constituency</a> in Rajasthan. All the like-minded parties formed a block in the Parliament, led by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roots_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:25%;">Year </th> <th style="width:15%;">General Election </th> <th style="width:15%;">Seats Won </th> <th style="width:15%;">Change in Seat </th> <th style="width:15%;">% of votes </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_Indian_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Indian general election">1951</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">1st Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>– </td> <td>3.06 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">2nd Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td>5.93 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-roots_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="3rd Lok Sabha">3rd Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td>6.44 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-roots_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">4th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>35 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21 </td> <td>9.31 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-roots_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roots-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">5th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td>7.35 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Founding_of_Jan_Sangh_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183142/http://www.bjp.org/en/about-the-party/history?u=founder">"Founding of Jan Sangh"</a>. <i>www.bjp.org</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000118/ina18037.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Revive+Jan+Sangh+%E2%80%93+BJP+hardlines&rft.date=2000-01-18&rft.au=Sharad+Gupta&rft.au=Sanjiv+Sinha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpressindia.indianexpress.com%2Fie%2Fdaily%2F20000118%2Fina18037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhok2018" class="citation web cs1">Madhok, Madhuri (20 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/time-remember-jana-sanghs-history">"Time to remember Jana Sangh's history"</a>. <i>The Sunday Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Guardian&rft.atitle=Time+to+remember+Jana+Sangh%27s+history&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft.aulast=Madhok&rft.aufirst=Madhuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsundayguardianlive.com%2Fnews%2Ftime-remember-jana-sanghs-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanungo2006" class="citation cs2">Kanungo, Pralaya (November 2006), "Myth of the Monolith: The RSS Wrestles to Discipline Its Political Progeny", <i>Social Scientist</i>, <b>34</b> (11/12): <span class="nowrap">51–</span>69, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644183">27644183</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Scientist&rft.atitle=Myth+of+the+Monolith%3A+The+RSS+Wrestles+to+Discipline+Its+Political+Progeny&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11%2F12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27644183%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kanungo&rft.aufirst=Pralaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roots-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roots_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roots_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roots_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roots_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roots_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchis_Mohan2014" class="citation news cs1">Archis Mohan (9 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-roots-of-india-s-second-republic-114100901275_1.html">"The roots of India's second republic"</a>. <i>Business Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=The+roots+of+India%27s+second+republic&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft.au=Archis+Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fbeyond-business%2Fthe-roots-of-india-s-second-republic-114100901275_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersenDamle1987165_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndersenDamle1987">Andersen & Damle 1987</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-General_Election_of_India_1967-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-General_Election_of_India_1967_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf">"General Election of India 1967, 4th Lok Sabha"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Election Commission of India. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Election+of+India+1967%2C+4th+Lok+Sabha&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2FStatisticalReports%2FLS_1967%2FVol_I_LS_67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVohra2018" class="citation web cs1">Vohra, Pankaj (20 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/jana-sangh-bjp-saga-started-delhi">"Jana Sangh-BJP saga started in Delhi"</a>. <i>The Sunday Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jana+Sangh-BJP+saga+started+in+Delhi&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft.aulast=Vohra&rft.aufirst=Pankaj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsundayguardianlive.com%2Fopinion%2Fjana-sangh-bjp-saga-started-delhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/politics/on-this-day-69-years-ago-200-leaders-formed-jana-sangh-it-is-now-the-bjp/528070/">"On this day 69 years ago, 200 leaders formed Jana Sangh. It is now the BJP"</a>. <i>The Print</i>. 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>. <q>When the BJS was formed, the party adopted an eight-point programme that largely formed its ideological core over the next few decades.These were: United Bharat; reciprocity instead of appeasement towards Pakistan; an independent foreign policy consistent with Bharat's paramount self-interest; rehabilitation of refugees with suitable compensation from Pakistan; increased production of goods, especially food and cloth, and decentralisation of industry; development of a single Bharatiya culture; equal rights for all citizens regardless of caste, community or creed, and improvement of the backward classes' standard; and readjustment of West Bengal's boundary with Bihar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Print&rft.atitle=On+this+day+69+years+ago%2C+200+leaders+formed+Jana+Sangh.+It+is+now+the+BJP&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fpolitics%2Fon-this-day-69-years-ago-200-leaders-formed-jana-sangh-it-is-now-the-bjp%2F528070%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/archives/article16183780.ece">"Anti-cow slaughter mob storms Parliament | From the Archives (dated 8 November 1966)"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 8 November 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>Thousands of rupees worth of damage to buildings and vehicles, both private and public, was caused by the mob which, in a violent and vociferous way, was demonstrating for the imposition of a ban on cow slaughter by Government. The parties who organised the demonstration, the number of participants in which was estimated between 3 lakhs and 7 lakhs, were the Jan Sangh, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Arya Samaj and the Sanatan Dharma Sabha</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Anti-cow+slaughter+mob+storms+Parliament+%7C+From+the+Archives+%28dated+8+November+1966%29&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Farchives%2Farticle16183780.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/uniform-civil-code-a-core-agenda-for-bjp-uccs-political-genesis-dates-back-to-jana-sangh-days/3388291/lite/">"Uniform Civil Code: A core agenda for BJP, UCC's political genesis dates back to Jana Sangh days"</a>. <i>Financial Express</i>. 8 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>. <q>The BJS' Lok Sabha manifesto of 1962 didn't mention the UCC. However, it found a clear mention in the BJS's 1967 manifesto, where it promised citizens that it would enact UCC if voted to power, and would bring "uniform law for marriage, succession and adoption for all citizens".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Express&rft.atitle=Uniform+Civil+Code%3A+A+core+agenda+for+BJP%2C+UCC%E2%80%99s+political+genesis+dates+back+to+Jana+Sangh+days&rft.date=2024-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Findia-news%2Funiform-civil-code-a-core-agenda-for-bjp-uccs-political-genesis-dates-back-to-jana-sangh-days%2F3388291%2Flite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNag2014">Nag 2014</a>, chapter 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_4-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENag2014chapter_4_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNag2014">Nag 2014</a>, chapter 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loksabhaph.nic.in/members/partyardetail.aspx?party_code=62&lsno=5">"Members : Lok Sabha"</a>. <i>loksabhaph.nic.in</i>. Parliament of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loksabhaph.nic.in&rft.atitle=Members+%3A+Lok+Sabha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floksabhaph.nic.in%2Fmembers%2Fpartyardetail.aspx%3Fparty_code%3D62%26lsno%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersenDamle1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Andersen" title="Walter K. 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Delhi: Vistaar Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brotherhood+in+Saffron%3A+The+Rashtriya+Swayamsevak+Sangh+and+Hindu+Revivalism&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Vistaar+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Walter+K.&rft.au=Damle%2C+Shridhar+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrotherhoodinsaf0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIslam2006b" class="citation book cs1">Islam, Shamsul (2006b). <i>Savarkar Myths and Facts</i>. Anamaika Publishing & Distributors.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Savarkar+Myths+and+Facts&rft.pub=Anamaika+Publishing+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Islam&rft.aufirst=Shamsul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKedar_Nath_Kumar1990" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Kedar Nath (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x3pJ8t4rxIsC"><i>Political Parties in India, Their Ideology and Organisation</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170992059" title="Special:BookSources/9788170992059"><bdi>9788170992059</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+India%2C+Their+Ideology+and+Organisation&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9788170992059&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Kedar+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx3pJ8t4rxIsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNag2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kingshuk_Nag" title="Kingshuk Nag">Nag, Kingshuk</a> (2014). <i>The Saffron Tide: The Rise of the BJP</i>. Rupa Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8129134295" title="Special:BookSources/978-8129134295"><bdi>978-8129134295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saffron+Tide%3A+The+Rise+of+the+BJP&rft.pub=Rupa+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8129134295&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Kingshuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrmila_SharmaSK_Sharma2001" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Urmila; Sharma, S.K. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BX3wIjJ9mvMC"><i>Indian Political Thought</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171566785" title="Special:BookSources/9788171566785"><bdi>9788171566785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Political+Thought&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788171566785&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Urmila&rft.au=Sharma%2C+S.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBX3wIjJ9mvMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Baxter" title="Craig Baxter">Baxter, Craig</a> (1971) [first published by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a> 1969]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/janasanghbiograp0000baxt"><i>The Jana Sangh – A Biography of an Indian Political Party</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press, Bombay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812275837" title="Special:BookSources/0812275837"><bdi>0812275837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jana+Sangh+%E2%80%93+A+Biography+of+an+Indian+Political+Party&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Bombay&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0812275837&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjanasanghbiograp0000baxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1990" class="citation book cs1">Graham, B. D. (1990). <i>Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-38348X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-38348X"><bdi>0-521-38348X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism+and+Indian+Politics%3A+The+Origins+and+Development+of+the+Bharatiya+Jana+Sangh&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-38348X&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (1996). <i>The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics</i>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1850653011" title="Special:BookSources/978-1850653011"><bdi>978-1850653011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Nationalist+Movement+and+Indian+Politics&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1850653011&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABharatiya+Jana+Sangh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sangh_Parivar_(RSS_Family_of_Organisations)188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar (RSS Family of Organisations)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Foundation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Political party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (1980-present)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> (1951-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a> (1948-1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Religion-specific wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Jagarana_Vedike" title="Hindu Jagarana Vedike">Hindu Jagarana Vedike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharm_Jagaran_Samiti" title="Dharm Jagaran Samiti">Dharm Jagaran Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra_Sena" title="Hindu Rashtra Sena">Hindu Rashtra Sena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Strata and trade-based wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Farmers wing: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hindu_Students%27_Forum" title="National Hindu Students' Forum">National Hindu Students' Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">NGOs and social welfare:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Kendra" title="Vivekananda Kendra">Vivekananda Kendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Tribals_Society" title="Friends of Tribals Society">Friends of Tribals Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Lok_Shiksha_Parishad" title="Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad">Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Development_and_Relief_Fund" title="India Development and Relief Fund">India Development and Relief Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Think tank affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India Foundation</li> <li>India Policy Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li>Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_International_Foundation" title="Vivekananda International Foundation">Vivekananda International Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Project specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala_Ayyappa_Seva_Samajam" title="Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam">Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Region specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Aikya_Vedi" title="Hindu Aikya Vedi">Hindu Aikya Vedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">News and communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Samvad_Kendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwa Samvad Kendra">Vishwa Samvad Kendra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samskrita_Bharati" title="Samskrita Bharati">Samskrita Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreeda_Bharati" title="Kreeda Bharati">Kreeda Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hindu_Military_Education_Society" title="Central Hindu Military Education Society">Central Hindu Military Education Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sarsanghchalaks_of_the_Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Sarsanghchalaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Bhagwat" title="Mohan Bhagwat">Mohan Bhagwat</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Sudarshan" title="K. S. Sudarshan">K. S. Sudarshan</a> (2000–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh_(RSS)" title="Rajendra Singh (RSS)">Rajendra Singh</a> (1994–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Dattatraya_Deoras" title="Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras">Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras</a> (1973–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">M. S. Golwalkar</a> (1940–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Vasudev_Paranjape" title="Laxman Vasudev Paranjape">Laxman Vasudev Paranjape</a> (1930–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">K. B. Hedgewar</a> (1925–1930 and 1931–1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Other major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Head of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> (Deputy Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (Prime Minister of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> (President of India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (Vice President of India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Moonje" title="B. S. Moonje">Balkrishna Shivram Moonje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Senior affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Singhal" title="Ashok Singhal">Ashok Singhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babasaheb_Apte" title="Babasaheb Apte">Babasaheb Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Thackeray" title="Bal Thackeray">Bal Thackeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Ranade" title="Eknath Ranade">Eknath Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhakar_Balwant_Dani" title="Prabhakar Balwant Dani">Prabhakar Balwant Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Togadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Praveen Togadia">Praveen Togadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Madhav" title="Ram Madhav">Ram Madhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Das_Paramhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramchandra Das Paramhans">Ramchandra Das Paramhans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Apte" title="S. S. Apte">S. S. Apte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Joshi_(RSS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suresh Joshi (RSS)">Suresh Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambhaji_Bhide" title="Sambhaji Bhide">Sambhaji Bhide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Kishore" title="Giriraj Kishore">Giriraj Kishore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Govindacharya" title="K. N. Govindacharya">K. N. Govindacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Rao_Bhagwat" title="Madhukar Rao Bhagwat">Madhukar Rao Bhagwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Karpatri" title="Swami Karpatri">Swami Karpatri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_Sangh_Parivar" title="Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frawley" title="David Frawley">David Frawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Agrawal" title="D. P. Agrawal">D. P. Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar_Chakrabarti" title="Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti">Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koenraad_Elst" title="Koenraad Elst">Koenraad Elst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Malhotra" title="Rajiv Malhotra">Rajiv Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Chavhanke" title="Suresh Chavhanke">Suresh Chavhanke</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balraj_Madhok" title="Balraj Madhok">Balraj Madhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girilal_Jain" title="Girilal Jain">Girilal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Lal" title="K. S. Lal">K. S. Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._S._Rajaram" title="N. S. Rajaram">N. S. Rajaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Krishna" title="Raj Krishna">Raj Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Dixit" title="Rajiv Dixit">Rajiv Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Prakash_Gupta" title="Swaraj Prakash Gupta">Swaraj Prakash Gupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF9933;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Cultural Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Indian influence on Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)" title="Mandala (political model)">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskritisation" title="Sanskritisation">Sanskritisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Equality without appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoritarianism" title="Minoritarianism">Anti-minoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarva_Dharma_Sama_Bhava" title="Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava">Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma-Dhamma unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Unity of Indian-origin religions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bharatiya_Janata_Party625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;;background:#FF9933"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Template talk:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharatiya Janata Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bharatiya_Janata_Party625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Party presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1980–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a> (1991–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushabhau_Thakre" title="Kushabhau Thakre">Kushabhau Thakre</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaru_Laxman" title="Bangaru Laxman">Bangaru Laxman</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Krishnamurthi" title="Jana Krishnamurthi">Jana Krishnamurthi</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> (2014–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Nadda" title="J. P. Nadda">J. P. Nadda</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current vice presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasundhara_Raje" title="Vasundhara Raje">Vasundhara Raje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudan_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudan Singh (page does not exist)">Saudan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijayant_Panda" title="Baijayant Panda">Baijayant Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Pandey" title="Saroj Pandey">Saroj Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekha_Verma" title="Rekha Verma">Rekha Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annpurna_Devi" title="Annpurna Devi">Annpurna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharti_Shiyal" title="Bharti Shiyal">Bharti Shiyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Aruna" title="D. K. Aruna">D. K. Aruna</a></li> <li>M. Chuba Ao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Abdullakutty" title="A. P. Abdullakutty">A. P. Abdullakutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmikant_Bajpai" title="Laxmikant Bajpai">Laxmikant Bajpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Usendi" title="Lata Usendi">Lata Usendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Mansoor" title="Tariq Mansoor">Tariq Mansoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">Prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> (1996; 1998–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy prime ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> (2002–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Other prominent leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavurao_Deshpande" title="Bhavurao Deshpande">Bhavurao Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandiben_Patel" title="Anandiben Patel">Anandiben Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Abbas_Naqvi" title="Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi">Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Naik" title="Ram Naik">Ram Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrakant_Bacchu_Patil" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrakant Bacchu Patil">Chandrakant Bacchu Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Ghosh_(politician)" title="Dilip Ghosh (politician)">Dilip Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamyang_Tsering_Namgyal" title="Jamyang Tsering Namgyal">Jamyang Tsering Namgyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Khurana" title="Madan Lal Khurana">Madan Lal Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_Verma" title="Sahib Singh Verma">Sahib Singh Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshubhai_Patel" title="Keshubhai Patel">Keshubhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Kumar" title="Shanta Kumar">Shanta Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_Dhumal" title="Prem Kumar Dhumal">Prem Kumar Dhumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Marandi" title="Babulal Marandi">Babulal Marandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Sadananda_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="D. V. Sadananda Gowda">D. V. Sadananda Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shettar" title="Jagadish Shettar">Jagadish Shettar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Bharti" title="Uma Bharti">Uma Bharti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulal_Gaur" title="Babulal Gaur">Babulal Gaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gupta" title="Ram Prakash Gupta">Ram Prakash Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdambika_Pal" title="Jagdambika Pal">Jagdambika Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Swami_(politician)" title="Nityanand Swami (politician)">Nityanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Koshyari" title="Bhagat Singh Koshyari">Bhagat Singh Koshyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Khanduri" title="B. C. Khanduri">B. C. Khanduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" title="Ramesh Pokhriyal">Ramesh Pokhriyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivendra_Singh_Rawat" title="Trivendra Singh Rawat">Trivendra Singh Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Chand_Kataria" title="Gulab Chand Kataria">Gulab Chand Kataria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hriday_Narayan_Dikshit" title="Hriday Narayan Dikshit">Hriday Narayan Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswabhusan_Harichandan" title="Biswabhusan Harichandan">Biswabhusan Harichandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaru_Dattatreya" title="Bandaru Dattatreya">Bandaru Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajubhai_Vala" title="Vajubhai Vala">Vajubhai Vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalraj_Mishra" title="Kalraj Mishra">Kalraj Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwarilal_Purohit" title="Banwarilal Purohit">Banwarilal Purohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilisai_Soundararajan" title="Tamilisai Soundararajan">Tamilisai Soundararajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._S._Yediyurappa" title="B. S. Yediyurappa">B. S. Yediyurappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Current chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Current<br />deputy chief ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowna_Mein" title="Chowna Mein">Chowna Mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanthungo_Patton" title="Yanthungo Patton">Yanthungo Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Pathak" title="Brajesh Pathak">Brajesh Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Maurya" title="Keshav Prasad Maurya">Keshav Prasad Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Samrat Chaudhary">Samrat Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Sinha" title="Vijay Kumar Sinha">Vijay Kumar Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Sao" title="Arun Sao">Arun Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Sharma_(politician)" title="Vijay Sharma (politician)">Vijay Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Shukla_(politician)" title="Rajendra Shukla (politician)">Rajendra Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Devda" title="Jagdish Devda">Jagdish Devda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_Kumari" title="Diya Kumari">Diya Kumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Chand_Bairwa" title="Prem Chand Bairwa">Prem Chand Bairwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak_Vardhan_Singh_Deo" title="Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo">Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravati_Parida" title="Pravati Parida">Pravati Parida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current<br />national spokespersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Baluni" title="Anil Baluni">Anil Baluni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Mayukh" title="Sanjay Mayukh">Sanjay Mayukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambit_Patra" title="Sambit Patra">Sambit Patra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanshu_Trivedi" title="Sudhanshu Trivedi">Sudhanshu Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shahnawaz_Hussain" title="Syed Shahnawaz Hussain">Syed Shahnawaz Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Pratap_Rudy" title="Rajiv Pratap Rudy">Rajiv Pratap Rudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Kohli" title="Nalin Kohli">Nalin Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>Gaurav Bhatia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Zafar_Islam" title="Syed Zafar Islam">Syed Zafar Islam</a></li> <li>Tom Vadakkan</li> <li>Sanju Verma</li> <li>Gopal Krishna Agarwal</li> <li>Iqbal Singh Lalpura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._P._Singh_(politician)" title="R. P. Singh (politician)">R. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyavardhan_Singh_Rathore" title="Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore">Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparajita_Sarangi" title="Aparajita Sarangi">Aparajita Sarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heena_Gavit" title="Heena Gavit">Heena Gavit</a></li> <li>Guruprakash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmhonlumo_Kikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mmhonlumo Kikon">Mmhonlumo Kikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raju_Bista" title="Raju Bista">Raju Bista</a></li> <li>K. K. Sharma</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current<br />general secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Singh_(Indian_politician)" title="Arun Singh (Indian politician)">Arun Singh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dushyant_Kumar_Gautam" title="Dushyant Kumar Gautam">Dushyant Kumar Gautam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarun_Chugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarun Chugh (page does not exist)">Tarun Chugh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Tawde" title="Vinod Tawde">Vinod Tawde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Das_Agarwal" title="Radha Mohan Das Agarwal">Radha Mohan Das Agarwal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._L._Santhosh" title="B. L. Santhosh">B. L. Santhosh</a> (Organisation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prakash" title="Shiv Prakash">Shiv Prakash</a> (Organisation)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Current<br />national secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijaya_Rahatkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijaya Rahatkar (page does not exist)">Vijaya Rahatkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvind_Menon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvind Menon (page does not exist)">Arvind Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaja_Munde" title="Pankaja Munde">Pankaja Munde</a></li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Narendra Singh">Narendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alka_Gujar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alka Gujar (page does not exist)">Alka Gujar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhurve" title="Om Prakash Dhurve">Om Prakash Dhurve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rituraj_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rituraj Sinha (page does not exist)">Rituraj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Prasad_Tasa" title="Kamakhya Prasad Tasa">Kamakhya Prasad Tasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Singh_Nagar" title="Surendra Singh Nagar">Surendra Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anil_Antony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anil Antony (page does not exist)">Anil Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjinder_Singh_Sirsa" title="Manjinder Singh Sirsa">Manjinder Singh Sirsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Dhankar" title="Om Prakash Dhankar">Om Prakash Dhankar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Political wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_Mahila_Morcha" title="BJP Mahila Morcha">BJP Mahila Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BJP_IT_Cell" title="BJP IT Cell">BJP IT Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_units_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party">State Presidents</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Related organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_Jagaran_Manch" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadeshi Jagaran Manch">Swadeshi Jagaran Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color:black;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Electoral history of the Bharatiya Janata Party">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party_in_the_Parliament_of_India" title="Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the Parliament of India">Party leaders in the Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party">Rajya Sabha members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245961#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata838" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245961#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata838" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245961#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5506140-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00016550">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007258760305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027405761">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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