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Je dostupný v 49 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9" title="المعتزلة – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المعتزلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87" title="معتزله – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معتزله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6t%C9%99zilil%C9%99r" title="Mötəzililər – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mötəzililər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D2%93%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөғтәзилиҙәр – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөғтәзилиҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="মুতাজিলা – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুতাজিলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tezile" title="Mu'tezile – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mu'tezile" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilah" title="Mu'tazilah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mu'tazilah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilisme" title="Mutazilisme – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mutazilisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95" title="موعتەزیلە – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موعتەزیلە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99tazila" title="Mu’tazila – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mu’tazila" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilisme" title="Mutazilisme – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mutazilisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" title="Muʿtazila – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muʿtazila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Μουτάζιλα – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουτάζιλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilism" title="Mu'tazilism – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mu'tazilism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazili" title="Mu'tazili – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mu'tazili" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87" title="معتزله – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معتزله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99taziliitit" title="Mu’taziliitit – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mu’taziliitit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilisme" title="Mutazilisme – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mutazilisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilismo" title="Mutazilismo – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mutazilismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מועתזילה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועתזילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մութազիլիականություն – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մութազիլիականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muktazilah" title="Muktazilah – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muktazilah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilismo" title="Mutazilismo – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mutazilismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%BA%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A9%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="ムゥタズィラ学派 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムゥタズィラ学派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მუთაზილიტები – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუთაზილიტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мутазилиттер – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мутазилиттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%9C%BC%ED%83%80%EC%A7%88%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="무으타질라파 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무으타질라파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мутазилиттер – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мутазилиттер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2" title="മുഅതസില – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഅതസില" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muktazilah" title="Muktazilah – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muktazilah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moetazilisme" title="Moetazilisme – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moetazilisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" title="Muʿtazila – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muʿtazila" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazylizm" title="Mutazylizm – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mutazylizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%81" title="معتزلہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="معتزلہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87" title="معتزله – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معتزله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilismo" title="Mutazilismo – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mutazilismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutazilism" title="Mutazilism – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mutazilism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Мутазилиты – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мутазилиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutezilizam" title="Mutezilizam – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mutezilizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%81" title="معتزلہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="معتزلہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muctazilo" title="Muctazilo – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muctazilo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27taziliter" title="Mu'taziliter – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mu'taziliter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="முஃதசிலா – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முஃதசிலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutezile" title="Mutezile – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mutezile" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мутазиліти – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мутазиліти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%81" title="معتزلہ – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معتزلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%CA%BBtazila" title="Moʻtazila – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moʻtazila" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AA%E9%BD%8A%E8%B3%B4%E6%B4%BE" title="穆爾太齊賴派 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆爾太齊賴派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilah" title="Mu'tazilah – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mu'tazilah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99tazila" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mu%E2%80%99tazila"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Mu%E2%80%99tazila" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Mu%E2%80%99tazila" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&oldid=6218163" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto verziu stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=info" title="Viac informácií o tejto stránke"><span>Informácie o stránke</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Citova%C5%A5&page=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&id=6218163&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informácie ako citovať túto stránku"><span>Citovať túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMu%25E2%2580%2599tazila"><span>Získať skrátené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMu%25E2%2580%2599tazila"><span>Stiahnuť QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tlačiť/exportovať </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Knihy&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mu%E2%80%99tazila"><span>Vytvoriť knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stiahnuť ako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&printable=yes" title="Verzia tejto stránky pre tlač [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verzia pre tlač</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V iných projektoch </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668460" title="Odkaz na prepojenú položku dátového úložiska [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Mu’tazila</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%8Dina" title="Arabčina">arab.</a> <span class="ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">معتزلة</span>) je <a href="/wiki/Teol%C3%B3gia" title="Teológia">teologicko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Filozofia" title="Filozofia">filozofický</a> smer <a href="/wiki/Sunna" class="mw-disambig" title="Sunna">sunnitského</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamu</a>. Školu myslenia založili <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C3%A1sil_ibn_At%C3%A1%E2%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wásil ibn Atá’ (stránka neexistuje)">Wásil ibn Atá’</a> (zomrel r.748) a jeho nasledovník <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_ibn_Ubajd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr ibn Ubajd (stránka neexistuje)">Amr ibn Ubajd</a> (z.762). Wásil bol žiakom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_al-Basr%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan al-Basrí (stránka neexistuje)">Hasana al-Basrího</a>, ktorý viedol jednu z prvých teologických škôl v Basre. Traduje sa, že Wásil sa s Hasanovym krúžkom rozišiel v otázke moslimov, ktorí sa previnili ťažkým hriechom. V islame prevládali dva opačné názory: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1rid%C5%BEa" title="Cháridža">cháridžovci</a> hlásali, že ťažkým hriechom sa moslim automaticky stáva neveriacim (<i>káfir</i>), zatrateným Bohom aj ostatnými veriacimi (<i>mu'min</i>); podľa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murd%C5%BEi%27a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murdži'a (stránka neexistuje)">murdži'tov</a> naproti tomu veriacim ostáva aj po hriechu, pričom len Boh ho môže rozsúdiť. Wásil vyhlásil, že hriešnik veriacim ostáva (a teda súčasťou komunity ako moslim), no stáva sa skazeným (<i>fásiq</i>), a teda bude za hriech súdený Bohom. S týmto ale Hasan nesúhlasil, a okomentoval to lakonicky: "opustil nás" (<i>i’tazala anná</i>), z čoho sa potom aj odvodil názov školy – <i>mu’tazila</i>, "separatisti"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sami mu’tazilovci sa nazývali ľuďmi jednoty a spravodlivosti (<i>ahl at-tawhíd wa'l-’adl</i>), čo odrážalo princípy ich učenia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p><p><i>at-tawhíd</i> – "jednota"; Boh je jediný a jedinečný. <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A1n" title="Korán">Korán</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spomína, že Boh koná vďaka svojej moci či pozná vďaka poznaniu, teda vlastnostiam (<i>sifát</i>) ktoré existujú večne. Podľa mu’tazilovcov by ale tým pádom existovali viaceré večné entity: Boh, jeho poznanie, jeho moc a pod.; kvôli tomu zaviedli formuláciu, že Boh pozná všetko či koná vďaka svojej vlastnej podstate. <a href="/wiki/Al-A%C5%A1%E2%80%99ar%C3%AD" title="Al-Aš’arí">Al-Aš’arí</a> túto doktrínu nazýva <i>ta'til</i>, "ošklbanie", keďže z Boha sú sňaté všetky vlastnosti; najdôslednejšie ju rozvinul práve jeho učiteľ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%BA_%E2%80%99Al%C3%AD_al-D%C5%BEubba%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abú ’Alí al-Džubba'i (stránka neexistuje)">Abú ’Alí al-Džubba'i</a> (z.915)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Boh je chápaný ako dokonale transcendentný a neprirovnateľný k čomukoľvek vo svete. Z tohto dôvodu tiež učili, že Korán je stvorený Bohom, a nejde o jeho večnú reč. Presadzoval to napr.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibr%C3%A1h%C3%ADm_an-Nazz%C3%A1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibráhím an-Nazzám (stránka neexistuje)">Ibráhím an-Nazzám</a> (z.845)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thum%C3%A1ma_ibn_A%C5%A1ras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thumáma ibn Ašras (stránka neexistuje)">Thumáma ibn Ašras</a> (z.828), ktorý to dokonca presadil u kalifa al-Ma'múna ako podmienku získavania úradov<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><i>al-’adl</i> – "spravodlivosť"; Boh je spravodlivý k ľuďom. Išlo o postoj k debate o slobodnej vôli, presnejšie k moci (<i>qadar</i>), ktorú ľuďom Boh dáva, aby mohli byť sami tvorcami svojich činov. Podobne ako v otázkach božích vlastností a hriešnych moslimov, aj tu máme dva hlavné názory v opozícii. <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEabr%C3%ADja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džabríja (stránka neexistuje)">Džabristi</a> zastávali názor <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEahm_ibn_Safw%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džahm ibn Safwán (stránka neexistuje)">Džahma ibn Safwána</a>, Wásilovho súčasníka, ktorý hlásal, že strojcom našich činov je Boh, pričom my sa s tým môžeme zmieriť, alebo nie. V tom prípade by ale, podľa mu’tazilovcov, nebolo spravodlivé, keby Boh súdil ľudí za činy, ktoré sám stvoril. Pripájajú sa teda k názoru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%E2%80%99bad_al-D%C5%BEuh%C3%A1n%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma’bad al-Džuhání (stránka neexistuje)">Ma’bada al-Džuháního</a> (z.699), podľa ktorého má človek plnú moc nad svojimi činmi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bagdadskí mu’tazilovci, ako spomínaný Thumáma či <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi%C5%A1r_al-Mu%27tamir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bišr al-Mu'tamir (stránka neexistuje)">Bišr al-Mu'tamir</a> (z.823) boli menej radikálni: podľa nich človek koná len bezprostredný čin, strojcom udalostí týmto činom spôsobenými (<i>tawallud</i>) je Boh<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><i>al-wa’d wa'l-wa’id</i> – "prísľub a varovanie"; Božia spravodlivosť vychádza z toho, čo povedal v Koráne. Mu’tazilovci verili, že Boh nemôže porušiť svoje sľuby, ktoré dal svojim verným. Tí "dobrí" a pokorní dostanú odmenu (<i>thawáb</i>) a náhradu za odriekanie (<i>’iwád</i>), no tí "lepší" budú odmenení milosťou (<i>tafaddul</i>) navyše. Kto ale svoje hriechy neľutuje, bude potrestaný (<i>’iqáb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Išlo v podstate o debatu o Božej všemohúcnosti; či by mohol Boh niečo takéto sľúbiť, a potom trebárs "zlého" odmeniť a "dobrého" naopak poslať do pekla. Niektorí mu’tazilovci verili, že to od podstaty v Bohu nie je možné, ako napríklad Dža’far al-Iskafí (z.854)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; iní, ako napr.Thumáma hovorili, že to závisí od toho, či Boha, resp.Jeho prikázania poznajú<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Na druhej strane, Džubba'i to interpretoval ako povinnosť, zistiť si o Bohu veci sám. </p><p><i>al-manzila bajna'l-manzilatajni</i> – "medzistupeň"; ide v podstate o pôvodnú Wásilovu myšlienku, ktorou chcel rozriešiť spor cháridžovcov a murdži'tov. </p><p><i>al-amr bi'l-ma’ruf wa'l-nahí ’an al-munkar</i> – "presadzovať dobro a zakazovať zlo"; každý človek je povinný presadzovať dobro a zakazovať zlo zo všetkých síl<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Táto debata vzišla z problému, kto by bol vhodným kandidátom na Imáma, vodcu moslimskej komunity. Podľa väčšiny mu’tazilovcov bola práve táto zodpovednosť hlavným kritériom, podľa ktorého mal byť Imám volený či uznávaný; naproti tomu väčšina ši’itov uznávala len potomkov <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%99Al%C3%AD_ibn_Ab%C3%BA_T%C3%A1lib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="’Alí ibn Abú Tálib (stránka neexistuje)">’Alího</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed">Mohamedovej</a> dcéry <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatima_Zuhra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatima Zuhra (stránka neexistuje)">Fátimy</a>. Všeobecne síce mu’tazilovci stanovili normy na posúdenie Imáma, no popritom zastávali tiež názor, že ’Alí, vybraný Mohamedom samotným, ich spĺňal lepšie ako jeho politickí súperi. </p><p>Ako teologické hnutie zosilneli najmä v prvej polovici 9.storočia, pričom od začiatku sa snažili potláčať iné teologické smery. Debata o článkoch viery, <i><a href="/wiki/Kal%C3%A1m" title="Kalám">kalám</a></i>, napokon natoľko charakterizuje ďalší vývoj moslimskej teológie, že sa stala pre ňu synonymom. Škola mala zhruba od začiatku 9.storočia dve centrá. V <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdade</a> myšlienky rozvíjali Bišr al-Mu'tamir, Thumáma a neskôr askéta al-Murdár (z.840) a jeho žiaci Dža’far al-Harb (z.850) a Dža’far al-Iskafí. Riešili hlavne otázky Imámátu, no známi boli vďaka predstave, že veci sú nepretržite stvárané Bohom, ktorý je imanentný v každom prírodnom fenoméne<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Neskorší bagdadskí mu’tazilovci, Abú'l-Husajn al-Chajját (z.912) a Abú'l-Qásim al-Ka'bí (z.931) týmto ovplyvnili aj pôvodnú školu v <a href="/wiki/Basra_(mesto_v_Iraku)" title="Basra (mesto v Iraku)">Basre</a>, ktorú rozvinuli najmä <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C3%BA_Hudhajl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abú Hudhajl (stránka neexistuje)">Abú'l-Hudhajl al-’Alláf</a> (z.845), Nazzám a Mu’ammar ibn ’Abbád (z.830). Tí považovali Boha za transcendentného stvoriteľa, ktorý stvorí svet aj s prirodzenými zákonitosťami, podľa ktorých funguje ďalej<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mnohé myšlienky mu’tazilovcov presiahli rámec záujmu predchádzajúcich teologických škôl. Zaoberali sa aj čisto filozofickými a tiež takpovediac prírodovednými témami. Veľa textov na tieto témy sa zachovalo od Nazzámovho žiaka Abú ’Uthmána al-Džáhiza (z.869) a tiež od Chajjáta v jeho knihe al-Intisár. Aj z týchto dôvodov boli neskôr ostro kritizovaní tradicionalistickými teológmi Aš’arím a Máturídím a neskôr sa pojem "mu’tazilita" používal skôr vo zmysle voľnomyšlienkára<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/moslemschismssec01alba/moslemschismssec01alba_djvu.txt">http://www.archive.org/stream/moslemschismssec01alba/moslemschismssec01alba_djvu.txt</a> s.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abú'l-Husajn al-Chajját: Kitáb al-Intisár, ed.1925; s.126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">napr. 2:20,2:29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aboutquran.com/ba/bio/mutazila/mt_jubbai.htm">http://www.aboutquran.com/ba/bio/mutazila/mt_jubbai.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/moslemschismssec01alba/moslemschismssec01alba_djvu.txt">http://www.archive.org/stream/moslemschismssec01alba/moslemschismssec01alba_djvu.txt</a> s.138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Tritton: Muslim Theology, London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1947; s.99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tritton 1947; s.54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad ibn ´Abd al-Karím aš-Šahrastání: Muslim Sects and Schools, prekl.A.K.Kazi a J.G.Flynn, London: Kegan Paul, 1984; s.56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Šahrastání 1984; s.42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Šahrastání 1984; s.53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Šahrastání 1984; s.61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tritton 1947; s.82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tritton 1947; s.95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tritton 1947; s.89 – 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_14.htm">http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_14.htm</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externé_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.A9_odkazy"></span>Externé odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Externé odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E2%80%99tazila&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externé odkazy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dai.fmph.uniba.sk/~filit/fvm/mutazila.html">FILIT</a> – zdroj, z ktorého pôvodne čerpal tento článok.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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