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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Retinol" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Retinol" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Funktion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funktion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Funktion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funktion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Funktion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Funktion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Syn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunsystemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunsystemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Immunsystemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immunsystemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fosterutveckling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fosterutveckling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fosterutveckling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fosterutveckling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bristtillstånd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bristtillstånd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bristtillstånd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bristtillstånd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Överdos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Överdos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Överdos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Överdos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Nutrition</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Källor_till_A-vitamin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor_till_A-vitamin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Källor till A-vitamin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor_till_A-vitamin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekvivalenter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekvivalenter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ekvivalenter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekvivalenter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rekommenderat_dagligt_intag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rekommenderat_dagligt_intag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Rekommenderat dagligt intag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rekommenderat_dagligt_intag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Retinol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 37 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="رتينول – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رتينول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2" title="রেটিনল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেটিনল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinool" title="Retinool – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Retinool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolo" title="Retinolo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Retinolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erretinol" title="Erretinol – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erretinol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="رتینول – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رتینول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9tinol" title="Rétinol – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rétinol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitean%C3%B3l" title="Reiteanól – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Reiteanól" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%86%80" title="레티놀 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레티놀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Ռետինոլ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռետինոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolo" title="Retinolo – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Retinolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84" title="ریٹینول – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ریٹینول" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAt%C3%AEnol" title="Rêtînol – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêtînol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2" title="ରେଟିନୋଲ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରେଟିନୋଲ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Ретинол – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ретинол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retino%C5%82o" title="Retinoło – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Retinoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Retinol" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E9%BB%84%E9%86%87" title="视黄醇 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="视黄醇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q424976#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Retinol" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Retinol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/290px-Retinol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/435px-Retinol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Retinol.svg/580px-Retinol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Retinols strukturformel (C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>30</sub>O)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Retinol_3D_balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Retinol_3D_balls.png/290px-Retinol_3D_balls.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Retinol_3D_balls.png/435px-Retinol_3D_balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Retinol_3D_balls.png/580px-Retinol_3D_balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>3D-modell av retinol</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Retinol</b> (från <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinets</a> <i>retina</i>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4thinna" title="Näthinna">näthinna</a>), även kallad <b>A-vitamin</b>, är en <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a> och ett <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamin</a>. A-vitamin finns i animaliska produkter i form av retinol, men också i vissa <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xter" class="mw-redirect" title="Växter">växter</a> som <a href="/wiki/Provitamin" title="Provitamin">förstadium</a> till A-vitamin i form av <a href="/wiki/Betakaroten" title="Betakaroten">betakaroten</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion">Funktion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Funktion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Funktion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syn">Syn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Syn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Syn"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A-vitamin i formen retinal har en essentiell roll i <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ga" title="Öga">ögats</a> funktion och mörkerseende. Förändringar i retinals struktur som svar på <a href="/wiki/Ljus" title="Ljus">ljus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stav_(biologi)" title="Stav (biologi)">stavar</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tapp_(biologi)" title="Tapp (biologi)">tappar</a> i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4thinna" title="Näthinna">näthinnan</a> skickar nervsignaler till hjärnan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lindrig brist på A-vitamin kan ge <a href="/wiki/Nattblindhet" title="Nattblindhet">nattblindhet</a> och allvarlig brist, vilket är ytterst ovanligt i Sverige men vanligare i <a href="/wiki/Utvecklingsland" title="Utvecklingsland">u-länder</a>, kan ge <a href="/wiki/Xeroftalmi" title="Xeroftalmi">xeroftalmi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Blindhet" title="Blindhet">blindhet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A-vitaminbrist är den enskilt största orsaken till blindhet i världen.<sup id="cite_ref-UNICEFvitaminA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNICEFvitaminA-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immunsystemet">Immunsystemet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Immunsystemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Immunsystemet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allvarlig A-vitaminbrist ger ökad mottaglighet för <a href="/wiki/Infektion" title="Infektion">infektioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hud">Hud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hud"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brist på A-vitamin. har associerats med <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammationer</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">huden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fosterutveckling">Fosterutveckling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fosterutveckling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fosterutveckling"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brist på A-vitamin under graviditet kan ge skador hos fostret.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> För höga nivåer av A-vitamin som vid substitution eller läkemedelsanvändning är <a href="/wiki/Teratogen" title="Teratogen">skadligt för fostret</a> under graviditet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bristtillstånd"><span id="Bristtillst.C3.A5nd"></span>Bristtillstånd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bristtillstånd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bristtillstånd"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Sverige är A-vitaminbrist sällsynt.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I andra delar av världen förekommer A-vitaminbrist.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Överdos"><span id=".C3.96verdos"></span>Överdos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Överdos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Överdos"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mer än 10 mg retinol per dag under en längre tid har gett <a href="/wiki/Symtom" title="Symtom">symptom</a> på överdos.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symptom på överdos ("hypervitaminos A") innefattar <a href="/wiki/Illam%C3%A5ende" title="Illamående">illamående</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A4kning" title="Kräkning">kräkning</a>, retlighet, huvudvärk och trötthet.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Övriga symptom kan vara dubbelseende, leverskador, skador på benvävnad, håravfall och fjällande hud.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bensk%C3%B6rhet" title="Benskörhet">Benskörhet</a> hos äldre kan kopplas till intag av höga doser A-vitamin, men resultaten överensstämmer inte i alla studier och det saknas konsensus för kopplingen.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lever_(livsmedel)" title="Lever (livsmedel)">Levern</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Rovdjur" title="Rovdjur">rovdjur</a>, bland annat <a href="/wiki/Isbj%C3%B6rn" title="Isbjörn">isbjörn</a>, innehåller hälsovådliga mängder av A-vitamin. </p><p>Intag av <a href="/wiki/Karotenoid" title="Karotenoid">karotenoider</a>, som <a href="/wiki/Betakaroten" title="Betakaroten">betakaroten</a>, kan inte orsaka överdos av A-vitamin, eftersom upptaget av karotenoider avtar med ökat intag.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nutrition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nutrition"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Källor_till_A-vitamin"><span id="K.C3.A4llor_till_A-vitamin"></span>Källor till A-vitamin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor till A-vitamin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor till A-vitamin"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A-vitamin förekommer som retinol, samt som <a href="/wiki/Provitamin" title="Provitamin">provitamin</a> i form av <a href="/wiki/Karotenoid" title="Karotenoid">karotenoider</a>. Retinol och andra retinoider finns rikligt i <a href="/wiki/Lever_(livsmedel)" title="Lever (livsmedel)">lever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matfett" title="Matfett">matfett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ost" title="Ost">ost</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%84gg_(livsmedel)" title="Ägg (livsmedel)">ägg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karotenoider finns i <a href="/wiki/Morot" title="Morot">morötter</a>, och i andra <a href="/wiki/Rotfrukter" title="Rotfrukter">rotfrukter</a> och <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nsaker" title="Grönsaker">grönsaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekvivalenter">Ekvivalenter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekvivalenter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekvivalenter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olika källor till A-vitamin ger efter omvandling olika utbyte verksam A-vitamin. Mängden som krävs för att ge en viss mängd verksam A-vitamin mäts i <i>retinolekvivalenter</i> (<i>RE</i>), där 1 <a href="/wiki/Mikrogram" title="Mikrogram">µg</a> A-vitamin motsvarar 1 retinolekvivalent, vilket också är lika med 1 µg retinol.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kroppen omvandlar ungefär en tolftedel av intaget <a href="/wiki/Betakaroten" title="Betakaroten">β-karoten</a> till retinol (för andra typer av karoten är utbytet mindre), vilket innebär att det exempelvis krävs ett intag av 12 µg β-karoten (= 1 retinolekvivalent) för att kroppen ska kunna tillgodogöra sig 1 µg verksam A-vitamin.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När β-karoten däremot intas som kosttillskott omvandlas en större andel till retinol, nämligen hälften av intaget.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Detta ska inte förväxlas med en annan ekvivalent, kallad <i><a href="/wiki/Internationell_enhet" title="Internationell enhet">internationell enhet</a></i>, <i>IE</i>, som uttrycker samlad biologisk inverkan av alla varianter av en viss vitamin. Omräkningstal mellan IE och vikt är olika för varje slag av vitamin. För A-vitamin gäller<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 IE = 0,33 µg retinol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekommenderat_dagligt_intag">Rekommenderat dagligt intag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rekommenderat dagligt intag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rekommenderat dagligt intag"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/wiki/Livsmedelsverket" title="Livsmedelsverket">Livsmedelsverket</a> är <a href="/wiki/Rekommenderat_dagligt_intag" title="Rekommenderat dagligt intag">rekommenderat dagligt intag</a> (RDI) för A-vitamin:<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>retinolekvivalenter (RE) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Män</td> <td align="center">900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kvinnor</td> <td align="center">700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>    gravida </td> <td align="center">800<br /><i>max</i>: 1 mg A-vitamin per dag som kosttillskott </td></tr> <tr> <td>    ammande</td> <td align="center">1100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Det finns rekommendationer om högsta dagsdoser A-vitamin över längre tid.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gränsen är lägre för barn, på grund av risk för tillväxthämning, och för gravida, på grund av risk för fosterskador.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Äldre vuxna rekommenderas inte kosttillskott av A-vitamin, på grund av ökad risk för <a href="/wiki/Bensk%C3%B6rhet" title="Benskörhet">benskörhet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinol&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFSaari2016">Saari, John C. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27830507">”Vitamin A and Vision”</a>. <i>Sub-Cellular Biochemistry</i> 81: sid. 231–259. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-024-0945-1_9">10.1007/978-94-024-0945-1_9</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0306-0225">0306-0225</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830507?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:27830507">PMID 27830507</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27830507">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27830507</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A+and+Vision&rft.jtitle=Sub-Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.aulast=Saari&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.au=Saari%2C+John+C.&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B231%E2%80%93259&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2F978-94-024-0945-1_9&rft_id=info:pmid/27830507&rft.issn=0306-0225&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F27830507&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livsmedelsverket-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-11"><small>l</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-12"><small>m</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-13"><small>n</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-14"><small>o</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-15"><small>p</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-16"><small>q</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-17"><small>r</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-18"><small>s</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livsmedelsverket_2-19"><small>t</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/naringsamne/vitaminer-och-antioxidanter/a-vitamin">”A-vitamin”</a>. <i><span><a href="/wiki/Livsmedelsverket" title="Livsmedelsverket">Livsmedelsverket</a></span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/naringsamne/vitaminer-och-antioxidanter/a-vitamin">https://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/naringsamne/vitaminer-och-antioxidanter/a-vitamin</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 juli 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A-vitamin&rft.atitle=%5B%5BLivsmedelsverket%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livsmedelsverket.se%2Flivsmedel-och-innehall%2Fnaringsamne%2Fvitaminer-och-antioxidanter%2Fa-vitamin&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNICEFvitaminA-3"><a href="#cite_ref-UNICEFvitaminA_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/about/sgreport-pdf/12_VitaminADeficiency_D7341Insert_English.pdf">"Vitamin A Deficiency"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912193103/http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/about/sgreport-pdf/12_VitaminADeficiency_D7341Insert_English.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 12 september 2016 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" class="mw-redirect" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. Hämtad 15 februari 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFAkhtarAhmedRandhawaAtukorala2013-12">Akhtar, Saeed; Ahmed, Anwaar; Randhawa, Muhammad Atif; Atukorala, Sunethra; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Ismail, Tariq (2013-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592582">”Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia: causes, outcomes, and possible remedies”</a>. <i>Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition</i> 31 (4): sid. 413–423. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3329%2Fjhpn.v31i4.19975">10.3329/jhpn.v31i4.19975</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1606-0997">1606-0997</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24592582?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:24592582">PMID 24592582</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905635">3905635</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592582">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592582</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+vitamin+A+deficiency+in+South+Asia%3A+causes%2C+outcomes%2C+and+possible+remedies&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health%2C+Population%2C+and+Nutrition&rft.aulast=Akhtar&rft.aufirst=Saeed&rft.au=Akhtar%2C+Saeed&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Anwaar&rft.au=Randhawa%2C+Muhammad+Atif&rft.au=Atukorala%2C+Sunethra&rft.au=Arlappa%2C+Nimmathota&rft.au=Ismail%2C+Tariq&rft.date=2013-12&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B413%E2%80%93423&rft_id=info:doi/10.3329%2Fjhpn.v31i4.19975&rft_id=info:pmid/24592582&rft.issn=1606-0997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24592582&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRoss2012-11">Ross, A Catharine (2012-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471201/">”Vitamin A and retinoic acid in T cell–related immunity1234”</a>. <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i> 96 (5): sid. 1166S–1172S. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3945%2Fajcn.112.034637">10.3945/ajcn.112.034637</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0002-9165">0002-9165</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23053562?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:23053562">PMID 23053562</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471201">3471201</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471201/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471201/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A+and+retinoic+acid+in+T+cell%E2%80%93related+immunity1234&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=A+Catharine&rft.au=Ross%2C+A+Catharine&rft.date=2012-11&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1166S%E2%80%931172S&rft_id=info:doi/10.3945%2Fajcn.112.034637&rft_id=info:pmid/23053562&rft.issn=0002-9165&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3471201%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFPino-LagosGuoNoelle2010">Pino-Lagos, Karina; Guo, Yanxia; Noelle, Randolph J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826167/">”Retinoic acid: A key player in immunity”</a>. <i>BioFactors (Oxford, England)</i> 36 (6): sid. 10.1002/biof.117. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fbiof.117">10.1002/biof.117</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0951-6433">0951-6433</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20803520?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:20803520">PMID 20803520</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826167">3826167</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826167/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826167/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Retinoic+acid%3A+A+key+player+in+immunity&rft.jtitle=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.aulast=Pino-Lagos&rft.aufirst=Karina&rft.au=Pino-Lagos%2C+Karina&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yanxia&rft.au=Noelle%2C+Randolph+J.&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B10.1002%2Fbiof.117&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbiof.117&rft_id=info:pmid/20803520&rft.issn=0951-6433&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3826167%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRocheHarris-Tryon2021-01-21">Roche, Fritzlaine C.; Harris-Tryon, Tamia A. (2021-01-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909803/">”Illuminating the Role of Vitamin A in Skin Innate Immunity and the Skin Microbiome: A Narrative Review”</a>. <i>Nutrients</i> 13 (2): sid. 302. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu13020302">10.3390/nu13020302</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2072-6643">2072-6643</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33494277?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:33494277">PMID 33494277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909803">7909803</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909803/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909803/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Illuminating+the+Role+of+Vitamin+A+in+Skin+Innate+Immunity+and+the+Skin+Microbiome%3A+A+Narrative+Review&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Fritzlaine+C.&rft.au=Roche%2C+Fritzlaine+C.&rft.au=Harris-Tryon%2C+Tamia+A.&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B302&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fnu13020302&rft_id=info:pmid/33494277&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7909803%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFDraghiciMiulescuPetcaPetca2021-05">Draghici, Carmen-Cristina; Miulescu, Raluca-Gabriela; Petca, Răzvan-Cosmin; Petca, Aida; Dumitrașcu, Mihai Cristian; Șandru, Florica (2021-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815607">”Teratogenic effect of isotretinoin in both fertile females and males (Review)”</a>. <i>Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine</i> 21 (5): sid. 534. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3892%2Fetm.2021.9966">10.3892/etm.2021.9966</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1792-0981">1792-0981</a>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33815607?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:33815607">PMID 33815607</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014951">8014951</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815607">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33815607</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+effect+of+isotretinoin+in+both+fertile+females+and+males+%28Review%29&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+Therapeutic+Medicine&rft.aulast=Draghici&rft.aufirst=Carmen-Cristina&rft.au=Draghici%2C+Carmen-Cristina&rft.au=Miulescu%2C+Raluca-Gabriela&rft.au=Petca%2C+R%C4%83zvan-Cosmin&rft.au=Petca%2C+Aida&rft.au=Dumitra%C8%99cu%2C+Mihai+Cristian&rft.au=%C8%98andru%2C+Florica&rft.date=2021-05&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B534&rft_id=info:doi/10.3892%2Fetm.2021.9966&rft_id=info:pmid/33815607&rft.issn=1792-0981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33815607&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Retinol"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Vitaminer" title="Mall:Vitaminer"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Vitaminer&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Vitaminer" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitaminer">Vitaminer</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC-kod_A11:_Vitaminer" title="ATC-kod A11: Vitaminer">A11</a>)</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Fettlösliga</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/A-vitamin" class="mw-redirect" title="A-vitamin">A-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Retinol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Betakaroten" title="Betakaroten">Betakaroten</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/D-vitamin" title="D-vitamin">D-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">D<sub>2</sub> (Ergokalciferol)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> D<sub>3</sub> (Kolekalciferol)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> D<sub>4</sub><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> D<sub>5</sub></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">E-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alfatokoferol" title="Alfatokoferol">Alfatokoferol</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/K-vitamin" title="K-vitamin">K-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">K<sub>1</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Fyllokinon" title="Fyllokinon">Fyllokinon</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> K<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Menakinon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menakinon [inte skriven än]">Menakinon</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> K<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Menadion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menadion [inte skriven än]">Menadion</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> K<sub>4</sub><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> K<sub>5</sub></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Vattenlösliga</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/B-vitamin" title="B-vitamin">B-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">B<sub>1</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Tiamin" title="Tiamin">Tiamin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>5</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Pantotensyra" title="Pantotensyra">Pantotensyra</a>) B<sub>6</sub><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> (<a href="/wiki/Pyridoxin" title="Pyridoxin">Pyridoxin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>7</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin">Biotin</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>9</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Folsyra" title="Folsyra">Folat</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> B<sub>12</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Kobalamin" title="Kobalamin">Kobalamin</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Askorbinsyra" title="Askorbinsyra">C-vitamin</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img 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