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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Martyrs' shrines across the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Martyrs'_shrines_across_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Martyrs' shrines across the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Martyrs'_shrines_across_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mainland_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainland_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mainland China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainland_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul 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For the general concept, see <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg/220px-%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg/330px-%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg/440px-%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_20120818.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>Taipei Yuanshan Loyalty Shrine</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">忠烈祠</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">忠烈祠</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">충렬사</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">忠烈祠</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Chungnyeolsa</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Ch'ungnyŏlsa</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martyrs' shrines</b> or <b>hero shrines</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">忠烈祠</span>) are religious buildings used in Chinese hero cults. They are a kind of <a href="/wiki/Ci_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ci Shrine">Ci Shrine</a>, which is a separate building built to praise the spirit of loyalty and righteousness, and to memorialize the martyrs who died for the country. In addition to shrines dedicated to martyrs and loyal subjects, some of them are converted from other buildings, such as Shinto shrines.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> advocates the virtues of <a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">loyalty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yi_(philosophy)" title="Yi (philosophy)">righteousness</a>, the construction of the Temple not only commemorates and enshrines the martyrs who were martyred in the country, but also serves the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral</a> education. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/China_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="China (region)">China</a>, there were ancestral shrines dedicated to loyal subjects and martyrs, and the names of the shrines were given by the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fayuan_Temple" title="Fayuan Temple">Fayuan Temple</a> in Beijing was built by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Taizong of Tang">Emperor Taizong of Tang</a> to commemorate the martyrs who died in the Eastern Expedition <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a>, and was originally called Jienzhongsa Temple, but was renamed Fayuan Temple in the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. </p><p>This practice of building shrines to honor loyal and martyred soldiers, and then having them named by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a>, also spread to other regions in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">Chinese cultural sphere</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. After the end of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a> in these areas, the hero shrines were installed by the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Martyrs'_shrines_across_the_world"><span id="Martyrs.27_shrines_across_the_world"></span>Martyrs' shrines across the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Martyrs' shrines across the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainland_China">Mainland China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mainland China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the statistics of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)">Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China</a> in 1942, more than 600 counties and cities in mainland China had already set up loyalty shrines, mostly consisting of the old <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius" title="Temple of Confucius">Confucius Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guandi_Temple" title="Guandi Temple">Guandi Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_God_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="City God Temple">City God Temple</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jizo_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jizo Temple (page does not exist)">Jizo Temple</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%97%8F%E5%BA%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:地藏庵">zh</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Dongyue_Temple" title="Dongyue Temple">Dongyue Temple</a>, and even <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuangzhong_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuangzhong Temple (page does not exist)">Shuangzhong Temple</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%BF%A0%E5%BB%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:雙忠廟">zh</a>]</span>, Wuhou Temple, and other temples with small temples attached to them for worship. The <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine">Capital Loyalty Shrine</a> could not be built because of the war against Japan, even before the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan. </p><p>Although there were many martyrs' shrines built in China, some collapsed due to disrepair and others were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. </p> <ul><li>Nanyue Loyalty Shrine: Located in <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a>, completed on July 7, 1943, it is one of the earliest and largest anti-Japanese war memorial sites in China.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；</li> <li>It was built in 1939 to commemorate those who died during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">Battle of Changsha</a>, and the tomb of the fallen soldiers of the Seventy-third Army, built in 1946, is located in the mountain behind the Ancestral Hall.</li> <li>Tengchong Loyalty Ancestral Hall: located in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong County</a> in the National Cemetery of Shame, completed on July 7, 1945, dedicated to the fallen soldiers of the 20th Group of the Chinese Expeditionary Army in the battle of Tengchong during the War of Resistance against Japan.</li> <li>Shangcheng Loyalty Ancestral Hall: Located in the southeastern suburb of Shangcheng County, Henan Province, it was completed on July 7, 1943 and is dedicated to the fallen soldiers of the 84th Army during the War of Resistance against Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>The ancient martyrs are: Xinzhou Loyalty Ancestral Hall in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a>, Lujiazhuang Village, founded at an unknown date, dedicated to Gongsun Pestle and Mortar of the Jin Kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。The Zhou Wang Temple in Wuxi Yixing, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu Province</a>, is dedicated to Zhou Di, a Jin Dynasty general who died in the Jinxi expedition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this section with text translated from <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0_(%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3)" class="extiw" title="zh:忠烈祠 (臺灣)">the corresponding article</a> in Chinese</b>.  <i><small>(April 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0_(%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3)&sl=zh&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Chinese article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:忠烈祠 (臺灣)]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|zh|忠烈祠 (臺灣)}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)" title="Talk:Martyrs' shrines (China)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most of the existing shrines were originally converted from <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrines</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese era</a> after the war by the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>, and are dedicated to officers, soldiers, police, and people who died in the line of duty for the Republic of China and have their significant loyalty deeds. </p><p>In accordance with the "Rules for the Sacrifice of Martyrs' Shrines" promulgated by the Ministry of the Interior of the R.O.C., Martyrs' Shrines are located at the seats of municipal governments in a <a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine">National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine</a> is set up at the seat of the central government, and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> officiates at the shrine. </p><p>Following a 1998 legal amendment, people who were not affiliated with the military could be inducted into the shrine. Lin Ching-chuan, a teacher who died trying to save children in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Taoyuan_County_tour_bus_fire" title="1992 Taoyuan County tour bus fire">1992 Taoyuan County tour bus fire</a>, was the first civilian to be inducted into the shrine. Several police officers and firefighters who have died in the line of duty have also been commemorated at the shrine, including Yang Chi-chang, who died in the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_McDonald%27s_bombings" title="Taiwan McDonald's bombings">Taiwan McDonald's bombings</a>. Healthcare workers on duty during the Hoping Hospital lockdown of the <a href="/wiki/2003_SARS_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 SARS outbreak">2003 SARS outbreak</a> have also been inducted. Wen Yung-nan, who died in 1973 while delivering mail in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Nora_(1973)" title="Typhoon Nora (1973)">Typhoon Nora</a>, was the first postal worker to be inducted.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_martyrs'_shrines"><span id="List_of_martyrs.27_shrines"></span>List of martyrs' shrines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of martyrs' shrines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hualien_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="Hualien Martyrs' Shrine">Hualien Martyrs' Shrine</a> in Hualien</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="Kaohsiung Martyrs' Shrine">Kaohsiung Martyrs' Shrine</a> in Kaohsiung</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine">National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine</a> in Taipei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichung_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="Taichung Martyrs' Shrine">Taichung Martyrs' Shrine</a> in Taichung</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine">Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine</a> in Taoyuan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwushan_Martyrs%27_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiwushan Martyrs' Shrine (page does not exist)">Taiwushan Martyrs' Shrine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%A6%E5%B1%B1%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0" class="extiw" title="zh:太武山忠烈祠">zh</a>]</span> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Taiwu" title="Mount Taiwu">Mount Taiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Taipei_City_Martyrs%27_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Taipei City Martyrs' Shrine (page does not exist)">New Taipei City Martyrs' Shrine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%A0%E7%83%88%E7%A5%A0" class="extiw" title="zh:新北市忠烈祠">zh</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Tamsui" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamsui">Tamsui</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Korean Peninsula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> also has a number of shrines dedicated to martyrs who died during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592-1598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)">Incarnate Japanese Rebellion</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Song_Sang-hyeon" title="Song Sang-hyeon">Song Sang-hyeon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chungnyeolsa_(Busan)" title="Chungnyeolsa (Busan)">Busan Chungyeolsa</a> dedicated to General <a href="/wiki/Jeong_Bal" title="Jeong Bal">Jung dial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chungnyeolsa_(Busan)" title="Chungnyeolsa (Busan)">Busan Chungyeolsa</a> dedicated to General Lee Sun-sin, the Lord of Chungmu, the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">Korea</a>. Korea's head of state, patriots, and martyrs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Seoul_National_Cemetery" title="Seoul National Cemetery">Seoul National Cemetery</a> in Tongjak-dong, Tongjak-gu, Seoul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Influenced by Confucianism, which originated in China, Vietnam also has a number of loyalty shrines. The <a href="/wiki/Martial_temple" title="Martial temple">Martial temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi city</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_district" title="Đống Đa district">Dong Dao county</a>, a temple in the Vietnamese area of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Literature">Temple of Literature</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Martial_temple" title="Martial temple">Martial temple</a> of the post-Li dynasty, built in 1685, and is dedicated to famous generals of the Vietnamese dynasty. During the Nguyen dynasty, Nguyễn Tri Phương of the <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Armed Forces</a>, the officer who sacrificed himself against the invasion of the city, was also enshrined in the temple, along with Nguyen Linh, Truong Quoc Duy, Hoang Duy, Duan Thieu, and Nguyen Gao. The Martyr's Shrine is dedicated to the fallen soldiers during the Vietnam War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></div> <p>Japan set up <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dkonsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōkonsha">Shōkonsha</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial</a> era to enshrine the spirits of those who donated their lives to the country, and during the war, they were all renamed <a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokoku Shrine">Gokoku Shrines</a>, except for <a href="/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Yasukuni Shrine">Tokyo Shrine</a>, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Yasukuni Shrine">Yasukuni Shrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TAKAYAMA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAKAYAMA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shrine is often considered to be a symbol of Japanese <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shrine lists the names, origins, birthdates, and places of death of 2,466,532 men, women, children, and various pet animals.<sup id="cite_ref-deities_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deities-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those are 1,068 convicted <a href="/wiki/War_criminals" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminals">war criminals</a>, 14 of whom are A-Class (convicted of having been involved in the planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of the war).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to many <a href="/wiki/Controversies_surrounding_Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine">controversies surrounding the shrine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_of_the_East_Asian_cultural_sphere">Outside of the East Asian cultural sphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outside of the East Asian cultural sphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some overseas Chinese in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a> have also built martyrdom shrines in their hometowns, such as the Tangwo Martyrdom Shrine in Tangwo Village, Chiang Mai Province, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, which was built by local Chinese to worship the fallen soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_in_Burma" title="Kuomintang in Burma">Lone Army of Northern Thailand</a> Third Army. The shrine is dedicated to the fallen soldiers and sages of the Third Army of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_in_Burma" title="Kuomintang in Burma">Kuomintang in Burma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martial_temple" title="Martial temple">Martial temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wen_Wu_temple" title="Wen Wu temple">Wen Wu temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Martyrs%27_Shrine" title="National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine">National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Spring_Shrine" title="Eternal Spring Shrine">Eternal Spring Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Renaissance" title="Chinese Cultural Renaissance">Chinese Cultural Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">Ancestral shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallant_Garden" title="Gallant Garden">Gallant Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a> (home to the souls of fallen warriors in Scandinavian mythology)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walhalla_(memorial)" title="Walhalla (memorial)">Walhalla Shrine</a> (a hall of fame in Germany honoring "commendable and honorable Germans")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_common_end_of_myriad_good_deeds" title="The common end of myriad good deeds">The common end of myriad good deeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">Greek hero cult</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyrs%27_shrines_(China)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蔡錦堂:〈從神社忠烈祠－－戰前與戰後台灣「國家宗祀的轉換」〉。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Confucianism" title="Template:Religious Confucianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Religious_Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Religious Confucianism (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_Confucianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious Confucianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_Confucianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_Confucianism" title="Religious Confucianism">Religious Confucianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesa" title="Jesa">Jesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_to_Heaven" title="Sacrifice to Heaven">Sacrifice to Heaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Festival Huế">Festival Huế</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Shan" title="Feng Shan">Feng Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_and_music_system" title="Ritual and music system">Ritual and music system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Li" title="Guan Li">Guan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)" title="Ji Li (ceremony)">Ji Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage" title="Traditional Chinese marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ghost_marriage" title="Chinese ghost marriage">Ghost marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_the_living" title="Worship of the living">Worship of the living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shendao_shejiao" title="Shendao shejiao">Shendao shejiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion" title="Confucian ritual religion">Confucian ritual religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_of_Heaven_and_humanity" title="Unity of Heaven and humanity">Unity of Heaven and humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactions_Between_Heaven_and_Mankind" title="Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind">Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestor_veneration_in_China" title="Ancestor veneration in China">Ancestor veneration in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianxia" title="Tianxia">Tianxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Huang_Zisun" title="Yan Huang Zisun">Yan Huang Zisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_and_grain" title="Soil and grain">Soil and grain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_church" title="Confucian church">Confucian church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Confucian_Church" title="Holy Confucian Church">Holy Confucian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanyuan_teaching" title="Xuanyuan teaching">Xuanyuan teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taigu_school" title="Taigu school">Taigu school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengdao" title="Shengdao">Shengdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_Academy" title="Confucian Academy">Confucian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_Shinto" title="Confucian Shinto">Confucian Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8D_Taiseiky%C5%8D" title="Shintō Taiseikyō">Taiseikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_Shusei" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto Shusei">Shusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Ansai" title="Yamazaki Ansai">Suika Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">Onmyōdō</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Youwei" title="Kang Youwei">Kang Youwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Ansai" title="Yamazaki Ansai">Yamazaki Ansai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius" title="Temple of Confucius">Temple of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_royal_ancestral_shrine" title="Confucian royal ancestral shrine">Confucian royal ancestral shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">Ancestral shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_goods_store" title="Religious goods store">Religious goods store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hero shrine">Hero shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myo_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Myo shrine">Myo shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_(Seoul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jongmyo (Seoul)">Jongmyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munmyo" title="Munmyo">Munmyo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ci_shrine" title="Ci shrine">Ci shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_shrine" title="Miao shrine">Miao shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_miao" title="Yin miao">Yin miao</a></li> <li>Beijing Temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Shejitan" title="Beijing Shejitan">Beijing Shejitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Agriculture" title="Temple of Agriculture">Temple of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_tablet" title="Spirit tablet">Spirit tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_censer" title="Tiangong censer">Tiangong censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_money" title="Hell money">Hell money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_coin_charm" title="Confucian coin charm">Confucian coin charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_paper" title="Joss paper">Joss paper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics" title="Four Books and Five Classics">Four Books and Five Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Classics" title="Thirteen Classics">Thirteen Classics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wufang_Shangdi" title="Wufang Shangdi">Wufang Shangdi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidi_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baidi (god)">White Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaohao" title="Shaohao">Shaohao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidi_(god)" title="Heidi (god)">Black Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_(god)" title="Xuanwu (god)">Xuanwu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangdi" title="Cangdi">Bluegreen Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Xi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Xi">Fu Xi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidi_(god)" title="Chidi (god)">Red Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong">Shennong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame Emperor">Flame Emperor</a></li> <li><a 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