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elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_general_elections_(Lok_Sabha)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_general_elections_(Lok_Sabha)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_general_elections_(Lok_Sabha)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Lok_Sabha_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Lok_Sabha_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>History of Lok Sabha elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Lok_Sabha_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Assembly_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Assembly_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>State Assembly elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Assembly_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>By-election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajya_Sabha_(Upper_House)_Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajya_Sabha_(Upper_House)_Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajya_Sabha_(Upper_House)_Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electoral procedures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_procedures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral procedures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vote_from_home" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote_from_home"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vote from home</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote_from_home-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indelible_ink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indelible_ink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Indelible ink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indelible_ink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Electronic voting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NOTA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NOTA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>NOTA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NOTA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absentee_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absentee_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Absentee voting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absentee_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postal_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postal_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span><i>Postal voting</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postal_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="ভারতে নির্বাচন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতে নির্বাচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εκλογές στην Ινδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκλογές στην Ινδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="انتخابات در هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات در هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_en_Inde" title="Élections en Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections en Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="भारतीय चुनाव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय चुनाव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="בחירות בהודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בחירות בהודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿನ ಚುನಾವಣೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿನ ಚುನಾವಣೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतामधील निवडणुका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतामधील निवडणुका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8" title="भारतमा निर्वाचन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतमा निर्वाचन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੋਣਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੋਣਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="بھارت دیاں عام چوناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت دیاں عام چوناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்தியத் தேர்தல்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியத் தேர்தல்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="భారతదేశ ఎన్నికలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశ ఎన్నికలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بھارتی انتخابات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتی انتخابات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3123403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br /> Fundamental Duties of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">15th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Ministries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Parliament</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">18th</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Lok_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Utpal Kumar Singh</li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Narayan_Singh" title="Harivansh Narayan Singh">Harivansh Narayan Singh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Chandra_Mody" title="Pramod Chandra Mody">Pramod Chandra Mody</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Law and judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian criminal law">Indian criminal law</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nagarik_Suraksha_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sakshya_Act,_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023">Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">Code of Civil Procedure</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of India">50th</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhananjaya_Y._Chandrachud" title="Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud">Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Bar_Association_(India)" title="Supreme Court Bar Association (India)">Bar Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_courts_in_India" title="List of district courts in India">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Nyayalayas_Act,_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Panchayat">Nyaya Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Other tribunals</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataramani" title="R. Venkataramani">R. Venkataramani</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Mehta" title="Tushar Mehta">Tushar Mehta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission" title="National Judicial Appointments Commission">National Judicial Appointments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legal_Services_Authority" title="National Legal Services Authority">National Legal Services Authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Elections and politics</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(civil_servant)" title="Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)">Rajiv Kumar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyanesh_Kumar" title="Gyanesh Kumar">Gyanesh Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Sandhu" title="Sukhbir Singh Sandhu">Sukhbir Singh Sandhu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a> </b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian vice presidential elections">Vice Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian vice presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian vice presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian vice presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Lok Sabha elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="List of Rajya Sabha elections">Rajya Sabha elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2024 Rajya Sabha elections">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2023 Rajya Sabha elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2022 Rajya Sabha elections">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State Assembly elections in India">State Assembly elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_elections_in_India" title="2019 elections in India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_elections_in_India" title="2020 elections in India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_elections_in_India" title="2021 elections in India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_elections_in_India" title="2022 elections in India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_India" title="2023 elections in India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_elections_in_India" title="2024 elections in India"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>National coalitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#State_parties" title="List of political parties in India">State parties</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (India)">States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">Union territories</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Development_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Development Block">Community Development Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Metropolitan Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Urban Agglomerations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">Executive</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor/Administrator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_ministries" title="Template:Current Indian ministries">Ministries</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">Legislative</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">Local Government</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Governance</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of India">Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika_(Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika (Municipality)">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Panchayat">Town Panchayat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="District Panchayat">District Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_Samiti_(Block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayat Samiti (Block)">Block Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram Panchayat">Gram Panchayat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabitra_Margherita" title="Pabitra Margherita">Pabitra Margherita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Mohan_Kwatra" title="Vinay Mohan Kwatra">Vinay Mohan Kwatra</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Indian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Indian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of India">Foreign Policy</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_Programme" title="Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme">ITEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_India" title="Template talk:Politics of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">Elections</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box_(no_bg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ballot box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/80px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/120px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/160px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Basic types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">By-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors#Election_and_removal" title="Board of directors">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct</a> / <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed-term_election" title="Fixed-term election">Fixed-term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_election" title="Local election">Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midterm_election" title="Midterm election">Mid-term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Plurality</a></li> <li>Primary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_primary" title="Nonpartisan primary">Nonpartisan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">Recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">Sortition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">Two-round system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Terminology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_elector" title="Anonymous elector">Anonymous elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_(politics)" title="Apportionment (politics)">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_audit" title="Election audit">Audits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_competition" title="Electoral competition">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_delimitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary delimitation">Boundary delimitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_voting" title="Crossover voting">Crossover voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">Electoral college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_law" title="Election law">Election law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_silence" title="Election silence">Election silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psephology" title="Psephology">Psephology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">Secret ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination_rules" title="Nomination rules">Right to stand for election</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Subseries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_administration" title="Election administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral systems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_by_country" title="Elections by country">Elections by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_close_election_results" title="List of close election results">Close elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_recent_elections_by_country" title="List of the most recent elections by country">Most recent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_next_general_elections" title="List of next general elections">Next general elections</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_national_electoral_calendar" title="2025 national electoral calendar">National</a> and <a href="/wiki/2025_local_electoral_calendar" title="2025 local electoral calendar">local</a> elections in 2025</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_security" title="Election security">Election security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">Electoral fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Referendum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Referendums_by_country" title="Referendums by country">by country</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">Electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_science" title="Election science">Election science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_candidate" title="Paper candidate">Paper candidate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections" title="Template:Elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections" title="Template talk:Elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> as defined by its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a>, with power distributed between the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">union government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states</a>. <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">India's democracy</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is the ceremonial head of state of the country and supreme commander-in-chief for all <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">defense forces</a> in India. However, it is the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>, who is the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">party</a> or <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">political alliance</a> having a majority in the national elections to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (Lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>). The Prime Minister is the leader of the legislative branch of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. The Prime Minister is the chief adviser to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> and the head of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a>. </p><p>India is regionally divided into States (and <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union Territories</a>) and each State has a <a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> who is the state's head, but the executive authority rests with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (India)">Chief Minister</a>, who is the leader of the party or political alliance that has won a majority in the regional elections, otherwise known as State Assembly Elections that exercises executive powers in that State. The respective State's Chief Minister has executive powers within the State and works jointly with the Prime Minister of India or their ministers on matters that require both State and Central attention. Some Union Territories also elect an Assembly and have a territorial government, and other (mainly smaller) Union Territories are governed by an administrator/<a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">lieutenant governor</a> appointed by the President of India. </p><p>The President of India monitors the rule of law through their appointed governors in each State and on their recommendation, can take over the executive powers from the Chief Minister of the State temporarily when the elected representatives of the State government have failed to create a peaceful environment and it has deteriorated into chaos. The President of India dissolves the existing State government if necessary, and a new election is conducted. </p><p>The Republic of India has instituted <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> (known as "universal adult franchise") since independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, with the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_Commission_of_India">Election Commission of India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Election Commission of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a> (ECI) is an autonomous authority of India that is enacted under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a>, responsible for monitoring and administering <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State</a> election processes in India. This body is responsible for ensuring elections are free and fair, without any bias.It derived its powers from A 324 of the constitution <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ECI, established as a permanent Constitutional Body, is entrusted by the Constitution with the superintendence, direction, and control of the entire electoral process for <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">State Legislatures</a>, and the offices of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a>. </p><p>Elections ensure the conduct of members pre-elections, during elections, and post-elections is as per the statutory legislation. </p><p>All election-related disputes are handled by the Election Commission. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act as appropriate. The first <a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">chief election Commissioner</a> was <a href="/wiki/Sukumar_Sen_(civil_servant)" title="Sukumar Sen (civil servant)">Sukumar Sen</a>. </p><p>The elections for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<i>council of states</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<i>house of the people</i>), <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State Legislative Assemblies</a> (including Union territories of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a>), and <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State Legislative Councils</a> are conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Election_Commissions">State Election Commissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: State Election Commissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a> (SEC) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering elections to the 3rd tier of governance, i.e., the Local Government, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">Panchayati Raj Institutions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Urban Local Bodies</a>. As per the constitutional provision, superintendence, direction, and control of the conduct of Elections to Urban & Rural Local bodies vest in State Election Commission. </p><p>State Election Commission consists of a State Election Commissioner, who is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> for a fixed tenure of 5 years and cannot be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of a High Court. </p><p>The elections to local self-government institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">municipalities</a>, are conducted by the respective <a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commissions</a> (SECs).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_elections">Types of elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types of elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elections in the Republic of India include elections for </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a>,</li> <li>Members of the Parliament in <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Upper house) and <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (Lower house),</li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Council_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Council (India)">State Legislative Councils</a>,</li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">State Legislative Assemblies</a> (includes legislative assemblies of three union territories - <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Capital Territory of Delhi">National Capital Territory of Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a>)</li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">local governance bodies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal bodies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">Panchayats</a>),</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">By-election</a> is held when a seat-holder of a particular constituency dies, resigns, or is disqualified.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_general_elections_(Lok_Sabha)"><span id="Parliamentary_general_elections_.28Lok_Sabha.29"></span>Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of Lok Sabha (House of the People), or the lower house of India's Parliament, are elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of India (who crossed 18 years of age) from a set of candidates who contest in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the Lok Sabha elections are called 'Members of Parliament' and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi, on matters relating to the creation of new laws and removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of India. Elections take place once in 5 years to elect 543 members for the Lok Sabha (Lower house).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> </table> <div style="overflow-x:auto; white-space:nowrap;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0;"> <caption style="text-align: left;">General election results <i>(Lok Sabha)</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1951%E2%80%931952.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">1st Lok Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">(1951–52)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1957.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_General_Election_1957.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1957.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_General_Election_1957.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1957.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Indian_General_Election_1957.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1957.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">2nd Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">(1957)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1967.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Indian_General_Election_1967.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1967.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Indian_General_Election_1967.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1967.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Indian_General_Election_1967.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1967.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">4th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">(1967)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1971.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_General_Election_1971.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1971.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_General_Election_1971.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1971.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_General_Election_1971.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1971.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">5th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">(1971)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1977.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indian_General_Election_1977.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1977.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indian_General_Election_1977.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1977.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indian_General_Election_1977.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1977.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/6th_Lok_Sabha" title="6th Lok Sabha">6th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">(1977)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1980.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Indian_General_Election_1980.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Indian_General_Election_1980.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Indian_General_Election_1980.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/7th_Lok_Sabha" title="7th Lok Sabha">7th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">(1980)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1984.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Indian_General_Election_1984.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1984.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Indian_General_Election_1984.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1984.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Indian_General_Election_1984.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1984.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1398" data-file-height="1622" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">(1984)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1989.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Indian_General_Election_1989.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1989.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Indian_General_Election_1989.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1989.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Indian_General_Election_1989.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1989.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">(1989)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1991.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Indian_General_Election_1991.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1991.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Indian_General_Election_1991.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1991.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Indian_General_Election_1991.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1991.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">(1991)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1996.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Indian_General_Election_1996.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1996.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Indian_General_Election_1996.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1996.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Indian_General_Election_1996.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1996.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">(1996)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1998.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Indian_General_Election_1998.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1998.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Indian_General_Election_1998.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1998.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Indian_General_Election_1998.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1998.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1718" data-file-height="1705" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">(1998)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_1999.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Indian_General_Election_1999.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_1999.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Indian_General_Election_1999.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_1999.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Indian_General_Election_1999.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_1999.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1691" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">(1999)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_General_Election_2004.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_General_Election_2004.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_General_Election_2004.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_2004.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">(2004)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_2009.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_General_Election_2009.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_2009.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_General_Election_2009.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_2009.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Indian_General_Election_2009.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_2009.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">(2009)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_General_Election_2014.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_General_Election_2014.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_General_Election_2014.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">(2014)</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Indian_General_Election_2019.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Indian_General_Election_2019.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Indian_General_Election_2019.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a>)</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_General_Election_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indian_General_Election_2024.svg/220px-Indian_General_Election_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indian_General_Election_2024.svg/330px-Indian_General_Election_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Indian_General_Election_2024.svg/440px-Indian_General_Election_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th Lok Sabha</a><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">(2024)</a></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_Lok_Sabha_elections">History of Lok Sabha elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History of Lok Sabha elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> elections<sup id="cite_ref-LS_Results_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS_Results-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Lok Sabha<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Election)</span> </th> <th rowspan="2">Total Seats </th> <th colspan="4">First </th> <th colspan="4">Second </th> <th colspan="4">Third </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Political party </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Percentage of votes </th> <th colspan="2">Political party </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Percentage of votes </th> <th colspan="2">Political party </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Percentage of votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Lok_Sabha" title="1st Lok Sabha">1st</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">1951–52</a>)</span> </td> <td>489 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>364 </td> <td>44.99% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#f50222; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>3.29% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Socialist Party (India)">Socialist Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#33CC00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>10.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Lok_Sabha" title="2nd Lok Sabha">2nd</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">1957</a>)</span> </td> <td>494 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>371 </td> <td>47.78% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>8.92% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praja_Socialist_Party" title="Praja Socialist Party">Praja Socialist Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F15270; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>10.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Lok_Sabha" title="3rd Lok Sabha">3rd</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962</a>)</span> </td> <td>494 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>361 </td> <td>44.72% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>9.94% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:Blue; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>7.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Lok_Sabha" title="4th Lok Sabha">4th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967</a>)</span> </td> <td>520 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>283 </td> <td>40.78% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:Blue; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>8.67% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>9.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Lok_Sabha" title="5th Lok Sabha">5th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971</a>)</span> </td> <td>518 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Indian National Congress (R)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:turquoise; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>352 </td> <td>43.68% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cc0d0d; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>5.12% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f50222; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>4.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Lok_Sabha" title="6th Lok Sabha">6th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977</a>)</span> </td> <td>542 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Lok_Dal" title="Bharatiya Lok Dal">Bharatiya Lok Dal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#0000FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>295 </td> <td>41.32% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Indian National Congress (R)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:turquoise; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>154 </td> <td>34.52% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#cc0d0d; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>4.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Lok_Sabha" title="7th Lok Sabha">7th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980</a>)</span> </td> <td>529 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#0EF4E1; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>353 </td> <td>42.69% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#06038D; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>9.39% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td>37 </td> <td>6.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Lok_Sabha" title="8th Lok Sabha">8th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a>)</span> </td> <td>541 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#0EF4E1; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>414 </td> <td>48.12% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFED00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>4.06% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>5.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989</a>)</span> </td> <td>529 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> </td> <td>197 </td> <td>39.53% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#2E8B57; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>143 </td> <td>17.79% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>85 </td> <td>11.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a>)</span> </td> <td>534 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> </td> <td>244 </td> <td>36.40% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>120 </td> <td>20.07% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#2E8B57; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>59 </td> <td>11.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>161 </td> <td>20.29% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#0EF4E1; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>140 </td> <td>28.80% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>8.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td>182 </td> <td>25.59% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>141 </td> <td>25.82% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#cc0d0d; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>5.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td>182 </td> <td>23.75% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>114 </td> <td>28.30% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>5.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>145 </td> <td>26.53% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>138 </td> <td>22.16% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>5.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">15th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>206 </td> <td>28.55% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td>116 </td> <td>18.80% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2222; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>3.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">16th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>282 </td> <td>31.34% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#00BFFF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>19.52% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#009933; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>37 </td> <td>3.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Lok_Sabha" title="17th Lok Sabha">17th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td>303 </td> <td>37.70% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>52 </td> <td>19.67% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF0D0D; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>2.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha" title="18th Lok Sabha">18th</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a>)</span> </td> <td>543 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td>240 </td> <td>36.56% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td>99 </td> <td>21.19% </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF2222; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>37 </td> <td>4.58% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Assembly_elections">State Assembly elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: State Assembly elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">State Legislative Assembly</a> are elected directly by voting from a set of candidates who contest in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">State Legislative Assemblies</a> elections are called 'Members of Legislative Assembly' (MLA) and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the Governor. The house meets in the respective state, on matters relating to the creation of new laws, removing, or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens living in that state. </p><p>The total strength of each assembly depends on each State, mostly based on size and population. Similar to the Lok Sabha elections, the leader of the majority party/alliance takes an oath as Chief Minister of the State. </p><p>The Election Commission conducts the elections and provides a voluntary facility to 80-plus-year-old electors to vote through ballot papers at their homes depending upon polling booth accessibility. Elections are taken up enthusiastically by a major portion of the population, who turn out in high numbers. For example, An 83-year-old woman, Dolma, cast her vote at the Chasak Bhatori polling station in the <a href="/wiki/Pangi_Valley" title="Pangi Valley">Pangi</a> area of the <a href="/wiki/Chamba_district" title="Chamba district">Chamba district</a> after covering 14 kilometers walking on a snowy road during the 2022 assembly elections in Himachal Pradesh.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the much awaited Lok Sabha elections in 2024, the state assembly elections in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana are an important political event. November 7 and November 17 are the scheduled dates for Chhattisgarh's elections, while Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana will hold their votes on November 17, November 23, and November 30, respectively. The political climate before the national elections is anticipated to be shaped by the outcomes of these elections, which are anticipated to be declared on December 3. Key political players in these states are diverse and competing for domination, such as the Indian National Congress (INC), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and other regional parties. These states differ in the quantity of assembly seats they have; Chhattisgarh has ninety <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>seats. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible sticky-header" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Legislative Assembly Elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>State/UT</th> <th>1950s</th> <th>1960s</th> <th>1970s</th> <th>1980s</th> <th>1990s</th> <th>2000s</th> <th>2010s</th> <th>2020s </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Elections in Andhra Pradesh">AP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1955_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">AS 1955</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1994</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Elections in Arunachal Pradesh">AR</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1978_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1984_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Assam" title="Elections in Assam">AS</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1991</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1996_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election">2001</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2006_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election">2006</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election">2011</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2016_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Assam_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election">2021</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bihar" title="Elections in Bihar">BR</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1969_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2000</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/February_2005_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2005 (Feb)</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/October_2005_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2005 (Oct)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2010</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2015_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2015</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2020</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2025_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2025</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Chhattisgarh" title="Elections in Chhattisgarh">CG</a> </th> <td colspan="5">State didn't exist. Was part of MP. (Established in 2000) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election">2003</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2008_Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election">2013</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2018_Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Chhattisgarh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Delhi" title="Elections in Delhi">DL</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> </td> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2015_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2015</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2020</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2025_Delhi_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election">2025</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Goa" title="Elections in Goa">GA</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1963_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1963</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1984_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1984 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election">1984</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election">1994</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gujarat" title="Elections in Gujarat">GJ</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1975_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1975 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1975</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haryana" title="Elections in Haryana">HR</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1968_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1968</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1982</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1991</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1996_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2000</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2005_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2005</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Haryana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Elections in Himachal Pradesh">HP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> <br /> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1993_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Elections in Jammu and Kashmir">JK</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election">1951</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jharkhand" title="Elections in Jharkhand">JH</a> </th> <td colspan="5">State didn't exist. Was part of Bihar. (Established in 2000) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election">2005</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Jharkhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Karnataka" title="Elections in Karnataka">KA</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Mysore_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Mysore Legislative Assembly election">Mysore 1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Mysore_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election">Mysore 1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Mysore_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election">Mysore 1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Mysore_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Mysore Legislative Assembly election">Mysore 1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Mysore_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Mysore Legislative Assembly election">Mysore 1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1994</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kerala" title="Elections in Kerala">KL</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Travancore-Cochin_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election">1952 Thiru-Kochi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1954_Travancore-Cochin_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election">1954 Thiru-Kochi</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/1957_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1960_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1960</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1965_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1965</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1970</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1982_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1982</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1991</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1996_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">2001</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2006_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">2006</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">2011</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2016_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">2021</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Elections in Madhya Pradesh">MP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Bhopal_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Bhopal Legislative Assembly election">Bhopal 1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1952_Madhya_Bharat_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election">MB 1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1952_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">MP 1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1952_Vindhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">VP 1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1993_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maharashtra" title="Elections in Maharashtra">MH</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Manipur" title="Elections in Manipur">MN</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1974_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1974</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1984_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2000</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2002_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Manipur_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Meghalaya" title="Elections in Meghalaya">ML</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1988_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1988</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mizoram" title="Elections in Mizoram">MZ</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1978_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1978 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1978</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1979_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1979 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1979</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1984 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1984</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nagaland" title="Elections in Nagaland">NL</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1964_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1964</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1969_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1974</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1982</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Odisha" title="Elections in Odisha">OD</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1961_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1961</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1971</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1974_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1974</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1995_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">1995</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2000</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2004_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Punjab,_India" title="Elections in Punjab, India">PB</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1969_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1992</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1997_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1997</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Puducherry" title="Elections in Puducherry">PY</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1964_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1964</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1969_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1974 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1974</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1977_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1980</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1985_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1990</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1991_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1991</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1996_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2001 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">2001</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2006_Pondicherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2006 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election">2006</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election">2011</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2016_Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Puducherry_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election">2021</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Rajasthan" title="Elections in Rajasthan">RJ</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1990</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1993_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sikkim" title="Elections in Sikkim">SK</a> </th> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">1979</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">1994</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1999_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">1999</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">2004</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2009_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">2014</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2019_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">2019</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election">2024</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Elections in Tamil Nadu">TN</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Madras_State_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election">Madras 1952</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1957_Madras_State_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election">Madras 1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Madras_State_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Madras State Legislative Assembly election">Madras 1962</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1967_Madras_State_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Madras State Legislative Assembly election">Madras 1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1971</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1977_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1980</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1984_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1984</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1989_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1991</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1996_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">2001</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2006_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">2006</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">2011</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2016_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election">2021</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Telangana" title="Elections in Telangana">TS</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_Hyderabad_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election">Hyderabad 1952</a> </td> <td colspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2014_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2014</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2018_Telangana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Telangana_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tripura" title="Elections in Tripura">TR</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td> –  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1983</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1988_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1988</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1998_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">1998</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">2003</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2008_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">2013</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2018_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Tripura_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election">2023</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Elections in Uttar Pradesh">UP</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1951</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1952_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1969_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1974</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1980</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1985_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1985</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1989_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1989</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1991</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1993_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1993</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1996_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uttarakhand" title="Elections in Uttarakhand">UT</a> </th> <td colspan="5">State didn't exist. Was part of UP. (Established in 2000) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election">2002</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2007_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election">2012</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2017_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election">2017</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_West_Bengal" title="Elections in West Bengal">WB</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1952</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1957_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1957</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1962_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1962</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1967_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1967</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1969_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1971</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1972_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1972</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1977_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1982</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1987_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1987</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1991</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/1996_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2001</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2006_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2006</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2011</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/2016_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2021</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By-election">By-election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When an elected candidate to either the State Assembly, Lok Sabha, or Rajya Sabha leaves the office vacant before their term ends, a by-election is conducted to find a suitable replacement to fill the vacant position. It is often referred to in India as bypolls. </p><p>Common reasons for by-elections: </p> <ul><li>Resignation by the sitting MP or MLA</li> <li>Death of the sitting MP or MLA</li></ul> <p>But other reasons occur when the incumbent becomes ineligible to continue in office (criminal conviction, failure to maintain a minimum level of attendance in the office, due to election irregularities found later, or when a candidate wins more than one seat and has to vacate one). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajya_Sabha_(Upper_House)_Elections"><span id="Rajya_Sabha_.28Upper_House.29_Elections"></span>Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of India's Parliament. Candidates are not elected directly by the citizens but by the <a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">members of legislative assemblies</a> and up to 13 can be nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members of the Parliament in Rajya Sabha get a tenure of six years, with one-third of the body facing re-election every two years. Rajya Sabha acts as a second-level review body before a bill becomes an act.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Ex-officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-officio">ex-officio</a></i> Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. </p><p>The legislative proposals (making new laws, removing, or appending new conditions to the existing law) are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and assented to by the President, becomes an Act of Parliament. </p><p>The Constitution of India, however, places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha, which makes the Lok Sabha more powerful in certain areas. For example, it stipulates that <a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">money bills</a> must originate in the Lok Sabha. </p><p>Members of Rajya Sabha debate bills sent by the Lok Sabha and can approve, reject, or send the bill back to the Lok Sabha for further debate and discussion on the matter, as well as to suggest better changes in the drafted bill. Members of the Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations to the Lok Sabha for money bills within 14 days. If the Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both the houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both Houses of Parliament of India in the form in which the Lok Sabha finally passes it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_procedures">Electoral procedures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electoral procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Candidates are required to file their nomination papers with the Electoral Commission. Then, a list of candidates is published. No party is allowed to use government resources for campaigning. No party is allowed to bribe the candidates before elections. The government cannot start a project during the election period. Campaigning ends by 6:00 pm two days before the polling day. </p><p>The polling is held between 7:00 am and 6:00 pm. The <a href="/wiki/District_magistrate" title="District magistrate">Collector</a> of each district is in charge of polling. Government employees are employed as poll officers at the polling stations. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic Voting Machines</a> (EVMs) are being used instead of ballot boxes to prevent election fraud. After the citizen votes, his or her left index finger is marked with indelible ink. This practice was instituted in 1962. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg/220px-Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg/330px-Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg/440px-Privacy_Shields_-_Voting_Booth_used_in_India_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2602" /></a><figcaption>Privacy Shields for Voting Booth used in India</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vote_from_home">Vote from home</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vote from home"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Election Commission of India has granted permission for individuals aged 80 and above and those with physical challenges to cast their votes from the comfort of their homes using ballot papers.<sup id="cite_ref-News_On_AIR_-_News_Services_Division_2023_g445_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News_On_AIR_-_News_Services_Division_2023_g445-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To avail of this facility, eligible individuals must register with the designated booth-level officer at least 10 days prior to the election date. The necessary Form 12-D for facilitating the postal ballot has to be submitted well in advance. A dedicated team of five officers, including a polling officer, micro observer, police officer, and photographer, will visit their residences to ensure a smooth and transparent polling process. The entire polling procedure will be documented through photographs and videos. While the option to vote from home is voluntary, the decision cannot be reversed later once an elector chooses this method. Election officials in Bhopal, India, are actively reaching out to the residences of super senior citizens (aged above 80 years) and voters with disabilities to provide assistance in submitting their votes through postal ballots for <a href="/wiki/2023_Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election">2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Ayub_2023_d863_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayub_2023_d863-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024 lok sabha elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">ECI</a> extended the "vote-from-home" option to people aged 85 years and above and to <a href="/wiki/Disability_in_India" title="Disability in India">Persons with Disabilities (PwD)</a> for the first time in the history of the Lok Sabha elections. The goal of this move is to improve participation and accessibility in the electoral process.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg/220px-Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg/330px-Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg/440px-Vote_From_Home_Option_For_People_Above_80_Or_With_Disabilities_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3107" data-file-height="2329" /></a><figcaption>A senior citizen (above 80) is casting her vote from home in <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indelible_ink">Indelible ink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Indelible ink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg/220px-Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg/330px-Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg/440px-Ink_used_in_India_Elections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Ink used in Indian elections</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg/220px-Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg/330px-Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg/440px-Ink_Bottle_used_in_Indian_Elections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Ink bottle pledge</figcaption></figure> <p>Research into indelible ink was commenced by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" title="Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">Council of Scientific and Industrial Research</a> (CSIR). In the 1950s, M. L. Goel worked on this research at the Chemical Division of the <a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_of_India" title="National Physical Laboratory of India">National Physical Laboratory of India</a>. The ink used contains <a href="/wiki/Silver_nitrate" title="Silver nitrate">silver nitrate</a>, which makes it <a href="/wiki/Photo-sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo-sensitive">photo-sensitive</a>. It is stored in amber-colored plastic or brown-colored glass bottles. On application, the ink remains on the fingernail for at least two days. It may last up to a month, depending on the person's body temperature and the environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_voting">Electronic voting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Electronic voting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voting_machine_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voting_machine_in_India.jpg/220px-Voting_machine_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voting_machine_in_India.jpg/330px-Voting_machine_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Voting_machine_in_India.jpg/440px-Voting_machine_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Voting machine</figcaption></figure> <p>BHAVIK (EVM) were first used in the 1997 election and became the only method of voting in 2004. The EVMs save time in reporting results. A <a href="/wiki/Voter-verified_paper_audit_trail" title="Voter-verified paper audit trail">voter-verified paper audit trail</a> (VVPAT) was introduced on 14 August 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2014 general election, VVPAT was operational in 8 constituencies (<a href="/wiki/Lucknow_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)">Gandhinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_South_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bangalore South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai_Central_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Central (Lok Sabha constituency)">Chennai Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Jadavpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raipur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Raipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)">Patna Sahib</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizoram_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)">Mizoram</a>) as a pilot project.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VVPATIndiaElections2014_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVPATIndiaElections2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A slip generated by the VVPAT tells a voter to which party or candidate their vote has been given, their name, their constituency and their polling booth.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opposition parties demanded that VVPAT be made mandatory all over India due to allegations against the government of hacking the EVM. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/Voter-verified_paper_audit_trail" title="Voter-verified paper audit trail">Voter-verified paper audit trails</a> (VVPATs) and EVMs were used in every assembly and the general election in India since 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 April 2019, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> gave the judgement, ordering the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a> to increase the VVPAT slips vote count to five randomly selected EVMs per assembly constituency, which means the Election Commission of India has to count VVPAT slips of 20,625 EVMs in the 2019 General elections.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VVPAT enables voters to cross-check whether the vote they have given goes to their desired candidate, as the VVPAT unit produces a paper slip, additionally called a ballot slip, that contains the name, serial number, and image of the candidate selected by the voter for his vote. Post the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Indian general elections">2019 general election</a>, ECI declared that there were no mismatches between EVM and VVPAT.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NOTA">NOTA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: NOTA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/None_of_the_Above_in_Indian_Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="None of the Above in Indian Elections">None of the Above in Indian Elections</a></div> <p>On 27 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India judged that citizens have the right to cast a negative vote by exercising the "<a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">None of the above</a>" (NOTA) option. This was the result of petitioning by the Electoral Commission and the People's Union for Civil Liberties in 2009. In November 2013, NOTA was introduced in five state elections. Even if the number of electors opting for the NOTA option is more than the number of votes polled by any of the candidates, the candidate who secures the largest number of votes has to be declared elected.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absentee_voting">Absentee voting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Absentee voting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India does not provide general <a href="/wiki/Absentee_ballot" title="Absentee ballot">absentee voting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 November 2010, the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill 2010 was gazetted to give voting rights to non-resident Indians but a physical presence at the voting booth is still required.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postal_voting"><i>Postal voting</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Postal voting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">Postal</a> voting in India is done only through the "Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot Papers (ETPB)" system of the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a>, where ballot papers are distributed to the registered eligible voters, and they return the votes by post. When the counting of votes commences, these postal votes are counted before those from the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic Voting Machines</a>. Only certain categories of people are eligible to register as postal voters. People working in the Union armed forces and state police, as well as their spouses and employees working for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> who are officially posted abroad, can register for the postal vote; these are also called the "Service voters". Additionally, people in <a href="/wiki/Preventive_detention" title="Preventive detention">preventive detention</a>, disabled, and those above the age of 80 years old can use postal votes. Prisoners cannot vote at all.<sup id="cite_ref-IndiaPostVote1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiaPostVote1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndiaPostVote2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiaPostVote2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndiaPostVote3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiaPostVote3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/49-O" title="49-O">49-O</a> Now replaced with 'NOTA (None of The Above)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_capturing" title="Booth capturing">Booth capturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_democracy#Indian_subcontinent" title="History of democracy">History of democracy in the Indian-subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_I" title="Gopala I">Gopala I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Franchise_For_Good_Governance" title="Exercise Franchise For Good Governance">Exercise Franchise For Good Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly elections in India">Legislative Assembly elections in India</a></li> <li>British India - General Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Indian_general_election" title="1920 Indian general election">1920 Indian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Indian_general_election" title="1923 Indian general election">1923 Indian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Indian_general_election" title="1926 Indian general election">1926 Indian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Indian_general_election" title="1930 Indian general election">1930 Indian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Indian_general_election" title="1934 Indian general election">1934 Indian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Indian_general_election" title="1945 Indian general election">1945 Indian general election</a></li></ul></li> <li>British India - Provincial Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1937_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1937 Indian provincial elections">1937 Indian provincial elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1946 Indian provincial elections">1946 Indian provincial elections</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_India&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Elections_in_India1977" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_elections" title="Template:Indian elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_elections" title="Template talk:Indian elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Elections_in_India1977" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Indian_general_election" title="1920 Indian general election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Indian_general_election" title="1923 Indian general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Indian_general_election" title="1926 Indian general election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Indian_general_election" title="1930 Indian general election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Indian_general_election" title="1934 Indian general election">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Indian_general_election" title="1945 Indian general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Indian_general_election" title="1951–52 Indian general election">1951–52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Indian_general_election" title="1957 Indian general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Indian_general_election" title="1962 Indian general election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Indian_general_election" title="2009 Indian general election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Indian_general_election" title="Next Indian general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_legislative_assembly_elections" title="List of Indian state legislative assembly elections">State elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Indian_general_election" title="1920 Indian general election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Indian_general_election" title="1923 Indian general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Indian_general_election" title="1926 Indian general election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Indian_general_election" title="1930 Indian general election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Indian_general_election" title="1934 Indian general election">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1937 Indian provincial elections">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Indian_general_election" title="1945 Indian general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1946 Indian provincial elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1951–52 elections in India">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1954 elections in India">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1955 elections in India">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1957 elections in India">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1960 elections in India">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1961 elections in India">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1962 elections in India">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1964 elections in India">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1965 elections in India">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1967 elections in India">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1968 elections in India">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1969 elections in India">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1970 elections in India">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1971 elections in India">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1972 elections in India">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1974 elections in India">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1975 elections in India">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1977 elections in India">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1978 elections in India">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1979 elections in India">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1980 elections in India">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1982 elections in India">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1983 elections in India">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1984 elections in India">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1985 elections in India">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1987 elections in India">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1988 elections in India">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1989 elections in India">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1990 elections in India">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1991 elections in India">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1992 elections in India">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1993 elections in India">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1994 elections in India">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1995 elections in India">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1996 elections in India">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1997 elections in India">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1998 elections in India">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="1999 elections in India">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2000 elections in India">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2001 elections in India">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2002 elections in India">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2003 elections in India">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2004 elections in India">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2005 elections in India">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2006 elections in India">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2007 elections in India">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2008 elections in India">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2009 elections in India">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_elections_in_India" title="2010 elections in India">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_elections_in_India" title="2011 elections in India">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_elections_in_India" title="2012 elections in India">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_elections_in_India" title="2013 elections in India">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_elections_in_India#Legislative_Assembly_elections" title="2014 elections in India">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_elections_in_India" title="2015 elections in India">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_elections_in_India" title="2016 elections in India">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_elections_in_India" title="2017 elections in India">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_elections_in_India" title="2018 elections in India">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_elections_in_India" title="2019 elections in India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_elections_in_India" title="2020 elections in India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_elections_in_India" title="2021 elections in India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_elections_in_India" title="2022 elections in India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_India" title="2023 elections in India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_elections_in_India" title="2024 elections in India">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_elections_in_India" title="2025 elections in India"><i>2025</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_elections_in_India" title="2026 elections in India"><i>2026</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2027_elections_in_India" title="2027 elections in India"><i>2027</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_elections_in_India" title="2028 elections in India"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: Elections in the <a href="/wiki/Template:Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_elections" title="Template:Andaman and Nicobar Islands elections">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Andhra_Pradesh_elections" title="Template:Andhra Pradesh elections">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Arunachal_Pradesh_elections" title="Template:Arunachal Pradesh elections">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Assam_elections" title="Template:Assam elections">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bihar_elections" title="Template:Bihar elections">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chhattisgarh_elections" title="Template:Chhattisgarh elections">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chandigarh_elections" title="Template:Chandigarh elections">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delhi_elections" title="Template:Delhi elections">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Goan_elections" title="Template:Goan elections">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gujarat_elections" title="Template:Gujarat elections">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Haryana_elections" title="Template:Haryana elections">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Himachal_Pradesh_elections" title="Template:Himachal Pradesh elections">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jammu_and_Kashmir_elections" title="Template:Jammu and Kashmir elections">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jharkhand_elections" title="Template:Jharkhand elections">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Karnataka_elections" title="Template:Karnataka elections">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerala_elections" title="Template:Kerala elections">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Madhya_Pradesh_elections" title="Template:Madhya Pradesh elections">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maharashtra_elections" title="Template:Maharashtra elections">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Manipur_elections" title="Template:Manipur elections">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Meghalaya_elections" title="Template:Meghalaya elections">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mizoram_elections" title="Template:Mizoram elections">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nagaland_elections" title="Template:Nagaland elections">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Odisha_elections" title="Template:Odisha elections">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Puducherry_elections" title="Template:Puducherry elections">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjab_(India)_elections" title="Template:Punjab (India) elections">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rajasthan_elections" title="Template:Rajasthan elections">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikkimese_elections" title="Template:Sikkimese elections">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tamil_Nadu_elections" title="Template:Tamil Nadu elections">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Telangana_elections" title="Template:Telangana elections">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tripura_elections" title="Template:Tripura elections">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Uttar_Pradesh_elections" title="Template:Uttar Pradesh elections">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Uttarakhand_elections" title="Template:Uttarakhand elections">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Bengal_elections" title="Template:West Bengal elections">West Bengal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_presidential_elections" title="Template:Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="Template:Indian vice presidential elections">Vice presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rajya_Sabha" title="Template:Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Asia408" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Asia408" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elections in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Afghanistan" title="Elections in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Armenia" title="Elections in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bahrain" title="Elections in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cambodia" title="Elections in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Egypt" title="Elections in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iraq" title="Elections in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jordan" title="Elections in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kazakhstan" title="Elections in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kuwait" title="Elections in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Elections in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Laos" title="Elections in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon" title="Elections in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Maldives" title="Elections in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mongolia" title="Elections in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Myanmar" title="Elections in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Singapore" title="Elections in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Elections in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria" title="Elections in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tajikistan" title="Elections in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Timor-Leste" title="Elections in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkmenistan" title="Elections in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uzbekistan" title="Elections in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yemen" title="Elections in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia" title="Elections in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Elections in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Ossetia" title="Elections in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elections in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Macau" title="Elections in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="India_topics12" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India_topics" title="Template:India topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India_topics" title="Template talk:India topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:India_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:India topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="India_topics12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">India topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_India" title="List of years in India">Years</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in India">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper_currency_in_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent">Paper currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_India" title="Postage stamps and postal history of India">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_on_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of science and technology on the Indian subcontinent">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana Kingdom">Yavana Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley" title="Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley">Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">Middle kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">European trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History" title="Rail transport in India">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India_under_the_British_Raj" title="Economy of India under the British Raj">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar#British_era" title="Zamindar">Zamindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Political reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">1943 famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_India" title="Youth in India">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_blogosphere" title="Indian blogosphere">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webcomics_in_India" title="Webcomics in India">Webcomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_India" title="Mass media in India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_painting" title="Indian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_physical_culture" title="Indian physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_India" title="List of the tallest statues in India">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_India" title="Sport in India">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">Traditional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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