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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> 開放定義 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge </title> <meta name="author" content="Open Knowledge Open Definition Group" /> <meta name="description" content="開放定義 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/zh-tw/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://a.okfn.org/html/oki/panel/assets/css/frontend.css"/> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/hk-groteks" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets.okfn.org/mmenu-js/mmenu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Definition" href="/feed/index.xml" /> <script defer data-domain="opendefinition.org" 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class="container"> <h2>開放定義 2.1</h2> <p>2.1 版</p> <p>開放定義用在精準定義知識的「開放性」，以推動一個強健，任何人都可以在最大互通性下進行參與的共享領域。</p> <p><strong>簡介：</strong> <em>當知識是任何人都可以自由存取、使用、修改，以及分享，且最多僅受限於註引出處及保持開放的尺度時，它才是開放的。</em></p> <p>本定義的重要元素與軟體相較，同於<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89">開放源碼定義</a>下之「開放」一詞，並與<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9">自由軟體定義</a>和<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9">自由文化作品定義</a>裡的「自由」一詞為同義。</p> <p><strong>作品</strong>指的是知識被傳遞時的項目或片段。</p> <p><strong>授權條款</strong>指的是作品被提供時所依循的法律條件。</p> <p><strong>公眾領域</strong>意指無著作權或其他類似條件限制，無論是預設不受保護、或已聲明揚棄所有此類條件。</p> <p>本文件中，「必須」、「不得」、「建議」、「得」等辭彙，各以 <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC2119</a> 中的「must」、「must not」、「should」及「may」定義解釋之。</p> <h2 id="1-開放作品">1. 開放作品</h2> <p>一個具開放性的<strong>作品</strong>，<em>必須</em> 在散布上滿足以下必備條件：</p> <h3 id="11-開放授權或狀態">1.1 開放授權或狀態</h3> <p>該<strong>作品</strong> <em>必須</em> 已進入公眾領域，或以開放的<strong>授權條款</strong>提供（請參照本定義第 2 條）。任何附加於該作品的額外條款（例如使用條款，或授權人所持有的專利權等），<em>不得</em> 與前述授權條款或該作品之公眾領域狀態產生衝突。</p> <h3 id="12-方便近用">1.2 方便近用</h3> <p>該<strong>作品</strong> <em>必須</em> 以其完整狀態，且僅收取一次性合理重製工本費用的方式提供，並 <em>建議</em> 透過網際網路提供免費下載。任何授權遵循所需要的額外資訊（例如因註引出處而被要求的貢獻者姓名表）也 <em>必須</em> 伴隨作品一併提供。</p> <h3 id="13-機器可讀">1.3 機器可讀</h3> <p>該<strong>作品</strong> <em>必須</em> 以可由電腦處理的型態提供，且當中各項獨立元素均易於存取、修改。</p> <h3 id="14-開放格式">1.4 開放格式</h3> <p>該<strong>作品</strong> <em>必須</em> 以開放格式提供。開放格式意指無收費或不加其他限制於其使用上的格式，並可被至少一款自由開源軟體工具完整處理。</p> <h2 id="2-開放授權">2. 開放授權</h2> <p><strong>授權條款</strong> <em>建議</em> 與其他開放授權條款相容。</p> <p>一份具開放性的<strong>授權條款</strong>，其條款將符合下列條件：</p> <h3 id="21-必要的允許">2.1 必要的允許</h3> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 不可撤回地允許（或容許）下列事項：</p> <h4 id="211-使用">2.1.1 使用</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許授權作品能被自由使用。</p> <h4 id="212-再散布">2.1.2 再散布</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許授權作品能被再次散布，包括銷售，無論是單獨散布，或視為一部份而與其他不同來源的作品進行彙編後散布。</p> <h4 id="213-修改">2.1.3 修改</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許授權作品能被用來創作衍生作品，並且容許這樣的衍生作品，以原授權作品一樣的條款來進行散布。</p> <h4 id="214-分離">2.1.4 分離</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許作品裡的任何獨立部份，與其他部份或與原彙編作品一同散布時，都得以被自由地使用、散布，與修改。任何依原授權的條款，於任一散布行為裡取得該作品任一部份之人，皆<em>建議</em>與包裹式獲得原作品之人擁有一樣的權利。</p> <h4 id="215-編輯">2.1.5 編輯</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許授權作品與其他可區隔作品併行散布時，不會增添限制至這些其他作品上。</p> <h4 id="216-不差別待遇">2.1.6 不差別待遇</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>不得</em> 針對任何人或團體存有差別待遇。</p> <h4 id="217-傳散">2.1.7 傳散</h4> <p>附著於作品的使用權利，<em>必須</em> 適用到所有的收受者，而毋須同意任何額外的法律條款。</p> <h4 id="218-不限目的">2.1.8 不限目的</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>必須</em> 容許任何目的之使用、再散布、修改，以及編輯；並 <em>不可</em> 限制任何人將作品運用於特定領域下。</p> <h4 id="219-不收費">2.1.9 不收費</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>不得</em> 將任何收費協議、權利金，或其他補償及金錢報酬列為使用條件的一部份。</p> <h3 id="22-容許的條件">2.2 容許的條件</h3> <p>除了以下的可容許條件之外，<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>不得</em> 限制、模糊化，或以他法降減本定義 2.1 項所示之必要允許：</p> <h4 id="221-姓名標示">2.2.1 姓名標示</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求作品的散布，須包含貢獻者、權利人、出資者，以及創作者的姓名標示，只要這些指示不致到繁瑣的程度。</p> <h4 id="222-原件完整">2.2.2 原件完整</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求授權作品的修改版本，須以不同名稱或版本號來標註，以和原始作品區別；或以他法指示原作的哪些部份已經更動。</p> <h4 id="223-相同方式分享">2.2.3 相同方式分享</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求散布授權作品時，仍採用與原作品一樣或相近的授權條款。</p> <h4 id="224-相關聲明">2.2.4 相關聲明</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求保留著作權聲明，以及授權條款的標示。</p> <h4 id="225-源碼格式">2.2.5 源碼格式</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求任何人在發布作品時，以接受者可以進行後續修改的格式提供。</p> <h4 id="226-技術限制之禁止">2.2.6 技術限制之禁止</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求作品在散布時，維持作品不受到他種技術方法限制應可行使的權力。</p> <h4 id="227-相互侵犯之禁止">2.2.7 相互侵犯之禁止</h4> <p>該<strong>授權條款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求修改者，提供額外的允許予公眾（舉例來說，專利授權），作為其行使被容許權利的必要條件。該授權條款亦得規定，以被授權人間互不侵犯，作為行使被容許權利的允許條件（同樣，例如專利訴訟）。</p> <p><em>開放定義初始是由開放源碼定義衍生而來，開放源碼定義亦是由 Bruce Perens 與 Debian 開發者所共同提出之 Debian 自由軟體指導方針衍生而來。隨後 Bruce 採用相同文件建立開放源碼定義。本定義為前述文件之衍生產物，並保留其精要原則。流傳至今的軟體自由理念，則由 Richard Stallman 首先提出。</em></p> <p><em>2.0 translated by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lucienchlin">Lucien Cheng-hsia Lin</a> of <a href="http://www.openfoundry.org/en/about">OSSF</a> at CITI in Academia Sinica, and <a href="https://reps.mozilla.org/u/bobchao/">Po-chiang Chao</a> of <a href="https://ocf.tw">OCF</a> update the translation to 2.1.</em></p> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="footer-language-links"> <p> The Open Definition in Your Language <ul> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ar/">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/be/">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/bs/">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/bg/">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ca/">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/cz/">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/da/">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/de/">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/et/">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/el/">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/en/">English</a></li> <li><a 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